心一考研英语核心词汇精讲班配套讲义完整版

核心词汇（8）2018. 05. 11recklessly [ˈrekləsli] adv. 鲁莽地；不顾后果地He was driving recklessly and lost control.他鲁莽驾驶，失去了控制。

拓展：reckless adj.reckon [ˈrekən] v. 估计；计算；认为I reckon we'll go next week.我想我们下星期会去。

informed [ɪnˈfɔːrmd] adj. 见多识广的；消息灵通的Informed people know the company is shaky.了解情况的人知道该公司状况不佳。

拓展：knowledgeable [ˈnɒlɪdʒəbl] adj. 知识渊博的，有见识的learned [ˈlɜːrnɪd] adj. 博学的；有学问的endure [ɪnˈdʊr] v. 持久；忍耐They could endure much pain.他们能忍受很多痛苦。

拓展：tolerate / abideendurance [ɪnˈdʊrəns] n. 忍耐力；持久；耐久duration [duˈreɪʃn] n. 持续；持续，持久dedicate [ˈdedɪkeɪt] v. 致力于They dedicated themselves to helping the poor.他们致力于帮助穷人。

拓展：dedicate to 献身；把（时间、精力等）用于devote tocommit tocomply [kəmˈplaɪ] v. 一致，遵守comply with 遵守，照做They are expected to be obedient and comply with requests from the boss immediately.他们被要求服从并立即遵从老板的要求。

comply with environmental regulations遵守环保规定拓展：consist with 符合；与……一致conform to 符合；遵照tough [tʌf] adj. 强硬的；困难的When the going gets tough, the tough get going.艰难之路，唯勇者前行。

displaceme nt n.移置,转移,取代,置换,位移,排水量dramatic adj.戏剧性的，生动的eve ntually adv .最后,终于exhibit vt.展出，陈列n.展览品，陈列品，展品v.展示exploitation n.开发，开采，剥削，自私的利用，宣传，广告fluctuati ons n.波动,起伏highlighted adj.突出的implicit adj.暗示的，盲从的，含蓄的，固有的，不怀疑的，绝对的in duced vt.劝诱，促使，导致，弓I起,感应in evitably adv .不可避免infrastructure n.下部构造，基础下部组织in specti on n.检查,视察in te nsity n.强烈，剧烈，强度，亮度mani pulati on n.处理,操作, 操纵offset n.抵销，弥补，分支,vt.弥补，抵销，用平版印刷vi.偏移，形成分支paragraph n.（文章）段，节，段落plus prep.加上adj.正的,力口的practitioners n.从业者,开业者predominantly adv.卓越的，支配的，主要的，突出的，有影响的prospect n.景色，前景，前途，期望vi.寻找，勘探radical adj.根本的，基本的，激进的n.激进分子random n.随意，任意adj.任意的，随便的，胡乱的adv.胡乱地reinforce vt.加强，增援，补充，增加…的数量，修补，加固n.加固物restore vt.恢复，使回复，归还，交还，修复，重建revision n.修订，修改，修正，修订本schedule n时间表，进度表v.确定时间tension n.紧张（状态）,不安，拉紧，压力，张力，vt.拉紧，使紧张termination n.终止thereby adv.因此，从而，在那方面，在那附近uniform adj.统一的，相同的，一致的,；n.制服vt.使成一样，使穿制服vehicle n.交通工具，车辆，媒介物，传达手段via prep.经,通过,经由virtually adv.事实上，实质上widespread adj.分布广泛的，普遍的visual adj.看的，视觉的，形象的，栩栩如生的analogous adj类似的，相似的，可比拟的anticipate vt.预期，期望，过早使用，先人一着，占先v.预订，预见，可以预料assura nee n确信,断言,保证,担保attain vt.达到，获得v.达到behalf n.为，利益bulk n.大小，体积，大批，大多数，散装vt.显得大，显得重要ceases v停止, 终了，n.停止cohere nee n. 一致coi ncide vi.—致,符合concurrent n同时发生的事件adj.并发的，协作的，一致的confined adj.被限制的，狭窄的，分娩的con troversy n.论战，争论，辩论conversely adv倒的，逆的device n装置，设计，图案策略，发明物,设备；【计】安装设备驱动程序devote v.投身于，献身于dimi nish v.（使）减少，（使）变小distorted adj.扭曲的，受到曲解的duration n.持续时间，为期erosi on n.腐蚀，浸蚀ethical adj.与伦理有关的，民族的，民族特有的foun ded v.建立，创立in here nt adj.固有的，内在的，与生俱来的in sight n.洞察力，见识integral adj.完整的，整体的，【数学】积分的mature adj.成熟的到期的，充分考虑的，（票据等）到期的vt.使成熟vi.成熟到期mediation n.仲裁，调解调停advocate n.提倡者，鼓吹者vt.提倡，鼓吹channel n•海峡，水道，沟，路线vt.引导，开导，形成河道；信道频道classical adj古典的，正统派的，古典文学的con firmed adj.证实的，惯常的，慢性的contrary adj.相反的,逆的,decades n.十年,十definite adj.明确的，一定的de ny v.否认，拒绝differentiation n.区另Udisposal n处理，处置，布置，安排，配置，支配empirical adj.完全根据经验的，经验主义的，【化】实验式equipment n.装备，设备，器材，装置，铁道车辆，才能extract n.精，汁，榨出物，摘录，选粹vt.拔出，榨取，开方，求根，摘录，析取,吸取foun dation n.基础，根本，建立，创立，地基，基金，基金会guarantee n.保证，保证书，担保，抵押品vt.保证，担保hierarchical adj.分等级的identical adj.同一的，同样的inno vati on n.改革,仓U新insert vt.插入，嵌入n.插入物intervention n.干涉isolated adj.隔离的，孤立的，单独media n.媒体phe nomenon n.现象priority n.先，前，优先，优先权prohibited v.禁止，严禁publication n.出版物，出版，发行，公布，发表release n释放，让渡，豁免,vt.释放，解放，放弃，发表n.版本，发布reverse n相反，背面，反面，倒退adj.相反的，倒转的，颠倒的vt.颠倒，倒转simulation n.仿真，假装模拟solely adv.独自地,单独地somewhat adv.稍微，有点，有些submitted v.使服从，使顺从提交successive ad继承的，连续的survive v.幸免于，幸存,生还thesis n.论题,论文transmission n.播送，发射，传动，传送，传输，转播ultimately adv.最后，终于，根本，基本上unique adj.唯一的，独特的visible adj.看得见的，明显的，显著的n.可见物voluntary adj.自动的，自愿的，主动的，故意的，非官办的，志愿的，自发的abandon vt.放弃,遗弃n.放任,狂热ambiguous adj.暧昧的，不明确的appreciation n.感谢,感激，正确评价，欣赏，增值arbitrable adj.可仲裁的automatically adv.自动地，机械地bias n偏见，偏爱，斜线vt.使存偏见chart n.海图，图表vt.制图clarity n.清楚，透明conformity n. 一致,符合con temporary n.同时代的人adj.当代的，同时代的con tradicti on n.反驳,矛盾crucial adj.至关紧要的curre ncy n.流通，通货denote vt.指示, 表示detected vt.察觉，发觉，侦查，探测v.发现deviation n.背离，异端分子medium n.媒体，方法，媒介adj.中间的冲等的military adj.军事的，军用的minimal adj.最小的，最小限度的mutual adj.相互的，互相的porti on n. —部分relaxed adj.松懈的，放松的，不严格的prelim in ary n.预备的，初步的restrai nt n.抑制，控制image n.图像，肖像，映象，比喻vt.想象，反映，象征liberal adj.慷慨的，不拘泥的，宽大的lice nee n.执照,许可证,许可vt.认可，特许，发给执照logic n.逻辑，逻辑学,逻辑性marginal adj.页边的，边缘的mental adj.精神的，智力的modified v.?改良，改进，修正monitor n.监控，监视v.监视，监控notion n.概念想法观念，意见objective n.目标，目的adj.客观的orientation n.方向,方位,定位,向东方perspective n.透视画法,透视图，前景，远景，观点，看法观察precise adj.精确的，准确的n.精确prime n.最初，青春，精华adj.主要的，最好的根本的v.预先准备好psychology n.心理学，心理状态pursue n.追赶，追踪，从事，继续rejected n.被弃之物，落选者vt.拒绝，抵制，驳回revenue n.收入，国家税收stability n.稳定性styles n风格，时尚，问题,风度，类型substitution n.代替，取代作用，置换sustainable adj可以支撑得起的，养得起的symbolic adj.象征的，符号的target n.目标，对象，靶子tran siti on n.转换，转变,过渡trend n.倾向,趋势v.伸向，通向version n.译文，译本，翻译whereas conj.然而，反之，鉴于，尽管，但是accurate adj.正确的，精确的ack no wledged vt.承认,答谢报偿allocation n.分配,安置assig ned n分配,指派attached v.缚上，贴上，系上bond n.结合物，连接，公债，债券，合同capable adj有能力的，能干的，可以••的cited v.引用，引证，提名表扬cooperative adj.合作的，协力的discrimination n.辨别，区别，辨别力，歧视display v陈列，展览，显示n.陈列展览显示diversity n.差异,多样性doma in n.领土，领地，范畴，领域edition n.版本，版enhance v提高，增强estate n.状态,不动产，时期，阶层exceed v超越，胜过其他expert n.专家行家.adj.老练的，内行的explicit adj.外在的，清楚的,直率的federal n.联邦的，联盟的，联合的fee n.费，酬金flexibility n.弹性，适应性，机动性，挠性furthermore adj.此外，而且ignore vt.不理睬，忽视；【律】（因证据不足而驳回）诉讼incentive n.动机adj.激励的incorporated adj.合并的，结社的，一体化的vt.合并，使组成公司，inhibition n.禁止，阻止，禁止，抑制in itiative n.主动instruction n.指示，用法说明（书）,教育，指导，指令neutral n.中立者，中立国，非彩色，齿轮的空档adj.中立的，中立国的，中性nevertheless conj.然而,不过adv.仍然,不过preceding adj.在前的,前述的presumptio n n.假定rational adj.理性的，合理的，推理的n.【数】有理数scope n.（活动）范围，机会,余地subsidiary adj.辅助的，补充的transformation n.变化,转化,改适,改革,转换transport n.传送器，运输，运输机，激动，流放犯，狂喜vt.传送，运输，流放, 放逐underlying adj.在下面的，根本的，潜在的，【商】优先的adaptation n.适应，改编，改写本adult n.成人，成年人adj.成人的，成熟的benefit n.利益，好处;vt.有益于，有助于vi.受益consistent adj.调和的，坚固的（常与with连用）与••一致的con text n. 上下文，文章的前后关系con tract n.合同，契约，婚约v.使缩短，感染，订约create vt.创造，创作，引起，造成data n.【计】资料，数据definition n.定义,解军说derived vt.得自vi.起源con strai nts n.约束，强制，拘束contribution n. 捐献，贡献，投稿convention大会，协定，习俗，惯例coord in ati on n.同等,调禾口, 配合corresponding adj.相应的，通讯的criteria n.标准deduction n.减除，扣除，演绎，推导dem on strate vi.示范,证明vt.示威emphasis n强调，重点en sure v.确保,保证;保证得到excluded vt.排除在外拒绝接纳immigration n.外来移民，移居入境implies v.暗示,意味着initial adj.最初的，词首的，初始的;n.词首字母in sta nee n.实例，建议，要求，场合in teracti on n.相互作用justificati on n.辩护，释罪layer n.层阶层minorities n.少数，少数民族沬成年negative n.否定adj.否定的消极的v.否定，拒绝接受partnership n.合伙，合伙企业，合伙契约physical adj身体的，物理的，自然的,物质的proportion n.比例，均衡，面积部分vt.使成比例，使均摊published v.出版，刊印，发表reacti on n.反应,反作用registered adj.已登记的，已注册的，记名的relia nee n.信任，信心，依靠的人或物scheme n.安排，配置，方案v.计划，设计周谋seque nee n次序，顺序,序列挨次specified v指定,详细说明，列入清单suffieient adj.充分的，足够的technical adj.技巧的，技术的project n.计划，方案，事业，企业，工程v.设计，计划，发射（导弹等）,凸出promote vt.促进，发扬，提升，提拔，晋升为retai n vt.保持，保留series n连续，系列，丛书，级数status n.身份，地位，情形，状况stress n重压，逼迫，压力，重点，着重，强调，重音vt.着重，强调，重读subsequent adj后来的，并发的sum n.总数，和，金额，算术题undertaken vbl. undertake 的过去分词academic adj学院的，理论的adjustme nt n.调整,调节,调节器ame ndme nt n.改善,改正aware adj.知道的，明白的，意识到的capacity n容量，生产量，容量，智能，才能，能力，接受力challenge n挑战vt.向..挑战clause n子句，条款con flict n.斗争，冲突,vi.抵触，冲突con sultati on n.请教，咨询，磋商，会诊con tact n.接触，联系vt.接触，联系decline vi.下倾，下降，下垂v.婉拒，衰落n.下倾，下降，下垂draft n.草稿，草案，草图v.草拟，起草en able vt.使能够，給予权利或方法energy n.精力,精神，活力en forceme nt n.执行，强制equivale nt adj.相等的，相当的n.等价物，相当物evolutio n n.进展，演变，进化exposure n暴露，揭露，揭发位置方向，陈列facilitate vt.使••容易，使••便利，推动fun dame ntal adj基础的，基本的n.基本原则，基础原理gen erated vt.产生，发生distribution n.分配，分发，配给物，销售，区分，分类，发送，发行economic adj.经济（上）的,产供销的，经济学的environmental adj.周围的，环境的evidenee n.明显，显著，明白，迹象，根据，【物】证据，证物factors n.因素，要素，因数financial a.财政的金融的formula n.公式,客套语function n.功能,作用,典礼,仪式；v.起作用，运行identified被识别的，被认可的in dividual n.个人，个体；adj.个别的，单独的，个人的interpretation n.解释，阐明，口译，通译involved adj.棘手的，有关的issues n出版，发行,（报刊等）期、号，论点，问题，结果,vi.发行，流出，【律】后嗣labour n.劳动，劳力，劳工，努力，分娩，工作;v.劳动，苦干，费力地前进legal adj.法律的，法定的，合法的major n.［美］【教】主修课，【律】成年人adj.主修的，成年的，大调的;vi.主修prin ciple n.法则，原则，原理procedure n.程序,手续required adj.必需的response n.回答,响应,反应sector n.部分，部门;v.使分成部分，把..分成扇形significant adj.有意义的，重大的，重要的similar adj.相似的，类似的specific n.特效药，细节adj.详细而精确的，明确的，特殊的，效的；structure n.结构，构造，建筑物vt•建筑，构成，组织theory n.理论，学说，…论，原理，意见，推测variables n.【数】变数，可变物，变量;adj.可变的，不定的，易变的，【数】变量的achieve vt.完成,达至Uacquisition n.获得，获得物administration n.管理，经营，行政部门affect vt.影响，感动，侵袭，假装appropriate adj.适当的vt.占用，据为己有；盗用，挪用aspect n样子，外表，面貌，（问题等的）方面assistanee n协助，援助，补助con clusi on n.结束,缔结,结论con duct n.行为，操行v.引导，管理，为人，传导consequences n结果，【逻】推理，推论，因果关系，重要的地位credit n.信任，信用，声望，荣誉，【财务】贷方，银行存款;vt.相信，信任，把... 归给cultural adj.文化的distinction n.区别，差别，级别，特性，声望，显赫evaluation n.估价，评价，赋值features n.面貌的一部分（眼，口,鼻等）特征，vt.是…的特色，特写，放映vi.起重要作用final n.结局，决赛，期末考试，adj.最后的，最终的，决定性的focus n.（兴趣活动等的）中心，焦点，焦距,vi.聚焦，注视;,定焦点，调焦，集中impact n.碰撞，冲击，冲突，影响，效果；vt.挤入，撞击，压紧，对…发生影响institute n.学会，学院，协会；vt.创立，开始，制定，开始（调查）,提起（诉讼）告某人maintenance n.维护，保持，生活费用，扶养normal n.正规，常态，adj.正常的，正规的，标准的obta ined v.获得participation n.分享,参与perceived vt.察觉v.感知，感到，认识到positive adj.肯定的，实际的，积极的，绝对的，确实的potential adj.潜在的，可能的，n.潜能，潜力previous adj.在前的,早先的adv.在…以前region n.区域，地方，（艺术科学等的）领域,（大气，海水等的）层regulatio ns n.规则，规章，调节，校准releva nt adj.有关的，相应的reside nt n.居民adj.居住的，常驻的restricted adj.受限制的，有限的security n.安全（感）确信；安心保护保护物（against; from）【常用复】证券，债券survey n.测量，调查，俯瞰，概观，纵览，视察text n.正文，原文，课文，课本transfer n.迁移，移动，传递，转移，调任，vt.转移，调转，调任，传递, alternative n.二中择一，可供选择的办法，事物adj.选择性的，二中择一的circumsta nces n环境,详情,境况con siderable adj相当大的，可观的，值得考虑的revolutio n n.革命，旋转route n.路线，路程，通道v.发送subord in ate adj.次要的，从属的n.下属v.服从suppleme ntary n.附属,附属物suspend v.吊，悬挂延缓trigger v.引发，触发n.扳机un ified adj统一的，一元化的violation n违反，违背，强奸adjace nt adj.相邻的，临近的assembly n.集合，集会colleague n.同事con ceived vt.构思，以为，持有;vi怀孕考虑,设想convineed adj.确信的深信的;v.说服inclination n.倾斜弯曲，爱好integrity n.完全，正直，诚实in tri nsic adj.固有的，内在的likewise adv.同样的，又n.同样nonetheless adv.虽然如此，但是panel n.面板，嵌板，仪表板，座谈小组，全体陪审员vt.嵌镶板persiste nt adj.持久稳固的pose n.姿势，姿态v.（使…）摆好姿势，形成，引起，造成；vi.摆姿势，矫揉造作reluctant adj.不顾的，勉强的，难得到的，难处理straightforward adj.正直的，坦率的，简单的，易懂的，直接了当的adv坦率地un dergo vt.经历,遭受,忍受whereby adv.凭什么,为何an alysis分析，分解，解剖approach接近，靠近assessme nt评估，估算，评价assume假定，设想，担任；承担；接受available可用到的，可利用的，有用的，有空的，接受探访的constant adj.不变的，持续的，坚决的apparent adj.显然的，外观上的approximated adj.近似的，大约的v.近似，接近，接近，约计attributed vt.把…归因于（to）.. n.属性，品质，特征，加于，归结于co nee ntratio n n.集中，集合，专心，浓缩，浓度conference n.会议,讨论会,协商会contrast vt.使与…对比，使与…对照vi.和…形成对照n.对比，对照，（对照中的）despite prep .不管,尽管,不论dime nsion n.尺寸，尺度,维（数）,度（数）,元domestic adj.家庭的，国内的，与人共处的，驯服的emerged vi.显现，浮现，暴露，形成，（由某种状态）脱出，（事实）显现出来hence adv因此，从此hypothesis n.假设，【逻】前提implementation n. 执行,履行;落实implicati on n.牵连,含意,暗示，含蓄impose vt.征税，强加vi.利用欺骗in tegrati on n.综合，集合，集中internal adj.国内的，内在地inv estigati on n.调查研究obvious adj.明显的，显而易见的occupation n.职业，占有，占有期间option n.选项，选择权，【经】买卖的特权predict v.预言，预报，预报principal n.负责人，首长，主犯，校长adj.首要的，主要的professional n.自由职业者，专业人员，职业运动员，adj.专业的，职业的21 / 19format n.开本,版式，形式，格式vt.安排…的格局（或规格）,【计】格式化（磁盘）佃/ 19。

考研英语必考核心词汇详解1. instinct n.本能,直觉,天性真题搭配：by instinct：出于本能2. manner n.方式;举止,礼貌;规矩真题搭配：in the manner of: 以…的方式3. amid prep.在…中间，在…之中，被…围绕近义：among4. peak n.山顶,最高点a.高峰的,最高的写作搭配：reach the peak: 达到峰值5. package n.包装,包裹,成套设备真题搭配：a package deal: 一揽子交易6. manipulate vt.(熟练地)使用，操作解析：mani(手)+pul(pull)+ate --- 用手去拉7. manipulation n 操纵，操作8. scrutiny n.仔细审查；仔细看引申：scrutinize: v 审查9. command n./v.命令，指挥，控制；掌握解析: com（全部）+mand（hand手；交付）---全部交付别人10. hitherto adv.到目前为止,迄今近义：so far: 迄今为止1. regarding prep.关于,有关近义: with regard to = regarding= as to = about2. regardless ad.不管…的,不顾…的,不注意的真题搭配：regardless of: 不管，不顾3. secure a 安全的,放心的v. 确保，得到真题搭配：a desire to secure a better life for all确保所有人有更好生活的愿望4. commerce n.商业，贸易解析：com(together)+merce(trade)---大家在一起交易5. commercial a.商业的；商务的真题搭配：commercial promotion: 商业促销6. agony n.(精神或肉体的)极大痛苦，创伤真题例句：Modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.现代医学已经延长了死亡时身体的极大痛苦。

