课外翻译作业汉译英1参考译文

在从前的农业社会里，中国人最重要的节日就是过年。

对过去的一年来说，这是结束；对未来的一年来说，这是开始。

一进入腊月，街头巷尾就充满了过年的气氛，这种气氛要持续一个半月之久。

大家通过各种游乐节目来调剂一年来的辛劳，在游乐中流露着一种乐观进取的精神。

过年时，每家门上都贴上了春联，耀眼的红纸给人们带来了喜气，优美的字句提供了勉励。

In previous/former agricultural society, the Spring Festival was the most important holiday in China. It is the end of the past year and the beginning of the next. As soon as the twelfth month of the lunar year begins, streets are filled with an atmosphere of celebrating the Spring Festival for a month and a half. People relax and get rid of the past year’s hard work by a variety of entertainment with a sense of optimism and enterprise. During the holiday, Spring Festival couplets are put on the door of every household. The shining red paper brings happiness to people, and the elegant/graceful words offers encouragement.上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国际化大都市。

汉译英（Unit1、2、3、5课后翻译）Unit 1掌握大量的词对于达到一门外语的流利程度是至关重要的。

一个非官方的但却是经常被引用的有关剑桥初级证书英语考试的数字表明，词汇量少于三千五百词的学生不大可能在这项考试中成功。

最近的研究也表明，其母语为英语的受教育至18岁或18岁以上的人至少认识一万六千个英语词。

除非你已经会讲一种像西班牙语或德语这样的语言，要获得大的英语词汇量是没有捷径可走的：你就得依靠勤奋和专注。

当然，你可以从上下文猜出你阅读中遇到的一些生词的意思，但往往你得查字典才能搞清它们的确切意思。

一个切实可行的学习新词的方法或许就是大量阅读，最好是阅读那些你觉得有趣或刺激的故事。

反复阅读同一本书常常是很有好处的：你每读一次都会学到不同的生词，而熟悉的背景又有助于将这些新词牢牢地印在你的脑海中。

Mastering a large number of words is essential to achieving fluency in a foreign language. An unofficial, but often quoted, figure for the Cambridge First Certificate examination suggests that students with a vocabulary of less than 3,500 words are unlikely to be successful in the exam. Current research also suggests that native English speakers who have been educated up to 18 years old or beyond know at least 16,000 English words. And unless you already speak a language like Spanish or German, there are no short-cuts to get a large vocabulary in English: you just have to rely on diligence and dedication. Of course you can figure outfrom the context the meanings of some new words you come across in your reading, but more often than not you have to look them up in a dictionary in order to be clear about their accurate meanings. A practicable way to pick up new words may be to read a lot, preferably stories that you find interesting or exciting. It's often good to read the same book over and over again: every time you read it, you will learn different new words, and the familiar context helps to fix them in your mind.Unit 21、我认为向他求助是不现实的。

汉译英：1徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。

他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。

他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。

为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。

Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole of China/ the whole country. When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief in the conclusions in the books. Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic records taken by his predecessors. In order to make his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat. Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills. In order to learn about the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous areas with dangerous roads and in lonely / untraveled woods, where he discovered a lot of magnificent peaks and beautiful sights.( During his life time, Xu Xiake visited and explored 16 provinces, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. He never blindly accepted the conclusions given in books in his exploration. He found that many of the geographical records by other people before him were inaccurate ( He found many inaccuracies in the travel notes ongeography written by his predecessors ) . He seldom traveled by horse cart or boat but climbed mountains and ridges and took long, difficult journeys most of the timewith the aim of conducting a real and careful exploration. To get a true picture of nature, he picked/chose mountains with treacherous pathsand unfrequented jungles for explorations, discovering many grotesque mountains and beautiful sceneries. He would revisit famous mountains at different time and in different seasons to observe the changing magnificent views time and again. )2多少年来，我养成了一个习惯：每天早晨四点在黎明以前起床工作。

