2016年南京航空航天大学359日语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2016年南京航空航天大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(总分：54.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.下列关于《诗经》的说法中，不正确的一项是( )。

（分数：2.00）A.它是我国第一部诗歌总集B.它共收诗305篇C.它反映了西周初年至春秋中叶五百多年的丰富社会生活D.它是由孔子编订并命名为“诗经”的√解析：解析：《诗经》是我国最早的一部诗歌总集，收集了自西周初年至春秋中叶五百多年的诗歌，共305篇。

《诗经》相传由孔子编订，称为《诗》。

汉武帝“独尊儒术”之后，始称《诗经》，并被儒家列为经典之一。

2.明代四大奇书不包括( )。

（分数：2.00）A.《三国演义》B.《水浒传》C.《儒林外史》√D.《金瓶梅》解析：解析：明代四大奇书是指明代四部著名的长篇章回小说《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》和《金瓶梅》。

这四部小说开创了章回小说的四种类型，即历史演义小说、英雄传奇小说、神魔小说和世情小说。

《儒林外史》是清代吴敬梓所著的长篇小说。

故本题正确选项为C项。

3.选出下列各句成语的出处、文章作者及其生活时代都正确的一项：( )。

（分数：2.00）A.妄自菲薄——《出师表》——诸葛亮——西晋B.豁然开朗——《桃花源记》——陶渊明——东晋√C.山不在高，有仙则灵——《爱莲说》——刘禹锡——唐代D.心旷神怡——《岳阳楼记》——欧阳修——宋代解析：解析：A项年代错误，诸葛亮为三国时期蜀汉丞相；C项成语的出处错误，应为刘禹锡的《陋室铭》；D项作者错误，《岳阳楼记》作者是范仲淹。

4.韩愈和柳宗元大力提倡古文运动，他们所谓的“古文”，是指( )。

（分数：2.00）A.先秦两汉的文章√B.先秦诸子的文章C.唐代以前的文章D.汉代司马迁和班固等人的文章解析：解析：韩愈、柳宗元所提倡的“古文”，指先秦两汉的散文。

先秦两汉的散文质朴自由，以散行单句为主，不受格式拘束，有利于反映现实生活、表达思想。

第8章计算机类术语603．ASCⅡ码【答案】アスキーコード604．安装【答案】インストールする605安全【答案】セキュリティ606．版主【答案】管理人607．版本【答案】バージョン608．版权【答案】著作権/コピーライト609．办公自动化【答案】オフィスオートメーション/OA化(Office Automation)610．保存【答案】保存する/上書き保存する611．帮助【答案】ヘルプ612．保护【答案】プロテクトする613．备份【答案】バックアップ/バックアップする614．奔腾【答案】ペンティアム615．本地【答案】ローカル616．本地化【答案】ローカライズ617．笔记本电脑【答案】ノートパソコン618．壁纸【答案】壁紙619．编程【答案】プログラミングする620．编程语言【答案】プログラム言語621．编辑器【答案】エディタ622．编码【答案】エンコード623．编写【答案】作成する624．编译【答案】コンパイル625．编译程序【答案】コンパイラ626．便携机【答案】携帯型パソコン627．变种【答案】亜種628．程序【答案】プログラム629．程序库【答案】ライブラリ630．程序设计【答案】プログラミング631．程序语言【答案】プログラム言語632．程序员【答案】プログラマー633．冲浪【答案】ネットサーフィン634．重新启动【答案】再起動する/リブート635．重做【答案】やり直し636．存储介质【答案】記憶媒体637．存储器【答案】記憶装置/メモリ638．存取【答案】記憶装置などへアクセスする639．错误【答案】エラー640．错误信息【答案】エラーメッセージ641．个人电脑【答案】パーソナルコンピュータ/パソコン(PC)642．个人数字助理【答案】PDA/携帯個人情報端末643．广告条【答案】バナー広告644．广域网【答案】広域エリアネットワーク645．规格【答案】スペック646．硅谷。

第2章经济类（题14～题28）题14中国とインドで、日産自動車やスズキなど自動車各社の生産・販売が上向いてきた。

日産の中国乗用車合弁の2月の販売が前年同月に比べ51%増。

スズキはインドの新車販売が2月まで2カ月連続で過去最多を更新した。

現地政府が打ち出した減税策など需要喚起策が効いた。

日産の2月の中国生産が47.9%増となるなど、販売増に伴い、各社は現地生産量も増やしている。

日本や米国など先進国での販売減少分を新興国で補う構図が強まってきた。

中国では1月下旬から排気量1600cc以下の小型車の取得税が5%に半減。

日産の乗用車合弁、東風日産乗用車は減税対象の小型車「ティーダ」などが好調だった。

小型車が得意なスズキの2月の中国販売も19%増の1万8000台と6カ月ぶりに前年実績を上回った。

参考译文日产及铃木等日本汽车公司最近在中国和印度的生产销售额呈上升趋势。

日产在中国的汽车合资公司2月份的销售额比去年同期増加51%。

铃木在印度的新车销量截至2月已经连续两个月刷新记录。

这得利于当地政府实施的减税等扩大内需的政策。

伴随销售额的上涨，各公司都増加了当地的生产量，如日产在中国2月份的产量増加47.9%。

这也使得日本汽车公司的战略构想逐渐强化——即在新兴国家弥补日本国内及欧美等发达国家减少的销售额。

中国从1月下旬开始将排量在1600cc以下的小型车的汽车购置税减至5%，即原来的一半。

日产在中国的合资公司东风日产轿车生产的TIIDA等包含在减税对象范围内的小型车的销售情况良好。

以生产小型车著称的铃木2月份在中国的销量也増加19%，达1.8万辆，时隔6个月再次超过上一年度业绩。

题15現在、武漢で行われている全国服装展示会からの情報によると、アパレルブランドの市場戦略が深まるにつれて、国産ブランド服が市場での地位を一段と高め、衣服消費の主流を占め始めた。

今年の中華全国商業情報センターが調査した10種の服装ブランドを見ると、大部分の商品の市場販売ベストテンは国産ブランドで、国外及び合弁ブランドで市場占有率が比較的高いのはТシャツと子供服であった。

2016年南京航空航天大学硕士英语专业考研真题南京航空航天大学2016年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题 A卷科目代码:246满分:100 分科目名称:英语注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. I would like to have a talk with him _____ his convenience.A. inB. atC. forD. with2. I'd rather you _____ those important documents with you.A. don't takeB. didn't takeC. won't takeD. not take3. If a couple are divorced and their child lives with his mother, he is said to suffer from lack of _____ love.A. maternalB. fraternalC. paternalD. parental4. If English is not our first language you can often be puzzledby ways of expression that the native speaker ofEnglish does not even have to _____.A. think outB. think aboutC. think overD. think for5. If it _____ too much trouble, I'd love a cup of tea.A. isn'tB. wasn'tC. weren'tD. hadn't been6. If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to _____ in the courtyard.A. convergeB. assembleC. crowdD. accumulate7. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1995, the housing problems now in some partsof the country _____ so serious.A. wouldn't beB. wouldn't have beenC. will not beD. would have not been8. If Tom wins tomorrow, he _____ thirty races in the past four years.A. will winB. has wonC. would have wonD. will have won9. If we believe something is good and true we should _____ to it.A. hold upB. keep onC. hold onD. keep up10. If you _____ James, ask him to phone me.A. should seeB. must seeC. might seeD. would see11. If you are required to do some work, it must be done _____.A. sooner or laterB. after all othersC. at lastD. in the long run12. If you know what the trouble is, why you don't help them to _____ the situation?A. simplifyB. modifyC. verifyD. rectify13. I'm sorry, but what he thinks is not of the _____ important to me.A. worthyB. valuableC. valuelessD. priceless14. I'm sure your suggestion will _____ the problem.A. contribute to solvingB. be contributed to solveC. contribute to solveD. be contributed to solving15. I'm very much obliged to you _____ the information.A. onB. forC. withD. of16. In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible _____ and many jobs on campus are reserves for students.A. scalesB. ranksC. gradesD. patterns17. In Beijing, the season of the year is probably _____ fall.A. laterB. lastC. latterD. late18. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or ______ for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic program for the reading skills.A. adaptedB. acknowledgedC. assembledD. appointed19. In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly _____ if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.A. admiredB. regardedC. expectedD. worshipped20. In that country, students will be _____ admittance to their classroom if they are not properly dressed.A. declinedB. deprivedC. deniedD. desertedII. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage 1A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than that is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors--- or of people very different from our own --- can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than that can be found in most history books.In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanishpainter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly “political” artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros --- as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martines --- depicted these Mexican artists’ deep anger and sadness about social problems.In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn’t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is ) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic (伊斯兰教的）belief that statues are unholy (不神圣的）.21. From passage One, we know that ______.A. art history reveals a people’s religious and emotional life as well as its political views and psychologyB. general history provides us with information about everyday life of ancient peopleC. general history gives us an insight into the basic situations of a time and a placeD. art history regards politics as an unworthy topic22. Art is subjective in that it _____.A. records what people felt and thought at a particular timeB. expresses the essential qualities of a time and a placeC. often gives us a better understanding of our historyD. often presents the subjective message about the political life of a country23. It may be concluded from this passage that _____.A. Islamic artists painted images on church walls as a way of teachingB. war was not one of the topics art history addressedC. Europeans respected images of biblical figuresD. for some time in Europe, art was the only way to understand religion24. According to the passage, what can be usually found in a truly “political” artist’s work?A. His criticism to the religious beliefs of his country.B. His explanation about the political values of his country.C. His dissatisfaction to wars, his government or social problems.D. His concern about the daily life of the poor in his country.25. The passage mainly discusses _____.A. the difference between general history and art historyB. the value of art history in understanding historyC. the importance of artists in art historyD. the importance of art in religionPassage 2Of a ll the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched tothinking of them as just “mental noise”--- the random byproducts of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams ar e part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center, “if you don’t like it, change it.”The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to ha ve more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events --- until appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, ther e’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in panic”. Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffer ing from persistent nightmaresshould seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep- or rather dream-on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.26.By saying that “dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat,"( Par.1) the researchers meanthat _______.A. we can think logically in the dreams tooB. dreams can be brought under conscious controlC. dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD. dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable27. What did Cartwright find in her clinic?A. Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.B. Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.C. One’s dreaming process is related to his emotion.D. People having negative feelings dream more often.28. Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____.A. control what dreams to dreamB. sleep well without any dreamsC. wake up in time to stop the bad dreamsD. identify what is upsetting about the dreams29. The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______A. learn to control his dreamsB. consult a doctorC. sleep and dream on itD. get rid of anxiety first30. The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.A. a good practiceB. a new discoveryC. helpful for everyoneD. not essential for everyonePassage 3People who spend their days glued to networking websites such as Facebook and Twitter are more likely to be depressed, a new U.K. study has revealed.A team of researchers at the University of Leeds have conducted the first large-scale survey of its kind to find a link between the Internet and depression.“The Internet now plays a huge part in modern life, but its benefits are accompanied by a darker side,” said psychologist Catriona Morrison, lead author of the study, which is published in the journal Psychopathology Today.The survey was administered online, with adverts place on social-networking sites, and 1,319 people took the tests. Participants were asked to answer questions in an Internet Addiction Test. Internet Function Test ( to see what people use the Internet for most) and the Beck Depression Inventory.Morrison and her team found that 18 respondents were “Internet addicted”. When matched against not-addicted Internet users within the survey, the difference in depression ratings was significant; the addicts showed higher levels of depression than their non-addicted counterparts.In addition, the team found a correlation between the type of sites visited and the level of user addition. According to the study, Internet addicts spent more time on “gaming websites and online community/ chat”, whereas the non-addicted group perused (浏览) a wider range of site.But Morrison acknowledged some caveats (为防止误解而作的说明) to the study. The Internet Addiction Test, although a useful tool in studying this modern age addiction, is not a foolproof method of diagnosis. New tests incorporating (包含) measures of social isolation and loneliness may provide a more accurate measure to continue in this area.“What is clear”, said Morrison, “is that for a small subset of people, excessive use of the Internet could be a warning signal for depressive tendencies.”The study also leaves many questions unanswered. Having found a correlation, future studies may try to determine the cause. Do people become depressed because they are addicted to the Internet or turn to the Internet because they’re depressed?Morrison hopes future studies of Internet users will help define what this link might be. “We now need t o consider the wider societal implications of this relationship and confirm clearly the effects of excessive Internet use on mental health.”31. What can we know from a new U.K. study?A. The use of the Internet has little to do with depression.B. The Internet is mainly used to communicate with others in our daily life.C. People addicted to social networking sites are more easily to be depressed.D. The disadvantages of Internet use are much more than the benefits of it.32. What information can be got about the Internet Function Test from the passage?A. Its purpose is to show what effect the Internet has on people’s life.B. Its aim is to see what the Internet’s most common use is for people.C. It is published in the journal Psychopathology T oday.D. It is greatly welcomed by most of adolescents’ parents.33. According to the study, which group of people are more easily addictive to the Internet?A. Those who have the depressive tendencies.B. Those spending more time chatting online.C. Those who work depending on computersD. Those browsing a wide range of websites.34. The word “foolproof”(Para 7) is the closest in meaning to _____.A. commonB. uniqueC. deceptiveD. accurate35. What can be inferred from what Morrison says in the last sentence of the passage?A. It is clear that excessive Internet use leads to some people’s depression.B. There are some other societal reasons leading to people’s depression.C. The impact of excessive Internet use on mental health is not clearly verified yet.D. It is very hard to define the correlation between depression and Internet use.Passage 4Scholars and students have always been great travelers. “Academic mobility” is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the areas of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad insearch of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind also means mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues, one believes that only eccentrics (行为古怪的人) have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquiry, ridicule or neglect.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centers of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.In addition, one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groupsin other countries.36. From the passage we can know that “academic mobility”__________.A. means the friendship formed by scholars when they are travelingB. is a program organized by governmentsC. is considered very important for economic and social progress in the worldD. means going abroad to search for the best teachers37. In the view of the author, if a scholar has a new idea abouta particular thing he should ______.A. keep it as a secretB. sell it for moneyC. abandon it without being provedD. share it with others38. According to the passage, what influence does the appearance of airplanes have on the academic aspect?A. It makes it possible to exchange students between countries.B. It makes it possible for scholars far from each other to contact more easily.C. It makes it easier for students to attend foreign universities.D. It promotes more centers of learning to appear immediately around the world.39. The words “considerable multiplication of disciplines(Last paragraph)” refer to ______.A. a great number of stricter teaching methodsB. broader cooperation among scholarsC. enormous rules for academic studiesD. an increase in the number of fields of knowledge40. According to the author, travel is necessary for specialists in that _______.A. it is good for them to define their interests preciselyB. it is a good way for them to relaxC. it helps them avoid working in isolationD. it can make them feel less lonelyIII. English -Chinese Translation (20 points)Directions: Translate the following passages into Chinese.1. A hero, it is said, is someone who is “larger than life”, whom we can admire for great qualities or abilities that we may never have. Heroes have included political and religious leaders, athletes, movies stars, and musicians. Today, however, many people say they do not have heroes. Political figures in today’s world of leaders rarely, if ever, appear larger than life to us. In today’s world of curious journalists and a television-age public, it seems difficult for anyone to attain heroic status.2. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings. In designing advertisements to be used in other countries, marketers are recognizing the need to keep messages as short and simple as possible and to avoid idioms, jargon, and slang that are difficult to translate. Similarly, they avoid jokes, since humor does not translate well from one culture to another. What is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another. The bottom line is that consumers interpret advertising in terms of their own cultures. As the global marketplace opens up, there is no room for linguistic or cultural blunders.VI. Chinese-English Translation (15 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into English.在当今世界，人口越来越多，社会也越来越工业化，生活在这种条件下，人们在污染着自己的居住环境，因此污染已经成了一个社会问题。