考研英语必考核心词汇详解1. complement n/v.补充，互补来源：complete: v 完成；adj完整的引申：complementary: adj补充的2. compensate v.补偿,赔偿真题搭配：compensate for: 补偿3. compensation n.补偿，赔偿；薪酬真题搭配：compensation committee：薪酬委员会4. aggressive a.侵略的，好斗的，有进取心的解析：ag(强调)+gress(走)+ive--- 强调走真题搭配：aggressive treatment：激进的治疗手段5. cling v. 粘住;依附;坚持真题搭配：cling to = stick to: 坚持6. summit n.顶，最高点；颠峰，高峰近义词：peak7. clarify v.澄清,阐明解析：clar(clear)+ify(动词尾缀)8. ancient a.古代的，古老的真题搭配：in ancient times：在古代9. complicated a.错综复杂的,麻烦的,难解来源：complicate: v 使复杂化近义词：complex: adj 复杂的10. compel v.强迫,迫使真题搭配：compel sb to do : 迫使某人做引申：compelling: adj 令人信服的1. complain v.抱怨;投诉真题搭配：complain about: 抱怨2. complaint n.抱怨，怨言；投诉3. aggravate vt.加重(剧),使恶化解析：ag(强调)+grav(重—gravity: n 重力)+ate---强调重引申：aggravation: n 恶化，加重4. coalition n. 同盟；结合搭配：coalition government: 联合政府5. subsequent a.随后的,后来的解析：sub(下面)+sequ(序列)+ent --- 序列后面6. clash v./n.碰撞真题搭配：clash of world views：世界观的碰撞7. adolescent n.青少年a.青春期的，青少年的近义：teenagers and youngsters: 青少年8. insurance n.保险,保险费,保险业真题搭配：unemployment and disability insurance：失业和伤残保险9. manage v.经营,管理,处理;设法,对付;操纵真题搭配：manage to do: 设法做引申：management: n 管理10. address n.住址；v.解决; 说话，发言真题例句：This practice does not address the real worry. 这个做法并没有解决真正的担忧。

考研英语核心词汇详解1. personality /ˌpə:sə'næləti/n.人格,个性真题搭配：personality disorder: 人格障碍2. character /'kærəktə/n.性格,品质;人物,角色;字符,(汉)字真题搭配：Chinese character: 汉字moral character: 道德品质3. characteristic /ˌkærəktə'ristik/ a. 特有的,独特的n.特征,特性4. characterize (characterise) /'kærəktəraiz/ v.表示…的特性;描述…特性真题搭配：be characterized by: 以…为特征5. corrupt /kə'rʌpt/ a.腐败的,贪污的解析：cor(core内部)+rupt(break)—从内部断了引申：corruption: n 贪污，腐败6. abrupt /ə'brʌpt/ a.突然的，意外的；(行为等)粗鲁无礼的解析：ab(背离，离去)+rupt(break)--- 离开断掉7. colleague /'kɔli:g/ n.同事,同僚8. college /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/ n 学院，大学9. university /ˌju:ni'və:səti/ n 大学10. universe /'ju:nivə:s/ n.宇宙,万物解析：uni(单一，统一)+verse(旋转)—万物转成一体引申：universal: adj 普遍的，全体的；n普遍情形1. judge /dʒʌdʒ/ v.审判;评论,裁判；n.法官2. justice /'dʒʌstis/ n.公正,公平;法官辨析：Justice: n（大）法官；judge: n（地方）法官3. judgement /'dʒʌdʒmənt/ n. 审判,判决;判断(力);看法,意见4. verdict /'və:dikt/ n.裁决,判决；判断；定论辨析：judgement为法官做出的判决，verdict 为陪审团做出的判决5. jury /'dʒuəri/ n.陪审团;全体评审员6. justify /'dʒʌstifai/v.证明...正当(或有理、正确)，为...辩护引申：justification: n 公正；辩解，辩护7. skeptical /'skeptikəl/ a.怀疑的真题搭配：be skeptical of sth: 怀疑某事8. combine /kəm'bain/v.联合；结合；兼并解析：com(together)+bine(bind捆，绑)---全都捆到一起了真题搭配: combine A with(and)B;A, combined with B9. combination /ˌkɔmbi'neiʃən/ n.结合，联合；兼并真题搭配：in combination with: 和…一起10. obey /əu'bei/ v.服从, 顺从1. eligible /'elidʒəbl/ a.符合条件的; 有资格的解析：e(出来)+lig（选择）+ible（能够）---能够选出来的真题例句：It was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. （2010 Text 4 英语二）直到20世纪40年代，大多数州才让女性有资格担任陪审员。

考研英语词汇专项讲义I. V ocabulary Usage Analysis:例11) Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such b ehaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well. [05]21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by[A] posing a contrast.[B] justifying an assumption.[C] making a comparison.[D] explaining a phenomenon.2) 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. [98]45. [A] On [B] With [C] For [D] By46. [A] broadly [B] thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely3) … This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38, they can help studentsacquire a sense of commitment.[A] On the contrary [B] On the average[C] On the whole [D] On the other hand4) A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints o n improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is. [09-T4]35. According to the last paragraph, development of education[A] results directly from competitive environments.[B] does not depend on economic performance.[C] follows improved productivity.[D] cannot afford political changes.例2In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they're looking for.55. W e learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business[A] has been striving to expand its market[B] intended to follow a fanciful fashion[C] tried but in vain to control the market[D] has been booming for one year or so例3But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take—at the very longest—a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.62. According to the author, basic computer skills should be[A] included as an auxiliary course in school[B] highlighted in acquisition of professional qualifications[C] mastered through a life-long course[D] equally emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwise例4Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring; burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.46. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in[A] the use of machines to produce science fiction.[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.[C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.[D] the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.例5In1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and inf irm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.58. The author's attitude to ward Richard Lamm's remark is one of[A] strong disapproval. [B] reserved consent.[C] slight contempt. [D] enthusiastic support.例6It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess:“We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history.”The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.From the second paragraph we learn that[A] the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries.[B] physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia.[C] changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law.[D] it takes time to realize the significance of the law's passage.II. V ocabulary Exercises:1.1) At first, the ______ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.[A] transaction [B] transmission [C] transformation [D] transition2) …inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the 8_which is being transmitted to him.[A] speech [B] sense [C] message [D] meaning3) The parcel you post must be well packed. Inadequate packing can mean delay, damage or loss[A] [B] [C]at your expenses.[D]2.1) Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate ______ (hear) from you soon.2) I appreciated ______ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.[A] having been given [B] having given [C] to have been given [D] to have given3) As I’ll be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate _____ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.[A] hearing [B] to hear [C] to be hearing [D] having heard ……….. 略胡小平浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院(SIS)E-mail: shopin@版权所有严禁翻印。