练习1 美国印象☐我恐怕不能把美国描绘成十足的天堂——从一般角度来说，也许我对这个国家所知甚少。

我说不出它的经度或纬度；我算不出它出产谷物的价值；我对它的政治也不十分熟悉。

这些东西可能不会使你感兴趣，它们当然也不会让我感兴趣。

☐在美国上岸后得到的第一个深刻印象，就是美国人可能算不上世界上穿得最漂亮的，但却是穿得最舒服的。

那里看得到男人头戴着不堪入目的烟囱式高顶礼帽，但很少有不戴帽子的男人；还看到穿着难看至极的燕尾服的男人，但很少有不穿外套的男人。

美国人的穿戴显得舒适，这和在我国常可以看到的人们衣衫褴褛的情形形成了鲜明的对比。

☐我特别注意到的第二个特点是，似乎每个人都在急着赶火车。

这种情形对诗歌和浪漫爱情是不利的。

要是罗密欧和朱丽叶老是为乘火车而担心，或是在为返城车票而烦恼，莎士比亚就不可能写出那几幕如此富有诗意与伤感情调的阳台戏了。

☐美国是世界上最嘈杂的国家。

在早晨，不是夜莺的歌声，而是汽笛的呜叫把人们唤醒。

美国人讲求实际的头脑这么健全，却没有想到要降低这种令人难以忍受的噪音，真叫人吃惊。

所有艺术都依赖于精细微妙的敏锐感觉，这样持续不断的喧嚣，最终一定会损害人的音乐天赋。

☐美国城市没有牛津、剑桥、索尔兹伯里和温彻斯特那么美丽，那些地方有优雅时代的美好遗迹；虽然不时还是可以看到许多美的东西，但只能在美国人没有存心创造美的地方。

在美国人有意创造美的地方，他们显然没有成功。

美国人的突出特点，便是他们把科学应用于现代生活的那种态度。

☐在纽约走马观花地一走，这一点就一目了然了。

在英国人们常把发明家视作狂人，发明带来的是失望与穷困的例子简直不胜枚举。

在美国发明家受到尊重，他随时可以得到人们的帮助。

在那里心灵手巧、把科技应用于人类的劳动，是致富的捷径。

没有一个国家比美国更爱机器的了。

☐或许，值得指出的是，被许多人指为美国式英语的其实是老的英国式表达，它们在我国已经消失，却在我们的殖民地里留存下来。

许多人以为美国人常说的“I guess”（“我猜”）纯粹是一种美国式表达，但约翰∙洛克在他的The understanding (《理解论》）中就用过这种说法，就像我们现在使用“I think”（“我想”）一样。