2016年北京第二外国语学院《日语翻译基础》考研真题及详解一、次の日本語の言葉、または専門用語を中国語に訳しなさい。

（1×10＝10点）1．メンタリティ【答案】心理状态2．バイリンガル【答案】双语的3．ライフライン【答案】生命线（水电等必需品补给线）4．ハザ一ドマップ【答案】灾难预测地图5．アーカイブ【答案】档案；存档6．五体満足【答案】四肢健全7．下方修正【答案】下调8．今ひとつ【答案】差一点9．「棚上げ」論【答案】“搁置争议”主张10．コーポレートガバナンス【答案】企业管理二、次の中国語の術語、または専門用語を日本語に訳しなさい。

（1×10＝10点）1．反恐【答案】対テロ作戦2．阅兵蓝【答案】パレードブルー3．昂山素季【答案】アウンサンスーチー3．转基因食品【答案】遺伝子組み換え食品5．邮轮游【答案】クルーズツアー6．凡尔赛宫【答案】ベルサイユ宮殿7．自拍神器【答案】自撮り用に特化したカメラ8．暖男【答案】優しく温かい男9．熊市【答案】ベアマーケット10．接地气【答案】地域密着運動三、次の略語に対応する中国語を書いてください。

（1×5＝5点）1．IS【答案】伊斯兰国2．F2F【答案】面对面营销模式3．OBOR【答案】“一带一路”战略4．BBQ【答案】烧烤、烤肉5．SA【答案】高速公路服务区四、次の短文や諺を中国語に訳しなさい。

（1×5＝5点）1．三拍子揃う【答案】万事俱备2．待ったをかける【答案】反悔，悔棋3．首がすわる【答案】（新生儿）脖子固定4．おじゃんになる【答案】事情告吹、搞砸5．あうんの呼吸があう【答案】配合默契五、次の日本語の文章を中国語に訳しなさい。

（60点）90年に生まれた人が、一度たりとも「好況」とは何かを実感できないまま成人を迎える。

これほど長期の経済停滞が続く中では、様々な局面があったことは事実である。

02年から08年2月までの日本経済は、実感は薄いものの「いざなみ景気」と呼ばれる長期の景気回復期にあった。

南京航空航天大学
2016年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题 A卷 科目代码:845
满分:150 分
科目名称:翻译与写作（日语）
注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！
「社畜！ゴマすり！」ネットでは批判の声も
左斜めに押す意味とは何なのか？ 印鑑 ハンコの情報ポータルサイト「印鑑.com」を運営している下田優希さんは、こう説明します。