Unit Onevote v. /n. 投票debate v. /n. 辩论，争论authority n. 政府；权威专家，权威（人士）occupation authorities 占领当局be authorized to do 得到授权be entitled to (do) sth. 被赋予做…的权利，有做…的权利incurably ill patients 晚期患者terminally ill 晚期的，终期的convince v. 坚信，相信；令人信服word n. 消息flash v./n. 闪现，，闪动，出现executive a.执行的n.执行官chief executive 首席执行官the right to… （有）做…的权利have rights doing sth. 有权做某事society n. 协会，社团academic ~ 学术社团specific society 具体的、特定的社团community n. …界, 团体；社会，社区legal community 法律界scientific community 科学界religious community 宗教团体health research community 医疗研究团体via prep. 经由，通过post v. 张贴，发布；（在网上）发帖bulletin n. 公告，报告import n. 重要性，重要意义；进口implications n. 含义，意义；暗示，启示imply v. 暗示，推论出；蕴含着…implicit a. 不言明(含蓄)的explicit a. 表达明确地，明白的sink in 被了解alike adj. 类似的，同类的deal with 安排，处理，思考breathe sighs of relief 轻松地出了一口气association n. 协会associate… with… 把…和…联系起来bitterly adv. 尖酸刻薄地，厉害地bill n. 法案，法律；账单passage n. 通过；经过；道路，通道tide n. 潮流，趋势likely adj/adv. 很有可能，可能的= possiblebe likely to 常常，很有可能unlikely adj. 不可能= impossibleaging population 老龄化的人口extend v. 延长，延伸，推广life-extending technology 延长寿命的技术extended family 三代以上同堂的家庭模式be extended indefinitely 无限期延长get on with 继续做have something to do with… 与…有关have much to do with 与…很有关系observer n. 观察者，旁观者observe v. 观察，注意；评论observation观察（报告）,观察（结论）;评论make observations 做评论domino（es）多米诺效应（~ effect）request v. 请求，要求deadly adj. 致命的dreadful adj. 可怕的；极大的inject v. 注射，注入pill n. 药丸suffering n. 痛苦，受罪suffer v. 遭受diagnose v. 诊断cool off 平静下来，变凉certificate n. 证明（书、证等）haunting a.常浮现于脑海中的，不易忘怀的terrifying a. 可怕的，令人害怕的spiritual a. 精神上的fight for 努力…，为…而努力claw v. 抓（scratch）mask n. 面具object to 反对objection toobjectionable 引起反对的，讨厌的objective adj. 客观的objectivity n. 客观性impartial adj. 公正，客观share the same view on 对…持相同观点be responsible for 对…负责（表示原因）significance n. 重要性，意义calm a . 平静的，镇静的intense a.强烈的，剧烈的（~ fear 非常担心）characteristic n.（~s）特点，特色a. 特有的be characteristic of 特点是= be typical ofbe characterized by 特点是，以…为特点experience v./n.经历（= undergo=go through）shared experience 共同的经历、经验perish v. 死亡，变腐败in peril 处在危险中approve v. 赞同（approval）disapproval n.反对indifferent a.漠不关心的,冷漠的（indifference）carefree adj. 不关心的，冷漠的suspect v. 怀疑，不信suspicion n. 怀疑，猜疑，不信be suspicious of 表示怀疑subjective adj. 主观的biased adj. 有偏见的（= prejudiced）prejudice n./v. （持有）偏见= biaspuzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzle v. 困惑word ~ 填字游戏puzzlement n.困惑,不明白的地方=confusion confused adj.困惑的confusing adj.令人不解的confuse v. 茫然，困惑；混淆confusion n. 困惑，混淆optimistic adj. 乐观的optimism n. 乐观（精神）pessimistic adj. 悲观的pessimism n. 悲观（精神）reserve v. 预留，保留；储备（金）reserved adj. 有保留的reserve space 保留位置，空间consent v. 同意slight adj. 轻微的enthusiastic adj.热情的enthusiast n. 热衷者，狂热分子gloomy adj. 前途暗淡的gloom n. 昏暗；暗淡doom n. 末日，宿命gloom and ~ 悲伤沮丧scary adj.令人害怕的,可怕的scar n. 伤疤scared adj. 感到害怕的Unit Twoconsistent a. 一直的，一贯的，始终如一的courteous a. 谦恭有礼的court n. 法庭，法院，足球场frequently adv. 经常，频繁地（反义词rarely）small-minded a. 小心眼儿的ill-mannered a. 态度恶劣的，粗鲁的deserve v. 应该有，应该受到；值得comment on （做）评论otherwise adv./adj. 原本，本来dull a. 无趣的，无聊的（dullness）existence n. 存在；生存状态, 生活（life）typically ad. 通常，一般地（= generally）distant a. 远的，距离远的source n. 来源，本源；根源，原因=origin diversion n. 娱乐；转移diverse adj. 不同的，多种多样的diversity n. 多样化program n. 项目；程序= projectharsh a. 残酷的；严厉、苛刻的（harshness）harsh realities残酷现实frontier n. 边境，前方shape v. 塑造，形成；外形，体形reshape v. 重塑hospitality n. 友好，好客（~ to sb.）injure v. 伤害（injury）turn to 诉诸，求助于，寻求…的帮助= resort to lodge n. 乡间小屋，旅社v. 借宿，临时住cabin n. 小屋settlement n. 住所shelter n. 藏身处，避难处v. 保护，庇护residence n. 住处，住宅；居住dwelling n. 住所，处所dwell v. 住，居住mere（ly）adj./adv. 仅仅，不过，只（= only）charitable a. 仁慈的，慈善的impulse n. 冲动；推动，动力on the part of…从…的角度（on my part在我看来）reflect v. 反映，表现（= mirror）；反省，反思（~ on）reflection n. weary a.疲倦的，筋疲力尽的（=exhausted）tourist trails 旅游线路pretty ad.相当地（~ soon非常一小会儿）pretty = fairly = ratherproper a.适当正确的，完全彻底的（properly）casual a. 不经意的，偶然的，临时的casualness n. 随便，随意，非正式interpret v. 阐释，说明interpret as 理解为，解释为artificial a. 假的，人造的；矫揉造作的historically developed历史形成(发展而来)的developed society 发达国家emerging countries 新兴国家As is true of…正如…一样complex a.复杂的,综合的n. 大型建筑（群）complicated a. 结构复杂的a set of 一整套的signal n. 信号sign n. 迹象，征兆；符号assume v.（没有根据地）认为，假定；承担assumption n. 假设，假定，设想，认为not necessarily 未必underlie v.形成了，构成了(…的基础)；强调fail v. 失败fail to 不能，未能translate v. 转化；理解more than 不仅仅是，远远胜过brief a.短暂的，简短的in brief 简而言之brief n. 概要，简短情况介绍encounter v./n. 相遇，遇到distinguish between 区分，区别value…highly 非常珍视be interralated 相互联系exercise v.行使,使产生~ an influence over…manifest v. 体现，显现（~ oneself）~ation manifesto n. 宣言，声明exclusive adj.独一的（exclusive use单独使用）equal v. 等于，相当于entertain v. 招待，款待(=treat)；使娱乐out of 出于…out of charitable impulse出于慈善的冲动flavor n. 风味keep up 维持，持续（传统，习惯等）keep up with 跟上，追上keep doing 一直，持续做某事Unit Threesubstance n. 物质other than 除了（…之外）rather than 而不是technically a. 技术上，学术上technical progress 技术进步professional progress 职业发展alter v. 改变mental a. 精神的drug n. 药品term n. 术语，专用名词v. 把…叫做/称为human term 普通人可以理解的说法refer to 指…，指的是；谈到，提及chemical n. 化学药品，化学制品addict n. 沉迷…的人v.（~ to）沉迷于addiction n. （to）上瘾，沉迷familiar a . 熟悉的alcohol 白酒，酒精tobacco n. 烟草neutral a. 中性的psychologist n. 心理医生，心理学家psychoactive作用于精神的,影响(改变)心理状态的abuse v./n 滥用;虐待patient abuse虐待病人make clear 解释，说明misuse v. 误用，用错；使用…不当heroin n. 海洛因cocaine n. 可卡因pervasive a. 广泛的（= widespread）aspirin n. 阿司匹林quiet v. 使安静；平息下来sociable a. 社交的，增进友谊的nerve n. 神经；勇气，胆量apparent a. 显然的，明显的= obvious apparently adv. 显然，明显地constructive a. 建设性的negative effects a. 副作用，消极作用impact n.深刻影响,冲击have significant ~ on poison v 中毒，投毒(~ous 有毒的) perceptual v. 知觉的，感觉的perception n. 知觉，感觉perceive v. 观察，感知distort v. 扭曲，歪曲（~ion）repeated use 反复使用，再三使用repeated adj. 再三的，反复的，重复性的lead to 导致，造成（= result in =cause）substance dependence 物质（药物）依赖be dependent on /upon 依赖于independent a. 独立的be ~ of不受…的限制independence n. 独立be marked by 以…为明显特征tolerance n. 容忍，承受（tolerate v. ）be tolerant of 容忍tolerate v. 忍受，容忍desire n./v.期望,希望~ed effect预期的效果appearance n. 表现；外表unpleasant n.令人不愉快的pleasure n.快乐withdraw v.撤销，撤退，收回（withdrawal n.）symptom n. 症状discontinue v. 停止，废止，放弃affect v. 影响effect n. 影响；效果mood n. 情绪，心情group v. 归类，分类= classifystimulate v.刺激(stimulant n.使人兴奋的物质) depress v. 使压抑，使消沉，使沮丧depressant n. 使人镇静、情绪压抑的物质illusion v.错觉（hallucination n.幻觉，幻想）hallucinogens n. 迷幻剂initially adv. 最初，起初（=originally）；第一，首先（= primarily）speed up 加速（slow down 减速，放缓）activate v. 刺激，使活跃起来primary a.初步的，首要的;主要的，重要的primarily adv. 主要的（=predominantly）首先，第一（=firstly=initially）primacy n. 首要地位，优势= predominance variety n.多样性,各种各样a ~ of各种各样的radical a. 根本的，彻底的，激进的radical change/reform 彻底的改革/变革state of consciousness 意识状态conscious a. 有意识的，有知觉的be preferable to比…更让人喜爱，更可取,更好preference n. 优先权，优惠preferential adj. 优惠的,优先的~ policiesin that 之所以这样是因为（解释原因）fatal a. 致命的，毁灭性的overwhelming a. 压倒性的，无法抵抗的piercing a. 刺穿的，深刻的，感人的pierce v. 刺穿，刺透，刺fierce 激烈的result from 由…而产生，来源于；原因是… = arise from = stem from…be attributed to 归因于，归功于attribute… to…把…的原因归为blame 归咎于, 责备owe… to …原因在于，原因是= due toconsumption n. 消费,消费量(consume v.)production and consumption 生产与消费pattern n.模式,形式,方式standard ~ 标准模式purpose n.目的（= intention）quantitative a. 定量的，按一定数量的application （to）n. 应用，使用technological application 科学技术的运用apply v. （to）应用，适用于employ v. 使用；雇佣employer n. 用人单位；老板employment n. 使用；职位part time employment 兼职工作full time employment 全职工作disease n. 疾病positive a. 积极的（nagative a. 消极的）positive forces积极力量=driving forces推动力Unit Fourcontribute to 导致，促成；为…做了贡献contribution n.促成因素(=contributing factors)decline n./v. 衰退，下跌economic/ moral decline 经济/ 道德衰退declining adj. 处于衰退的a ~ industryfade v. 渐渐消失，衰弱，减弱fading adj. 处于衰退的，日渐消失的falling adj. 日渐降低的，日益衰退的rising adj. 越来越多(大)的=growing, soaring, increasingfall v./n. 下跌，降低（fell，fallen）= droprise v./n. 上升，增加（rose ，risen）on the rise/ decline 处于上升/ 下跌、衰退accomplish v. 实现，完成，达到complete v. 完成，使完善adj.完整的,完全incomplete不完全的career n. 职业生涯corrupt v. 腐蚀，使恶化 a. 腐败的various a 各种各样的，各不相同的times n. 时代creative freedom 创作自由bottom line 底线core n./a. 核心（的），中心take over 接管，接班，接任late a. 已逝的,已故的alive adj. 活着的raise stock price 提高股票价格debt n. 债务deal n. 交易dealership n. 经销商property n.财产intellectual property知识产权restructure v.结构重组,调整结构,体制改革reengineer v. 再设计，重新建造，结构重组flap n./v. 辩论，辩护debate n. 争论,辩论hip-hop 街舞expression n. 表达~ freedom 表达自由defend v. 保卫，辩护defender n. 支持者，辩护人=supporterdefendant n. 被告justify v. 证明…合理，为…而辩护be justified 有道理scientifically justified 科学上合理的justifiable adj. 合理的defend/justify…on the grounds that/of 为…而辩护，理由是…release v. 发表，发行issue v.under fire 受攻击violent a. 暴力的，猛烈的violence n. 暴力school violence 校园暴力violate v. 违反，违背（规章等）= infringeviolate the rules and regulationstest n./v. 测试，检验；试验democratic a. 民主的，大众化的column n. 专栏lie in 在于the widest possible latitude 最大的幅度dispute v./n.争执，争论beyond ~ 毋庸质疑disputable a. 有争议的irritating a. 令人愤怒的，使人气愤的compromise v./n.妥协，让步（=retreat ；=back off）hard-line 强硬路线~ stand强硬立场to some extent 在某种程度上=at some levelstockholder n. 股东，股票持有人cite v. 引用，引证balance n./v. 平衡announce v. 宣布= declarelaunch v. 发动，发起~ a drive to do sth.drive v. 驱动，推动driving force 推动力，驱动力be driven underground 被赶到地下，暗处develop v. 制定，培养；发展；研发develop standards 制定标准distribute v. 分发，分配；发行，销售distribution n. 发行，销售；发放，分布collection n. 收集information collection and distribution信息的收集与发布board n. 董事会；委员会boss and board 管理层= the managementlicencing board 执照颁发委员会be supportive of 支持oppositive adj. 相反的oppose v. 反对insider n. 业内人士，知道内情的人士people associated with…与…有关联的人senator n 参议员amendment n.（法律、合同等的）修改,修订unite v. 团结，联合为一Unit Fivemonetary a. 金融的，货币的steer v. 驾驶，驾驭land v. 着陆（take off 起飞，猛增）brake n./v. 闸；刹车precise a. 精确的far from the truth 远非事实variable a. 不确定的，易变的effect（on …）n. 影响（= influence on ）hence adv. 因此就出现了，因此就有了analogy n. 类比nanlogous adj. 相当于，类似于conduct v./n 进行…行为；行为（~ online transactions进行网上贸易）liken…to…v. 把…比作…crack v. 破裂，破碎rear v. 后部的，后面的view n. 景色，风景；观点，看法faulty a 有缺点的，不完美的banker n. 银行家boast v. 值得夸耀，引以为豪double-digit 两位数poll v. 投票选出percentage n. 百分比favorable a 有利的capacity n. 最大承受力（能力），最大承受量（容量）utilization n. 利用，使用prove v. (结果)竟然是,原来是,证明是;证明thrilling n. 令人激动的follow v. 遵循，按照…去做comparable a. 可比较的，可比作extremely a. 极端地，非常地last v. 持续（一段时间）amaze v. 令人吃惊，使吃惊amazing a.神奇的，奇异的Unit Sixit doesn’t help that 无法阻止，无法避免capture v. 吸引, 引起；俘获，夺取(~ one’s attention/ imagination)giant dam 巨大的水坝gigantic adj. 巨大的= giant=titanicat the mercy of 任凭… 摆布drought n. 干旱（flood n. 洪涝）ideal n. 理想 a. 理想的give up on… as an ideal 放弃…的理想do one’s bidding 听从某人的吩咐fascinating adj.令人着迷的，迷人的fascination n.着迷,异常兴奋be fascinated（with ）对…着迷project n.(各类)建设项目;研究项目,计划threaten（to do）有…的危险，威胁（到）= risk threat n. 威胁symbol n. 象征strive to do something / for something努力奋斗assert oneself 表现自己cement v. 巩固，加强bid n. 出价，投标bid for（投标）竞争,争取得到overbidding过高出价status n. 地位；状态tend to 往往，通常会intend v. 打算，目的在于~ doing/to do sth.be intended to do目的在于tendency n. 趋势trend n. 趋势，倾向deprive somebody of something 剥夺，夺去… fertile adj. 土地肥沃的, 多产的silt n. 淤泥in return for 作为…的回报reservoir n. 水库barely adv. 几乎不 = hardlygenerate electricity 发电myth n. 神秘事件，神话；荒诞的说法mythical adj. 令人神往的，想象的，虚构的persist v. 持续, 坚持persistent adj. 没完没了的civilized adj. 文明的，进步的= civil civilize v. 让… 变得文明，使文明stop (short of) doing停止了做某事(差点做了…) troops n. 军队（= forces ）contention over 竞争，争夺… (contend v. ) contend v.主张；竞争,斗争（contention n. ）give the go-ahead 允许，许可wrong-headed adj. 执迷不悟的,固执错误的even though 即使= even ifalthough ( = though ) ad. 尽管，虽然destruction n. 毁灭，破坏the powerful 权贵，强势阶层the powerless 平民，群众far from 远非，根本不是，根本没有far beyond 远远超过，远非resolve v. 决心；解决（同问题、分歧连用）conflict n. 冲突，斗争，摩擦hydroelectric power 水力发电irrigation n. 灌溉monster adj. 庞大，巨大的shut one’s eyes to reality 对现实视而不见neglect v. 忽视，忽略negligence n. 忽视vital adj. 致命的，至关重要的vitality n. 生命力，活力concern v. 与…有关n. 担忧，关切concerning prep.就…而言；与…有关concerned 相关的（后置修饰词）voice one’s concern 公开声明对…表示关注mild/serious/hightened concern稍稍/严重/高度关注be concerned about/with 关心，担心，重视strengthen v. 巩固，加强weaken v. 消弱，使变弱strengths and weaknesses 长处和不足之处international ties 国际关系universal adj. 普遍的n. 普遍情况universalize v. 普及，使普遍= popularize no use crying over spilt milk 覆水难收haste n. 匆忙（贬义）= rushhasten v. 加速leap v. /n. 跳跃，跳，飞跃Unit Seventale n. 故事，童话corporation n. 大公司corporate adj. 公司的international/multinational corporation跨国公司incorporate v. 包含，加入；合并revival n. 复兴，振兴，重生establish v. 建立，确立；公认，确定established adj. 确定的，既定的well-established adj.得到广泛公认的~ tend productive adj. 生产力的；多产的productivity n. 生产力revolution n. 革新，变革revolutionary adj. 革命性的preside over v. 主持，负责president n.总统,总裁,大学校长vice ~ 副的official adj.正式的，官方的~ status官方地位statistics n. 统计数字，统计学mildly adv. （mild adj. ）轻微的，适度的lump…together v. 合起来manufacturing n. 制造~ industry 制造业manufacturer n. 制造商on average 平均（只用于数字或人的资质）previous adj. 以前的，过去的acceleration n. 加速，加速度due to 因为rebound n. 反弹cycle n. 循环，周期business ~ 商业周期recycle v. 再利用，循环使用conclusive adj. 结论性的，充分的~ evidence inconclusive adj. 不充分的,不足以下结论的evidence n. 证据（不可数名词）treasury secretary n. 财政大臣，财政部长disjunction n. 分离，不吻合，出入anecdote n. 趣闻，轶事downsize v. 裁减，精简overall adj. 整体，全部的，总的factor n. 因素，要素joint adj. 共同的，联合的join v. 连接，结合equipment n. 装备，设备，装置machinery n. （总称）机器，机械profitable adj. 赢利的profit n. 利润switch (to) 转向matter much 关系很大，很有关系speculate (on) v. （对…进行）预测，推测speculative adj. 预测的，猜测的ineptly adv. 不适当地，不理想地spread v. 分布, 传播, 蔓延widespread adj. 广泛的，普遍的be evenly spread 平均分布，均衡分布的suppose v. 假设，猜想，想象academic v. 学者，大学教师 a. 学术的former adj. 过去的n. 前者colony n. 殖民地anti-colonial反殖民主义的chain n. 连锁机构crude adj.未经加工的；粗糙的，粗放型的crude oil 原油bakery n. 面包店toast v. 举杯庆祝case n. 情况；；案例，例子；（法律）案件in many cases 在很多情况下revenue n. 年收入，财政收入colleague n. 同事，伙伴= companymechanistic adj.机械的mechanism n.机制mechanical a.机械的，机械似的mechanical learning 机械的学习in a…fashion以…方式，方法(= in a… manner) version 版本；说法chop out 削减give thought to (n) 考虑sufficient adj.足够的,大量的sufficiency n. long-term adj. 长期的~ prospect 远景in a short term 短期内blunt adj. 直率，直言不讳的dismiss… as… 认为…不过是…consultant n. 顾问( = advisor ) consultancy n. 咨询ambulance n. 救护车turning point 转折点recovery n. 复苏；复原，恢复exclude v. 排除，除去…之外include v. 包含，包括fall short of 落后于，达不到（目标），不如anticipation n.预测anticipate v. 预测，预计the true state of 真实情况pose a question / challenge提出问题/ 挑战raise a question 提出问题question v. 怀疑，质疑= suspect questionnaire n. 问卷reply n. 答复,回答put forward提出(观点) (= pose v.提出，造成) unquestioned claim 毋庸质疑的论点reform n. 改革(liberal reform 自由改革) essential（for/to）adj.关键,至关重要的,核心的a bunch of 一帮，一捆，一串good-for-nothing n.无价值的,无用的人;废物Unit Eightuneasy adj.不自在、不稳定的;困难、艰难的aspect n. （问题等的）方面rebel v.反叛,叛逆rebelling beliefs 叛逆的信念、信仰trial n. 审判；试验Catholic Church 天主教remark n./v. 话，言语harsh remarksmake a passing remark 短暂发言，说话worldview n. 世界观schism n. 裂隙，分裂deepen v. 加深，深化humanities n.人文学科humanity n.人文主义精神if anything 如果有的话afford to do 有条件、有资格做某事critic n. 批评者，评论家criticize v. 批评critical(ly) adj. 缜密严谨的；批评的；至关重要的think critically 批判地思维/思想think independently 独立地思考ignore v. 忽视be completely ~ed 完全遭到忽视fund n.资金v. 出资,拨款,资助funding n.资助over-funding 拨款过度under-funding 拨款不足anti-science n. 反科学notably adv. 引人注目地，显著地assemble v. 集合；组装find fault with 批评，挑…的毛病social status 社会地位sociology n. 社会学sociologist n. 社会学家philosopher n. 哲学家，思想家philosophy n. 哲学，人生准则，生活方式create v. 创造（creation n. 创造，创造物）creativity n. 创造力creature n. 生物creationism n. 上帝造人说evolution n. 进化；物种进化论phenomenon n. 现象（phenomena 复数）contradict v. 与… 矛盾contradiction n.矛盾contradictory adj. 相矛盾的self-contradictory adj. 自相矛盾的on the contrary 相反contrast n. 对照，对比（不同点）survey n./v. 调查；纵览，通盘考虑reveal v. 显示，显示出；揭示，揭露；泄露tag n. 标签v. 贴标签（= label ）label v./n. （贴）标签，标示epithet n.称号attach… to… 将… 联系在一起attach importance to… 强调，重视…advocate v. 提倡，倡导n. 倡导者eliminate v.消除,淘汰,剔除(elimination n.) smallpox n. 天花virus n. 病毒virtue n. 美德scorn v. 蔑视long for 渴望，盼望utopia n. 乌托邦,理想完美境界,理想状态biological utopia 生物学上的理想状态environmentalist n.环保主义者,环境保护论者essay n. 文章，散文article n. 文章inevitable adj. 不可避免的，必不可少的respond forcefully/strongly to 对…做出强有力的反应respond to对…做出反应correspond to… v. 与… 有关，相一致corresponding adj. 相应的pioneer n. 先驱，先锋global warming 全球气候变暖depletion n. 损耗，枯竭ozone layer 臭氧层consequence n. 后果logical consequence 合理结果，逻辑结论consequent adj. 随之而来的，作为结果的consequently adv. 因此= thus = thereforenote v. 注意到；写道n. 注释explanatory note 注释heavy note 很浓的意味，明显特征denote v. 指示，表示的是have… in common 共同点是common adj. 共有的，共同的annoy v. 惹恼，激怒，令…不快annoying employees 惹人生气的雇员confront v. 面对，挑战confrontation n. 对抗，冲突，不和separation n. 分裂，分离separate adj. 独立的，各自的，分离的earn one’s keep 挣钱吃饭earn v. 挣钱，赚得；博得，得到contempt n.鄙视,蔑视,看不起earn the contempt of sb. 受到鄙视contemptible adj. 让人鄙视的，可鄙的greedy adj. 贪婪的show sympathy with/for 表示同情、同感in sympathy with 同情sympathetic adj.表示同情的；赞同、支持的compassionate adj.表示同情的，有同情心的exemplify v. 举例说明，例证context n. 上下文，语境Unit Nineemerge v. 出现= appearemergence n. 出现emerge as v. 以…面貌出现emerging countries 新兴国家emerging economies 新兴国家的经济census n.人口普查head-counting n.数人数，人口普查regional adj. 地区性的national a. 全国性的worldwide a.世界范围的compete with 与… 竞争competitor n. 竞争者fierce/ intense competition激烈竞争competitive adj.竞争的anti-competitive force 反竞争的力量competitiveness竞争性，竞争力fading/growing competitiveness 越来越强/弱的竞争力competently adv. 合格,有效地incompetently adv. 不合格,不称职地standstill n. 停滞不前enthrone v. 使成为首位，是名列…之首densely/thinly populated人口稠密(稀少)的be populated with/by 充满了，充斥着numerically adv.从数字上显示,从数字方面ever recorded/witnessed 有历史(记载)以来decade n. 十年gain n. 上升，增长（= rise）add up to 总数为annual adj. 每年的，每年一度的the Depression years 经济大萧条的年代migrate v. 迁徙immigrant n. 进入另一国的移民移民immigration n.迁移,移民(进入一地区或国家) prevail v. 普遍,,盛行prevalent adj. 流行的,主导的drop out of 离开，掉出，退出shift v. /n. 转换，变化，转移，转嫁shift (from…) to…转向major shift主要变化，重要变化wave n. 浪潮，潮流（= trend ）one wave after another 一波接一波的the snow-belt 冰雪地带the sun-belt 阳光地带role n. 角色，作用play a role 起作用play a key role 起到关键作用baby boom生育高峰期,婴儿潮child-bearing adj.育龄的,怀孕的crop n. 收获，收割generation n. 一代（人）two-generation household 由两代人组成的家庭demography n. 人口统计学related adj. 有关，相关的closely related to career-related adj. 与工作有关的instance n. 例子，实例rapid adj. 迅速的，飞快的rap n. 说唱vast adj. 广大的，巨大的vastly = greatly = broadlydevastate v. 毁坏，破坏be composed of 由… 组成的square n./a. 平方（的）~ meters 平方米flight n. 逃跑；远离bearable adj. 可以忍受的dramatize v. 明显体现出drama n. 戏剧dramatic adj. 剧烈的;巨大的~ changes 巨变dramatic declaration 引起轰动的消息dramatically adv. 大幅度地spacious adj. 宽敞的space n. 空间smog n. 烟雾crime n. 刑事犯罪criminal a. 有罪的n. 罪犯plague n. 瘟疫，通病urbanization n. 都市化urban a. 城市的suburban adj. 近郊的，城市边缘的rural a. 农村的rate n. 比率；费率interest rates 利率divorce rate离婚率crime rate犯罪率birth rate出生率inflation rates通货膨胀率ratio n. 比例sex ratio 男女性别比例reason n. 理性；原因v. 推理reasonable a.合理的considerably adv. 相当大的，非常（= vastly）perplex v. 困扰，迷惑perplexing adj. 令人困惑的witness v. 见证，目击n. 目击者，证人undergo v. 经历了= experience distinguish oneself from others使自身与众不同stress n. 压力v. 强调stress…over…v. 强调…比…更重要climatic influence 气候影响climate n. 气候highlight v. 强调（= stress ）continuous adj. 连续不断的continual adj. 频繁的，不断的elaborate v. 详细阐述，精心制作delayed adj. 迟到的delay v. 延迟,耽误unanimously adv. 一致地democracy n. 民主be engaged in 从事，忙于conservative a. 保守的n. 保守的人cling to something 坚持= stick toUnit 10scatter v. 遍布，散乱分布the globe n. 地球isolate v. 分离，隔绝isolated adj. 分离的，隔绝的region n. 地区volcano n. 火山volcanic activity 火山活动geology n. 地质学geologist n. 地质学家geological feature 地质特点geological publication n. 地质学出版物hot spot 热点boundary n. 界限drifting plate 漂移的板块drift away 漂走make up 占…（比例）（= account for）组成（be made up of…由…构成）弥补，化妆surface n. 表面interior n. 内部 a. 内部的trail n. 踪迹,痕迹,路线tourist ~s；volcanic ~s milestone n. 里程碑mark v. 标志着markedly adv. 显著地complementary adj. 互补的coastline n. 海岸线span v. 横跨，横越n. 跨距，跨度attention span 注意力集中时间段life span寿命ocean n. 海洋oceanic adj. 海洋的reminder n. 提示，提醒的人或物remind v. 提醒，使想起continent n. 大陆continental plate 大陆板块relative adj. 相对的motion n. 动作，移动（= mobility ）mobile adj.（可）移动的，流动的mobility n. orbital motion 有轨道的运动construct v. 建造，构造；构思，构想，想象in detail adv. 细节的，详细的detail n. 细节with respect to关于…，在…方面，与…有关= in terms of = regardingreadily adv. 轻易地，容易地translate… into… 将… 解释为determine v. 确定，决定in opposite directions 向不同方向stationary adj. 固定的，静止不动的respectively adv. 各自地，分别地anchor v. 固定在，停留n 节目主持人layer n. 层，层次measuring instrument 测量工具，测量仪器measure n. 措施；衡量指标，测量方法conventional measures 常规的指标measurable adj. 可以衡量的analysis n. 分析self-analysis n. 自我分析senior analyst 高级分析师be confined to something 被限制于，局限于frame n. 框架，范围reference n. 参考geophysical adj. 地球物理学的propel v. 推动，推进，加速broad adj. 宽阔的，巨大的，广泛的broaden v. 拓展fissure n./ v. 缝隙，裂痕（= crack ）entire adj. 完全的，整体的entirely adv. 完全地，彻底地entirely reasonable 完全合理的entirely different story 完全不同的情况initiate v. 开始，引发take initiative 积极行动，采取主动medical initiative 医疗动机formation n. 形成mutability n. 变形；易变性consistent adj.一直的,一贯的~ly adv. 一直inconsistency n. 不一致，变化apart adv. 分开dome n. 拱型，圆屋顶be deducted from 由… 推论出stable adj. 稳定stability n. 稳定Unit 11rough adj. 粗糙的，粗略的；困难，复杂roughly adv. 大约，大致（后跟数字或数目）slip v. 滑倒warning n. 警告warn of/against提醒注意…,发出关于…的警告disaster n. 灾难catastrophe n. 大灾难tragedy n. 悲剧，灾难lawsuit n. 法律诉讼sue v.起诉appeal v. (to,for)上诉，申诉compensate sb. for 赔偿，补偿compensation n. 赔偿，补偿or so 大约jury n. 陪审团hold v. 认为，主张；保持be liable for adj. 负法律责任，对…应负责任be liable to 易…的，有…可能的liability n. 义务，法律责任misfortune n. 不幸fortune n. 运气；财富；财产状况,经济状况cautious adj. 小心谨慎的caution n./v. 小心谨慎；警告precaution n. 预防，防范，警惕appropriate adj. 正确，适当的= proper inappropriate subject 不恰当的题材drug interaction 药物过敏，药物交互作用interact with 互动，相互作用interactive adj. 互动的interactivity n. 互动性federal adj. 联邦的regulation n. 管理规定，规则regulate v.规范，管理regular adj. 规则的，标准的；定期的regularity n. 规律性，规则性customer n. 顾客，消费者client n.顾客，客户potential customer 潜在顾客，可能的顾客customize n. 量身定制，定做，用户化take somebody to court 将…告上法庭turn the tide潮流倒转，逆转潮流reverse the trend 逆转这一潮流,逆转这一趋势claim n. 索赔；主张；宣称，声称unquestioned claim 毋庸置疑的言论proclaim v. 宣称（= claim）side with / back up 支持paralyze v. 麻痹，瘫痪paralysis n. 瘫痪parallel n. 类似事物或做法a.平行的unparalleled adj.无以伦比的= unmatched unsurpassed might无法超越、空前的巨大力量unprecedented a. 史无前例的，空前的precede v. 先于，在… 之前（发生）proceed to 着手做，进入（下一个议程或项目）athlete n. 运动员institute n. 学院，机构judge n. 法官v. 判断judgement n.判断justice n. 司法；正义；法官recommendation n.建议；推荐recommend v. 建议；推荐counsel v. 建议carry v. 有，蕴含着，承载着carry substantial weight 很有分量substantial adj. 相当大的；相当多的= considerableweight n. 分量，重量issue v. 发布，出台n. 问题，争端，事务guideline n. 指导，方针，大纲tort law 侵权法state v. 声明，陈述，规定statement n bombard sb. with… v. 用…狂轰滥炸lengthy adj.（演说、文章等）冗长的= tedious lengthen v. 延长shorten v. 缩短get buried 被掩埋，被忽略= be buried triviality n. 琐碎的事务draft v. 起草n. 草案，草稿moderate adj. 适度，中等的have one’s way 按照…的愿望行事，顺利进行for the benefit of / in the interest of 为了…的利益find fault with 找茬，挑错promise v. 承诺n. 前途intellectual promise 读书方面的前途political promise 政治前途promising adj. 有前景的inadequacy n. 不足，不完美inadequate adj.不够充分的,不完全,不够的make the best use of 充分利用be / feel obliged to do不得不demonstrate v.说明,显示,表明= illustratediscard v. 抛弃discard… in words 口头，表面上抛弃Unit 12web business = internet commerce= online transaction 在线商务，互联网贸易anti-consumerism 反消费主义，抵制消费第一的观念consumer n. 消费者culture of consumption 消费文化medical consumer 医疗消费者fashion n. 时尚v.制定,开发,研发(=develop)attain a certain fashion 一定程度上得到流行old-fashioned a. 落伍的，过时的fashionable a. 时髦的，流行的revolve around v. 围绕…展开或进行tap v. 开发~ the market 开发市场make sense 合理，行得通；有意义nonetheless adv. 然而，但是(= nevertheless ) hesitate v. 犹豫，犹豫不决doubt v. 怀疑self-doubt n. 自我怀疑doubter n. 怀疑者dubious a. 半信半疑的reliable adj. 可靠的fairly ~ 相当可靠的reliability n. 可靠性trust v./n. 信任n. 托拉斯，大型垄断企业distrust v. 不信任mistrust v. 不信任，怀疑trustworthy adj. 可靠的pathway n. 路径path n. 路径risk v./n. 风险，冒…的风险= threatenrisk doing something 冒险做某事partner n. 伙伴give somebody access to 允许出入，允许接触access n. 接近，利用（网络）accessible adj. 可获得的，可利用的intranet n. （单位内部）局域网model n./v. 模式，方式，模仿，建模focus on 集中于；全神贯注于available adj. 可以得到的，可以用的available online 在网上可得到的site n. 位址，场所；网址=websitedirect a. 直接的，径直的indirect a. 间接的transmit v. 传播，传染transmission n. message n. 信息，消息send out messages screen savor 屏幕保护deliver v.传送，送货上门；发言，发表演说updated adj. 最新的，更新的stream n.流,河流,一连串tourist streams客流a stream of 一系列的，一连串的streams of news/information 大量的新闻、信息subscriber n. 订阅者subscribe v. （to）同意，赞同monitor n. 监视器，显示器as yet （到目前为止）尚未not…(just) yet 尚未special sales 减价销售，特价销售commercial promotion 商业促销promote v. 推动，促进；促销；提拔byproduct n. 副产品produce v. 生产出,创造出;培养出n. 产品side-effect n. 副作用offer v. 提供；出价，报价provide v. 提供= offerprovided conj. 如果（= if）think tank 智囊团notion n. 观念，概念，想法，意见connotation n. 内涵，含义，意义event n. 活动，事件，事情eventually adv. 最终，最后flow v. 流动request n. 要求once adv. 以前，曾经（= used to）；一旦，如果univited a. 不请自来的，未经请求的distinction n. 区别；显赫身份，声望distinct a. 截然不同的，明显独特的draw v. 做比较，进行区别draw distinctions/ comparisons between …and …对…进行比较,区别两者comparison n. 比较（相同点或不同点）prospect n. 前景raise the ~ 使前景变得光明job prospect 就业前景career prospect职业前景horrify v. 吓唬，恐吓，令人害怕，使害怕Net purist网络纯净主义者pure a. 纯粹的, 纯洁的resort to something 借助，采取，求助于the best resort 最好的办法，最好的手段the last resort最后的手段；终审法庭，最高法庭the right mix of …and ……和…的有机结合cost n.支出，成本；代价at all ~s 不惜一切代价地cost and benefit 利弊costly adj. 昂贵的= expensivefree fall 自由落体，自由降落enterprise n. 企业silicon n. 硅，电脑业in silicon在互联网上silicon chips 硅片，芯片，集成电路板set up 设立，创立take the online plunge投身于互联网,置身于网络expand v. 扩大expansion n. 扩展fanciful adj. 新奇的in vain 徒劳，白费，没有用处boom v.繁荣，迅猛发展baby boom生育高峰enjoy the widest popularity 得到流行，受到欢迎popular adj. 受欢迎的；大众的popular culture 大众文化populist n. 大众主义者，平民主义者adj. 大众主义者的，大众的faith n. 忠诚，信任give priority to 重视，认为…优先function v.起作用,运行,行使职责n.功能，职责functional adj. 功能性的leading adj. 主要的，重要的；领先的Unit 13invisible adj. 看不见的，无形的visible adj. 看得见的border n. 边界，界限frontier n. 边境，前方divide v. 分开，划分开n. 差距，鸿沟digital divide数字化鸿沟division n. 分歧,分隔,分离argue for赞成，支持，同意= subscribe =favor argue v.坚决主张,认为=claim=hold=contend argument n. 论点，观点；论据on behalf of 代表…，为了…= on one’s behalfexplore v. 探索，探讨，探究，研究exploration n. 探究，研究subject n.题目,主题;学科adj.遭受…的,容易受到…（影响）的be subject to (n.) 受限制，属于subject matter 主题，主旨go to 是…go to the heart of 是… 的核心或关键indeed adv. (加强语气)确实，事实上campaign n. 运动，活动v. 发起运动，活动aim at 目的在于= aim towardsaimlessness n. 毫无目的，毫无目标require v. 要求concept n. 概念；观念，想法conception n. 概念assess v. 评价，评估possess v. 拥有，占有= ownpossession n. 拥有；财产livelihood n. 生活be equipped with 具有…的能力；配备有…the case 实情，情况，状况this is always the case 事实总是如此this is not always the case 事实并非只是如此pursue v. 继续，从事；追求，追逐pursuit n. 追求，追逐，努力= questintellectual pursuit 在知识方面的追求intellectual inquiry 在知识方面的探究、研究be fit to do 适合于forsake…for…=replace…with…=trade…with…以…取代…；用（后者）取代（前者）forsake v. 抛弃，放弃betray v. 与…相违背，背离了；露出…迹象cheer v. 欢呼cheery adj. 高兴的，兴奋的cheer somebody on 为…鼓劲加油cheering adj. 令人兴奋的，令人高兴的outlook n. 观点，见解= viewworld outlook 世界观=outlook on the worldoutlook on life 人生观bank on 依赖，依靠；指望，期望= count onvocation n. 职业vacation n. 假期vocational adj. 职业的，为职业做准备的~ education 职业（技术）教育=technical educationemphasize v. 强调，重视emphasis n.emphasis on the basics 强调基础教育emphasis on test-taking 强调应试教育emphasis on moral education 强调道德教育graduate v. 毕业生。

