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政治专升本ppt课件•政治概述与学科体系•政治思想与理论发展•政治制度与国家治理体系•国际关系与全球治理格局目录•政治参与与社会责任担当•政治专升本考试要点与备考策略01政治概述与学科体系政治学科定义及研究对象政治学科定义研究人类社会政治现象、政治关系及其发展规律的科学。
研究对象包括国家、政府、政党、社会团体、阶级、民族等政治主体及其相互关系。
政治学科体系包括政治学理论、政治制度、政治思想史、国际政治、比较政治等分支领域。
政治学理论研究政治的本质、功能、结构、行为等基本问题。
政治制度研究国家政治制度、政治制度变迁及比较政治制度等。
政治思想史研究历史上重要政治思想家及其思想流派、政治思潮的演变等。
国际政治研究国际社会中的政治现象、国际政治格局、国际政治经济关系等。
比较政治对不同国家、不同时期的政治制度、政治行为等进行比较研究。
政治学科体系与分支领域研究意义揭示政治现象的本质和规律，增进对人类社会政治现象的认识和理解。
培养具有政治素养和公民意识的人才，推动社会和谐稳定发展。
为国家和社会的政治发展提供理论支持和指导，促进政治文明的进步。
研究方法：包括文献研究法、实证研究法（定量与定性研究）、案例研究法、比较分析法等。
政治学科研究方法及意义02政治思想与理论发展以孔子、孟子为代表，主张仁爱、礼制和德治，强调个人修养与社会和谐。
儒家思想法家思想道家思想以韩非子、商鞅为代表，主张法治、重刑重罚和中央集权，强调国家利益高于一切。
以老子、庄子为代表，主张无为而治、自然主义和返璞归真，强调个人自由与顺应自然。
03020103自由主义思想以严复、胡适为代表，主张自由、民主和科学，反对封建专制和迷信。
01民主主义思想以孙中山、黄兴为代表，主张民主、共和和民族独立，反对封建专制和帝国主义。
02社会主义思想以马克思、恩格斯为代表，主张无产阶级革命、社会主义公有制和按劳分配，强调消灭阶级和实现共产主义。
中国特色社会主义理论以邓小平、江泽民为代表，主张改革开放、市场经济和社会主义现代化建设，强调中国特色社会主义道路。
大学思政课PPT课件第二章思想政治理论课教学部主要内容第一节中华民族的爱国主义传统第二节新时期的爱国主义第三节做忠诚的爱国者我的中国心张明敏河山只在我梦萦祖国已多年未亲近可是不管怎样也改变不了我的中国心洋装虽然穿在身我心依然是中国心我的祖先早已把我的一切烙上中国印音频我的中国心长江长城黄山黄河在我心中重千斤无论何时无论何地心中一样亲流在心里的血澎湃着中华的声音就算生在他乡也改变不了我的中国心近代以来中华民族的历史进程1911-1912 辛亥革命1919 五四运动1921 中国共产党成立1945 抗日战争胜利1949 中华人民共和国成立1956-至今社会主义中国在发展1840-1842 鸦片战争1851-1864 太平天国革命1898 戊戌变法1900-1901 八国联军入侵中国义和团运动1.爱国主义是凝聚中华民族、推动中国历史进步的一面伟大旗帜。
2.落后就要挨打发展才是硬道理。
3.只有共产党才能领导中国走向胜利。
4.只有社会主义才能救中国只有社会主义才能发展中国。
历史给我们的启示??案例????江南某市选美决赛会场上8名“佳丽”都被主持人的一个提问难住了。
这个问题是“中国古代的四大发明是什么”8人中无一人知道最后还是第8位小姐勇敢说了一句“我猜可能有一种是火柴吧”全场惊愕之余复又哄堂大笑。
这8位由该市各单位选出的“某市小姐”的候选人代表着当地较为普遍的青年一个面她们所反映出来的爱国主义基础知识的贫乏值得深思……一、爱国主义的科学内涵二、爱国主义的优良传统三、爱国主义的时代价值1、爱国主义的科学内涵爱国主义体现了人民群众对自己祖国的深厚感情反映了个人对祖国的依存关系是人们对自己故土家园、种族和文化的归属感、认同感、尊严感与荣誉感的统一。
它是调节个人与祖国之间关系的道德要求、政治原则和法律规范也是民族精神的核心。
一、爱国主义爱国主义是调节个人与祖国之间的重要道德要求、政治原则和法律规范。
2.爱国主义的实质1. 爱我大好河山2. 爱我骨肉同胞3. 爱祖国的灿烂文化4.爱自己的国家3.爱国主义的基本要求祖国的大好河山不只是自然风光而且是主权、财富、民族发展和进步的基本载体。
跨文化交际复习资料名词解释Globalization is worldwide interconnectedness, evidenced in global movements movements of of of natural natural natural resources, resources, resources, trade trade trade goods, goods, goods, human human human labor, labor, labor, finance finance finance capital, capital, information, and infectious diseases. Intercultural communication is communication between people whose cultural cultural perceptions perceptions perceptions and and and symbol symbol symbol systems systems systems are are are distinct distinct distinct enough enough enough to to to alter alter alter the the communication event. The dominant culture is a type of culture that one group possesses the power to speak for the entire culture while setting the tone and agenda that others will usually follow. Co-cultures are cultures discussing groups or social communities exhibiting communication characteristics, perceptions, values, beliefs, and practices that are sufficiently different to distinguish them from other groups and communities and from the dominant culture.Communication is a dynamic process in which people attempt to share their internal states with other people through the use of symbols. Culture is a set of human-made objective and subjective elements that in the past have increased the probability of survival and resulted in satisfaction for the participants in an ecological niche, and thus became shared among those who could communicate with each other because they had a common language and they lived in the same time and place. Values are culturally defined standards of desirability, goodness, and beauty that serve as broad guidelines for social living.P25Values are shared ideas about what is true, right, and beautiful which underline cultural patterns and guide society in response to the physical and social environment.P189Stereotypes are a collection of false assumptions that people in all cultures make about the characteristics of members of various groups.P42A stereotype is is a a a cognitive cognitive cognitive structure structure structure containing containing containing the the the perceiv perceiv perceiver’s er’s er’s knowledge,knowledge, beliefs, and experiences about some human social groups.P170Objectivity is the state of being objective, just, unbiased and not influenced by emotions or personal prejudices.P43Social organizations or social institutions a re the groups that members of a are the groups that members of a culture turn to for lessons about the meaning of life and methods for living that life.P49Family is is a a a group group group of of of