「会社によってはそれが常識の押し方というところもあるようです。

右に傾けると威張って見える一方、左に傾ければお辞儀をしているように見え、控えめな印象を与えられるからといわれています。

終身雇用などもあり、上下関係が厳しかった日本ならでは
の発想ですよね」
具体的な押し方としては、時計の11時半の形のように左側に若干傾けて斜めにするそうです。

个调识划当 岭 为线划 决历资计划经济维 须对进划须对区进选择这没办历 这证这种划毕没虑 气环随资条 丰 划难剑对认识维 进划。

南京航空航天大学2016年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:215满分:100 分科目名称:翻译硕士德语注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I Grammatik und Wortschatz语法与词汇（共44分）A 选择题（每题1分，共24分）1. ________ ist Ihre Telefonnummer bitte? ‐ Einen Moment bitte, meine Telefonnr. ist ...A) Was B) Wie C) Wie heißt2. Wir fahren morgen nach Deutschland, aber Herr Li fährt ___________ Türkei.A) nach B) zur C) in die3. Alle ___________ führen nach Rom.A) Wege B) Straßen C) Bahnen4. Diese Mütze kostet 35 Euro. Das ist zu teuer. Gibt es ________?A) keine billigeren B) keine billige C) keine billiger5. Sie dürfen hier im Haus keine Haustiere ________.A) nehmen B) halten C) kaufen6. Hallo! Ich komme ______ der Universitätszeitung und möchte einen Bericht ______ eureErlebnisse in den Ferien schreiben.A) in / von B) von / über C) von / auf7. Er bekommt heute einen Brief ______ Hause.A) zu B) im C) von zu8. Das Buch gefällt Jochen sehr gut. Ich kaufe ______ ______.A) es / ihm B) ihm / es C) ihn / ihm9. Gibt es hier eine direkte _________ mit dem Bus von der Universität zum Hauptbahnhof?A) Beziehung B) Verbindung C) Verfahren10. Wenn Sie Probleme haben, ___________ Sie mich nur zu rufen.A) müssen B) haben C) brauchen11. Einen Menschen, ___________ dich nicht liebt, solltest du auch nicht heiraten.A) der B) den C) wer12. Freiburg, __________ er jetzt wohnt, ist eine schöne Stadt.A) worin B) in dem C) wohin13. _________ des schlechten Wetters musste die Kundgebung verschoben werden.A) Trotz B) Während C) Wegen14. Diese Arbeit ___________ spätestens bis Freitag zu erledigen.A) hat B) ist C) muss15. Deutschland spielt _____ in der Wirtschaft und Politik in der EU.A) eine wichtige Stelle B) eine wichtige Rolle C) einen wichtigen Platz16. ______ bitte leise! Das Kind schläft.A) Sein B) Sei C) Bist17. Wir sollen alles in Ordnung ______.A) bringen B) nehmen C) machen18. ______ doch noch etwas Fisch! ‐ Nein, danke. Ich habe schon genug.A) Nimmst B) Nimm C) Nehmst19. Meiner Meinung ______ sollen Sie in Berlin wohnen.A) nach B) gegenüber C) mit20. ______ Fußballspieler hast du gern? ‐ Ronaldo.A) Welchen B) Wen C) Wessen21. Ich möchte Wein. Haben wir noch _____? Nein, es ist ____ mehr da.A) einen, keinen B) welchen, keiner C) welcher, keins22. Heute gibt es im Fernsehen_____.A)nicht Interessantes B)nichts Interessante C)nichts Interssantes23. Er war gestern beim Arzt und hat sich_____.A) untergesucht B) zu untersuchen C) untersuchen lassen24. Wenn er sich in der letzten Woche den rechten Fuss nicht verletzt hätte,_____er vorgesternmit uns nach Berlin_____.A) würde…mitfahren können B) wäre…mitgefahren können C) hätte…mitfahren können B根据短文内容选词填空（每空1分，共10分）Liu Hua(am Anfang, gewöhnt, das Esssen, vor zwei Jahren, zusammenstellen, das Studium, Heimweh, bei einer großen Firma, von der Welt, mit der Zimmersuche)Liu Hua kommt aus China. Sie hat in Beijing studiert und dort 2008 ihr Studium abgeschlossen. Danach hat sie __25__ in Shanghai gearbeitet. Aber sie wollte __26__ sehen. So kam sie __27__ nach Deutschland, um weiter zu studieren.Aber es war nicht leicht für sie __28__. Sie hatte zuerst Probleme __29__. Endlich fand sie eins. Auch __30__ schmeckte ihr nicht. Sie fühlte sich oft einsam und hatte deshalb __31__. Für sie war __32__ auch nicht ohne Probleme. Anfangs konnte sie nicht viel verstehen. Sie musste auch ihren Studienplan selbst __33__. Glücklicherweise hat sie sich inzwischen an das neue Leben __34__. Sie hat vor, im nächsten Jahr ihr Masterstudium abzuschließen.C根据短文内容选词填空（每空1分，共10分）Das Auto in meinem Leben(auch wenn, das, denn, der, doch, könnte, muss, wäre, wenn, würde)Ohne Auto __35 ich nicht leben. Ich wohne mit meiner Frau und meinen zwei Kindern auf dem Land, von meinem Haus bis in die nächsten Stadt sind es 14 Kilometer. Deshalb brauchen wir unbedingt ein Auto. __36 die Kinder einmal krank sind, muss ich oder meine Frau mit dem Auto zum Arzt fahren. Nur morgens und nachmittags fährt der Schulbus für die Kinder. __37 ist kostenlos für uns. Auch zum Einkaufen brauchen wir das Auto. Tragen Sie mal zwei schwere Einkaufstaschen 14 Kilomete! Das __38 nicht lustig. Nur montags und donnerstags braucht meine Frau für ihre Arbeit das Auto. An diesen Tagen __39 ich eine halbe Stunde früher aufstehen, __40 ich fahre mit dem Fahrrad und brauche unterwegs etwa 45 Minuten. Mit dem Auto brauche ich dazu nur eine Viertelstunde. __41 ein zweites Auto können wir uns nicht leisten.__42 ich genug Geld hätte, würde ich kein zweites Auto kaufen. Denn eigentlich __43ich gerne jeden Tag mit dem Rad fahren, __44 meinem Körper gut tut.II Leseverstehen阅读理解（每题2分，共30分）Text A Das duale Ausbildungssystem in DeutschlandJunge Leute, die die Schule beendet haben, können eine Lehre beginnen. Dazu müssen sie zuerst bei einem Betrieb ihrer Wahl eine Lehrstelle finden und dann einen Ausbildungsvertrag unterschreiben.Die Berufsausbildung besteht aus zwei Teilen. Den ersten Teil, die Praxis absolviert der Auszubildende, auch kurz Azubi genannt, im Betrieb. Den zweiten Teil, die Theorie lernt er in der Berufsschule. Die Azubis verbringen drei oder vier Tage in der Woche im Betrieb und ein oder zwei Tage in der Berufsschule. Der theoretische Unterricht kann auch in Blöcken von einigen Wochen je nach Berufen durchgeführt werden. Das nennt man dann Blockunterricht. In der restlichen Zeit arbeiten die Azubis dann in ihren Betrieben. In der Regel dauert eine Ausbildung in Deutschland bei den meisten Berufen drei bis dreieinhalb Jahre. Wenn jemand aber besonders gut ist, kann diese Zeit auch kürzer sein. Dieses Programm wird duales Ausbildungssystem genannt. Das gibt es nur in Deutschland, in Österreich und in der Schweiz, also in den deutschsprachingen Ländern.Die Azubis haben in mehreren Fächern Unterricht, wie zum Beispiel Deutsch, Englisch, Mathematik, Sport und Sozialkunde. Dazu kommen noch die Fächer für den bestimmten Beruf. Sie sind für jeden Beruf unterschiedlich, weil ene Köchin andere Sachen wissen muss als ein Automechaniker. Natürlich gibt es auch Prüfungen. Nach etwa 18 Monaten machen die Azubis eine Zwischenprüfung und am Ende die Abschlussprüfung. Dann bekommen sie die Zeugnisse. Auf der ganzen Welt bewundert man das duale Ausbildungssystem in Deutschland, in Österreich und in der Schweiz, weil es die Menschen so gut auf ihren Beruf vorbereitet. Aber es gibt auch Probleme. Viele Betriebe sagen, dass sie keine Azubis ausbilden können, weil sie nur noch sehr spezielle Arbeiten machen und die Azubis zu wenig bie ihnen lernen können. Andere Betriebe meinen, dass die Ausbildung von Azubis zu teuer ist, denn die Betriebe tragen die Kosten für die betriebliche Ausbildung und zahlen den Azubis Geld, obwohl sie noch nicht selbstständig arbeiten können.Wie sich dieses System weiter entwickelt, bleibt heute noch offen.Steht das im Text? Antworten Sie bitte mit JA oder NEIN.45. Die Azubis machen nach der Schule eine Ausbildung.46. Das duale System gibt es nur in Deutschland.47. Während der Ausbildung lernen die Azubis in der Berufsschule oder machen im Betrieb eine Lehre.48. Alle Azubis lernen die gleichen Fächer.49. Besonders gute Azubis können die Ausbildung etwas früher abschließen.Text B Der Jäger Hailibu (eine mongolische Volkssage)Vor langer, langer Zeit lebte in den Bergen der Jäger namens Hailibu. Er war sehr hilfsbereit und teilte alles, was er gejagt hatte, mit den anderen Menschen in seinem Dorf. Deshalb war Hailibu sehr beliebt in der ganzen Nachbarschaft.Eines Tages, als Hailibu zum Jagen tief in die Berge ging, fand er eine kleine weiße Schlange. Sie lag unter einem Baum und schlief. Um die Schlange nicht zu stören, wollte er schon einen Umweg machen. Doch gerade in diesem Augenblick flog ein grauer Kranich über seinen Kopfhinweg und ergriff die Schlange. Als Hailibu das sah, schoss er auf den Kranich. Der ließ die Schlange fallen und flog davon.Am nächsten Tag, als Hailibu an demselben Ort vorbeikam, sah er die kleine weiße Schlange wieder. Sie sprach zu ihm: "Mein lieber Retter, wie geht es dir? Du kennst mich vielleicht nicht, aber ich bin die Tochter des Drachenköniges. Meine Eltern wollten dich kennen lernen und dir persönlich für die Rettung danken und dir etwas schenken. Nimm bitte nichts von dem, was dir meine Eltern schenken wollen, sondern verlange nur den Edelstein. Mein Vater hält ihn in seinem Mund. Bewahre den Edelstein in deinem Mund auf, wenn du ihn bekommst. Du kannst dann alle Sprachen der Tiere verstehen. Aber erzähl es den anderen nicht, sonst wirst du sich in einen Stein verwandeln."Nachdem Hailibu das gehört hatte, ging er mit der Schlange zu ihrer Familie. Der alte Drachenkönig wartete schon vor der Tür. Er dankte Hailibu für die Hilfe und wollte ihm viele Geschenke geben. Aber Hailibu wollte nur den Edelstein als Erinnerung. Schließlich gab der König ihm den Edelstein und Hailibu nahm Abschied.Von da an jagte Hailibu besonders erfolgreich. So vergingen mehrere Jahre. Eines Tages, als er in den Bergen jagte, hörte er, was die Vögel redeten."Fliegen wir am besten an einen anderen Ort. Morgen wird hier überall Hochwasser sein." Hailibu ging eilig nach Hause und erzählte den anderen davon. Aber die Leute glaubten ihm nicht und wollten ihre Heimat nicht verlassen. Um alle zu retten, erzählte er allen, was vorher geschehen war und was er gehört hatte. Nachdem er dies gesagt hatte, verwandelte er sich sofort in einen Stein.Die Leute waren sehr traurig und verließen ihre Heimat. Tatsächlich war am nächsten Tag überall Hochwasser.Später fanden die Leute den Stein und stellten ihn auf einen Berggipfel. So sollte ihn auch später niemand vergessen.Antworten Sie bitte in vollständigen Sätzen!50. Warum hatten die Leute im Dorf Hailibu gern?51. Was machte Hailibu, als er die weiße Schlange unter einem Baum sah?52. Warum wollten die Vögel wegfliegen?53. Warum verwandelte sich Hailibu in einen Stein?54. Warum stellten die Leute den Stein auf einen Berggipfel?Text C Wer schreibt den ersten Krimi?Geschichten von Mord und anderen Verbrechen gab es schon immer. Wissenschaftler weisen in diesem Zusammenhang gerne auf die Bibel hin. Die Bibel erzählt schon auf ihren ersten Seiten eine Kriminalgeschichte: Der Mord an Abel durch seinen Bruder Kain. Der richtige Kriminalroman, oder besser gesagt, Detektivroman ‐ (der Detektiv), ist noch nicht so alt.Als der wirklich erste Krimi gilt eine Erzählung des Amerikaners Edgar Allan Poe: "Der Doppelmord in der Rue Morgue". Das Buch erschien 1841. In dieser Erzählung fanden die Leser zum ersten Mal das Grundmotiv des üblichen Kriminalromans: Ein Privatdetektiv klärt ein Verbrechen auf. Mit seinem Sherlock Holmes führte der englische Schriftsteller Arthur Conan Doyle ab 1887 diese Entwicklung weiter. Und er erfand eine bis heute sehr beliebte Art des Kriminalromans. Er schenkte dem Detektiv einen Freund: Dr. Watson. Der nächste bedeutende Schritt in der Geschichte der Kriminalromane waren die Bücher von George Simenon aus Belgien. Von jetzt an suchten staatliche Polizisten die Mörder und Verbrecher.Bleibt die Frage: Warum gab es nicht schon früher Detektivgeschichten? Die Antwort ist sehreinfach. Erst ab Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts spielten die Beweise beim Jagen nach Verbrechern eine Rolle, vorher waren es hauptsächlich die Aussagen von Zeugen. Mit den Beweisen begann die Arbeit für Detektive.Heute gehören Detektivgeschichten zu den meistgelesenen Büchern und seit der Anfangszeit des Films gibt es diese Geschichte auch im Kino. Zwei Dinge ziehen die Zuschauer beim Krimi an: das Verbrechen selbst und die Aufklärung, der Kampf zwischen Gut und Böse.Im Fernsehen jagen fast jeden Abend mutige Polizisten böse Verbrecher. Deutsche krimiserien zählen zu den wichtigsten Exportprodukten. Vor vielen Jahren durfte der deutsche Hauptkommissar Derrick in ca. 40 Ländern Verbrechen aufklären, natürlich nur im Fernsehen. Die neuen deutschen Krimiserien heißen "Kommissar Rex" oder "SOKO", und man kann sie auch in China oder Korea sehen.55. Welche Aussage ist dem Text nach richtig?A)Wissenschaftler lesen gerne die Bibel.B)Der erste Kriminalfall der Welt ist der Mord an Abel durch Kain.C)Der richtige Detektivroman ist jünger als die Bibel.56. Das Buch "Der Doppelmord in der Rue Morgue" gilt als der erste Krimi, weil_______.A)es von Edgar Allan Poe geschrieben wurde.B)in ihm ein Privatdetektiv alles untersucht und deutlich macht.C)in ihm ein Privatdetektiv vorkommt.57. Was gehört nicht zu der wesentlichen Entwicklung des Kriminalromans?A)Es gibt im Roman einen Privatdetektiv, der das Verbrechen aufklärt.B)Sherlock Holmes hat eine Reihe Kriminalromane geschrieben.C)Der Privatdetektiv im Roman hat einen Freund.58. Man sieht sich heute gerne Kriminalfilme an, weil _________.A)man sich für die Aufklärung des Verbrechens interessiert.B)sie über das Böse erzählen.C)man selber gerne gegen Verbrechen kämpft.59. Derrick ____________________.A)war vor vielen Jahren bei der Polizei tätig.B)war eine Person in einer Krimiserie vor vielen Jahren.C)hat vor vielen Jahren Fernsehsendungen gemacht.III. Übersetzen Sie. 请将划线部分翻译成中文（每题8分，共16分）60. Oktoberfest München ‐ Das Münchner Oktoberfest ist das größte Volksfest der Welt. Es beginnt Mitte September und endet am ersten Oktobersonntag. Jedes Jahr kommen über 6 Millionen Besucher zum Oktoberfest. In den riesigen Festzelten trinkt man Bier, isst Brathähnchen und ‐würsten und hört bayerische Blasmusik. Bei guter Stimmung fangen die Leute an zu singen und zu schunkeln. Ein Höhepunkt des Festes ist der traditionelle Umzug. Stundenlang ziehen verschiedene Gruppe durch die Straßen von München.61. Kinder brauchen die Natur. Leider verbringen die Kinder heutzutage zu viel Zeit vor Fernsehern oder Computern. Waren in den 1970er Jahren Kinder täglich noch drei bis vier Stunden an der frischen Luft, so wurde 2010 kaum eine Stunde erreicht. Folgen sind unter anderem mangelnde Fitness, Übergewicht und Konzentrationsstörungen. Darüber hinaus fehltden Kindern die Neugier, nämlich die Neugier für das schöne und für die ungeheure Vielfalt der Natur.IV. Schriftlicher Ausdruck写作（10分）62. Svenja und Jürgen haben jetzt eine 4‐Zimmer‐Wohnung. Sie schreiben an ihren Freund Herbert Kroll in 14482 Postsdam, Hermann‐Maaß Straße 12. Die Wohnung ist hell, liegt sehr ruhig und hat einen Balkon. Svenja und Jürgen möchten Herbert einladen. Er kann im Arbeitszimmer schlafen.Schreiben Sie eine Postkarte an Herbert Kroll. Die Karte muss mindesten 100 Wörtern haben. Vergessen Sie bitte die Addresse nicht!。