考研英语核心词汇第1天任务instrumentalist [,instru'mentəlist, instrə-]乐器演奏者；工具主义者aggravate ['æɡrəveit]使恶化；使严重prominent ['prɔminənt]突起的，凸出的 a ～ forehead prompt [prɔmpt]敏捷的，迅速的 He is ～ on the jobpreach [pri:tʃ]讲道，布道～ to a packed churchpreside [pri'zaid]主持，主管（at, over）The vice chairman of the board will ～ at today’s meetingintellectual [,intə'lektjuəl, -tʃuəl]n. 知识分子 adj. 智力的，显示智力的preoccupation [pri:,ɔkju'peiʃən] n. 当务之急；抢先占据theological [,θi:ə'lɔdʒikəl] adj. 神学的；神学性质的civility [si'viləti] n. 文明，文化virtuosity [,və:tju'ɔsəti] n. 艺术鉴别力；艺术上的精湛技巧sermon ['sə:mən] n. 训诫，说教，布道routine [ru:'ti:n] n. 常规，例行公事 a. 日常的, 常规的paradoxical [,pærə'dɔksikəl] a. 反论的，荒谬的，自相矛盾的harassment ['hærəsmənt, hə'ræsmənt] n.骚扰，扰乱；烦恼，烦乱presume [pri'zju:m, -'zu:m]推测，假定，假设From the way they talked, I ～d them to be marriedprevail [pri'veil, pri:-]流行，盛行 This custom still ～s among members of the older generationprey [prei]被捕食的动物，捕获物 The lion seized its ～ and ate itprick [prik]一刺，一扎 The boy burst the balloon with a ～ of the needleproceed [prəu'si:d]（尤指停顿或打断后）继续进行 The train ～ed at the same speed as beforerape [reip] n.强奸；破坏，蹂躏 vt.强奸；破坏，蹂躏rash [ræʃ] a.轻率的，鲁莽的 [反]deliberate n.皮疹guideline ['ɡaidlain] n.指导方针，指导原则，准则，标准gut [ɡʌt] n.[pl.]胆量；内脏a.本能的vt.取出内脏habitat ['hæbitæt] n.（动物的）栖息地，（植物的）产地refugee [,refju'dʒi:, 'refjudʒi:] n.（政治上的）避难者，难民refund [ri'fʌnd] n.v. 退款；赔偿relish ['reliʃ] n.喜好，乐趣；美味；胃口 v.爱好，喜欢remnant ['remnənt] n.残余，剩余；残余物，残存部分renaissance [ri'neisns] n.[the R-]文艺复兴（时期）；新生，复兴ritual ['ritjuəl, -tʃu-]a.宗教仪式的，典礼的 n.仪式，典礼；惯例salvation [sæl'veiʃən] n.（尤指基督）救世，超度；拯救，解困sanction ['sæŋ,kʃən] v.同意（某事），批准，认可 n.批准,国际制裁sane [sein] a.心智健全的，神志清醒的；明断的，理智的sarcastic [sɑ:'kæztik] a.讽刺的，嘲笑的，挖苦的saturate ['sætʃəreit, 'sætʃərit] vt.使湿透，浸透；使充满，使饱和repertoire ['repətwɑ:] n.全部剧目,保留剧目,全部技能repression [ri'preʃən] n.压抑，压制，镇压retention [ri'tenʃən] n.保留；保持；记忆（力）retort [ri'tɔ:t] n.v.报复；反击；反驳boost [bu:st] n.促进，激励；一抬；一推 vt.推动，增强bowel ['bauəl] n.肠；［pl.］内部，深处retrieve [ri'tri:v] vt.重新得到，取回；挽回，补救；检索retrospect ['retrəuspekt] v.n.回顾，回想，追溯[反]foresee revelation [,revə'leiʃən] n.揭示，透露，显示；被揭示的真相，新发现rut [rʌt] n.车辙，常轨，惯例v.在……形成车辙redundant [ri'dʌndənt] a.被解雇的；多余的，过剩的chromosome ['krəuməsəum]性染色体virtually ['və:tʃuəli]事实上；差不多disdain [dis'dein]蔑视；鄙视第2天任务anemia [ə'ni:miə]反常的boycott ['bɔikɔt] 拒绝购买，抵制troupe [tru:p] 剧团；巡回演出philharmonic [,filhɑ:'mɔnik, ,filə-] 交响乐团的；爱好音乐的pension ['penʃən]退休金；养老金；抚恤金lobby ['lɔbi]游说；疏通compelling [kəm'peliŋ] 有说服力的；扣人心悬的intuitively [in'tju:itivli]直觉的；直观的virtuosity [,və:tju'ɔsəti]精湛技艺；艺术爱好者priority [prai'ɔrəti] n. 优先（权） v. 把……（计划或目标）列入优先地位recession [ri'seʃən] n. 撤回，工商业之衰退，不景气deride [di'raid] v. 嘲弄，嘲笑ancestor ['ænsestə] n. 祖先，先驱，起源foreseeable ['fɔ:si:əbl] adj. 可预知的，能预测的，能看透的boost [bu:st] v.推进paternal [pə'tə:nl] adj.父亲的, 象父亲的kinship ['kinʃip] n.血缘关系genealogist [,dʒi:ni'ælədʒist] n.系谱学者, 系谱专家swabbing ['swɔbiŋ] n. 拖把, 药签vt.拭抹, 擦洗saliva [sə'laivə] n.口水, 唾液hawk [hɔ:k] n.鹰, 鹰派成员vi.放鹰, 像鹰一般地袭击 vt.捕捉, 咳出, 兜售mitochondrial [,maitəu'kɔndriəl] n.【生】线粒体rigorous ['riɡərəs] a.严格的，严厉的，严酷的（气候条件）riot ['raiət] n.暴（骚）乱；（色彩等）极度丰富vi.聚众闹事rip [rip] v.猛撕开；扯开；被撕开；裂开scandal ['skændəl] n.丑事，丑闻；流言蜚语；反感，愤慨scramble ['skræmbl] vi.（快速地）爬，攀登；互相争夺，争先siege [si:dʒ] n.包围，围攻，围困sceptical ['skeptikəl] a.怀疑的skim [skim] vt.撇去（液体表面）之漂浮物 vi.轻轻掠过skip [skip] vi.略过，跳过 n.跳跃 vt.故意忽略；略过texture ['tekstʃə] n.（织物）质地；（材料）构造；结构；肌理transcend [træn'send, trɑ:n-] vt. 超出，超越（理性等）的范围abolish [ə'bɔliʃ]彻底废除（法律、制度、习俗等）abolish old custoprime [praim] a.首要的，主要的 a matter of ～ importance foul [faul] a.令人不快的；恶臭的；邪恶的 v.弄脏 n.（体育等）犯规fridge [fridʒ] n.（refrigerator的略语）冰箱radiant ['reidiənt] a.（面容、目光）洋溢着幸福的，明亮照耀的rap [ræp] vt.急敲；突然厉声说出；训斥n.急敲（声）thermal ['θə:məl] a.热的，由热造成的～burnstrail [treil]痕迹，足迹 a ～ of destruction left by the violencetramp [træmp]步行，跋涉 He loves ～ing over the hills fringe [frindʒ] n.边缘；（窗帘）缘饰；额前垂发 vt.饰…的边fume [fju:m] n.（usu pl.）（浓烈或难闻的）烟，气，汽blur [blə:] n.模糊不清的事物 vt.使模糊，使看不清楚browse [brauz] vi.随意翻阅，浏览；（牛、羊等）吃草prior ['praiə]在先的，在前的 Stop making public statements without their ～ approval hereprivilege ['privilidʒ]特权，优惠，特免 In countries where there are still not many schools, education is a ～probe [prəub]探索，探查，调查～ the roots of war absolute ['æbsəlju:t, ,æbsə'lju:t]纯粹的，完全的 have absolute trust in sb.verge [və:dʒ]边，边缘，边沿 the ～ of a streamverify ['verifai]证明，证实Subsequent events verified my suspicionsvertical ['və:tikəl]垂直的，立式的 a ～ engineveto ['vi:təu]否决，否决权，否决权的行使 The rest of the committee could not accept the ～accustom [ə'kʌstəm]使习惯于 accustom oneself to rising （to rise） earlyacquaint [ə'kweint]使认识，使了解第3天任务homogenization [hɔ,mɔdʒənai'zeiʃən, -ni'z-]同化；均匀化toxic ['tɔksik] a.有毒的，因中毒引起的breach [bri:tʃ] n.违反，不履行；破裂 vt.冲破，攻破briefcase ['bri:fkeis] n.手提箱，公事皮包ambiguous [æm'biɡjuəs]含糊不清的，模棱两可的an ambiguous answerozone ['əuzəun] n. 臭氧；清新的空气pact [pækt] n.合同，条约，公约tournament ['tuənəmənt, 'tɔ:-, 'tə:-]锦标赛；联赛paperback ['peipəbæk] n.平装本，简装本script [skript] n.剧本（原稿）；手稿，原稿；笔迹，手迹scrutiny ['skru:tini] n.周密的调查；仔细看；监视；选票复查sculpture ['skʌlptʃə] n.雕刻（术），雕塑（术）；雕刻作品tame [teim]驯化的，驯服的，温顺的～animailstan [tæn]棕黄色，黄褐色 buy some shoes in tanabrupt [ə'brʌpt]突然的，意外的 an abrupt departure acute [ə'kju:t]尖锐的，敏锐的 an acute thinkerversatile ['və:sətail]多才多艺的 a ～ manversus ['və:səs]诉讼，竞赛等中以……为对手 The match tonight is China ～ Japanblunt [blʌnt]钝的 The sun was blazing down and the heat was oppressive.blush [blʌʃ]（因害羞、激动、窘困）脸红 blush with（或for）joydemonstrate ['demənstreit]论证，证明：demonstrate a philosophical principlethrill [θril]使非常兴奋，使非常激动 It’s a sight that never fails to ～ methrive [θraiv]兴旺发达，繁荣 His business is thriving mania ['meiniə]狂躁；狂热tempt [tempt]引诱，诱惑 Nothing could ～ me to do such a thing strain [strein]拉紧，绷紧 If you ～ the elastic any more, it will breakstrap [stræp]带，皮带 silks ～sstretch [[stretʃ]]伸直，伸长 He yawned and ～ed himselfstride [straid] 阔步前进，大踏步走He strode to the platform string [striŋ]细绳，线，带 She took the parcel and started to undo the stringstrip [strip]剥去，除去 The wind stripped the tree of all its leavestoast ['təust]烤面包，吐司 two slices of ～】noteworthy ['nəut,wə:ði]值得注意的；显著的quirk [kwə:k]巧合；怪癖第4天任务fallout ['fɔ:l'aut]放射性尘埃;后果；余波neurology [,njuə'rɔlədʒi]神经病学的；神经的token ['təukən]表示，标志，象征He did that as a ～ of good faithtorture ['tɔ:tʃə]拷打，拷问～ a confession from a prisoner accommodate [ə'kɔmədeit]使适应，使符合一accommodate oneself to changed circumstancesunfold [,ʌn'fəuld]展开，打开～ a newspaperupdate [ʌp'deit, 'ʌpdeit]更新，使现代化～a textbookuphold [ʌp'həuld]举起，高举 He upheld his clenched hand adhere [əd'hiə]黏附，附着 Paste is used to make one surface adhere to another.adjacent [ə'dʒeisənt]临近的，毗邻的（to） a city and its adjacent suburbsadjoin [ə'dʒɔin]贴近，与...毗邻 His house adjoins the lake.thrust [θrʌst] 推，刺，戳，插，挤He was ～ into powertilt [tilt]使倾斜，使倾倒 Tilt your head back so that I can look down your throattoss [tɔs, tɔ:s]扔，抛，掷 The children tossed the ball to each othertough [tʌf]坚韧的，牢固的 Some plastic are as ～ as metal tow [təu]拖，拉，牵引 tow a damaged ship into portabsurd [əb'sə:d]荒谬的，荒唐的 The idea that number 14 brings bad luck is absurd.uproar ['ʌprɔ:]骚乱，骚动The public ～over unclear-radiation hazards continues to mountutter ['ʌtə]发出（声音等），说，吐露～ the truthlavatory ['lævətəri, -,tɔ:ri]盥洗室；洗手间cognitive ['kɔɡnitiv]认知的；后天习得的slope [sləup]倾斜，有坡度 The ground ～s down sharply at this pointsly [slai]狡猾的，偷偷的 a ～answersmash [smæʃ]打碎，打破，摧毁 The ball ～ed the window snatch [snætʃ]夺得，一把抓住 The thief ～ed her handbag and ran offimmune [i'mju:n] 免除的，豁免的：Nobody is immune from criticism impact ['impækt, im'pækt]冲击，撞击：the impact of light on the eyeimpair [im'pεə]削弱，减少：The output of produce was impaired by the bad weatherimpartial [im'pɑ:ʃəl]公正的，无偏见的：A judge should be impartialimplement ['implimənt, 'impliment]工具，器具，用具：new types of farm implementsstitch [stitʃ]一针，针脚 Make your ～es closer together compliance [kəm'plaiəns]服从；顺从；可塑性superfluous [sju'pə:fluəs] 过多的，剩余的，多余的a ～remark supervise ['sju:pəvaiz]监督，管理，指导～ sb’s every move vanish ['væniʃ]突然消失，逐渐消散 With a wave of his hand, the magician made the rabbitveil [veil]面纱，面罩 Jewish women wore ～s in token of reverence and submissionventilate ['ventileit]使通风，使空气流通～ a roomventure ['ventʃə]冒险，冒险行动，投机行动take a ～ in oil uncover [,ʌn'kʌvə]揭开，揭露～ a dish of food underestimate [,ʌndə'estimeit]低估～ the difficulties of the taskreassure [,ri:ə'ʃuə] v.使安心，使放心；使消除疑虑highlight ['hailait] n. 精彩场面，最显著（重要）部分vt. 加亮, 使显著falter ['fɔ:ltə] 颤抖；蹒跚；衰弱forfeit ['fɔ:fit]被罚；罚金；没收provocation 挑衅；激怒connotation [,kɔnəu'teiʃən]含义；言外之意第5天任务susceptible [sə'septəbl]易受影响的；易感染的；易动感情的vulnerable ['vʌlnərəbl]易受伤的；脆弱的recede [ri'si:d] v.退去；缩进；收回，撤回 [反]approach recipient [ri'sipiənt] n.a person who receives sth 收到者reckless ['reklis] a.不注意的,大意的,卤莽的,不顾后果的rectangle ['rek,tæŋɡl] n.[数]矩形, 长方形recur [ri'kə:] v.（尤指不好的事）一再发生；重现portray [pɔ:'trei, pəu-] v.描写，描述；画（人物、景象等）prone [prəun] a.（to）易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的prophet ['prɔfit] n.预言家；先知；提倡者undergo [,ʌndə'ɡəu]经历，遭受，忍受～ much suffering underlie [,ʌndə'lai]位于……之下 Many facts ～ my decision undermine [,ʌndə'main] 在……下挖～ a wallaccord [ə'kɔ:d]使符合，相一致（with）His violent action do not accord with his peaceful words.account [ə'kaunt]记述，叙述 give a brief account of whathas happenedaddress [ə'dres]演说 a television addressultimate ['ʌltimət]最后的，最终的 The war ended for us in ～victoryunanimous [ju:'næniməs]全体一致的，一致同意的 They are ～in asking for a rise in payundertake [,ʌndə'teik] 着手做，从事～ an attack undesirable [,ʌndi'zaiərəbl]不合意的，不受欢迎的 The drug has ～ side effectsuneasy [,ʌn'i:zi]心神不宁的，不安宁的 be ～uneasy about the futurevirtue ['və:tju:]美德，德行Among her many ～s are loyalty ,courage, and truthfulnesssubstitute ['sʌbstitju:t, -tu:t]代替者，代替物 He is the doctor’s ～ during holidays timessubtle ['sʌtl]微妙的，巧妙的 His whole attitude has undergone a ～ changesubtract [səb'trækt] 减，减去 Subtract 4 from 10 you get 6succession [sək'seʃən]连续，一系列 a ～ of debatessuck [sʌk]吸，A large mosquito was sucking blood from the back of her handvital ['vaitəl]有生命力的 The heart is a ～ organvoid [vɔid]空的 a ～ spacewedge [wedʒ]楔子，三角木 Please put a ～ in the door so that it will stay opendiffuse [di'fju:s]四散开；漫射xerox ['ziərɔks]静电复印（法），静电复印件，静电复印机 Make me a ～ of this report.yield [ji:ld]生产，产生，带来 This orchard ～s apples and pears.zeal [zi:l]热心，热忱，热情 a man of ～zigzag ['ziɡzæɡ] 之字形的，弯曲的 a ～ roadwarrant ['wɔrənt, 'wɔ:-]授权，批准，正当理由，根据 He had no ～ for his actionwaterproof ['wɔ:təpru:f, 'wɔ-]不透水的，防水的～materialwhisper ['hwispə]低语，耳语，轻声说～ to sbvicious ['viʃəs] 邪恶的，恶毒的，凶残的 lead a ～ life volunteer [,vɔlən'tiə]志愿者，自愿参加者 Are there any ～s for a swim?audit ['ɔ:dit] v.审计；查帐；核对；旁听第6天任务archive ['ɑ:kaiv]存档；归档vibrate [vai'breit]使震动，使摆动His heavy footsteps upstairs made the old house ～weld [weld]焊接，煅接 It takes speed to ～ steel at this heat whirl [hwə:l]旋转，急转 The couples ～ed round the dance flooraudio ['ɔ:diəu] n./a.音频（响）（的）；声音（的），听觉（的）auditorium [,ɔ:di'tɔ:riəm] n.观众席，听众席；会堂，礼堂stab [stæb]刺，戳，猛的一击，突发的一阵 a ～ of anxiety stacked [stækt] 整齐的一叠 a ～ of billsstain [stein]玷污，污染 His shirt was ～ed with bloodstale [steil]食品等不新鲜的，走味的These old peanutstaste ～stall [stɔ:l]牛舍startle ['stɑ:tl]惊吓，使吃惊 The horse ～s easily affiliation [ə,fili'eiʃən]从属群体，从属单位addict [ə'dikt,'ædikt] v.使沉溺；使上瘾 n.沉溺于不良嗜好的人advent ['ædvənt] n.（重要事件等的）到来，来临affluent ['æfluənt] a. 富裕的，富足的stock [stɔk]原料，备料，库存，现货 Rags are used as a ～ for making paperstoop [stu:p]俯身，弯腰She ～ed to pick up her fan statistics [stə'tistiks]统计，统计资料 The recent ～ on marriage are interestingsteer [stiə]掌舵，驾驶～ a car through the entrance authentic [ɔ:'θentik] a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的awe [ɔ:] n.敬畏，惊惧vt.使敬畏，使惊惧bait [beit] n.饵，引诱物 vt.用饵引诱；招惹，捉弄balcony ['bælkəni] n.阳台；（电影院等的）楼厅，楼座ballet ['bælei, bæ'lei] n.芭蕾舞，芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞团bizarre [bi'zɑ:] adj.异乎寻常的，稀奇古怪的stubborn ['stʌbən]顽固的，倔强的 The ～ boy refused to listen to his parents’advicestuff [stʌf] 原料，材料，物品，东西 He has got all the ～ ready for building his new housesubmerge [səb'mə:dʒ]浸没，淹没，湮没 The stream overflowed and ～d the farmlandsubmit [səb'mit]屈服，服从，投降～ to foreign pressure anguish ['æŋɡwiʃ] n.（尤指心灵上的）极度痛苦，烦恼antique [æn'ti:k] a.古式的，过时的n.有价值的古物，古董appall [ə'pɔ:l] v.使胆寒,使惊骇（a. appalling）wrap [ræp]包，裹～ oneself in a blanketwreck [rek]失事，遇难 a train ～wrench [rentʃ]扳手 He is a ～ .ballot ['bælət] n.（不记名）投票；投票总数；投票权 vi.投票barbecue ['bɑ:bikju:] n.烤肉用的台架；烤肉野餐 vt.在台架上烤肉barren ['bærən] a.贫瘠的；不育的；（植物）不结果的；无用的belly ['beli] n.肚子，腹部；（像肚子一样）鼓起的部分，膛benign [bi'nain] a.（病）良性的,（气候）良好的,仁慈的,和蔼的第7天任务bipedal ['bai,pedəl, bai'pe-]两足动物的；直立姿势的secular ['sekjulə]现世的；非宗教的beverage ['bevəridʒ] n.（水，酒等之外的）饮料bin [bin] n.（贮藏食物等用的）箱子wrinkle ['riŋkl]皱，皱纹 He will wore the ～s of anxiety on his forehead.album ['ælbəm] n. 唱片;集邮册,相册subordinate [sə'bɔ:dinət, -neit, sə'bɔ:dineit]下级的 In the army ,captains are ～ to majorsstationary ['steiʃənəri]固定的，静止的，非流动的～ troops amiable ['eimjəbl] a.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的amid [ə'mid] prep.在…中间，在…之中，被…围绕auction ['ɔ:kʃən] n.／vt.拍卖blueprint ['blu:print] n.蓝图，设计图，计划 vt.制成蓝图，计划ego ['i:ɡəu, 'eɡəu] n.自我，自负，利已主义；（心理学）自我意识eligible ['elidʒəbl]a.有条件被选中的；（尤指婚姻等）合适（意）的endow [in'dau] vt.资助，捐赠；（with）给予，赋予escalate ['eskəleit] v.（使）逐步增长（或发展），（使）逐步升级escort ['eskɔ:t, i'skɔ:t] vt.护送（卫）；陪同 n.警卫，护送者；仪仗兵evade [i'veid] vt.逃避，回避；避开，躲避arrogant ['ærəɡənt] a.傲慢的，自大的arrogant ['ærəɡənt] n.动脉；干线，要道aspire [ə'spaiə] vi.（to，after）渴望，追求，有志于assassinate [ə'sæsineit] vt.暗杀，行刺；中伤waken ['weikən]醒来，睡醒He wakened when the alarm soundedvirtual ['və:tʃuəl] 实际上的，事实上的 the ～ manager of the businessweary ['wiəri]疲倦的，疲劳的 a ～ lookvigor ['viɡə]体力，精力，活力 in the ～ of manhoodviolate ['vaiəleit]违反，违背～ the traffic regulations zone [zəun]地带，分布带 a danger ～abdomen [æb'dəumen, 'æbdəmen] n.腹，下腹（胸部到腿部的部分）abound [ə'baund] vi.大量存在；（in，with）充满，富于acclaim [ə'kleim] v.向…欢呼，公认 n.欢呼，喝彩，称赞supplement ['sʌplimənt, 'sʌpləment] 增补，补充 a ～ to wagesalleviate [ə'li:vieit]减轻；缓解；缓和infancy ['infənsi] 婴儿期；早期；初始阶段第8天任务spur [spə:]前进的，有动力的extract [ik'strækt, 'ekstrækt]拔出；摘录出insightful ['in,saitful]富有洞察力的；有深刻见解的provocative [prəu'vɔkətiv]煽动性的；刺激的suppress [sə'pres] 压制，镇压～human rightssupreme [sju'pri:m, sə-] 最高的，至上的 a ～ rulersurpass [sə'pɑ:s, -'pæs] 超过，优于，强于，胜过～ advanced worldsurplus ['sə:plʌs, -pləs] 过剩，剩余 a teacher ～vain [vein]徒劳的，无效的～ effortsvalid ['vælid]有根据的 a ～ excuseblackmail ['blækmeil] n.讹诈，敲诈，勒索；胁迫，恫吓blouse [blauz] n.女衬衣，短上衣，宽阔的罩衫foster ['fɔstə] vt. 照管；培养；促进bruise [bru:z] n.青肿，挫伤；伤痕vt.打青；挫伤bully ['buli] n.恃强欺弱者，小流氓 vt.威胁，欺侮bureaucracy [bjuə'rɔkrəsi] n.官僚主义，官僚机构；（非民选的）委任官员burglar ['bə:ɡlə] n.（入室行窃的）盗贼cape [keip] n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风carbohydrate [,kɑ:bəu'haidreit]n.碳水化合物; 糖类；（plural）淀粉质或糖类clergy ['klə:dʒi] n.[总称]牧师，神职人员coalition [,kəuə'liʃən] n.结合体，同盟；结合，联合costume ['kɔstju:m, kɔ'stju:m] n. 戏装；泳装；服装cosy ['kəuzi] /cozy a.暖和舒服的；舒适的 [反]uncomfortable credentials [kri'denʃəlz] n.（个人能力及信用的）证明书，证件ebb [eb] vi.衰退，减退 n.处于低潮，处于衰退状态eccentric [ik'sentrik] a.古怪的，怪癖的，异乎寻常的n.古怪的人futile ['fju:tail] a.无效的，无用的，无希望的gender ['dʒendə] n.（生理上的）性；（名词、代词等的）性glamour ['ɡlæmə] n.魔力，魅力 vt.迷住strenuous ['strenjuəs] a.费力的，艰辛的；奋发的，努力的strife [straif] n.争吵；冲突，斗争；竞争gorgeous ['ɡɔ:dʒəs] a.华丽的；灿烂的；美丽的；宜人的；棒的graphic ['ɡræfik] a.生动的，形象的；绘画的，文字的，图表的第9天任务layoff ['leiɔf] n.临时解雇；关闭；停歇lottery ['lɔtəri] n.抽彩；碰运气的事，难于算计的事majesty ['mædʒisti] n. stately, grand appearance; splendor 雄伟，壮丽，庄严majestic a.maneuver/manoeuvre [mə'nu:və] vi.熟练地进入medieval [,medi'i:vəl, ,mi:-] a. 中世纪的excerpt [ek'sə:pt, 'eksə:pt] n.摘录，节录 vt.摘，引用feat [fi:t] n.功绩，伟业，技艺federation ['fedəreiʃən] n.联合会；结盟，联合fore [fɔ:] ad.在前面 a.先前的；在前部的 n.前部solitary ['sɔlitəri] a.（好）孤独的；偏僻的；单一的，唯一的solo ['səuləu] n.独奏 a. ad.单独的（地）；独唱的（地）spiral ['spaiərəl] a.螺旋形的 n.螺旋，螺线 v.螺旋上升；盘旋stagger ['stæɡə] vi.摇晃着移动;蹒跚 n.摇晃不稳的动作;蹒跚stalk [stɔ:k] n.茎，梗vt.悄悄地跟踪vi.高视阔步地走statute ['stætju:t, -tʃu:t] n.成文法，法令，法规；章程，规则，条例steak [steik] n.牛排；大块肉（或鱼）片stereotype ['steriəutaip, 'stiə-] n.陈规，老套，模式化 vt.使定型，使模式化formidable ['fɔ:midəbl] a. difficult to defeat or deal with 难对付的；可怕的meditate ['mediteit] v.认真思考，沉思；计划，考虑momentum [məu'mentəm] n. 动量；动力；势头monarch ['mɔnək, -ɑ:k] n.帝王，君主，最高统治者motivate ['məutiveit] vt.促动；激励，鼓励，作为…的动机optimum ['ɔptiməm] a.最适宜的 n.（生长繁殖的）最佳条件option ['ɔpʃən] n.选择（权）；可选择的事物（或人），选课overturn [,əuvə'tə:n, 'əuvətə:n] n. 推翻stun [stʌn] vt.使…失去知觉；使目瞪口呆，使吃惊subsidy ['sʌbsidi] n.补助金；津贴费suffice [sə'fais] v.足够，（食物）满足suite [swi:t] n.套间；一套家具；套，组，系列summit ['sʌmit] n.顶，最高点；颠峰，高峰；最高级会议superstition [,sju:pə'stiʃən] n.迷信，迷信的观念习俗oxid ['ɔksid] e n. 氧化物grim [ɡrim] a.严酷的，令人害怕的；不愉快的，讨厌的第10天任务grin [ɡrin] n.vi. 露齿笑，咧嘴笑grope [ɡrəup] vi.暗中摸，摸索；探索，搜寻vt.摸索heave [hi:v] v.（用力）举，提，拉；扔；拖；呕吐n.举起herb [hə:b, ə:b] n.药草，（调味用的）香草，草本植物hierarchy ['haiə,rɑ:ki] n.等级制度；统治集团，领导层pilgrim ['pilɡrim] n.最初的移民（P大写，指1620由欧洲移居美国的清教徒）plea [pli:] n.（法律）抗辩；请求，恳求，托词，口实skull [skʌl] n.头盖骨，颅骨slaughter ['slɔ:tə] n.屠杀，屠宰 vt.屠杀，宰杀slot [slɔt] n.狭缝；空位vt.放入狭缝中；把…纳入sneak [sni:k] vi.偷偷地走，溜vt.偷偷地做（或拿、吃）sneeze [sni:z] vi.打喷嚏，发喷嚏声n.喷嚏agitatedly ['ædʒi,teitidli]搅动（液体等） The machine agitated the mixture.alarm [ə'lɑ:m]惊恐，忧虑 The bandits scattered in alarm. alert [ə'lə:t]警惕的，留神的 In our reading we should always be alert for new usages.alien ['eiljən]外国的 adjust to an alien cultureallege [ə'ledʒ]断言，宣称 The newspaper alleges the mayor's guilt.allocate ['æləukeit]分配，分派，把...拨给 allocate funds for new projectssniff [snif] vi.嗅…味道；抽鼻涕；对嗤之以鼻，蔑视soar [sɔ:] vi.（指鸟等）高飞，翱翔；飞涨；高耸sociable ['səuʃəbl] a.好交际的，友好的，合群的solidarity [,sɔli'dæriti] n.团结；休戚相关surge [sə:dʒ] vi.（如浪潮般）汹涌；奔腾 n.（感情等的）洋溢susceptible [sə'septəbl] a.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的tangle ['tæŋɡl] n.纠缠；缠结；混乱 v.（使）缠绕；变乱temperamentally [,temprə'mentli] n.气质，性格，性情；资质tropic ['trɔpik] n.回归线；[the T-s]热带地区tumor/tumour ['tju:mə] n.（肿）瘤，肿块amateur ['æmətə, ,æmə'tə:]（艺术，科学等的）业余爱好者 an amateur golferamend [ə'mend]修改，修订 amend the spelling in sb.'s paper administrate [əd'ministreit]掌管，料理...的事务第11天任务crush [krʌʃ]压碎；彻底毁掉adolescent [,ædəu'lesnt]（尤指16岁以下的）青少年 a film aimed at adolescentsseemingly ['si:miŋli] ad. in appearance; apparently 表面上的，看起来的segregate ['seɡriɡit, -ɡeit] vt. separate or keep apart from others 分离，隔离serial ['siəriəl, 'si:r-] n.连本影片，连本电视节目 a.连续的shabby ['ʃæbi] a.简陋的，破旧的；卑鄙的，不正当的aggravate ['æɡrəveit]加重，加剧，恶化 aggravate the declining economyaggressive [ə'ɡresiv]侵犯的，侵略的 an aggressive weapon allied ['ælaid]结盟的，有关联的 allied nations allowance [ə'lauəns]津贴，补贴，零用钱 a housing allowance alternate [ɔ:l'tə:nət, 'ɔ:ltə-, 'ɔ:ltəneit]交替，轮流 Night and day alternate.array [ə'rei]排列，队形 The troops were formed in battle array.articulate [ɑ:'tikjulət, ɑ:'tikjuleit]发音清晰的，善于表达的 He is articulate about everything in the field of economics.shatter ['ʃætə] n.碎片；粉碎v.粉碎；使疲惫；使震骇shove [ʃʌv] vt.乱推；乱塞 vi.用力推，挤 n.猛推adverse ['ædvə:s, æd'və:s]不友好的，敌对的 She felt adverse to her husband's friends.advocate ['ædvəkeit, 'ædvəkət]拥护，提倡，主张advocate self-defenceaesthetic [i:s'θetik]美学的，艺术的，审美 an aesthetic theoryaffiliate [ə'filieit, ə'filiit, -eit]使隶属（或附属）于，使成为会员 a government affiliated companyaffirm [ə'fə:m]断言，申明 affirm the truth of a statement artificial [,ɑ:ti'fiʃəl]人工的，人造的，人为的artificial price controlsascend [ə'send]登高，（渐渐）上升，升高 The airplane ascended into the cloud.ascertain [,æsə'tein]查明，弄清，确定 I ascertained that he was dead.ashore [ə'ʃɔ:]向岸，向陆地 He swam ashore.assault [ə'sɔ:lt]攻击，袭击 We made an assault on the enemy fort.assemble [ə'sembl]集合，召集assemble the members of Parliament for a special meeting.assert [ə'sə:t]肯定地说（出），坚定地断言 He asserted hisinnocence.assign [ə'sain]分配，布置（作业） The teacher assigned （us）a new lesson.assimilate [ə'simileit]吸收，消化 He is quick to assimilate new ideas.associate [ə'səuʃieit, ə'səuʃiət, -eit]（使）联系，（使）结合 We naturally associated the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution.beforehand [bi'fɔ:hænd]预先，事先 If you wanted soup for lunch you should have told me beforehand.bewilder [bi'wildə]使迷惑，使糊涂 I’m bewildered as to which one to buy.第12天任务boom [bu:m]低沉有回响的声音 The great bell tolled with a deep boom.bore [bɔ:]钻孔，挖（通道） bore through a wallbounce [bauns]弹起，反弹 The ball doesn’t bounce well.sovereign ['sɔvərin, 'sʌv-] a.独立的，有主权的 n.君主，国王，统治者spacious ['speiʃəs] adj.广阔的，宽敞的spectrum ['spektrəm] n.谱，光谱，频谱；范围，幅度，系列spicy ['spaisi] a.加很多香料的；（口味）浓郁的spine [spain] n.脊柱，脊椎；（动植物的）刺；书脊bound [baund]跳跃，弹回 She bounded to her feet and waved her right hand triumphantly.boycott ['bɔikɔt]（联合起来）抑制，拒绝参加 boycott uncooperative manufacturesbrace [breis]托架，支架 He braced his muscles and lifted the weight.breed [bri:d]（使）繁殖 Rabbits breed families rapidly. bribe [braib]贿赂 accept（或take）a bribe from sb. anchor ['æŋkə]锚 The anchor catches （drags）. anonymous [ə'nɔniməs]匿名的，无名的 an anonymous letter （phone call）anticipate [æn'tisipeit]预期，预料The directorsanticipated a fall in demand （that demand would fall）. brisk [brisk]轻快的，生气勃勃的 a brisk pacebrittle ['britl]易碎的，一碰就破的 brittle glass accumulate [ə'kju:mjuleit]积累，积攒，积聚 accumulate wisdomaccurate ['ækjurət]准确的，精确的 an accurate estimate accuse [ə'kju:z]指控，指责 They accused her publicly of stealing their books.activate ['æktiveit]使活动起来，使开始起作用，启动 They have planted secret agents in many countries who could be activated whenever needed.bump [bʌmp]碰，撞（against, into） The truck bumped against the wall in the dark.burst [bə:st]爆炸，爆裂 The boiler burst.cease [si:s]停止，终止，结束 The music ceased suddenly. certify ['sə:tifai]证明，证实 The accounts were certified （as） correct.appraise [ə'preiz]估量，估计 appraise the infant's weightapprehend [,æpri'hend]对...担心 Do you apprehend that there will be any difficulty?appropriate [ə'prəuprieit, ə'prəupriət]恰当的，相称的Plain, simple clothes are appropriate for school wear. approximate [ə'prɔksimit]大概的，大约的，近似的 The approximate time is 10 o'clock.第13天任务displace [dis'pleis]移动…的位置：Many of the inhabitants were displaced by the rising floodwatersdispose [dis'pəuz]布置，整理:The stores disposed the jewellery in an attractive displaydisregard [disri'ɡɑ:d]不理会，不顾：Disregard the noise and keep workingdistinct [dis'tiŋkt]有区别的，不同的：Three distinct types of peopledistort [dis'tɔ:t] 扭歪，扭曲：a face distorted by （或with）paindistract [dis'trækt]使转向：be distracted from one’s originalpurposeapt [æpt]（习性）易于......的，有......倾向的 A careless person is apt to make mistakes.arbitrary ['ɑ:bitrəri]随心所欲的，个人武断的，任意的 an arbitrary choicecherish ['tʃeriʃ]珍爱，珍视 cherish one’s native land chew [tʃu:]嚼，咀嚼 He chewed a mouthful of meat.choke [tʃəuk]窒息，噎住 be choked by smokebias ['baiəs]偏见，偏心 have a bias against sb.（或sth.）blast ['baiəu,blæst]一阵（风），一股（气流） a blast of wind blaze [bleiz]火焰 The fire sprang into a blaze.aggravate ['æɡrəveit]加重，加剧，恶化 aggravate the declining economyaggressive [ə'ɡresiv]侵犯的，侵略的 an aggressive weapon allied ['ælaid]结盟的，有关联的 allied nations allowance [ə'lauəns]津贴，补贴，零用钱 a housing allowance alter ['ɔ:ltə]改变，更改 alter an attitudealternate [ɔ:l'tə:nət, 'ɔ:ltə-, 'ɔ:ltəneit]交替，轮流 Night and day alternate.array [ə'rei]排列，队形 The troops were formed in battle array.articulate [ɑ:'tikjulət, ɑ:'tikjuleit]发音清晰的，善于表达的 He is articulate about everything in the field of economics.boast [bəust]自吹自擂，自夸的话 He is full of boasts. bolt [bəult]螺栓，（门，窗的）插销 a small bag of nuts and boltscorrupt [kə'rʌpt] 堕落的,腐败的,贪赃舞弊的:lead a corrupt lifecourtesy ['kə:tisi]谦恭有礼。