intimates, intimates, intimates, who who who generate generate generate a a a sense sense sense of of of home home home and and and group group identity, complete with strong ties of loyalty and emotion, and an experience of a history and a future.P54Individualism is a kind of thought that involves self-motivation, autonomy, and independent independent thinking, thinking, thinking, which which which takes takes takes in in in the the the following following following forms. forms. forms. People’s People’s People’s personal personal goals take priority over their allegiance to groups like like the the the family family or or the the employer. The loyalty of individualists to a given group is very weak; they feel they belong to many groups and are apt to change their membership as it suits to them, switching churches, for example, or leaving one employer for another. Such Such thought thought thought stresses stresses stresses personal personal personal rights rights rights and and and responsibilities, responsibilities, responsibilities, privacy, privacy, voicing one’s own opinion, freedom, innovation, and self-expression. freedom, innovation, and self-expression.P198. P199.P67Collectivism is is a a a kind kind kind of of of thought thought thought that that that people people people primarily primarily primarily view view view themselves themselves themselves as as members of groups and collectives rather than as autonomous individuals. In such such cultures cultures cultures people people people emphasize emphasize emphasize community, community, collaboration, collaboration, shared shared shared interest, interest, harmony, tradition, the public good, and maintaining face. Collectivism means greater emphasis on the views. needs, and goals of the in-group rather than oneself; social norms and duty defined by the in-group rather than behavior to get pleasure; beliefs shared with the in-group rather than beliefs that distinguish distinguish the the the self self self from from from in-group; in-group; in-group; and and and great great great readiness readiness readiness to to to cooperate cooperate cooperate with with in-group members .History is the witness that testifies to the passing of time; it illumines reality, vitalizes vitalizes memory, memory, provides provides guidance guidance guidance in in in daily daily daily life, life, life, and and and brings brings brings us us us tidings tidings tidings of of antiquity. The worldview of a people is is the the the way way way they they they interpret interpret interpret reality reality reality and and and events, events, including including images images images of of of themselves themselves themselves and and and how how how they they they relate relate relate to to to the the the world world world around around them .P97Worldview functions as a guide to help people determine what the world looks like and how they should function within that world.P98Identity is the reflective self-conception or self-image that we each derive from our family, gender, cultural, ethnic, and individual socialization process. Cultural identity: the identification of communications of a shared system of symbolic verbal and nonverbal behavior that are meaningful to group members who have a sense of belonging and who share traditions, heritage, language, and similar norms of appropriate behavior. Cultural identity is a social construction.P154Prejudices are are deeply deeply deeply held held held negative negative negative feelings feelings feelings associated associated associated with with with a a a particular particular group. Prejudice amounts to a rigid and irrational generalization about a category of people. Prejudice is irrational to the extent that people hold inflexible attitudes supported supported by by by little little little or or or no no no direct direct direct evidence. evidence. evidence. Prejudice Prejudice Prejudice may may may target target target people people people of of of a a particular social class, sex, sexual orientation, age, political affiliation, race, or ethnicity.P173Racism is the belief in the inherent superiority of a particular race.It denies the basic equality of humankind and correlates ability with physical composition. Thus it assumes that success or failure in any societal endeavor will depend upon genetic endowment rather than environment and access to opportunity.P177Ethnocentrism is the notion that one’s own culture