精都教育——全国100000考生的选择我们的梦想，为成就更多人的梦想南京航空航天大学研究生入学考试试题原版考研真题试卷更多考研真题、笔记、模拟、题库、讲义资料就上精都考研网/南京航空航天大学2018年考研专业课真题试卷（原版）南京航空航天大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:357满分:150 分科目名称:英语翻译基础注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ ×15 =15’)1. accident rate2. community of shared interests3. online car-hailing4. Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank5. takeoff runway6. Global Navigation Satellite System7. Remote Sensing Satellite 8. spacesuit9. lunar module 10. multi-entry visa11. simulated flight test 12. space debris13. unmanned spacecraft 14. two-dimensional barcode15. cosmic velocityPart II. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ ×15 =15’)1. 航站楼2. 新常态3. 自贸区4. 供给侧改革5. 人工智能6. 低碳城市7. 量子卫星8. 精准扶贫9. 实名认证10.“丝绸之路经济带”11. 免税店12. 无现金支付13. 带薪休假14. 航天飞机15. 雷达识别Part III. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 p oints (30’ ×2 = 60’).Passage 1Sometimes you’d rather not know the bad news. An estimated 500,000 pieces of space junk—old satellites, rocket parts, debris from collisions—swarm in orbit around Earth. Much of it is potentially deadly: NASA officials say anything larger than 1 centimeter in diameter poses a threat to the International Space Station (ISS). But current tracking systems can generally only watch objects 10 cm or larger, and the U.S. government now follows less than 5% of space hazards— just 23,000 objects. That should change with the addition of a powerful new Air Force radar system, scheduled to break ground this month on Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands.科目代码：357科目名称：英语翻译基础第1页共2页。

2016江苏南京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语考研真题I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Columbus' decision to sail west to reach the East _____ on his belief that the earth was round.A. existedB. satC. relaxedD. rested2. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _____ movie could not hold our attention.A. three-hoursB. three-hourC. three-hours'D. three-hour's3. Difficulties can _____ a person's best qualities.A. bring upB. bring outC. bring aboutD. bring to4. Doctors sometimes _____ old cures when modern medicine doesn't work.A. fall onB. fall down onC. fall back onD. fall in upon5. Does brain power _____ as we get older? Scientists now have some surprising answers.A. descendB. declineC. deduceD. collapse6. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _____ it comes to classroom tests.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. after7. Don't worry. The company will _____ all your expense.A. satisfyB. meetC. payD. submit8. Eventually, people spread throughout the continent, ______ the entire species.A. wiping outB. wiping awayC. wiping offD. wiping up9. Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to ______ healthy.A. preserveB. stayC. maintainD. reserve10. Faced with the ______ difficulties, they are determined to carry on their program.A. satisfactoryB. attributableC. innocentD. intangible11. Fewer and fewer of today's workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, ______ the same company.A. all elseB. much worseC. let aloneD. less likely12. Flying in an airplane was once thought to be an impossible ______.A. taskB. professionC. promiseD. contest13. Fresh vegetables are straight from the ______ and raw vegetables are ______.A. earth...cookedB. soil...uncookedC. floor...cookedD. ground...uncooked14. Such poets as Shakespeare ________ widely read，of whose works，however，some ________ difficult to understand.A．are；are B．is；is C．are；is D．is；are15. Three quarters of the forest ________ burnt to ashes and the rest ________ cut down for construction.A．was；has been B．was；have been C．have been；is D．are；has been16. It is well admitted that the high ______ rate is caused in part by failure to communicate.A. unemploymentB. birthC. divorceD. inflation17. Fumes from the exhaust of an automobile are ______.A. notoriousB. anxiousC. noxiousD. delicious18. George wasn't in class today, Professor Brown excused him ______.A. from attendingB. of attendingC. to attendD. attending19. Cleaning out the basement was a ______job.A. tediousB. miserableC. marvelousD. desirable20. Hamlet _____ his father's death on his uncle.A. reversedB. revertedC. revengedD. revealedII. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1The Internet can make the news more democratic, giving the public a chance to ask questions and seek out facts behind stories and candidates, according to the head of the largest US on-line service.“But the greatest potential for public participation is still in the future,”Steven Case, chairman of America On-line, told a recent meeting on Journalism and the Internet sponsored by The Freedom Forum, though other speakers say the new technology of computers is changing the face of journalism, giving reporters access to more information and their readers a chance to ask questions and turn to different sources.“You don’t have to buy a newspaper and be confined to the four corners of that paper anymore,” Sam Meddis, on-line technology editor at USA Today, observed about the variety of information available to computer users.But the speakers noted the easy access to the Internet also means anyone can post information for others to see. “Anyone can say anything they want, whether it’s right or wrong,” said Case. Readers have to determine or themselves who to trust. “In a world of almost infinite voices, respected journalists and respected brand names will probably become more important, not less,” Case said.The Internet today is about where radio was 80 years ago, or television 50 years ago or cable 25 years ago,he said. But it is growing rapidly because it provides people fast access to news and a chance to comment on it.He forecast increased political participation on-line in this year and in 2000 with politicians able to answer directly to the public --- an opportunity to increase voter turnout and for politicians to raise funds from the public.21. The main topic of this passage is ________.A. the development of journalismB. the rapid development of the InternetC. the effect of the Internet has on journalismD. the advantages of the Internet22. It can be inferred from this passage that _______ may NOT be regarded as the advantages of the Internet?A. the news can be made more democraticB. the public can turn to different sourcesC. the public can get a chance to ask questionsD. anything can be posted on the Internet for others to see23. The correct order for the appearance of the four technologies is ______.A. Internet-cable-television-radioB. radio-television-cable-InternetC．radio-cable-television-Internet D. Television-radio-cable-Internet24. Which of the following statements is true?A. Only respected journalists can post information on the Internet for others to see.B. Respected journalists will probably become more important than before.C. Everyone is using the Internet now.D. The greatest potential of public participation of the Internet is in the near future.25. On the whole, the attitude Steven Case holds for the Internet’s future development is ___________.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC．doubtful D. unknownPassage 2Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology(观念) that biology is fate. According to this ideology, basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes. These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life. Women are the weaker sex both physically and emotionally. Thus, they are naturally suited, much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties.A woman’s place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment of the home. Nature has determined that women play caretaker roles, such as wife and mother and homemaker. On the other hand, men are best suited to go outinto the competitive world of work and politics, where serious responsibilities must be taken on. Men are to be the providers; women and children are “dependents”. The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex. It is thus appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an extension of women’s domestic role. Informal differences between “women’s work” and “men’s work” in the labor force, according to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes.Finally, the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way. For the human species to survive over time, its members must regularly reproduce. Thus, women must, whether at home or in the labor force, make the most of their physical appearance.So goes the ideology. It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in social life. There is a great deal of evidence that sex roles vary from society to society, and those role differences that do exist are largely learned.To a degree people actually believe that biology is fate and that nature is intended for men and women to make different contributions to society, but sex-defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable.26. Why is women’s place considered to be within the home to some extent?A. Because they are so weak that they can’t do outdoor jobs.B. Because they can provide children with much better care.C. Because they dislike to compete with men in any field.D. Because they are biologically fit for domestic jobs.27. In the author’s opinion, the difference of sex roles ______.A. is determined by social factorsB. is determined by emotional and physical factorsC. only depends on the education people receiveD. depends on biological and psychological factors28. The author thinks that women’s roles as nurses and clerks _____.A. indicate that women are important for these jobsB. are the extension of women’s household rolesC. reflect a basic difference between men and womenD. show clearly what women are good at29. According to the passage we can know that _____.A. people think the different roles men and women play in society are determined by nature to some extentB. men can provide whatever women and children need in the competitive worldC. men are unable to do the job such as social workers and secretariesD. it is necessary for each to play sex-defined roles in social life30. What’s the author’s attitude towards the ideology that biology is fate?A. ApprovingB. IndifferentC. ObjectiveD. DisapprovingPassage 3.Unlike written language, speech itself was not a technology devised to overcome human limitations in the face of social and environmental changes. In this sense, spoken language isn’t a technology at all. Though humans created or devised particular spoken languages, we did not create or devise spoken language itself any more than we created our circulatory systems.Our ability to speak language is an inborn characteristic of our species. We carry in our genes and our brains the capacity for spoken language. If the day ever arrives when we abandon spoken language and the sign languages used by people with hearing and speaking disabilities, we will be waving good-bye to the species of human beings that we are.In contrast to written language, spoken and sign languages are user friendly. As very young children, we just start speaking or signing; we don’t have to spend years in school learning to speak. Nor does spoken language divide the world’s populationthe way written language does --- dividing humanity into those who can read and write and those who are nonliterate. Everyone who is mentally and physically able can speak a language.Historically, spoken language came to human before written language. Biologically, speech or sign language has to come to each child before literacy. This is because written language are symbolic representations of spoken languages. Had we no spoken language, we could not have created written language.Written language may have emerged as the primary method used to store and retrieve information in certain areas of the world, but it is based on and derived from spoken language.In the twenty-first century, people with access to voice-in/ voice-out computer technology will once again be able to use spoken language to access all stored information. Talking computer are going to make writing,reading, spelling, punctuation, written numerals and all other notational systems out of date.The obituary(讣告)for written language will not be written. It will be spoken by someone talking to VIVO computer in 2050.31. It can be inferred from the last sentence of Paragraph 2 that ______.A. human beings will never abandon spoken and sign languagesB. human beings will abandon spoken and sign languages one dayC. people with hearing and speaking disabilities will never abandon spoken and sign languagesD. people don’t have to spend years in school learning to speak32. The expression “user friendly” in paragraph 3 probably means ________.A. are friendly to usersB. are easy for users to useC. are friendly usersD. are friends of users33. The word “ nonliterate” (Par.3) probably means “________”.A. able to read and writeB. unable to read and writeC. able to listen and speakD. unable to listen and speak34. According to the author, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Written language was a technology devised to overcome human limitations.B. In the 21 century, talking computers will make it possible for people to use spoken language to access all stored information.C. In the 21 century, talking computers are unlikely to make written language disappear from the earth.D. The death of written language will be announced by someone who is talking to a talking computer.35. The best title of this passage is: ________.A. The Power of SpeechB. The Power of Written LanguageC. Spoken Language --- an Inborn AbilityD. The Replacement of Spoken Language by Written LanguagePassage 4When Columbus reached the New World, corn was the most widely grown plant in the Americas. A study by an American professor who was an important figure in the field of American history, has shown that thisplant’s range extended from what is now southern Canada to lower South America. At that time some tribes cultivated it at sea level, others at elevation of more 11,000 feet. It could grow in almost every corner of Americas simply because its strong flexibility to various weathers.“Columbus had no way of knowing that corn was far more valuable than the spices and gold he had hoped to find,” said Frances B. King, a professor at a university of Pittsburgh. At Columbus time, corn was rather strong but short. Through human intervention, this plant has developed into several hundred races, or varieties. Their heights vary from 2 to 12 feet, and their maturity ranges from little more than 2 months to almost a year.Their ears vary not only in color, but also in size. Unlike other cereals, corn bears little resemblance to its wild ancestors. In fact, it differs from the appearance of its immediate ancestors more than any other cultivated plant known. From humble origins as a lowland grass, corn developed into western world’s important grain, which is now widely used to feed cattle, or domestic animals and even human beings. As its high yields allowed communities to grow far beyond what early agriculture could feed, most scientists viewed corn as having largely fueled pre-Columbian growth and civilization. Now, new findings are greatly altering researchers’ notions about the time when corn revolution occurred. The findings were obtained through several years’ research and field investigation by a great number of scientists. New dates for its emergence from Mesoamenrica do not support the widely held view. The evidence now suggests that the signs of corn in Americas can date back 5,500 years at least.36. The first paragraph states that corn ______.A. was mainly grown at sea levelB. was not grown below the elevation of 11,000 feetC. was widely grown in Canada onlyD. spread throughout Americas37. The second paragraph implies that _______.A. the purpose of Columbus’ exploration was to discover cornB. corn was one of Columbus’ discoveries, but more precious than anything elseC. Columbus knew corn so well that he brought back to Europe at onceD. Corn was the only Columbus’ discovery that was remembered38. According to the passage, some varieties of corn can _______.A. ripen little more than 2 monthsB. last little more than 2 monthsC. stay fresh for almost a yearD. stay alive from 2 months to almost a year39. Corn helped the early communities to grow because _______.A. it was easy to digestB. it had a lot of varietiesC. it could produce high yieldsD. it could last long40. The widely held view was challenged by ______.A. a new revolutionB. new findings about cornC. the signs of corn 5,500 years agoD. new dates for communities’ emergence III. Translation A (20 points)Directions: Translate the following passages into Chinese. Please write your version in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.1. To an Asian colors are full of beliefs, religious and otherwise. To the Chinese, red is very lucky, but to Thais yellow brings good fortune. The combination of blue, black, and white is, to the Chinese, suggestive of a funeral. Color is a touch thing. Advertisers are advised to take into consideration the religious and superstitious beliefs connected with colors before using them. The color combinations of green and purple are acceptable throughout Asia as these colors seem to have been worn by religious leaders in earlier times.2. There were reasons for this marked shift of national emphasis from political affairs to the great development of the nation’s economy and industry. The nation at large was exhausted from the Civil War. By the 1870’s, most Americans felt that it was time to turn to building their own lives. At the same time, the post-war expansion of railroad transportation, and the exploitation of steam and electrical power obviously played major roles. Equally important too, was the vast physical size of the nation itself with its endless supply of resources ---iron, coal copper, gold, etc. Almost all these lay waiting after the war, inviting exploitation. IV. Translation B (15 points)Directions: Translate the following passages into English. Please write your version in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET.1. 城镇化(urbanization)是指农村人口向城市迁移的过程。