考研英语必背核心词displacement n.移置, 转移, 取代, 置换, 位移, 排水量dramatic adj.戏剧性的, 生动的eventually adv.最后, 终于exhibit vt.展出, 陈列n.展览品, 陈列品, 展品v.展示exploitation n.开发, 开采, 剥削, 自私的利用, 宣传, 广告fluctuations n.波动, 起伏highlighted adj.突出的implicit adj.暗示的, 盲从的, 含蓄的, 固有的, 不怀疑的, 绝对的induced vt.劝诱, 促使, 导致, 引起, 感应inevitably adv.不可避免infrastructure n.下部构造, 基础下部组织inspection n.检查, 视察intensity n.强烈, 剧烈, 强度,亮度manipulation n.处理, 操作, 操纵offset n.抵销, 弥补, 分支, vt.弥补, 抵销, 用平版印刷vi.偏移, 形成分支paragraph n.(文章)段, 节, 段落plus prep.加上adj.正的, 加的practitioners n.从业者, 开业者predominantly adv.卓越的, 支配的, 主要的, 突出的, 有影响的prospect n.景色, 前景, 前途, 期望vi.寻找, 勘探radical adj.根本的, 基本的, 激进的n.激进分子random n.随意, 任意adj.任意的, 随便的, 胡乱的adv.胡乱地reinforce vt.加强, 增援, 补充, 增加...的数量, 修补, 加固n.加固物restore vt.恢复, 使回复, 归还, 交还, 修复, 重建revision n.修订, 修改, 修正, 修订本schedule n.时间表, 进度表v.确定时间tension n.紧张(状态), 不安, 拉紧, 压力, 张力, vt.拉紧, 使紧张termination n.终止thereby adv.因此, 从而, 在那方面, 在那附近uniform adj.统一的, 相同的, 一致的,；n.制服vt.使成一样, 使穿制服vehicle n.交通工具, 车辆, 媒介物, 传达手段via prep.经, 通过, 经由virtually adv.事实上, 实质上widespread adj.分布广泛的, 普遍的visual adj.看的, 视觉的, 形象的, 栩栩如生的accommodation n.住处, 膳宿, (车, 船, 飞机等的)预定铺位, (眼睛等的)适应性调节analogous adj.类似的, 相似的, 可比拟的anticipate vt.预期, 期望, 过早使用, 先人一着, 占先v.预订, 预见, 可以预料assurance n.确信, 断言, 保证, 担保attain vt.达到, 获得v.达到behalf n.为, 利益bulk n.大小, 体积, 大批, 大多数, 散装vt.显得大, 显得重要ceases v.停止, 终了,n.停止coherence n.一致coincide vi.一致, 符合commence v.开始，着手concurrent n同时发生的事件adj.并发的，协作的，一致的confined adj.被限制的，狭窄的，分娩的controversy n.论战,争论,辩论conversely adv.倒的,逆的device n.装置,设计,图案,策略,发明物,设备；【计】安装设备驱动程序devote v.投身于,献身于diminish v.(使)减少,(使)变小distorted adj.扭曲的,受到曲解的duration n. 持续时间,为期erosion n. 腐蚀,浸蚀ethical adj.与伦理有关的,民族的,民族特有的founded v.建立,创立inherent adj.固有的,内在的,与生俱来的insight n.洞察力,见识integral adj.完整的,整体的,【数学】积分的mature adj. 成熟的,到期的,充分考虑的,(票据等)到期的vt.使成熟vi.成熟,到期mediation n.仲裁,调解,调停advocate n.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹channel n.海峡, 水道, 沟, 路线vt.引导, 开导, 形成河道；信道,频道classical adj.古典的, 正统派的, 古典文学的comprehensive adj.全面的, 广泛的, 能充分理解的, 包容的comprise v.包含, 由...组成confirmed adj.证实的, 惯常的, 慢性的contrary adj.相反的, 逆的,decades n.十年, 十definite adj.明确的, 一定的deny v.否认, 拒绝differentiation n.区别disposal n.处理, 处置, 布置, 安排, 配置, 支配empirical adj.完全根据经验的, 经验主义的, 【化】实验式equipment n.装备, 设备, 器材, 装置, 铁道车辆, 才能extract n.精, 汁, 榨出物, 摘录, 选粹vt.拔出, 榨取, 开方, 求根, 摘录, 析取, 吸取foundation n.基础, 根本, 建立, 创立, 地基, 基金, 基金会guarantee n.保证, 保证书, 担保, 抵押品vt.保证, 担保hierarchical adj.分等级的identical adj.同一的, 同样的innovation n.改革, 创新insert vt.插入, 嵌入n.插入物intervention n.干涉isolated adj.隔离的,孤立的, 单独media n.媒体phenomenon n.现象priority n.先, 前, 优先, 优先权prohibited v.禁止,严禁publication n.出版物, 出版, 发行, 公布, 发表release n.释放, 让渡, 豁免, vt.释放, 解放, 放弃, 发表n.版本, 发布reverse n.相反, 背面, 反面, 倒退adj.相反的, 倒转的, 颠倒的vt.颠倒, 倒转simulation n.仿真, 假装模拟solely adv.独自地, 单独地somewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些submitted v.使服从,使顺从,提交successive adj.继承的, 连续的survive v.幸免于, 幸存, 生还thesis n.论题, 论文transmission n.播送, 发射, 传动, 传送, 传输, 转播ultimately adv.最后, 终于, 根本, 基本上unique adj.唯一的, 独特的visible adj.看得见的, 明显的, 显著的n.可见物voluntary adj.自动的, 自愿的, 主动的, 故意的, 非官办的, 志愿的, 自发的abandon vt.放弃, 遗弃n.放任, 狂热accommodate vt.给方便, 帮助;使适应;供给...住宿, 照应, 招待;容纳;调停, 调解ambiguous adj.暧昧的, 不明确的appreciation n.感谢, 感激, 正确评价, 欣赏, 增值arbitrable adj.可仲裁的automatically adv.自动地, 机械地bias n.偏见, 偏爱, 斜线vt.使存偏见chart n.海图, 图表vt.制图clarity n.清楚, 透明conformity n.一致, 符合commodity n.日用品complement n.补足物,【文法】补语, 【数】余角vt.补助, 补足contemporary n.同时代的人adj.当代的, 同时代的contradiction n.反驳, 矛盾crucial adj.至关紧要的currency n.流通,通货denote vt.指示, 表示detected vt.察觉, 发觉, 侦查, 探测v.发现deviation n.背离,异端分子medium n.媒体,方法,媒介adj.中间的,中等的military adj.军事的,军用的minimal adj.最小的,最小限度的mutual adj.相互的,互相的portion n.一部分preliminary n.预备的,初步的relaxed adj.松懈的,放松的,不严格的restraint n.抑制,控制image n.图像,肖像,映象,比喻vt.想象,反映,象征liberal adj.慷慨的,不拘泥的,宽大的licence n.执照,许可证,许可vt.认可,特许,发给执照logic n.逻辑,逻辑学,逻辑性marginal adj.页边的,边缘的mental adj.精神的,智力的modified v.¸改良,改进,修正monitor n.监控,监视v.监视,监控notion n.概念,想法,观念,意见objective n.目标,目的adj.客观的orientation n.方向,方位,定位,向东方perspective n.透视画法,透视图,前景,远景,观点,看法,观察precise adj.精确的,准确的n.精确prime n.最初,青春,精华adj.主要的,最好的,根本的v.预先准备好psychology n.心理学,心理状态pursue n.追赶,追踪,从事,继续rejected n.被弃之物,落选者vt.拒绝,抵制,驳回revenue n.收入,国家税收stability n.稳定性styles n.风格,时尚,问题,风度,类型substitution n.代替,取代作用,置换sustainable adj.可以支撑得起的,养得起的symbolic adj.象征的,符号的target n.目标,对象,靶子transition n.转换,转变,过渡trend n.倾向,趋势v.伸向,通向version n.译文,译本,翻译whereas conj.然而,反之,鉴于,尽管,但是abstract n.摘要,概要,抽象adj.抽象的,深奥的,理论的vt.摘要,提炼,理论化accurate adj.正确的,精确的acknowledged vt.承认,答谢,报偿allocation n.分配,安置assigned n.分配,指派attached v.缚上,贴上,系上bond n.结合物,连接,公债,债券,合同brief n.摘要,大纲adj.简短的,短暂的capable adj.有能力的,能干的,可以…的cited v. 引用,引证,提名表扬cooperative adj.合作的,协力的discrimination n.辨别,区别,辨别力,歧视display v陈列,展览,显示n.陈列,展览,显示diversity n.差异,多样性domain n.领土,领地,范畴,领域edition n.版本,版enhance v.提高,增强estate n.状态,不动产,时期,阶层exceed v.超越,胜过其他expert n.专家.行家.adj.老练的,内行的explicit adj.外在的,清楚的,直率的federal n.联邦的,联盟的,联合的fee n.费,酬金flexibility n. 弹性，适应性，机动性，挠性furthermore adj.此外，而且ignore vt. 不理睬，忽视;【律】（因证据不足而驳回）诉讼incentive n.动机adj.激励的incorporated adj.合并的，结社的，一体化的vt.合并，使组成公司,inhibition n.禁止，阻止，禁止，抑制initiative n.主动instruction n.指示, 用法说明(书), 教育, 指导, 指令neutral n.中立者, 中立国, 非彩色, 齿轮的空档adj.中立的, 中立国的, 中性的,nevertheless conj.然而, 不过adv.仍然, 不过preceding adj.在前的, 前述的presumption n.假定rational adj.理性的, 合理的, 推理的n.【数】有理数scope n.(活动)范围, 机会, 余地subsidiary adj.辅助的, 补充的transformation n.变化, 转化, 改适, 改革, 转换transport n.传送器, 运输, 运输机, 激动, 流放犯, 狂喜vt.传送, 运输, 流放, 放逐underlying adj.在下面的, 根本的, 潜在的, 【商】优先的adaptation n.适应, 改编, 改写本adult n.成人, 成年人adj.成人的, 成熟的benefit n.利益, 好处;vt.有益于, 有助于vi.受益consistent adj. 调和的, 坚固的（常与with连用）与…一致的context n.上下文, 文章的前后关系contract n.合同, 契约, 婚约v.使缩短, 感染, 订约create vt.创造, 创作, 引起, 造成data n.【计】资料, 数据definition n.定义, 解说derived vt.得自vi.起源constraints n.约束，强制，拘束contribution n. 捐献，贡献，投稿convention 大会，协定，习俗，惯例coordination n.同等,调和,配合corresponding adj.相应的,通讯的criteria n.标准deduction n.减除,扣除,演绎,推导demonstrate vi.示范,证明vt.示威emphasis n.强调,重点ensure v.确保,保证;保证得到excluded vt.排除在外,拒绝接纳immigration n.外来移民,移居入境implies v.暗示,意味着initial adj.最初的,词首的,初始的;n.词首字母instance n.实例,建议,要求,场合interaction n.相互作用justification n.辩护,释罪layer n.层,阶层minorities n.少数,少数民族,未成年negative n.否定adj.否定的消极的v.否定,拒绝接受outcomes n.结果,成果partnership n.合伙,合伙企业,合伙契约physical adj.身体的,物理的,自然的,物质的proportion n.比例,均衡,面积,部分vt.使成比例,使均摊published v.出版,刊印,发表reaction n.反应,反作用registered adj.已登记的,已注册的,记名的reliance n.信任,信心,依靠的人或物scheme n.安排,配置,方案v.计划,设计,图谋sequence n.次序,顺序,序列挨次specified v.指定,详细说明,列入清单sufficient adj.充分的,足够的technical adj.技巧的,技术的project n.计划, 方案, 事业, 企业, 工程v.设计, 计划, 发射(导弹等), 凸出promote vt.促进, 发扬, 提升, 提拔, 晋升为retain vt.保持, 保留series n.连续, 系列, 丛书, 级数status n.身份, 地位, 情形, 状况stress n.重压, 逼迫, 压力, 重点, 着重, 强调, 重音vt.着重, 强调, 重读subsequent adj.后来的, 并发的sum n.总数, 和, 金额, 算术题summary n.摘要, 概要undertaken vbl. undertake的过去分词academic adj.学院的, 理论的adjustment n.调整, 调节, 调节器amendment n.改善, 改正aware adj.知道的, 明白的, 意识到的capacity n.容量, 生产量, 容量, 智能, 才能, 能力, 接受力challenge n.挑战vt.向..挑战clause n.子句,条款compounds n.混合物adj.混合的v.混合,配合conflict n.斗争,冲突,vi.抵触,冲突consultation n.请教,咨询,磋商,会诊contact n.接触,联系vt.接触,联系decline vi.下倾,下降,下垂v.婉拒,衰落n.下倾,下降,下垂draft n.草稿,草案,草图v.草拟,起草enable vt.使能够,給予权利或方法energy n.精力,精神,活力enforcement n.执行,强制equivalent adj.相等的,相当的n.等价物,相当物evolution n.进展,演变,进化exposure n.暴露,揭露,揭发,位置,方向,陈列facilitate vt.使…容易,使…便利,推动fundamental adj基础的,基本的n.基本原则,基础原理generated vt.产生,发生distribution n.分配, 分发, 配给物, 销售,区分, 分类,发送,发行economic adj.经济(上)的, 产供销的, 经济学的environmental adj.周围的, 环境的evidence n.明显, 显著, 明白, 迹象, 根据, 【物】证据, 证物factors n.因素,要素,因数financial a.财政的金融的formula n.公式,客套语function n.功能,作用,典礼,仪式；v.起作用,运行identified 被识别的,被认可的individual n.个人, 个体; adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的interpretation n.解释, 阐明, 口译, 通译involved adj.棘手的,有关的issues n.出版, 发行, (报刊等)期、号, 论点, 问题, 结果, vi.发行, 流出,【律】后嗣labour n.劳动, 劳力, 劳工, 努力, 分娩, 工作;v.劳动, 苦干, 费力地前进legal adj.法律的, 法定的, 合法的major n.[美]【教】主修课, 【律】成年人adj.主修的, 成年的, 大调的; vi.主修principle n. 法则，原则，原理procedure n.程序, 手续required adj.必需的response n.回答, 响应, 反应sector n.部分, 部门;v.使分成部分, 把...分成扇形significant adj.有意义的, 重大的, 重要的similar adj.相似的, 类似的specific n.特效药, 细节adj.详细而精确的, 明确的, 特殊的,效的;structure n.结构, 构造, 建筑物vt.建筑, 构成, 组织theory n.理论, 学说, ...论, 原理, 意见, 推测variables n.【数】变数, 可变物, 变量; adj.可变的, 不定的, 易变的, 【数】变量的achieve vt.完成, 达到acquisition n.获得, 获得物administration n.管理, 经营, 行政部门affect vt.影响, 感动, 侵袭, 假装appropriate adj.适当的vt.占用, 据为己有; 盗用, 挪用aspect n.样子, 外表, 面貌, (问题等的)方面assistance n.协助, 援助, 补助commission n.委任, 委托, 代办(权), 佣金；vt.委任, 任命, 委托,community n.公社, 团体, 社会, (政治)共同体, 共有, 一致, 共同体, (生物)群落complex adj.复杂的, 合成的, 综合的n.联合体conclusion n.结束, 缔结, 结论conduct n.行为, 操行v.引导, 管理, 为人, 传导consequences n.结果, 【逻】推理, 推论, 因果关系, 重要的地位credit n.信任, 信用, 声望, 荣誉,【财务】贷方, 银行存款;vt.相信, 信任, 把...归给cultural adj.文化的distinction n.区别, 差别, 级别, 特性, 声望, 显赫evaluation n.估价, 评价, 赋值features n.面貌的一部分(眼,口,鼻等)特征, vt.是…的特色, 特写, 放映vi.起重要作用final n.结局, 决赛, 期末考试, adj.最后的, 最终的, 决定性的focus n.(兴趣活动等的)中心, 焦点, 焦距, vi.聚焦, 注视;, 定焦点, 调焦, 集中impact n.碰撞, 冲击, 冲突, 影响, 效果; vt.挤入, 撞击, 压紧, 对...发生影响institute n.学会, 学院, 协会; vt.创立, 开始, 制定, 开始(调查), 提起(诉讼)告某人maintenance n.维护, 保持, 生活费用, 扶养normal n.正规, 常态, adj.正常的, 正规的, 标准的obtained v.获得participation n.分享, 参与perceived vt.察觉v.感知, 感到, 认识到positive adj.肯定的, 实际的, 积极的, 绝对的, 确实的potential adj.潜在的, 可能的, n.潜能, 潜力previous adj.在前的, 早先的adv.在...以前region n.区域, 地方, (艺术,科学等的)领域, (大气, 海水等的)层regulations n.规则, 规章, 调节, 校准relevant adj.有关的, 相应的resident n.居民adj.居住的, 常驻的restricted adj.受限制的, 有限的security n.安全(感)确信; 安心,保护,保护物(against; from)【常用复】证券, 债券survey n.测量, 调查, 俯瞰, 概观, 纵览, 视察text n.正文, 原文, 课文, 课本transfer n.迁移, 移动, 传递, 转移, 调任, vt.转移, 调转, 调任, 传递,alternative n.二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物adj.选择性的, 二中择一的circumstances n.环境, 详情, 境况compensation n.补偿, 赔偿components n.成分adj.组成的, 构成的considerable adj.相当大的，可观的，值得考虑的revolution n.革命,旋转route n.路线,路程,通道v.发送subordinate adj. 次要的,从属的n.下属v.服从supplementary n.附属,附属物suspend v.吊,悬挂延缓trigger v.引发,触发n.扳机unified adj统一的,一元化的violation n违反,违背,强奸adjacent adj.相邻的,临近的assembly n.集合,集会colleague n.同事complied v遵照,顺从conceived vt.构思,以为,持有;vi 怀孕,考虑,设想convinced adj. 确信的,深信的;v. 说服inclination n.倾斜,弯曲,爱好integrity n.完全,正直,诚实intrinsic adj.固有的,内在的likewise adv.同样的,又n.同样nonetheless adv.虽然如此,但是panel n.面板, 嵌板, 仪表板, 座谈小组, 全体陪审员vt.嵌镶板persistent adj.持久稳固的pose n.姿势, 姿态v.(使...)摆好姿势, 形成, 引起, 造成; vi.摆姿势, 矫揉造作reluctant adj.不顾的, 勉强的, 难得到的, 难处理straightforward adj.正直的, 坦率的, 简单的, 易懂的, 直接了当的adv.坦率地undergo vt.经历, 遭受, 忍受whereby adv.凭什么, 为何analysis 分析，分解，解剖approach 接近，靠近assessment 评估，估算，评价assume 假定, 设想，担任; 承担; 接受available 可用到的, 可利用的, 有用的, 有空的, 接受探访的constant adj.不变的，持续的，坚决的apparent adj.显然的, 外观上的approximated adj.近似的, 大约的v.近似, 接近, 接近, 约计attributed vt.把...归因于(to).. n.属性, 品质, 特征, 加于, 归结于commitment n.委托事项, 许诺, 承担义务communication n.传达, 信息, 交通, 通讯concentration n.集中, 集合, 专心, 浓缩, 浓度conference n.会议, 讨论会, 协商会contrast vt.使与...对比, 使与...对照vi.和...形成对照n.对比, 对照, (对照中的)差异despite prep.不管, 尽管, 不论dimension n.尺寸, 尺度, 维(数), 度(数), 元domestic adj.家庭的, 国内的, 与人共处的, 驯服的emerged vi.显现, 浮现, 暴露, 形成, (由某种状态)脱出, (事实)显现出来hence adv.因此, 从此hypothesis n.假设, 【逻】前提implementation n. 执行, 履行; 落实implication n.牵连, 含意, 暗示, 含蓄impose vt.征税,强加vi.利用,欺骗integration n.综合,集合,集中internal adj. 国内的,内在地investigation n.调查研究obvious adj.明显的,显而易见的occupation n.职业,占有,占有期间option n.选项, 选择权, 【经】买卖的特权predict v.预言,预报,预报principal n.负责人,首长,主犯,校长adj.首要的,主要的professional n.自由职业者, 专业人员, 职业运动员, adj.专业的, 职业的format n.开本,版式,形式,格式vt.安排…的格局(或规格),【计】格式化(磁盘)。

