20102同等学力考试真题

Paper One 试卷一（90minutes）PartⅠDialogue Communication (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1. A: Frank，where are the cookies? Don't tell me you ate them all!B: _______They were so good.A. Yes，forget it.B. Yes，I couldn't help it.C. No，I'm sorry.D. No，don't be mad2. A: The train is delayed again.B: _____How long do we have to wait?A: About forty minutes.A. What a pity!B. How annoying!C. I'm sorry to hear that.D. So far so good.3. A: When Lisa saw me at the mall，she didn't even say hello to me.B: I can’t understand why______. I thought you were good friends.A. you greeted her firstB. B. she was also there at the timeC. she gave you the cold shoulderD. you should have cared4. A: I used to make delicious pies, but this one tastes terrible.B: I think you're really .A. out of dateB. out of touchC. out of handD. out of practice5. A: Dr. Smith, what's wrong with my father?B: Well, ______ considering his advanced age.A. he's in pretty good shapeB. B. don't ask me such a questionC. I have no ideaD. I have nothing to say for the momentSection B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.6. Woman: Bob，if you weed the garden，I'll do the dishes.Man: It's a deal.Question: What does the man mean?A. He agrees to the proposal.B. He rejects the idea.C. He thinks it's unfair.D. He stands to gain.7. Woman: Can I go skiing with you and your fiends this weekend?Man: The more，the merrier.Question: what does the man mean?A. There are already too many people.B. He can't promise the woman now.C. The woman is welcome to join them.D. The woman can come next time.8. Man: This suitcase cost me 200 dollars.Woman: 200 dollars for a piece of junk like that? That’s a rip-off!Question: What does the woman mean?A. It's a bit expensive.B. It's a real bargain.C. It's not worth the price. D: It's unexpected.9. Woman: The house seems in a bad shape.Man: Yes, we've decided to rebuild it from scratch……Question: What would the man probably do-to the house?A. He would scratch the paint off its surface.B. He would tear it down first.C. He would make some repairs.D. He would rebuild it by himself.10.Ted: I ate four hamburgers，Mom.Mother: Well，you've made a pig of yourself.Question: What do we learn from the conversation?A. Pigs love hamburgers too.B. Ted looks overweight.C. The hamburgers were delicious.D. Ted ate too many hamburgers. Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each)Section ADirections:In this section, there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with asingle bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWERSHEET.11. In his closing remarks，the chairman expressed his thanks to all those who hadcontributed to the success of the conference.A. commentsB. speechC. criticism D lecture12. Both Tom and his brother take after their father not only in appearance but alsoin character.A. commentsB. speechC. criticismD. lecture13. The hurricane was incredibly devastating and left thousands homeless.A. forceful B .memorize C .protect D. observe14. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind theirmanners.A. evaluateB. memorizeC. protectD. observe15. Economic factors aside, the imbalanced distribution of educational resourcesalso affects fairness of education.A .unjustB .impartial C. protect D. observe16. Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid foughthard to hold back her laughter.A. checkB. keepC. stopD. retain17. The government has called for an independent inquiry into the incident.A. requirementB. examinationC. analysisD. investigation18. A great number of houses would have to be removed to make way for the newamusement park.A. take the place of B .give space for C. build up D. work out 19. Drug use accounts for approximately three-quarters of all reported cased of HIV in the country.A. possibly B .roughly C .generally D. contained20 .For their own safety, household pets should be confined to their own yard.A. tamedB. regainedC. restricted D .containedSection BDirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21. By a strange_______, both candidates have come up with the same solution tothe problem.A. coincidenceB. EncounterC. chanceD. overlap22. The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that ______the speakers stoppedfor refreshments.A. at large B .at intervals C. at ease D. at random23. Mr Tunick filed suit against the New York police department after cityofficials________ his request.A. turned downB. turned inC. turned offD. turned out24. The fire man had a _______escape when a staircase collapsed beneath his feet.A. CloseB. NarrowC. hardD. near25. Many painters, rock singers, and dancers have distinct hair style, ________totheir group.A. particularB. essentialC. specialD. peculiar 26. That he brought the company big profits wouldn't ______ putting the company'smoney into his own pockets.A. justifyB. clarifyC. testifyD. amplify27. We’re _______50 new staff this year as business grows. A. taking over B. taking in C. taking on D. taking up28. Is the theory of evolution direct _____ with religious teachings, or does it leaveroom for debate?A .comparison B. distinction C. disturbance D. contradiction 29. Libraies are an investment for the future and should not be allowed to fallinto______.A. dissolutionB. decayC. declineD. depression30. A transplant operation is successful only doctors can prevent the body formrejecting the ______ organ.A. borrowedB. strangeC. novelD. foreignPart III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 for each)Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 6 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneA 10-year-old boy decided to study judo(柔道) despite the fact that he had lost his left arm in a terrible car accident. The boy began lessons with an old Japanese judo master，and he was doing well. But he couldn't understand why，after three months of training，the master had taught him only one move. "Sir，" the boy finally said，"shouldn't I be learning more moves?"