2016江苏南京航空航天大学翻译硕士法语考研真题I: Structure grammaticale et vocabulaire (20%)1. C’est une maladie qui est facile _________ guérir.A. pourB. deC. àD. en2. Ma mère m’a empêché de sortir ________ un temps si froid.A. parB. dansC. durantD. sous3. – Voulez-vous du café?- Oui, donnez-_______ une tasse! Merci.A. m’enB. le-moiC. me-leD. moi4. Le médecin me conseille de rester _________ lit et _______ boire beaucoup d’eau.A. au; pourB. sur le; àC. au; deD. dans; de5. __________ trente candidats, douze ont étéreçus.A. ParmiB. SurC. DansD. En6. Notre ami nous a réservédes chambres dans _________ hôtel.A. ceB. cetteC. cetD. ces7. Est-ce que les filles __________ les mains avant de se mettre à table.A. sont lavésB. se sont lavésC. se sont lavéesD. se sont lavé8. Elle me disait que son mari ________ la rejoindre à Paris.A. viendraitB. venaitC. viendraD. sera venu9. De nous tous, c’est elle qui danse _________.A. mieuxB. le mieuxC. bienD. très bien10. Personne ne songeait à _________ les bonnes manières.A. le faire apprendreB. lui étudierC. lui faire apprendreD. lui fait apprendre11. Mon ordinateur ne fonctionne plus, je demande à mon père de me prêter ________ .A. leB. enC. le leurD. le sien12. Elles étaient ________ heureuses à l’idée de partir.A. toutB. touteC. toutesD. touts13. Je suis désolé de vous __________ attendre si longtemps.A. faireB. avoir faitC. faitesD. laisser14. J’ai perdu mon chien et j’ai cherché partout, mais je ne l’ai vu ________ part.A. aucuneB. touteC. nulleD. autre15. _________ il fasse mauvais, je sortirai avec des amis.A. Quoi queB. QuelqueC. C’est queD. Quoique16. Mon frère __________ réussir s’il travaillait plus dur.A. pourraitB. pouvaitC. pourraD. puisse17. Ils ont passé __________ nombreuses années en France.A. deB. lesC. desD. pour18. Ma soeur a des cheveux __________ longs.A. toutesB. toutC. tousD. toute19. –Quelle leçon avez-vous ________ hier?– Nous avons appris la lecon 3.A. priseB. apprisC. appriseD. pris20. – Avez-vous déjà parlé de cette maison à votre femme?- Oui, je _______ ai parlé.A. le luiB. lui enC. lui l’D. en luiII. Compréhension écrite. (10%)Texte 1 La protection des animauxTu seras surpris par le nombre d’espèces animals en danger: 10 000 pour la plan ète, et plus de 46 pour l’Europe. Qui est responsable de cette situation? L’homme, bien sûr, qui est le premier chasseur de l’animal. Il ne chasse plus pour se nourrir, mais pour se divertir, pour la peau de l’animal ou simplement parce qu’il pense qu’il est nuisible. C’est pourquoi le loup et l’ours brun, autrefois très nombreux en Europe, font partie, à présent, des espèces les plus en danger. L’agriculture intensive, la déforestation, l’expansion des villes, le tourisme augmentent la vuln é-rabilité de beaucoup d’espèces:leur espace pour vivre est plus réduit et la nourriture moins abondante.A part la convention de Berne en Europe qui permet de protéger la faune et la flore en voie d’extinction, chaque pays de l’Union a adopté des mesures spéciales particulièrement menacées. Les parcs nationaux sont souvent la meilleure solution pour la sauvegarde de l’espèce.21. Pourquoi les espèces animales sont menacées? Laquelle des causes citéesci-dessous estfausse?a. Parce que le nombre de villes ne cesse de s’élever.b. Parce que les forêts disparaissent.c. Parce que qu’on a établi trop de sites touristiques.d. Parce qu’on mange plus d’animaux sauvages.22. Pourquoi l’homme d’aujourd’hui continue à chasser l’animal? Laquelle des causesci-dessous est fausse?a. Parce qu’il ne peut pas manger à sa faim.b. Parce que la chasse constitue une des activités de loisir pour l’homme.c. Parce que la peau de l’animal lui est utile.d. Parce qu’il pense que l’animal lui ferait du mal.23. Parmi les descriptions consacrées à la situation actuelle de l’animal, laquelle ne correspond pas à la réalité?a. L’animal a moins d’espace pour vivre à cause de l’expansion des activités humaines.b. L’animal a plus de difficultés à trouver de quoi manger.c. Le loup et l’ours brun n’en sont pas moins nombreux qu’avant.d. Des mesures ont été prises en vue de protéger les espèces animals en danger.24. Pourquoi l’Europe a-t-elle lancé la convention de Berne?a. C’est pour protéger les plantes en danger.b. C’est pour protéger les animaux en danger.c. C’est pour protéger les plantes et les animaux en danger.d. C’est pour encourager les pays d’Europe à créer des parcs nationaux.25. Combien d’espèces animales sont en danger au-delà de l’Europe?a. 10,000b. 46c. 2,954d. environ 9,950Texte 2 Le mass médiaEvènement politique ou économique, exploit sportif ou catastrophe: la radio est g énéralement la première à informer le public, immédiatement, à toute heure de la journ ée. Très rapidement, elle donne la parole aux témoins, interviewe des spécialistes et des personnalités, complète l’information au fur et à mesure pour finalement faire le point dans les journaux de mi-journée ou fin d’après-midi.La télévision réagit presque aussi rapidement, mais recherche le spectaculaire. Vers 13 heures et surtout en fin de journée, elle veut frapper les téléspectateurs par des images accompagnées de réactions à chaud.Commentaires, explications, prises de position, analyses sont le domaine de la presse écrite qui prend du recul par rapport au fait brut. Pour elle, il s’agit plus de faire comprendre que de montrer. La presse écrite quotidienne a malheureusement un gros handicap: il se passe beaucoup de temps entre l’évènement et la parution du journal, surtout le week-end, presque la plupart des journaux ne paraissent pas le dimanche.Les journaux du matin ignorent ce qui s’est passé la nuit précédente, et si les journaux du soir comme le Monde peuvent réagir aux événements de la matinée ou en début de l’après-midi à la grande satisfaction des Parisiens, ils ne pourront être lus que le lendemain par les provinciaux.Celui qui veut limiter le handicap-temps des journaux et qui ne veut pas se contenter des faits présentés par la radio ou la télévision peut, grâce à Internet et au Minitel, s’informer directement auprès des agences de presse, consulter plusieurs journaux des leur parution et regarder les images proposés par les chaînes de t élévision françaises et étrangères.Toutes les grandes industries (exploitations pétrolières, agricoles, chimiques) devront baisser leur production et développer une politique de sauvegarde de l’environnement.Le premier minister japonais refuse de participer à ce projet. Il n’accepte pas de revoir sa production industrielle nationale. Il a violemment protesté mais il n’a pas eu le choix. Il a dû accepter la décision de la majorité en signant l’accord international contre la pollution.De plus, au cours de cette réunion, les premiers ministres ont ajouté que ce probl ème n’était pas seulement le problème des enterprises. En effet, le plus important est d’essayer de faire comprendre que ce problème est celui de tout le monde. Si nous ne changeons pas nos habitudes,nous détruirons la Terre.26. Ce texte est _____________.a. un article de magazineb. un article d’un quotidianc. un récitd. un roman policier27. De quel type d’information s’agit-il?a. Il s’agit d’une information culturelle.b. Il s’agit d’un fait divers.c. Il s’agit d’une information politique.d. Il s’agit d’un évènement artistique.28. Que veulent essayer de faire les premiers ministres?a. Ils veulent augmenter les productions industrielles.b. Ils veulent diminuer les productions industrielles.c. Ils veulent développer l’industrie.d. Ils veulent ralentir l’évolution d’agriculture.29. Le premier minister japonais ne veut pas __________.a. de pollution dans son pays.b. signer l’accord internantional contre la pollution.c. augmenter la production industrielle de son pays.d. déveloper l’industrie dans son pays.30. Si nous ne changeons rien, quel sera le résultat?a. un grand danger pour notre Terreb. moins de pollutionc. la même Terre dans 20 ansd. une Terre plus fécondeIII. Version (30%)1. Un méchant cache de la dynamite dans la voiture du héros pour le faire sauter: la voiture a en effet explosé. Mais, plus de la moitié de la salle sait bien que le héros n’a pas sauté avec elle.2. Il la suivait. Elle se sentait inquiète. Que fallait-il faire? Elle est tourn ée au coin de la rue et s’est mise à courir en regardant de temps en temps derri ère elle.3. La maison est située à quinze minutes de la plage et nous pouvons, si vous le désirez, mettre à votre disposition des bicyclettes.4. Alors que les adolescents songent à l’avenir et aux possibilités qu’il offre, leurs parents commencent à penser aux années écoulées et aux oppotunités qui se rar éfient.5. Le fabuleux destin d’Amélie Poulain est vraiment un film amusant, émouvant, po étique qui met en scène de nombreux personnages plus attachants les uns que les autres.6. J’ai dû attendre d’avoir cinq ans pour pouvoir descendre toute seule dans la rue et dix ans pour remonter, parce que je n’arrivais pas à attraper le bouton de l’ascenseur.IV. Thème: (25%)1. 地铁比汽车快，而大区快线又比地铁快，但开得最快的是高速列车。