displacement n.移置, 转移, 取代, 置换, 位移, 排水量dramatic adj.戏剧性的, 生动的eventually adv.最后, 终于exhibit vt.展出, 陈列n.展览品, 陈列品, 展品v.展示exploitation n.开发, 开采, 剥削, 自私的利用, 宣传, 广告fluctuations n.波动, 起伏highlighted adj.突出的implicit adj.暗示的, 盲从的, 含蓄的, 固有的, 不怀疑的, 绝对的induced vt.劝诱, 促使, 导致, 引起, 感应inevitably adv.不可避免infrastructure n.下部构造, 基础下部组织inspection n.检查, 视察intensity n.强烈, 剧烈, 强度,亮度manipulation n.处理, 操作, 操纵offset n.抵销, 弥补, 分支, vt.弥补, 抵销, 用平版印刷vi.偏移, 形成分支paragraph n.(文章)段, 节, 段落plus prep.加上adj.正的, 加的practitioners n.从业者, 开业者predominantly adv.卓越的, 支配的, 主要的, 突出的, 有影响的prospect n.景色, 前景, 前途, 期望vi.寻找, 勘探radical adj.根本的, 基本的, 激进的n.激进分子random n.随意, 任意adj.任意的, 随便的, 胡乱的adv.胡乱地reinforce vt.加强, 增援, 补充, 增加...的数量, 修补, 加固n.加固物restore vt.恢复, 使回复, 归还, 交还, 修复, 重建revision n.修订, 修改, 修正, 修订本schedule n.时间表, 进度表v.确定时间tension n.紧张(状态), 不安, 拉紧, 压力, 张力, vt.拉紧, 使紧张termination n.终止thereby adv.因此, 从而, 在那方面, 在那附近uniform adj.统一的, 相同的, 一致的,；n.制服vt.使成一样, 使穿制服vehicle n.交通工具, 车辆, 媒介物, 传达手段via prep.经, 通过, 经由virtually adv.事实上, 实质上widespread adj.分布广泛的, 普遍的visual adj.看的, 视觉的, 形象的, 栩栩如生的accommodation n.住处, 膳宿, (车, 船, 飞机等的)预定铺位, (眼睛等的)适应性调节analogous adj.类似的, 相似的, 可比拟的anticipate vt.预期, 期望, 过早使用, 先人一着, 占先v.预订, 预见, 可以预料assurance n.确信, 断言, 保证, 担保attain vt.达到, 获得v.达到behalf n.为, 利益bulk n.大小, 体积, 大批, 大多数, 散装vt.显得大, 显得重要ceases v.停止, 终了,n.停止coherence n.一致coincide vi.一致, 符合commence v.开始，着手concurrent n同时发生的事件adj.并发的，协作的，一致的confined adj.被限制的，狭窄的，分娩的controversy n.论战,争论,辩论conversely adv.倒的,逆的device n.装置,设计,图案,策略,发明物,设备；【计】安装设备驱动程序devote v.投身于,献身于diminish v.(使)减少,(使)变小distorted adj.扭曲的,受到曲解的duration n. 持续时间,为期erosion n. 腐蚀,浸蚀ethical adj.与伦理有关的,民族的,民族特有的founded v.建立,创立inherent adj.固有的,内在的,与生俱来的insight n.洞察力,见识integral adj.完整的,整体的,【数学】积分的mature adj. 成熟的,到期的,充分考虑的,(票据等)到期的vt.使成熟vi.成熟,到期mediation n.仲裁,调解,调停advocate n.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹channel n.海峡, 水道, 沟, 路线vt.引导, 开导, 形成河道；信道,频道classical adj.古典的, 正统派的, 古典文学的comprehensive adj.全面的, 广泛的, 能充分理解的, 包容的comprise v.包含, 由...组成confirmed adj.证实的, 惯常的, 慢性的contrary adj.相反的, 逆的,decades n.十年, 十definite adj.明确的, 一定的deny v.否认, 拒绝differentiation n.区别disposal n.处理, 处置, 布置, 安排, 配置, 支配empirical adj.完全根据经验的, 经验主义的, 【化】实验式equipment n.装备, 设备, 器材, 装置, 铁道车辆, 才能extract n.精, 汁, 榨出物, 摘录, 选粹vt.拔出, 榨取, 开方, 求根, 摘录, 析取, 吸取foundation n.基础, 根本, 建立, 创立, 地基, 基金, 基金会guarantee n.保证, 保证书, 担保, 抵押品vt.保证, 担保hierarchical adj.分等级的identical adj.同一的, 同样的innovation n.改革, 创新insert vt.插入, 嵌入n.插入物intervention n.干涉isolated adj.隔离的,孤立的, 单独media n.媒体phenomenon n.现象priority n.先, 前, 优先, 优先权prohibited v.禁止,严禁publication n.出版物, 出版, 发行, 公布, 发表release n.释放, 让渡, 豁免, vt.释放, 解放, 放弃, 发表n.版本, 发布reverse n.相反, 背面, 反面, 倒退adj.相反的, 倒转的, 颠倒的vt.颠倒, 倒转simulation n.仿真, 假装模拟solely adv.独自地, 单独地somewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些submitted v.使服从,使顺从,提交successive adj.继承的, 连续的survive v.幸免于, 幸存, 生还thesis n.论题, 论文transmission n.播送, 发射, 传动, 传送, 传输, 转播ultimately adv.最后, 终于, 根本, 基本上unique adj.唯一的, 独特的visible adj.看得见的, 明显的, 显著的n.可见物voluntary adj.自动的, 自愿的, 主动的, 故意的, 非官办的, 志愿的, 自发的abandon vt.放弃, 遗弃n.放任, 狂热accommodate vt.给方便, 帮助;使适应;供给...住宿, 照应, 招待;容纳;调停, 调解ambiguous adj.暧昧的, 不明确的appreciation n.感谢, 感激, 正确评价, 欣赏, 增值arbitrable adj.可仲裁的automatically adv.自动地, 机械地bias n.偏见, 偏爱, 斜线vt.使存偏见chart n.海图, 图表vt.制图clarity n.清楚, 透明conformity n.一致, 符合commodity n.日用品complement n.补足物,【文法】补语, 【数】余角vt.补助, 补足contemporary n.同时代的人adj.当代的, 同时代的contradiction n.反驳, 矛盾crucial adj.至关紧要的currency n.流通,通货denote vt.指示, 表示detected vt.察觉, 发觉, 侦查, 探测v.发现deviation n.背离,异端分子medium n.媒体,方法,媒介adj.中间的,中等的military adj.军事的,军用的minimal adj.最小的,最小限度的mutual adj.相互的,互相的portion n.一部分preliminary n.预备的,初步的relaxed adj.松懈的,放松的,不严格的restraint n.抑制,控制image n.图像,肖像,映象,比喻vt.想象,反映,象征liberal adj.慷慨的,不拘泥的,宽大的licence n.执照,许可证,许可vt.认可,特许,发给执照logic n.逻辑,逻辑学,逻辑性marginal adj.页边的,边缘的mental adj.精神的,智力的modified v.¸改良,改进,修正monitor n.监控,监视v.监视,监控notion n.概念,想法,观念,意见objective n.目标,目的adj.客观的orientation n.方向,方位,定位,向东方perspective n.透视画法,透视图,前景,远景,观点,看法,观察precise adj.精确的,准确的n.精确prime n.最初,青春,精华adj.主要的,最好的,根本的v.预先准备好psychology n.心理学,心理状态pursue n.追赶,追踪,从事,继续rejected n.被弃之物,落选者vt.拒绝,抵制,驳回revenue n.收入,国家税收stability n.稳定性styles n.风格,时尚,问题,风度,类型substitution n.代替,取代作用,置换sustainable adj.可以支撑得起的,养得起的symbolic adj.象征的,符号的target n.目标,对象,靶子transition n.转换,转变,过渡trend n.倾向,趋势v.伸向,通向version n.译文,译本,翻译whereas conj.然而,反之,鉴于,尽管,但是abstract n.摘要,概要,抽象adj.抽象的,深奥的,理论的vt.摘要,提炼,理论化accurate adj.正确的,精确的acknowledged vt.承认,答谢,报偿allocation n.分配,安置assigned n.分配,指派attached v.缚上,贴上,系上bond n.结合物,连接,公债,债券,合同brief n.摘要,大纲adj.简短的,短暂的capable adj.有能力的,能干的,可以…的cited v. 引用,引证,提名表扬cooperative adj.合作的,协力的discrimination n.辨别,区别,辨别力,歧视display v陈列,展览,显示n.陈列,展览,显示diversity n.差异,多样性domain n.领土,领地,范畴,领域edition n.版本,版enhance v.提高,增强estate n.状态,不动产,时期,阶层exceed v.超越,胜过其他expert n.专家.行家.adj.老练的,内行的explicit adj.外在的,清楚的,直率的federal n.联邦的,联盟的,联合的fee n.费,酬金flexibility n. 弹性，适应性，机动性，挠性furthermore adj.此外，而且ignore vt. 不理睬，忽视;【律】（因证据不足而驳回）诉讼incentive n.动机adj.激励的incorporated adj.合并的，结社的，一体化的vt.合并，使组成公司,inhibition n.禁止，阻止，禁止，抑制initiative n.主动instruction n.指示, 用法说明(书), 教育, 指导, 指令neutral n.中立者, 中立国, 非彩色, 齿轮的空档adj.中立的, 中立国的, 中性的,nevertheless conj.然而, 不过adv.仍然, 不过preceding adj.在前的, 前述的presumption n.假定rational adj.理性的, 合理的, 推理的n.【数】有理数scope n.(活动)范围, 机会, 余地subsidiary adj.辅助的, 补充的transformation n.变化, 转化, 改适, 改革, 转换transport n.传送器, 运输, 运输机, 激动, 流放犯, 狂喜vt.传送, 运输, 流放, 放逐underlying adj.在下面的, 根本的, 潜在的, 【商】优先的adaptation n.适应, 改编, 改写本adult n.成人, 成年人adj.成人的, 成熟的benefit n.利益, 好处;vt.有益于, 有助于vi.受益consistent adj. 调和的, 坚固的（常与with连用）与…一致的context n.上下文, 文章的前后关系contract n.合同, 契约, 婚约v.使缩短, 感染, 订约create vt.创造, 创作, 引起, 造成data n.【计】资料, 数据definition n.定义, 解说derived vt.得自vi.起源constraints n.约束，强制，拘束contribution n. 捐献，贡献，投稿convention 大会，协定，习俗，惯例coordination n.同等,调和,配合corresponding adj.相应的,通讯的criteria n.标准deduction n.减除,扣除,演绎,推导demonstrate vi.示范,证明vt.示威emphasis n.强调,重点ensure v.确保,保证;保证得到excluded vt.排除在外,拒绝接纳immigration n.外来移民,移居入境implies v.暗示,意味着initial adj.最初的,词首的,初始的;n.词首字母instance n.实例,建议,要求,场合interaction n.相互作用justification n.辩护,释罪layer n.层,阶层minorities n.少数,少数民族,未成年negative n.否定adj.否定的消极的v.否定,拒绝接受outcomes n.结果,成果partnership n.合伙,合伙企业,合伙契约physical adj.身体的,物理的,自然的,物质的proportion n.比例,均衡,面积,部分vt.使成比例,使均摊published v.出版,刊印,发表reaction n.反应,反作用registered adj.已登记的,已注册的,记名的reliance n.信任,信心,依靠的人或物scheme n.安排,配置,方案v.计划,设计,图谋sequence n.次序,顺序,序列挨次specified v.指定,详细说明,列入清单sufficient adj.充分的,足够的technical adj.技巧的,技术的project n.计划, 方案, 事业, 企业, 工程v.设计, 计划, 发射(导弹等), 凸出promote vt.促进, 发扬, 提升, 提拔, 晋升为retain vt.保持, 保留series n.连续, 系列, 丛书, 级数status n.身份, 地位, 情形, 状况stress n.重压, 逼迫, 压力, 重点, 着重, 强调, 重音vt.着重, 强调, 重读subsequent adj.后来的, 并发的sum n.总数, 和, 金额, 算术题summary n.摘要, 概要undertaken vbl. undertake的过去分词academic adj.学院的, 理论的adjustment n.调整, 调节, 调节器amendment n.改善, 改正aware adj.知道的, 明白的, 意识到的capacity n.容量, 生产量, 容量, 智能, 才能, 能力, 接受力challenge n.挑战vt.向..挑战clause n.子句,条款compounds n.混合物adj.混合的v.混合,配合conflict n.斗争,冲突,vi.抵触,冲突consultation n.请教,咨询,磋商,会诊contact n.接触,联系vt.接触,联系decline vi.下倾,下降,下垂v.婉拒,衰落n.下倾,下降,下垂draft n.草稿,草案,草图v.草拟,起草enable vt.使能够,給予权利或方法energy n.精力,精神,活力enforcement n.执行,强制equivalent adj.相等的,相当的n.等价物,相当物evolution n.进展,演变,进化exposure n.暴露,揭露,揭发,位置,方向,陈列facilitate vt.使…容易,使…便利,推动fundamental adj基础的,基本的n.基本原则,基础原理generated vt.产生,发生distribution n.分配, 分发, 配给物, 销售,区分, 分类,发送,发行economic adj.经济(上)的, 产供销的, 经济学的environmental adj.周围的, 环境的evidence n.明显, 显著, 明白, 迹象, 根据, 【物】证据, 证物factors n.因素,要素,因数financial a.财政的金融的formula n.公式,客套语function n.功能,作用,典礼,仪式；v.起作用,运行identified 被识别的,被认可的individual n.个人, 个体; adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的interpretation n.解释, 阐明, 口译, 通译involved adj.棘手的,有关的issues n.出版, 发行, (报刊等)期、号, 论点, 问题, 结果, vi.发行, 流出,【律】后嗣labour n.劳动, 劳力, 劳工, 努力, 分娩, 工作;v.劳动, 苦干, 费力地前进legal adj.法律的, 法定的, 合法的major n.[美]【教】主修课, 【律】成年人adj.主修的, 成年的, 大调的; vi.主修principle n. 法则，原则，原理procedure n.程序, 手续required adj.必需的response n.回答, 响应, 反应sector n.部分, 部门;v.使分成部分, 把...分成扇形significant adj.有意义的, 重大的, 重要的similar adj.相似的, 类似的specific n.特效药, 细节adj.详细而精确的, 明确的, 特殊的,效的;structure n.结构, 构造, 建筑物vt.建筑, 构成, 组织theory n.理论, 学说, ...论, 原理, 意见, 推测variables n.【数】变数, 可变物, 变量; adj.可变的, 不定的, 易变的, 【数】变量的achieve vt.完成, 达到acquisition n.获得, 获得物administration n.管理, 经营, 行政部门affect vt.影响, 感动, 侵袭, 假装appropriate adj.适当的vt.占用, 据为己有; 盗用, 挪用aspect n.样子, 外表, 面貌, (问题等的)方面assistance n.协助, 援助, 补助commission n.委任, 委托, 代办(权), 佣金；vt.委任, 任命, 委托,community n.公社, 团体, 社会, (政治)共同体, 共有, 一致, 共同体, (生物)群落complex adj.复杂的, 合成的, 综合的n.联合体conclusion n.结束, 缔结, 结论conduct n.行为, 操行v.引导, 管理, 为人, 传导consequences n.结果, 【逻】推理, 推论, 因果关系, 重要的地位credit n.信任, 信用, 声望, 荣誉,【财务】贷方, 银行存款;vt.相信, 信任, 把...归给cultural adj.文化的distinction n.区别, 差别, 级别, 特性, 声望, 显赫evaluation n.估价, 评价, 赋值features n.面貌的一部分(眼,口,鼻等)特征, vt.是…的特色, 特写, 放映vi.起重要作用final n.结局, 决赛, 期末考试, adj.最后的, 最终的, 决定性的focus n.(兴趣活动等的)中心, 焦点, 焦距, vi.聚焦, 注视;, 定焦点, 调焦, 集中impact n.碰撞, 冲击, 冲突, 影响, 效果; vt.挤入, 撞击, 压紧, 对...发生影响institute n.学会, 学院, 协会; vt.创立, 开始, 制定, 开始(调查), 提起(诉讼)告某人maintenance n.维护, 保持, 生活费用, 扶养normal n.正规, 常态, adj.正常的, 正规的, 标准的obtained v.获得participation n.分享, 参与perceived vt.察觉v.感知, 感到, 认识到positive adj.肯定的, 实际的, 积极的, 绝对的, 确实的potential adj.潜在的, 可能的, n.潜能, 潜力previous adj.在前的, 早先的adv.在...以前region n.区域, 地方, (艺术,科学等的)领域, (大气, 海水等的)层regulations n.规则, 规章, 调节, 校准relevant adj.有关的, 相应的resident n.居民adj.居住的, 常驻的restricted adj.受限制的, 有限的security n.安全(感)确信; 安心,保护,保护物(against;from)【常用复】证券, 债券survey n.测量, 调查, 俯瞰, 概观, 纵览, 视察text n.正文, 原文, 课文, 课本transfer n.迁移, 移动, 传递, 转移, 调任, vt.转移, 调转, 调任, 传递,alternative n.二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物adj.选择性的, 二中择一的circumstances n.环境, 详情, 境况compensation n.补偿, 赔偿components n.成分adj.组成的, 构成的considerable adj.相当大的，可观的，值得考虑的revolution n.革命,旋转route n.路线,路程,通道v.发送subordinate adj. 次要的,从属的n.下属v.服从supplementary n.附属,附属物suspend v.吊,悬挂延缓trigger v.引发,触发n.扳机unified adj统一的,一元化的violation n违反,违背,强奸adjacent adj.相邻的,临近的assembly n.集合,集会colleague n.同事complied v遵照,顺从conceived vt.构思,以为,持有;vi 怀孕,考虑,设想convinced adj. 确信的,深信的;v. 说服inclination n.倾斜,弯曲,爱好integrity n.完全,正直,诚实intrinsic adj.固有的,内在的likewise adv.同样的,又n.同样nonetheless adv.虽然如此,但是panel n.面板, 嵌板, 仪表板, 座谈小组, 全体陪审员vt.嵌镶板persistent adj.持久稳固的pose n.姿势, 姿态v.(使...)摆好姿势, 形成, 引起, 造成; vi.摆姿势, 矫揉造作reluctant adj.不顾的, 勉强的, 难得到的, 难处理straightforward adj.正直的, 坦率的, 简单的, 易懂的, 直接了当的adv.坦率地undergo vt.经历, 遭受, 忍受whereby adv.凭什么, 为何analysis 分析，分解，解剖approach 接近，靠近assessment 评估，估算，评价assume 假定, 设想，担任; 承担; 接受available 可用到的, 可利用的, 有用的, 有空的, 接受探访的constant adj.不变的，持续的，坚决的apparent adj.显然的, 外观上的approximated adj.近似的, 大约的v.近似, 接近, 接近, 约计attributed vt.把...归因于(to).. n.属性, 品质, 特征, 加于, 归结于commitment n.委托事项, 许诺, 承担义务communication n.传达, 信息, 交通, 通讯concentration n.集中, 集合, 专心, 浓缩, 浓度conference n.会议, 讨论会, 协商会contrast vt.使与...对比, 使与...对照vi.和...形成对照n.对比, 对照, (对照中的)差异despite prep.不管, 尽管, 不论dimension n.尺寸, 尺度, 维(数), 度(数), 元domestic adj.家庭的, 国内的, 与人共处的, 驯服的emerged vi.显现, 浮现, 暴露, 形成, (由某种状态)脱出, (事实)显现出来hence adv.因此, 从此hypothesis n.假设, 【逻】前提implementation n. 执行, 履行; 落实implication n.牵连, 含意, 暗示, 含蓄impose vt.征税,强加vi.利用,欺骗integration n.综合,集合,集中internal adj. 国内的,内在地investigation n.调查研究obvious adj.明显的,显而易见的occupation n.职业,占有,占有期间option n.选项, 选择权, 【经】买卖的特权predict v.预言,预报,预报principal n.负责人,首长,主犯,校长adj.首要的,主要的professional n.自由职业者, 专业人员, 职业运动员, adj.专业的, 职业的format n.开本,版式,形式,格式vt.安排…的格局(或规格),【计】格式化(磁盘)。