文学翻译：1．《柳家大院》（节选）原文作者：老舍这两天我们大‎院里又透着热‎闹，出了人命。

事情可不能由‎这儿说起，得打头来。

先交代我自己‎吧。

我是个算命的‎先生，我也卖过酸枣‎、落花生什么的‎。

那可是先前的‎事了。

现在我在街上‎摆卦摊儿；好了呢，一天也抓弄三‎毛五毛的。

老伴儿早死啦‎，儿子拉洋车。

我们爷儿俩住‎着柳家大院的‎一间北房。

除了我这间北‎房，大院里还有二‎十多间房呢。

一共住着多少‎家子，谁说得清？住两间房的就‎不多，又搭上今儿个‎搬来，明儿个又搬来‎，我没那么好的‎记性。

大家见面，招呼声“吃了吗？”透着和气，不说呢，也没什么。

大家一天到晚‎为嘴奔命，没有工夫扯闲‎盘儿。

爱说话的自然‎也有。

可得先吃饱啦‎。

王家住两间房‎。

老王和我算是‎柳家大院最“文明”的人了。

“文明”是三孙子。

2．《柳家大院》（节选）译文A pretty‎kick-up has been the order of the day again in our compou‎n d lately‎, for a life has been lost.But‎this‎isn’t‎the‎way‎to‎open‎the‎ball‎. We should‎go the whole animal‎.First , a few words about myself‎.I’m‎a‎fortun‎e-teller‎. Once I was a vender‎of sour dates , ground‎-nuts and what not. But that was ages ago. Now I keep a fortun‎e-teller‎’s‎stall‎on‎the‎side-walk and can scrape‎up three or five dimes a day at best. My old gal had long kicked‎up her heels. My‎son’s‎a‎ricksh‎a w-boy. That’s‎what‎he’s. We two , father‎and son , hang our hats at a south-facing‎room in the Liu’s‎compou‎n d.Beside‎s the room we occupy‎there are twenty‎more rooms in the same compou‎n d. How many famili‎e s live there , only God knows. Those who occupy‎two rooms are quite few. Beside‎s , they are always‎on‎the‎go.‎I‎haven’t‎got‎such‎a‎good‎memor y‎as to rememb‎e r all that. When people‎meet , they‎greet‎each‎other‎with‎a‎“How‎do‎you‎do‎?”, just to show their good neighb‎o urly feelin‎g s. But if they should‎cut each other dead , nobody‎would care. When‎one’s‎knocke‎d about from pillar‎to post for his bread day in and day out , he‎won’t‎find‎ginger‎enough‎for gas and gaiter‎s. Of course‎, there’s‎those‎who‎are‎all‎jaw‎like‎a‎sheep’s‎head‎among‎us. But one can hardly‎be in a mood for rag-chewin‎g‎when‎one’s‎guts‎cry‎cupboa‎r d .The Wang family‎occupi‎e s two rooms. Old Wang and I are consid‎e red the gentee‎l fork in the compou‎n d. Gentil‎i ty be hanged‎!注释：kick-up：有了问题，出了毛病open the ball：作为开头what not：诸如此类的东‎西old gal：（口）老伴kicked‎up‎one’s‎heels‎：(俚) 死ricksh‎a w ：人力车，黄包车hang‎one’s‎hats‎on:指望，依靠on the go：（口）忙个不停cut sb. dead：不理睬某人knock about ：（口）漂泊，游荡from pillar‎to post ：四处奔走着，到处碰壁地，for his bread (俚) ＝for his moneyday in and day out ：日复一日，每天不间断地‎ginger‎：（口）精力，活力，劲头gas ：（俚）令人非常满意‎（或愉快的）的事（或人）be‎all‎jaw‎(like‎a‎sheep’s‎head)‎：全是空话，废话连篇rag ：（俚）姑娘，情人（指女性）guts：（用作单）贪食者be hanged‎：（用于诅咒语中‎）不得好死3．原文言语风格‎分析老舍先生是善‎于运用群众的‎言语大师。

汉译英句子翻译：1．他用辛辛苦苦积攒了五年的钱买了一架照相机。

然后，他带着它走遍全国，拍摄了许多祖国名胜古迹的照片。

With the money he had saved hard for five years, he bought a camera, with which he then traveled around the country, taking numerous pictures of the scenic spots and places of historic interest of our motherland. (用非限制性定语从句合并)2．现在，每年都有几百万人到长城游览。

在旺季，几处最著名的景点总是让成群结队的游客挤得水泄不通。

Now, millions of people journey to the Great Wall each year, making its most popular sites besieged by hordes of tourists during busy seasons.(将原文中的第二句译成第一句的伴随状语，即把原文中两个有一定关系的简单句合为一个句子，且句意不变。

这样更简练。

)3．中国是一个发展中的沿海大国。

中国高度重视海洋的开发和保护，把发展海洋事业作为国家发展战略。

As a major developing country with a long coastline, China attaches great importance to marine development and protection, and takes it as the state’s development strategy.（原句被翻译成一个长长的英语单句。

原句的第一句被译成一个有as引导的介词短语。

）4．我国人口众多，人均资源有限，资金不足。

发展精加工高附加值的产品出口，是今后扩大出口的一个关键。

大学英语（B）1汉译英练习参考译文1、丝绸之路不仅是东西商业贸易之路，而且是中国和亚欧各国间政治往来文化交流的通道。

西方的音乐、绘画、建筑、宗教等通过此路先后传到中国，并对中国产生了很大影响。

中国的纺织和四大发明也通过此路传向西方。

丝绸之路是东西方交往的友好象征。

丝绸之路打造了世界贸易的雏形（embryonic form），为世界发展做出了不朽的贡献。

The Silk Road is not only a network of trade route connecting the East and West but also a channel of political interaction and cultural exchange between China and other Asian and European countries. The Western music, painting, architecture, and religion were introduced into China via the Silk Road and had great impact on China. The Chinese textiles and the Four Great Inventions were also introduced to the West via the Silk Road. As a symbol of friendship for interaction between the East and West, the Silk Road fostered an embryonic form of world trade and made monumental contributions to the development of the world.2、现在人们习惯于使用智能手机、平板电脑（tablet PC）或者专门的电子阅读器来阅读。