JLPT日本语能力考N2真题阅读翻译（2016年12月）仅供参考，如有疑问请联系。

【问题9】以下是杂志的栏目。

日本开始的厕所标志公厕入口画的男女的图片标志。

有那个标志的话，即使没有用文字写“厕所”大家也知道那里是厕所。

世界各地使用的这个厕所标志实际上是日本诞生的，大家知道吗？厕所标志诞生的契机是1964年东京奥林匹克运动会的举行。

东京奥运会是首个在不使用拉丁字母国家举行的奥运会，最大的问题就是语言障碍。

当时日本国内的指引牌上基本上都是用日语写着“洗手间”。

但是这样的话来自世界90多个国家的运动员就看不懂了。

话虽如此，但又不能用所有国家的语言写上。

为了让所有国家的人都能看懂，于是制作指引牌的工作人员就想到了用图画的形式来表示。

就这样厕所的标志诞生了。

另外还有，表示食堂、澡堂、公共电话等地方的标志和表示游泳、排球等比赛的标志也制作出来了。

表示比赛项目的标志，首次在此次奥运会得到全面使用，受到了好评。

而且在之后的奥运会中，虽说设计有所改变，但每次都有使用。

以厕所标志为代表的、以东京奥运会为契机诞生的所有标志，跨越了语言障碍，现在作为新的交流方式，广布世界。

那一定是（让所有人都容易理解）这份心意传遍了世界的结果。

【问题10】（1）“规则”为何存在呢。

为了理解运动首先要明确的是“运动是让人类享受的东西”。

这是出发点。

绝不是“世上不可缺少的东西”也不是生存不可或缺的东西，是为了享受而存在的东西，为了能享受运动，规则才存在。

而且在规则的约束下一分胜负，如果这样做感觉不到乐趣的话，做运动的价值就没有了。

（2）以下是某公司内部的文件。

各位员工关于使用暖气的拜托事项。

严冬伊始，暖气用量大增，12月的电费较上月增长了30%。

为节约用电，请把室内温度设定在22度以下，记得关掉空房间的暖气，千万不要忘记下班时关掉所有暖气。

还有，请通过增减衣服等方法保暖，不要过度依赖暖气，请多多配合。

（3）为实现“做想做之事”的目标，实际上仅仅（一个劲地达成眼前的目标）就足够了。

2016年南京航空航天大学硕士研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉2.domestic airport_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(国内机场)3.international airline_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(国际航线)4.space craft_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(宇宙飞船)5.radio navigation_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(无线电导航)6.electronic age_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(电子时代)7.tour arrangement_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(旅游安排)8.VIP room_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(贵宾室)9.boarding gate_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(登机门)10.public relationship_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(公共关系)11.aircraft carrier_________________________________________________________________________________正确答案(航空母舰)12.wireless network_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(无线网络)13.air crew_________________________________________________________________________________ _________正确答案(空勤人员；机组人员)14.the Belt and Road_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(一带一路)15.heating system_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(供暖系统)16.anti-ice_________________________________________________________________________________ _________正确答案(防结冰)17.汉译英_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________18.黑匣子_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(black box)19.外层空间_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(outer space)20.免税店_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(duty-free shop)21.旅行支票_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(traveler's cheque)22.单程_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(one-way)23.国际电话_________________________________________________________________________________正确答案(international call)24.更改航班_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(rescheduling a flight)25.参数_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(parameter)26.救生筏_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(life raft)27.乘务员_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(steward)28.经济舱_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(economy class／coach class)29.红眼航班_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(red-eye flight)30.当地时间_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(local time)31.危险品_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(hazardous article)32.座位号_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案(seat number)二、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：8.00)33.英译汉34.The word "highway" is a misleading name of this phenomenon. This "highway" is morea social and commercial environment than a static network. The "highway" is composed of a network, and computing resources, but more importantly, the "highway" defines a new environment for people, and organizations to interact and communicate with each other. It is for these reasons that the building of such a "highway" must be done as a cooperative task force, rather than the more traditional service provider/ user model that has been。

2016年南京航空航天大学外国语学院243俄语考研真题及详解ЧТЕНИЕ(30баллов,50минут)Прочитайтеследующиемикротекстыиподчеркнитеответ,соответствующийсодержаниюпрочитанного.Микротекст1Сегодняпраздник8марта.Вэтотденьмужчиныпоздравляютженщин.УтромпапаиВовапоздравилиспраздникоммаму,бабушкуиТамару.Папаподарилвсемцветы.Папасказал:«Сегодняхорошийдень.Солнце.Кудавыхотитепоехать—впаркилинавыставку?»Тамарасказала:«Папа,поедемнамашиневлес.Ну,пожалуйста!»—Хорошо,сейчаспойдузамашиной,—ответилпапа.Через15минутвсепоехаливлесигулялитамвесьдень.1)Счемпоздравилимаму,бабушкуиТамару?А.СМеждународнымженскимднём.Б.Спервомайскимпраздником.В.СпраздникомОктября.2)Какаясегодняпогода?А.Дождливая.Б.Пасмурная.В.Солнечная.3)Кудаонипоехаливместе?А.Влес.Б.Навыставку.В.Впарк.【答案与解析】1.А问题是：妈妈、奶奶和塔玛拉庆祝了什么节日？由原文第一段前两句可知，今天是3月8号，庆祝国际妇女节。

2.В问题是：今天天气怎么样？由原文第二段前两句可知，今天天气很好，是晴天。

翻译硕⼠《359⽇语翻译基础》专⽤教材-第2章⽇译汉【圣才出品】第2章　⽇译汉2.1　⼤纲要求1．考试要求要求应试者具备⽇汉互译的基本技巧和能⼒；初步了解中国和⽬的语国家的社会、⽂化等背景知识；译⽂忠实原⽂，⽆明显误译、漏译；译⽂通顺，⽤词正确、表达基本⽆误；译⽂⽆明显语法错误；⽇译汉速度每⼩时250-350个⽇语单词，汉译⽇速度每⼩时150-250个汉字。

2．题型要求考⽣较为准确地翻译出所给的⽂章，⽇译汉为250-350个单词，汉译⽇为150-250个汉字，各占60分，总分150分。

考试时间为180分钟。

2.2　应试指南第⼀节　⽇译汉概论（⼀）翻译的定义翻译，是指在准确通顺的基础上，把⼀种语⾔信息转变成另⼀种语⾔信息的⾏为；是把⼀种语⾔⽂字的意义⽤另⼀种语⾔⽂字表达出来的⼀种创造性的语⾔活动；是将⼀种相对陌⽣的表达⽅式，转换成相对熟悉的表达⽅式的过程。

其中“翻”是指交谈的语⾔转换，“译”是指单向陈述的语⾔转换。

翻译在语⾔转换的过程中，既是⼀种创造，也是⼀种具有⽂学性和科学性的艺术创造。

翻译对于⽇本⽂化的形成和发展尤为重要，因为历史上⽇本正是通过外来书籍的⼤量引进和翻译，积极主动地与中国⽂化和西⽅⽂化进⾏交流和学习，从⽽丰富和发展了富有特⾊的⽇本⽂化的，甚⾄可以说⽇本的⽂化史就是⼀部翻译的⽂化史。

特别值得重视的是近代以后因为⽇语的翻译书籍扼要地介绍了西⽅近代思想学说和科学技术的概要，所以19世纪下半叶和20世纪初中国的翻译家们反过来⼜把翻译⽇语书籍当做吸收西⽅先进⽂化的捷径。

在这种再翻译的过程中⼤量的⽇语词汇进⼊了汉语，⽇本⼈合成的观念、解说也同样对中国的现代化进程产⽣了很⼤影响。

从这个意义上说，⽇本的翻译活动不仅对⽇本⽂化本⾝产⽣了巨⼤影响，⽽且对中国⽂化也产⽣了深刻的影响。

（⼆）翻译的标准⼀般来说，翻译的标准主要有两条：忠实和通顺。

忠实与通顺是相辅相成的。

忠实是指译者忠实于原⽂所要传递的内容，把原⽂的信息完整⽽准确地表达出来，不能对原⽂的内容进⾏歪曲或遗漏、篡改。

南京航空航天大学
2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:359
满分:150 分
科目名称:日语翻译基础
注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！
一、次の日本語を中国語に訳してください。

（1*15＝15点）
1.山紫水明
2.立入禁止
3.スポンサー
4.増税先送り
5.背広
6.自画自賛
7.育成
8.記者会見
9.研鑽に没頭する
10.ニックネーム
11.ボランティア活動
12.コンビニ
13.職人
14.当社
15.贋物
二、次の中国語を日本語に訳してください。