2019英语一Text2Grade inflation1—the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades—is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated2like customers to be pleased. But another, related force—a policy often buried3 deep in course catalogs4called “grade forgiveness”—is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake5 a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating6a student’s overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated7 in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition8) and improve their graduation rates. When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to9 freshmen10, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition11to college-level courses. But now most colleges save for many selective campuses12, allow all undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize13 that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty14. “Untimely,” said Jack Miner, Ohio State University’s registrar,“we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent contents15 or master16the content that allows them to graduate on time.”That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies17colleges’ own needs as well. For public institutions18, state funds19 are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics20 such as graduation rates21 and student retention22—so better grades can, by boosting figures23 like those, mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students—who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill—feel they’ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern24 for colleges.Indeed25, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers’ expectations for higher education. Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible—or at least appear to be. On this, students’ and colleges’ incentives26 seem to be aligned27.26. What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?A. The change of course catalogs28.B. Students’ indifference29 to GPAS.C. Colleges’ neglect of GPAS.D. The influence of consumer culture.27. What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness?A. To help freshmen adapt to college learning.B. To maintain30colleges’ graduation rates.C. To prepare graduates for a challenging future.D. To increase universities’ income from tuition.28. According to Paragraph 5, grade forgiveness enable colleges to_________.A. Obtain30 more financial supportB. boost their student enrollmentsC. improve their teaching qualityD. meet local governments’ needs29. What does the phrase “to be aligned”(Line 5, Para.6) most probably mean?A. To counterbalance31 each other.B. To complement32 each other.C. To be identical with33 each other.D. To be contradictory34 to each other.30. The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness by________.A. assessing35 its feasibility36B. analyzing the causes behind itC. comparing different views on itD. listing its long-run effects37【干货笔记】1. grade inflation 成绩膨胀，分数上涨grade n. 等级，品级；（工作岗位，官衔等的）级别，职别；成绩，分数2. treat v. 对待;治疗;处理;把…看作;把…视为;讨论;医疗;处理，保护，保存;招待n. 款待;乐事;乐趣My treat. (口)我请客3. buried adj. 埋葬的；埋藏的v. 埋葬（bury 的过去式和过去分词）be buried in 埋头于; 被埋葬在; 全神贯注于4. catalog n. 目录，一览表;系列;种类；产品样本5. retake vt. 再取；重拍；补考n. 重考；重新摄录；重新摄录的照片或录音6. calculate v. 计算；预测calculating adj. 精明的，精于算计的7. accelerate v. 加速；（使）加快，促进8. tuition n.（尤指对个人或小组的）教学，指导；（尤指学院、大学或私立学校的）学费9. be usually limited to 通常仅限于limited adj.有限的；受限的；受宪法限制的；（公司）有限责任的(=Ltd)n. 高级快车v. 限制（limit 的过去式和过去分词形式）10. freshmen n. 大学一年级新生；新手11. transition n. 过渡，转变；（分子生物）转换；（乐）临时转调；（物理）跃迁，转变v. 转变，过渡12. selective campuses 有选择性的校园13. emphasize v. 强调，着重；重读（单词或短语）；使突出（或明显）14. incurring a big penalty 招致巨额罚款incur vt. 招致; 遭受; 引起; 引致，带来(成本、花费等)penalty n. 处罚;刑罚;惩罚;害处;不利;(对犯规者的)判罚;点球15. subsequent contents 后续内容subsequent adj. 后来的; 随后的16. master n. 大师，能手；主人，雇主；主宰者，控制者；硕士，有硕士学位的人v. 精通，掌握；控制，掌控17. satisfy v. 满足(要求、需要等); 使满意; 使满足; 向…证实; 使确信(第三人称单数satisfies)18. public institutions 公共机构19. state funds 国家基金20. metric adj. 米制的，公制的；度规的；用诗体写的，格律诗的n. 诗韵；衡量标准；度规21. graduation rates 毕业率22. retention n. 保持，保留；保存，存放；保持力，持续力；记忆力student retention 学生在学率23. boosting figures 增加的数据24. concern n. 担心，忧虑；使人担忧的事物；关心，关爱；重要的事物，关心的事v. 有关，关于；涉及，影响；使忧虑，使担心concern about 对…表示担心/忧虑；使（自己）关心…concern with 使关心，挂念25. indeed adv. 确实，的确26. incentive n. 激励；奖励, 奖励措施；诱因27. align v. 公开支持，与…结盟；（使）排成一条直线，使平行；调整，使一致；（使）参加，加入28. course catalog 课程目录29. indifference n. 不感兴趣，漠不关心；不重要，无价值；平凡，普通30.【-tain- 】maintain v. 保持，维持obtain v. 获得sustain v. 维持，持续retain v. 保留，留下31. counterbalance n. 平衡力，抗衡力；抵消因素，制约力v. 对……起平衡作用，抵消32. complement v. 补充，补足n. 补足物，衬托物；足数，足额；补语；余角；33. be identical with 与…相同/一致34. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的；好反驳的，爱争辩的n. 矛盾命题35. assess v. 评价，评定；估价，估计；征税，处以罚金36. feasibility n. 可行性，可能性possibility n. 可能性availability n.可利用性;可利用；可用性；有用（效）性；使用价值；（有效）利用率37. long-run effects 长期影响long-run 长期的，长时间的(=long-term)。