is superior to any other. It is the idea that other cultures should be measured by the degree to which they live live up up up to to to our our our cultural cultural cultural standards. standards. standards. We We We are are are ethnocentric ethnocentric ethnocentric when when when we we we view view view other other cultures through the narrow lens of our own culture or social position. Perception is the process whereby people convert external events and experiences into meaningful internal understanding.P185 Beliefs serve as the storage system for the content of our past experiences, including thoughts, memories, and interpretations of events.P187 Cultural patterns are a useful umbrella term that allows us to talk about values, beliefs, and other orientations collectively.P190 Uncertainty avoidance defines the extent to which people within a culture are made nervous by situations which they perceive as unstructured, unclear, or unpredictable, situations which they therefore try to avoid by maintaining strict codes of behavior and a belief in absolute truths.P201 Power distance is a characteristic of a culture defining the extent to which the less powerful person in society accepts inequality in power and considers it as normal.P203Masculinity and feminity refer to the degree to which masculine or feminine traits are valued and revealed.P205 A being orientation refers to spontaneous expression of the human personality.P213The being-in-dong orientation stresses the idea of development and growth. It It emphasizes emphasizes emphasizes the the the kind kind kind of of of activity activity activity that that that contributes contributes contributes to to to the the the development development development of of of all all aspects of the self as an integral whole.P214 The doing orientation describes activity in which accomplishments are measurable by standards external to the individual.P214 Context is the information that surrounds an event; it is inextricably bound up with the meaning of the event.P215 Nonverbal communication involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver.P246All human interaction is influenced to some degree by the cultural, social, and physical settings in which it occurs. These settings are called the communication context .Intercultural communication competence is the overall internal capability of an individual to manage the key challenging features of intercultural communication: namely, cultural differences and unfamiliarity, inter-group posture, and the accompanying experience of stress.P384 Culture shock is is a a a mental mental mental state state state that that that comes comes comes from from from the the the transition transition transition that that that occurs occurs when when you you you go go go from from from a a a familiar familiar familiar environment environment environment to to to an an an unfamiliar unfamiliar unfamiliar one one one and and and find find find that that your old, established patterns of behavior are ineffective. Ethics refers to judgments that focus on degrees of rightness and wrongness, virtue and vice, and obligation in human behavior.P404 翻译1.Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and customs keep them apart. ---Confucius.性相近，习相远。
湖北工业大学管理学院管理信息系统课程设计办公自动化系统姓名：胡学志班级：08信管1班学号：0810831110目录目录 ........................................................................................................................................ 摘要 .. (3)1. 绪论 (3)2. 需求分析 (5)2.1 需求背景 (5)2.1.1 系统环境 (5)2.1.2 系统功能规划 (5)2.1.3 系统功能要求 (7)2.2 可行性分析 (7)2.2.1 操作可行性分析 (7)2.2.2 管理可行性分析 (8)2.2.3 技术可行性分析 (8)2.2.4 经济可行性分析 (8)3. 系统分析 (8)3.1 系统结构分析 (8)3.2 运行环境 (9)3.3 设计思想 (9)3.4 系统功能模块图 (11)3.5 系统权限控制图 (12)4. 系统设计与实现 (13)4.1 员工信息管理模块 (14)4.1.1 员工信息查询 (14)4.1.2 员工信息修改 (14)4.1.3 员工信息增加 (14)4.1.4 员工信息删除 (15)4.2 财务信息管理模块 (15)4.2.1 财务记录增加 (15)4.2.2 财务记录修改 (15)4.2.3 财务项目增加 (15)4.2.4 财务项目删除 (15)4.2.5 财务报表生成 (16)4.3 内部信息交流模块 (16)4.3.1 通知公告功能 (16)4.3.1.1 通知公告增加 (16)4.3.1.2 通知公告修改 (16)4.3.1.3 通知公告删除 (17)4.3.1.4 过期通告清空 (17)4.3.2 内部意见功能 (17)4.3.2.1 内部意见发送 (17)4.3.2.2 内部意见处理 (17)4.3.3 内部投票功能 (17)4.3.3.1 内部投票发起 (17)4.3.3.2 内部投票开始 (18)4.4 页面逻辑结构 (18)4.5 数据库设计 (18)4.5.1 数据库选择 (18)4.5.2 数据库物理设计 (19)4.5.3 数据库结构设计 (19)5. 服务器和数据库配置 (21)5.1 后台服务器配置 (21)5.2 后台数据库配置 (22)6. 前端页面开发与设计 (24)6.1 网页结构图 (24)6.2 各功能模块对应的网页 (24)6.3 页面设计与介绍 (25)7. 系统测试 (27)7.1 出错信息 (28)7.2 补救措施 (28)7.3 系统维护 (28)8. 总结与收获 (28)摘要互联网技术日益普及的今天，硬件软件都有了很大的发展，给我们的工作生活带来了极大的方便。