（1*15＝15点）
1.研究生
2.团队精神
3.特朗普
4.快餐
5.独创性
科目代码：359科目名称：日语翻译基础第1页共3页。

南京航空航天大学2016年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题 A卷 科目代码:211满分:100 分科目名称:翻译硕士英语注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Columbus' decision to sail west to reach the East _____ on his belief that the earth was round.A. existedB. satC. relaxedD. rested2. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _____ movie could not hold our attention.A. three-hoursB. three-hourC. three-hours'D. three-hour's3. Difficulties can _____ a person's best qualities.A. bring upB. bring outC. bring aboutD. bring to4. Doctors sometimes _____ old cures when modern medicine doesn't work.A. fall onB. fall down onC. fall back onD. fall in upon5. Does brain power _____ as we get older? Scientists now have some surprising answers.A. descendB. declineC. deduceD. collapse6. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _____ it comes to classroom tests.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. after7. Don't worry. The company will _____ all your expense.A. satisfyB. meetC. payD. submit8. Eventually, people spread throughout the continent, ______ the entire species.A. wiping outB. wiping awayC. wiping offD. wiping up9. Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to ______ healthy.A. preserveB. stayC. maintainD. reserve10. Faced with the ______ difficulties, they are determined to carry on their program.A. satisfactoryB. attributableC. innocentD. intangible11. Fewer and fewer of today's workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, ______ the samecompany.A. all elseB. much worseC. let aloneD. less likely12. Flying in an airplane was once thought to be an impossible ______.A. taskB. professionC. promiseD. contest13. Fresh vegetables are straight from the ______ and raw vegetables are ______.A. earth...cookedB. soil...uncookedC. floor...cookedD. ground...uncooked14. Such poets as Shakespeare ________ widely read，of whose works，however，some ________ difficult tounderstand.A．are；are B．is；is C．are；is D．is；are15. Three quarters of the forest ________ burnt to ashes and the rest ________ cut down for construction.A．was；has been B．was；have been C．have been；is D．are；has been16. It is well admitted that the high ______ rate is caused in part by failure to communicate.A. unemploymentB. birthC. divorceD. inflation17. Fumes from the exhaust of an automobile are ______.A. notoriousB. anxiousC. noxiousD. delicious18. George wasn't in class today, Professor Brown excused him ______.A. from attendingB. of attendingC. to attendD. attending19. Cleaning out the basement was a ______job.A. tediousB. miserableC. marvelousD. desirable20. Hamlet _____ his father's death on his uncle.A. reversedB. revertedC. revengedD. revealedII. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1The Internet can make the news more democratic, giving the public a chance to ask questions and seek out facts behind stories and candidates, according to the head of the largest US on-line service.“But the greatest potential for public participation is still in the future,” Steven Case, chairman of America On-line, told a recent meeting on Journalism and the Internet sponsored by The Freedom Forum, though other speakers say the new technology of computers is changing the face of journalism, giving reporters access to more information and their readers a chance to ask questions and turn to different sources.“You don’t have to buy a newspaper and be confined to the four corners of that paper anymore,” Sam Meddis, on-line technology editor at USA Today, observed about the variety of information available to computer users.But the speakers noted the easy access to the Internet also means anyone can post information for others to see. “Anyone can say anything they want, whether it’s right or wrong,” said Case. Readers have to determine or themselves who to trust. “In a world of almost infinite voices, respected journalists and respected brand names will probably become more important, not less,” Case said.The Internet today is about where radio was 80 years ago, or television 50 years ago or cable 25 years ago, he said. But it is growing rapidly because it provides people fast access to news and a chance to comment on it. He forecast increased political participation on-line in this year and in 2000 with politicians able to answer directly to the public --- an opportunity to increase voter turnout and for politicians to raise funds from the public.21. The main topic of this passage is ________.A. the development of journalismB. the rapid development of the InternetC. the effect of the Internet has on journalismD. the advantages of the Internet22. It can be inferred from this passage that _______ may NOT be regarded as the advantages of the Internet?A. the news can be made more democraticB. the public can turn to different sourcesC. the public can get a chance to ask questionsD. anything can be posted on the Internet for others to see23. The correct order for the appearance of the four technologies is ______.A. Internet-cable-television-radioB. radio-television-cable-InternetC．radio-cable-television-Internet D. Television-radio-cable-Internet24. Which of the following statements is true?A. Only respected journalists can post information on the Internet for others to see.B. Respected journalists will probably become more important than before.C. Everyone is using the Internet now.D. The greatest potential of public participation of the Internet is in the near future.25. On the whole, the attitude Steven Case holds for the Internet’s future development is ___________.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC．doubtful D. unknownPassage 2Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology(观念) that biology is fate. According to this ideology, basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes. These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life. Women are the weaker sex both physically and emotionally. Thus, they are naturally suited, much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties. A woman’s place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment of the home. Nature has determined that women play caretaker roles, such as wife and mother and homemaker. On the other hand, men are best suited to go out into the competitive world of work and politics, where serious responsibilities must be taken on. Men are to be the providers; women and children are “dependents”.The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex. It is thus appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an extension of women’s domestic role. Informal differences between “women’s work” and “men’s work” in the labor force, according to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes.Finally, the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way. For the human species to survive over time, its members must regularly reproduce. Thus, women must, whether at home or in the labor force, make the most of their physical appearance.So goes the ideology. It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in social life. There is a great deal of evidence that sex roles vary from society to society, and those role differences that do exist are largely learned.To a degree people actually believe that biology is fate and that nature is intended for men and women to make different contributions to society, but sex-defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable.26. Why is women’s place considered to be within the home to some extent?A. Because they are so weak that they can’t do outdoor jobs.B. Because they can provide children with much better care.C. Because they dislike to compete with men in any field.D. Because they are biologically fit for domestic jobs.27. In the author’s opinion, the difference of sex roles ______.A. is determined by social factorsB. is determined by emotional and physical factorsC. only depends on the education people receiveD. depends on biological and psychological factors28. The author thinks that women’s roles as nurses and clerks _____.A. indicate that women are important for these jobsB. are the extension of women’s household rolesC. reflect a basic difference between men and womenD. show clearly what women are good at29. According to the passage we can know that _____.A. people think the different roles men and women play in society are determined by nature to some extentB. men can provide whatever women and children need in the competitive worldC. men are unable to do the job such as social workers and secretariesD. it is necessary for each to play sex-defined roles in social life30. What’s the author’s attitude towards the ideology that biology is fate?A. ApprovingB. IndifferentC. ObjectiveD. DisapprovingPassage 3.Unlike written language, speech itself was not a technology devised to overcome human limitations in the face of social and environmental changes. In this sense, spoken language isn’t a technology at all. Though humans created or devised particular spoken languages, we did not create or devise spoken language itself any more than we created our circulatory systems.Our ability to speak language is an inborn characteristic of our species. We carry in our genes and our brains the capacity for spoken language. If the day ever arrives when we abandon spoken language and the sign languages used by people with hearing and speaking disabilities, we will be waving good-bye to the species of human beings that we are.In contrast to written language, spoken and sign languages are user friendly. As very young children, we just start speaking or signing; we don’t have to spend years in school learning to speak. Nor does spoken language divide the world’s population the way written language does --- dividing humanity into those who can read and write and those who are nonliterate. Everyone who is mentally and physically able can speak a language.Historically, spoken language came to human before written language. Biologically, speech or sign language has to come to each child before literacy. This is because written language are symbolic representations of spoken languages. Had we no spoken language, we could not have created written language. Written language may have emerged as the primary method used to store and retrieve information in certain areas of the world, but it is based on and derived from spoken language.In the twenty-first century, people with access to voice-in/ voice-out computer technology will once again be able to use spoken language to access all stored information. Talking computer are going to make writing, reading, spelling, punctuation, written numerals and all other notational systems out of date.The obituary(讣告)for written language will not be written. It will be spoken by someone talking to VIVO computer in 2050.31. It can be inferred from the last sentence of Paragraph 2 that ______.A. human beings will never abandon spoken and sign languagesB. human beings will abandon spoken and sign languages one dayC. people with hearing and speaking disabilities will never abandon spoken and sign languagesD. people don’t have to spend years in school learning to speak32. The expression “user friendly” in paragraph 3 probably means ________.A. are friendly to usersB. are easy for users to useC. are friendly usersD. are friends of users33. The word “ nonliterate” (Par.3) probably means “________”.A. able to read and writeB. unable to read and writeC. able to listen and speakD. unable to listen and speak34. According to the author, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Written language was a technology devised to overcome human limitations.B. In the 21 century, talking computers will make it possible for people to use spoken language to access allstored information.C. In the 21 century, talking computers are unlikely to make written language disappear from the earth.D. The death of written language will be announced by someone who is talking to a talking computer.35. The best title of this passage is: ________.A. The Power of SpeechB. The Power of Written LanguageC. Spoken Language --- an Inborn AbilityD. The Replacement of Spoken Language by Written LanguagePassage 4When Columbus reached the New World, corn was the most widely grown plant in the Americas. A study by an American professor who was an important figure in the field of American history, has shown that this plant’s range extended from what is now southern Canada to lower South America. At that time some tribes cultivated it at sea level, others at elevation of more 11,000 feet. It could grow in almost every corner of Americas simply because its strong flexibility to various weathers.“Columbus had no way of knowing that corn was far more valuable than the spices and gold he had hoped to find,” said Frances B. King, a professor at a university of Pittsburgh. At Columbus time, corn was rather strong but short. Through human intervention, this plant has developed into several hundred races, or varieties. Their heights vary from 2 to 12 feet, and their maturity ranges from little more than 2 months to almost a year. Their ears vary not only in color, but also in size.Unlike other cereals, corn bears little resemblance to its wild ancestors. In fact, it differs from the appearance of its immediate ancestors more than any other cultivated plant known. From humble origins as a lowland grass, corn developed into western world’s important grain, which is now widely used to feed cattle, or domestic animals and even human beings. As its high yields allowed communities to grow far beyond what early agriculture could feed, most scientists viewed corn as having largely fueled pre-Columbian growth and civilization. Now, new findings are greatly altering researchers’ notions about the time when corn revolution occurred. The findings were obtained through several years’ research and field investigation by a great number of scientists. New dates for its emergence from Mesoamenrica do not support the widely held view. The evidence now suggests that the signs of corn in Americas can date back 5,500 years at least.36. The first paragraph states that corn ______.A. was mainly grown at sea levelB. was not grown below the elevation of 11,000 feetC. was widely grown in Canada onlyD. spread throughout Americas37. The second paragraph implies that _______.A. the purpose of Columbus’ exploration was to discover cornB. corn was one of Columbus’ discoveries, but more precious than anything elseC. Columbus knew corn so well that he brought back to Europe at onceD. Corn was the only Columbus’ discovery that was remembered38. According to the passage, some varieties of corn can _______.A. ripen little more than 2 monthsB. last little more than 2 monthsC. stay fresh for almost a yearD. stay alive from 2 months to almost a year39. Corn helped the early communities to grow because _______.A. it was easy to digestB. it had a lot of varietiesC. it could produce high yieldsD. it could last long40. The widely held view was challenged by ______.A. a new revolutionB. new findings about cornC. the signs of corn 5,500 years agoD. new dates for communities’ emergenceIII. Translation A (20 points)Directions: Translate the following passages into Chinese. Please write your version in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.1.To an Asian colors are full of beliefs, religious and otherwise. To the Chinese, red is very lucky, but toThais yellow brings good fortune. The combination of blue, black, and white is, to the Chinese, suggestive of a funeral. Color is a touch thing. Advertisers are advised to take into consideration the religious and superstitious beliefs connected with colors before using them. The color combinations of green and purple are acceptable throughout Asia as these colors seem to have been worn by religious leaders in earlier times.2.There were reasons for this marked shift of national emphasis from political affairs to the greatdevelopment of the nation’s economy and industry. The nation at large was exhausted from the Civil War.By the 1870’s, most Americans felt that it was time to turn to building their own lives. At the same time, the post-war expansion of railroad transportation, and the exploitation of steam and electrical power obviously played major roles. Equally important too, was the vast physical size of the nation itself with its endless supply of resources ---iron, coal copper, gold, etc. Almost all these lay waiting after the war, inviting exploitation.IV. Translation B (15 points)Directions: Translate the following passages into English. Please write your version in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET.1. 城镇化(urbanization)是指农村人口向城市迁移的过程。