考研英语必考核心词汇与长难句详解含译文1.wealth n.财富,财产真题例句：As productivity grows,the world’s wealth increases.随着生产力的提高，世界财富也在增长。

2.wealthy a.富有的, 充分的3. stability n.稳定,安定来源：stable: adj 稳定的真题搭配：social stability: 社会稳定4.harmony n.协调,和谐;融洽来源：哈耳摩尼亚（Harmonia）是希腊神话中代表和谐和协调的女神真题搭配：in harmony: 协调地，和谐地5.acceptance n.接受；承认来源：accept: v 接受真题搭配：a collective acceptance：共识6.capacity n.容量,容积;能力真题搭配：storage capacity：存储容量7.exception n.例外,除外来源：except: prep 除了引申：exceptional a.例外的,异常的（an exceptional child:残障儿童）8.faculty n.才能;全体教员,系解析：fac(make---factory: n工厂)+ul(善于…的)+ty--- 善于做---能力---有能力的一群人---全体教员，系9.assistant a.帮助的；n.助手，助教解析：as(强调)+sist(站)+ant--- 站身边的（人）10.interval n.间隔,间歇解析：inter（在…之间)+val1.fantastic a.奇异的,幻想的来源：fantasy n.幻想，空想；空想的产物2.admire vt.钦佩,称赞；羡慕引申：admirable: adj 值得称赞的，令人钦佩的(消灭作文中的good)3.increasingly ad.越来越,日益近义词：progressively = growingly (消灭作文中的more and more)4.initiate vt.开始，创始，发动引申：initial: adj 最初的；开始的initiation: n 开始，发起5.feed v.喂养,饲养;向…供给真题例句：The European national youth teams feed the World Cup.欧洲国家青年队给世界杯输送人才。

考研英语核心词汇详解5. prosper /'prɔspə/ v.兴旺,繁荣解析：pro(前面)+sper(气息，希望) –希望在前面真题例句：The professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters. （2018 Translation 英语一）专业剧团（company）在他们的固定剧场里蓬勃发展。

6. prosperous /'prɔspərəs/ a.繁荣的,兴旺的解析：prosper+ous (形容词尾缀)7. prosperity /prɔs'periti/ n.繁荣,兴旺真题例句：We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth.（2011 Text 3 英语二）我们倾向于认为二战后的几十年是一个繁荣和发展的时期。

1. resident /‘rezidənt/ n.居民,常住者；a.居住的引申：reside: v 居住2. residence /‘rezidəns/ n.居住；住处,住宅真题例句：A majority of immigrants spoke English ‘well’or ‘very well’after ten years of residence.（2006 Text 1 英语一）大多数移民在居住10年后英语说得“好”或“非常好”。

3. dwelling /‘dweliŋ/ n.居住；住宅,寓所引申：dweller = resident4. shelter /'ʃeltə/ n.庇护所，避难所，栖息地; v.庇护，保护真题搭配：shelter sb from sth: 保护某人避免某事(的伤害)1. If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights ——you may be surprised how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings. (2019 Use of English 英语一）bearing熟义：僻义：2. The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and improve their graduation rates. (2019 text 2 英语一）practice熟义：僻义：往下翻，对对答案~~~1. If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights ——you may be surprised how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings. (2019 Use of English 英语一）bearing熟义：n.关系，承受僻义：n.方向，方位译文：如果你以前曾探索过这一区域，请密切留意熟悉的景物一一你可能会惊讶于认出一块特别的岩石或一棵特别的树竟能如此迅速地让人重获方向。

1、经济贸易类1.改革产业结构reform the structure of industries2. 亏损企业loss-making enterprises3. 搞活企业enliven enterprises4. 加快现代化步伐quicken the modernization drive5. 跨国公司transnational corporation / multinational corporation6. 乡镇企业township enterprises7. 国有企业state-owned enterprises8. 合资企业joint ventures9. 解放生产力emancipate/ liberate productivity10.振兴国家经济invigorate our state economy11.实行股份制introduce the shareholding system12.全面深化改革deepen reform all round13.提高经济效益improve economic results14.增进效益increase economic returns15.宏观经济调控macro-economic control and management16. 经济实力economic strength17. 经济转轨economic transformation18. 经营机制operative mechanism19. 整顿经济秩序rectify economic order20. 引进竞争机制introduce a competitive mechanism21. 建立技术密集型企业set up technologically-intensive enterprises22. 招商引资canvass business and introduce investment23. 房地产real estate24. 经济特区special economic zone25. 基础设施infrastructure facilities26. 豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects27. 投资热点investment hot spot28. 外向型经济export-oriented economy29. 按劳分配distribute according to the work performance30. 打破平均主义break / abandon equalitarian31. 沿海开放城市open coastal cities32. 保税区bonded zone/ area33. 金融改革banking system34. 国民生产总值Gross National Product35. 扶贫项目anti-poverty project36. 下海经商plunge into the private business37. 协调发展coordinate the development38. 住房改革housing reform39. 社会保障体系social security system40. 数字时代digital times41. 信息高速公路the information superhighway42. 虚拟社区virtual communities43. “菜蓝子”工程the “shopping-basket”　project ( the non-staple food project)44. 拳头产品knock-out products/ competitive products45. 市场萧条slack market46. 中国质量万里行China’s Long March to Quality campaign47. 冒牌产品fake brand-name products48. 假冒伪劣商品fake and poor quality commodities49. 谋取暴力reap colossal profits50. 提出索赔lodge a claim51. 投诉lodge complaint52. 贸易争端trade disputes53. 乱收费random charges54. 市场疲软sluggish market55 .贸易顺差favorable trade balance56. 贸易逆差unfavorable trade balance57. 实行优惠政策launch a preferential policy58. 繁荣市场flourish the market59. 加入世贸组织accession to the WTO/ entry into the WTO60. 最惠国待遇Most-Favored-Nation treatment61. 消费者协会consumer’s association62. 消费者购买力consumer purchasing power63. 新兴市场emerging market64. 抑制消费control / inhibit consumption65. 无形资产intangible assets66. 有形资产tangible assets67. 市场占有率market share68. 严重违约grave breach of contract69. 泡沫经济bubble economy70. 品牌效应brand effect71. 企业重组reshuffle of enterprises72. 贸易壁垒trade barrier73. 人才流失brain drain74. 清理“三角债” break up the debt chain75. 企业文化corporate culture76. 商业炒作commercial speculation77. 扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption78. 拉动经济增长fuel economic growth79. 连锁反应chain reaction / domino effect80. 竞争优势competitive edge81. 经济结构调整economic restructuring82. 经济增长点economic growth point ; growth engine83. 经济过热overheated economy84. 经济滑坡economic downturn85. 集约化经营intensive management86. 灰色收入gray income87. 福利分房welfare-oriented public housing distribution system88. 分期付款installment payment89. 从粗放经济转变为集约经济shiftfrom extensive economy to intensive economy90. 按揭购房buy a house on a mortgage ; mortgage a house91. 边际效益marginal benefit92. 不良贷款non-performing loan93. 裁减冗员lay off redundant staff; cut down on overstaffing94. 产品更新换代upgrade of products95. 创业园high-tech business incubator; pioneer park96. 促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy97. 家庭联产承包责任制household contract responsibility system98. 人才战competition for talented people99. 脱贫致富shake/cast off poverty and set out a road to prosperity100. 资源优化配置optimizing the allocation of resources2、政治类101. 不正之风bad / harmful practice102. 霸权主义hegemonism103. 奔小康strive for a better-off life104. 论资排辈assign priority according toseniority105. 持续发展sustainable development 106. 重复建设redundant project107. 大锅饭egalitarian practice ( of everyone taking food from the same big pot)108. 多极化multi -polarization 109. 科学技术是第一生产力Science andtechnology are the primary productive force.110. 机构臃肿overstaffing in organization 111. 机构改革institutional restructuring; streamlining112. 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government113. 窗口行业service trade114. 核心竞争力core competitiveness 115. 减员增效downsizing of staff and improving efficiency 116. 减轻农民负担reduce farmer’s burdens; lighten the burden on them117. 跨越式发展great-leap-forward development118. 跨世纪发展trans-century project 119. 民主集中制democratic centralism 120. 讲诚信﹑反欺诈honor credibility andoppose cheating121. 强权外交power diplomacy 122. 人浮于事overstaffing123. 侵吞公款embezzle public funds 124. 群带关系networking through petticoat influence125. 求同存异seek common ground on major issues while shelving differences on minor ones126. 滥用权力abuse one ’s power; misuse one ’s authority127. 廉政建设build a clean and honestgovernment128. 三步走战略the three -step development strategy129. 三讲教育three emphaseseducation —emphasize theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct 130. 三峡工程Three gorges project 131. 贪污腐化corruption and degeneration 132. 思想僵硬fossilized concept 133. 西部开发the development of China ’s west134. 发展是硬道理Development is aninvariable truth 135. 坚持四项基本原则uphold the four cardinal principles 136. 地方保护主义regional protectionism137. 拜金主义money worship 138. 行贿受贿give and take bribery139. 走后门get in by the back door / enter bythe back door140. 和平演变peaceful evolution141. 贪脏枉法take bribes and bend the law 142. 以权谋私abusing power for money 143. 拉关系try to establish a relationship with sb.144. 权钱交易trading power for money 145. 扫黄运动anti-pornography campaign 146. 公款吃喝enjoy banquet on public funds 147. “一国两制”的原则the principle of “onecountry, two systems:”148. 两大主题two principle themes 149. 坚持一个中国立场stick to one-Chinaposition150. 全国人民代表大会National People’sCongress151. 与国际接轨synchronize with the world;accord with international norms152. 社会主义物质文明socialist material wellbeing153. 社会主义精神文明socialist culture and ideology154. 实现中华民族伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation155. 歪风邪气unhealthy practices and evil phenomena156. 温暖工程adequate food and clothing program157. 知识产权intellectual property right158. 综合国力comprehensive national strength 159. 最低生活保障制度systems for ensuring a minimum standard of living160. 政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management161. 与时俱进keep pace with the times162. 闲置人员idle hand163. 养老保险endowment insurance164. 以经济建设为中心focus on the central task of economic construction165. 下岗职工基本生活费subsistence allowance for laid-off workers166. 世界观﹑人生观﹑价值观world outlook, outlook on life and values167. 实事求是seek truth from facts168. 试点工程pilot project169. 政府廉洁高效clean and efficient government170. 战略伙伴关系strategic partnership3、教育与科学技术类171. 科技含量technology content172. 科教兴国rely on science, technology and education to rejuvenate the nation 173. 可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development174. 工业园区industrial park175. 技术密集型产品technology-intensive product176. 新兴学科new branch of science177. 边缘学科frontier science178. 高速宽带互联网high-speed broadband networks179. 电脑病毒computer viruses180. 电子商务e-commerce; e-business181. 黑客hacker182. 数字地球digital globe183. 局域网local area network184. 人工智能artificial intelligence185. 网上冲浪web-surfing186. 网络世界cyber world187. 网上犯罪cyber crime188. 信息高速公路information highland189. 网民netizen190. 虚拟现实virtual reality191. 克隆cloning192. 基因工程genetic engineering193. 转基因食品genetically modified food 194. “神舟六号”载人飞船manned spacecraft Shenzhou VI195. 掌上电脑palm computer196. 主页home page197. 语音信箱voice mail198. 网络经济cyber-economy199. 网虫netter; Internet geek200. 网恋cyber romance; virtual romance201. 高精尖技术high-grade, high-precision, advanced technology202. 科技扶贫support poor areas usingtechnology203. 科研攻关work towards key technological breakthroughs204. 自费研究生self-supporting graduate student205. 委托培养consign the training of personnel to a certain school206. 填鸭式教学cramming method of teaching 207. 启发式教学heuristic education208. 复合型人才interdisciplinary talent209. 论文答辩thesis oral defense210. 素质教育quality-oriented education211. 教书育人impart knowledge and educate people212. 九年制义务教务教育nine-year compulsory education213. 德智体美劳全面发展all around development of moral,intellectual,physical,aesthetics and labor education214. 知识产权intellectual property215. 因材施教teach students according to their aptitude216. 硕博连读 a continuous academic program that involves postgraduate and doctoral study 217. 双学位double degree218. 双向选择two-way selection219. 人才流失brain drain220. 陶冶情操cultivate one’s taste and temperament221. 学生减负alleviate the burden on students 222. 学术交流academic exchanges223. 学科带头人pace-setter in scientific research224. 德才兼备have both political integrity and ability225. 攻读硕士学位study for a doctoral degree 226. 文科生students of liberal arts227. 理科生students of science228. 爱国主义教育education in patriotism 229. 择优录取enroll the excellent students 230. 毕业论文graduation thesis231. 毕业设计graduation project232. 义务教育compulsory education233. 高等教育higher education234. 选修课程optional courses235. 主修课程major courses236. 重点学科key disciplinary areas237. 德智体全面发展的学生students who are well developed morally, intellectually and physically238. 教育部Ministry of Education239. 博士生导师doctoral supervisors240. 世界观﹑人生观﹑价值观word outlook, outlook on life and values4、文化社会生活类241. 彩票lottery ticket242. 保健食品health-care food243. 暴发户new rich; upstart244. 民工潮farmer’s frenzied hunt for work in cities245. 下岗工人laid-off workers246. 人口老龄化aging/ graying population 247. 人口高峰baby boom248. 人口负增长negative population growth 249. 流动人口moving population250. 收视率viewing rate251. 售后服务after-sale service252. 再就业工程re-employment project253. 自由职业者free lancer254. 性别歧视sexual discrimination255. 性价比cost performance256. 水货smuggled goods257. 水土流失soil erosion258. 文化渗透cultural infiltration259. 跳槽job-hopping260. 抢购panic buying262. 公益广告public-interest advertisement263. 让利offer discounts264. 出国热craze for going abroad265. 社会福利制度the social welfare system266. 享受公费医疗enjoy public health care267. 世界卫生组织World Health Organization (WHO) 268. 黄昏恋twilight love269. 贺岁片New Year film270. 记者招待会press/ news conference271. 卖淫嫖娼prostitute oneself and visit prostitutes 272. 制造假钞make the false notes273. 吸毒者 a drug addict274. 出售黄色录像sell obscene video tapes275.传销pyramid-selling; multi-level marketing。