南京航空航天大学2016年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题 A卷 科目代码:214满分:100 分科目名称:翻译硕士法语注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I: Structure grammaticale et vocabulaire (20%)1.C’est une maladie qui est facile _________ guérir.A. pourB. deC. àD. en2.Ma mère m’a empêchéde sortir ________ un temps si froid.A. parB. dansC. durantD. sous3.– V oulez-vous du café?- Oui, donnez-_______ une tasse! Merci.A. m’enB. le-moiC. me-leD. moi4.Le médecin me conseille de rester _________ lit et _______ boire beaucoup d’eau.A. au; pourB. sur le; àC. au; deD. dans; de5.__________ trente candidats, douze ont été reçus.A. ParmiB. SurC. DansD. En6.Notre ami nous a réservédes chambres dans _________ hôtel.A. ceB. cetteC. cetD. ces7.Est-ce que les filles __________ les mains avant de se mettre à table.A. sont lavésB. se sont lavésC. se sont lavéesD. se sont lavé8.Elle me disait que son mari ________ la rejoindre à Paris.A. viendraitB. venaitC. viendraD. sera venu9.De nous tous, c’est elle qui danse _________.A. mieuxB. le mieuxC. bienD. très bien10.Personne ne songeait à_________ les bonnes manières.A. le faire apprendreB. lui étudierC. lui faire apprendreD. lui fait apprendre11.Mon ordinateur ne fonctionne plus, je demande à mon père de me prêter ________ .A. leB. enC. le leurD. le sien12.Elles étaient ________ heureuses à l’idée de partir.A. toutB. touteC. toutesD. touts13.Je suis désolé de vous __________ attendre si longtemps.A. faireB. avoir faitC. faitesD. laisser14.J’ai perdu mon chien et j’ai cherchépartout, mais je ne l’ai vu ________ part.A. aucuneB. touteC. nulleD. autre15._________ il fasse mauvais, je sortirai avec des amis.A. Quoi queB. QuelqueC. C’est queD. Quoique16.Mon frère __________ réussir s’il travaillait plus dur.A. pourraitB. pouvaitC. pourraD. puisse17.Ils ont passé __________ nombreuses années en France.A. deB. lesC. desD. pour18.Ma soeur a des cheveux __________ longs.A. toutesB. toutC. tousD. toute19.– Quelle leçon avez-vous ________ hier?– Nous avons appris la lecon 3.A. priseB. apprisC. appriseD. pris20.– Avez-vous déjà parléde cette maison à votre femme?- Oui, je _______ ai parlé.A. le luiB. lui enC. lui l’D. en luiII. Compréhension écrite. (10%)Texte 1 La protection des animauxTu seras surpris par le nombre d’espèces animals en danger: 10 000 pour la planète, et plus de 46 pour l’Europe. Qui est responsable de cette situation? L’homme, bien sûr, qui est le premier chasseur de l’animal. Il ne chasse plus pour se nourrir, mais pour se divertir, pour la peau de l’animal ou simplement parce qu’il pense qu’il est nuisible. C’est pourquoi le loup et l’ours brun, autrefois très nombreux en Europe, font partie, à présent, des espèces les plus en danger. L’agriculture intensive, la déforestation, l’expansion des villes, le tourisme augmentent la vulné-rabilité de beaucoup d’espèces:leur espace pour vivre est plus réduit et la nourriture moins abondante.A part la convention de Berne en Europe qui permet de protéger la faune et la flore en voie d’extinction, chaque pays de l’Union a adoptédes mesures spéciales particulièrement menacées. Les parcs nationaux sont souvent la meilleure solution pour la sauvegarde de l’espèce.21.Pourquoi les espèces animales sont menacées? Laquelle des causes citées ci-dessous estfausse?a.Parce que le nombre de villes ne cesse de s’élever.b.Parce que les forêts disparaissent.c.Parce que qu’on a établi trop de sites touristiques.d.Parce qu’on mange plus d’animaux sauvages.22.Pourquoi l’homme d’aujourd’hui continue à chasser l’animal? Laquelle des causesci-dessous est fausse?a.Parce qu’il ne peut pas manger à sa faim.b.Parce que la chasse constitue une des activités de loisir pour l’homme.c.Parce que la peau de l’animal lui est utile.d.Parce qu’il pense que l’animal lui ferait du mal.23.Parmi les descriptions consacrées àla situation actuelle de l’animal, laquelle ne correspondpas à la réalité?a.L’animal a moins d’espace pour vivre àcause de l’expansion des activités humaines.b.L’animal a plus de difficultés àtrouver de quoi manger.c.Le loup et l’ours brun n’en sont pas moins nombreux qu’avant.d.Des mesures ont étéprises en vue de protéger les espèces animals en danger.24.Pourquoi l’Europe a-t-elle lancéla convention de Berne?a.C’est pour protéger les plantes en danger.b.C’est pour protéger les animaux en danger.c.C’est pour protéger les plantes et les animaux en danger.d.C’est pour encourager les pays d’Europe à créer des parcs nationaux.bien d’espèces animales sont en danger au-delà de l’Europe?a. 10,000b. 46c. 2,954d. environ 9,950Texte 2 Le mass médiaEvènement politique ou économique, exploit sportif ou catastrophe: la radio est généralement la première à informer le public, immédiatement, à toute heure de la journée. Très rapidement, elle donne la parole aux témoins, interviewe des spécialistes et des personnalités, complète l’information au fur et àmesure pour finalement faire le point dans les journaux de mi-journée ou fin d’après-midi.La télévision réagit presque aussi rapidement, mais recherche le spectaculaire. Vers 13 heures et surtout en fin de journée, elle veut frapper les téléspectateurs par des images accompagnées de réactions à chaud.Commentaires, explications, prises de position, analyses sont le domaine de la presse écrite qui prend du recul par rapport au fait brut. Pour elle, il s’agit plus de faire comprendre que de montrer. La presse écrite quotidienne a malheureusement un gros handicap: il se passe beaucoup de temps entre l’évènement et la parution du journal, surtout le week-end, presque la plupart des journaux ne paraissent pas le dimanche.Les journaux du matin ignorent ce qui s’est passé la nuit précédente, et si les journaux du soir comme le Monde peuvent réagir aux événements de la matinée ou en début de l’après-midià la grande satisfaction des Parisiens, ils ne pourront être lus que le lendemain par les provinciaux.Celui qui veut limiter le handicap-temps des journaux et qui ne veut pas se contenter des faits présentés par la radio ou la télévision peut, grâce à Internet et au Minitel, s’informer directement auprès des agences de presse, consulter plusieurs journaux des leur parution et regarder les images proposés par les chaînes de télévision françaises et étrangères.Toutes les grandes industries (exploitations pétrolières, agricoles, chimiques) devront baisser leur production et développer une politique de sauvegarde de l’environnement.Le premier minister japonais refuse de participer àce projet. Il n’accepte pas de revoir sa production industrielle nationale. Il a violemment protesté mais il n’a pas eu le choix. Il a dû accepter la décision de la majoritéen signant l’accord international contre la pollution.De plus, au cours de cette réunion, les premiers ministres ont ajoutéque ce problème n’était pas seulement le problème des enterprises. En effet, le plus important est d’essayer de faire comprendre que ce problème est celui de tout le monde. Si nous ne changeons pas nos habitudes, nous détruirons la Terre.26.Ce texte est _____________.a. un article de magazineb. un article d’un quotidianc. un récitd. un roman policier27.De quel type d’information s’agit-il?a.Il s’agit d’une information culturelle.b. Il s’agit d’un fait divers.c.Il s’agit d’une information politique.d. Il s’agit d’un évènement artistique.28.Que veulent essayer de faire les premiers ministres?a.Ils veulent augmenter les productions industrielles.b.Ils veulent diminuer les productions industrielles.c.Ils veulent développer l’industrie.d.Ils veulent ralentir l’évolution d’agriculture.29.Le premier minister japonais ne veut pas __________.a.de pollution dans son pays.b.signer l’accord internantional contre la pollution.c.augmenter la production industrielle de son pays.d.déveloper l’industrie dans son pays.30.Si nous ne changeons rien, quel sera le résultat?a. un grand danger pour notre Terreb. moins de pollutionc. la même Terre dans 20 ansd. une Terre plus fécondeIII. Version (30%)1.Un méchant cache de la dynamite dans la voiture du héros pour le faire sauter: la voiture a eneffet explosé. Mais, plus de la moitiéde la salle sait bien que le héros n’a pas sauté avec elle.2.Il la suivait. Elle se sentait inquiète. Que fallait-il faire? Elle est tournée au coin de la rue ets’est mise àcourir en regardant de temps en temps derrière elle. maison est située àquinze minutes de la plage et nous pouvons, si vous le désirez, mettreàvotre disposition des bicyclettes.4.Alors que les adolescents songent à l’avenir et aux possibilités qu’il offre, leurs parentscommencent àpenser aux années écoulées et aux oppotunités qui se raréfient.5.Le fabuleux destin d’Amélie Poulain est vraiment un film amusant, émouvant, poétique quimet en scène de nombreux personnages plus attachants les uns que les autres.6.J’ai dû attendre d’avoir cinq ans pour pouvoir descendre toute seule dans la rue et dix anspour remonter, parce que je n’arrivais pas àattraper le bouton de l’ascenseur.IV. Thème: (25%)1. 地铁比汽车快，而大区快线又比地铁快，但开得最快的是高速列车。

南京航空航天大学2016年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:357满分:150 分科目名称:英语翻译基础注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points (1' x 15=15').1. domestic airport2. international airline3. space craft4. radio navigation5. electronic age6. tour arrangement7. VIP room 8. boarding gate9. public relationship 10. aircraft carrier11. wireless network 12. air crew13. the Belt and Road 14. heating system15. anti‐icePart II. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points (1' x 15=15').1. 黑匣子2. 外层空间3. 免税店4. 旅行支票5. 单程6. 国际电话7. 更改航班 8. 参数9. 救生伐 10. 乘务员11. 经济舱 12. 红眼航班13. 当地时间 14. 危险品15. 座位号Part III. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30' x 2=60').Passage 1The word "highway" is a misleading name of this phenomenon. This "highway" is more a social and commercial environment than a static network. The "highway" is composed of a network, and computing resources, but more importantly, the "highway" defines a new environment for people, and organizations to interact and communicate with each other. It is for these reasons that the building of such a "highway" must be done as a cooperative task force, rather than the more traditional service provider/user model that has been used in the past. Based on these concepts the information highway can be defined as: "A location‐independent user environment that uses high speed networking and computing for multimedia communications."Passage 2The fight for women's rights is central to the UN's global mission. Fifteen years ago, in Beijing, governments committed themselves to equality, development and peace for all women in all countries. The Beijing Declaration was a landmark on the road to women's empowerment. It has guided policy making. It has inspired women and girls to strive for equality and opportunity and reminded everyone that this is their right.We have seen progress. Girls are now more likely to receive an education. Women are now more likely to run business or participate in government. But much work remains. Death in Children is still too common. Too few women have access to family planning. Violence against women remains a cause of global shame. I just appointed a special representative to mobilize international action to address these crimes. At the United States itself, we have more women in senior posts than at any time in history.Part IV. Translate the following passages from Chinese into English. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30' x 2=60').Passage 1我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。