“This the only move you know，but this is the only move you'll ever needto know，" the master replied.Not quite understanding，but believing in his teacher，the boy kept training. Several months later，the master took the boy to his first tournament(锦标赛). Surprising himself，the boy easily won his first two matches. The third match proved to be more difficult，but after some time，his opponent became impatient and charged; the boy skillfully used his one move to win the match. Still amazed by his success the boy was now in the finals.This time，his opponent was bigger，stronger，and more experienced. For a while，the boy appeared to be overmatched. Concerned that the boy might get hurt, the referee alled a time-out, He was about to stop the match when the judo master intervened."No," the judo master insisted，"Let him continue."Soon after the match resumed，his opponent made a critical mistake: he dropped his guard. Instantly，the boy used his move to pin him. The boy had won the match and the tournament. He was the champion.On the way home，the boy and his judo master reviewed every move in each and every match. Then the boy summoned the courage to ask what was really on his mind."Sir，how did I win the tournament with only one move?""You won for two reasons," the master answered."First，you've almost mastered one of the most difficult throws in all of judo. Second，the only known defense for that move is for your opponent to grab your left arm.”31．Why did the boy want to learn judo?A. He wanted to get over the accident.B. He wanted to make up for his disability.C. He wanted to exercise his right arm.D. The reason was not mentioned in the passage32. When a referee calls a "time-out”________.A. the time has run outB. the game stops for a short timeC. either side can claim victoryD. the game ends in a tie33. Why did the master insist on continuing the match? ________.A. He didn't want to give the opponent an advantage.B. The boy was confident of winning.C. He had confidence in the boy's skill.D. All he cared about was winning the final.34. What probably caused the defeat of the boy's opponent in the final? _______.A. Over-confidence.B. Impatience.C. Inexperience.D. Exhaustion.35. Why did the master teach the boy only that one move?A. The boy could not do other moves with only one arm.B. It was the only move the master knew well.C. It was the move his opponent would not be good at.D. His opponent would be helpless once he made that move.36. What does the passage mainly tell us？A. One can turn a weakness into an advantage.B. It is very difficult to have a good teacher.C. Even a disabled person can win a match.D. Practice makes perfect.Passage TwoMy five-year-old daughter knew exactly what she wanted for Christmas of 1977, and told me so. Yes，she still would like the pink-and-green plastic umbrella，books，long nightgown，slippers-fine. But really，there was only one thing that mattered: a Barbie Townhouse, with all the accessories.This was a surprise. Rebecca was not a Barbie girl，preferred stuffed animals to dolls，and wasn't drawn to play in a structured environment. Always amake-up-the-rules，design-my-own-world，do-it-my-way kid. Maybe，I thought，the point wasn't Barbie but the house，which she could claim，for herself，sinc e we’d already moved five times during her brief life.Next day，I stopped at the mall. The huge Barbie Townhouse box was there. "3 Floors of High-Styled Fun! Elevator Can Stop on All Floors!" Some Assembly Required. Uh-oh. My track record for assembling things was miserable. Brooklyn-born，I was raised in apartment buildings in a family that didn't build things. A few years earlier，I'd spent one week assembling a six-foot-tall jungle gym from a kit containing so many parts. I spent the first four hours sorting and the last two hours trying to figure out why there were so many pieces. The day after I finished building it，as if to remind me of my limitations，a tornado(龙卷风) touched down close enough to scatter the jungle gym across an acre of field.I assembled the Barbie Townhouse on Christmas Eve. Making it level，keeping the columns from looking like they'd melted and been refrozen，and getting that elevator to work were almost more than I could manage. And building it in curse-free silence so my daughter would continue sleeping--if，in fact，she was sleeping-added a layer of challenge . By dawn I was done. Shortly thereafter，my daughter walked into the living room. Her surprise may not be real ，but her delight was utterly genuine and moves me. to this day，34 years later. Rebecca had spurred me to do something. I didn't think I could do. It was for her，and—like so much of the privilege of being her farther--it brought me further outside myself and let me overcome doubts about me capacities .37. In the author’s eyes, his little daughter was_______A. obedientB. unstableC. originalD. stubborn38. The author thought that his daughter’s choice of the Barbie Townhouse________.A. was natural for a five-year-old girlB. was influenced by her life experienceC. reflected the change in her tasteD. brought her back normal39. For the author，assembling things_______.A. was largely in his bloodB. was a challenge he enjoyedC. was always his weak pointD. was part of his family education40. Assembling the Barbie Townhouse_______.A. brought out the author's potentialsB. turned out to be easier than expectedC. actually drove the author crazyD. was a bad memory for the author41. In the last paragraph the author mainly expressed______.A. his pride in being a fatherB. B. his gratitude to his daughterC. his concern about his capabilityD. his delight in helping his daughter42. What can be learned about the relationship between the author and his daughter?A. They are on good terms with each other.B. They barely speak to each other.C. They are polite but cold to each other.D. They keep secrets from each other.Passage ThreeIt is all very well to blame traffic jam, the cost of petrol and the fast paceof modem life, but manners on the roads are becoming deplorable. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again , to have a tiger in the tank，but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter. You might tolerate the odd road-hog(占道者)，but nowadays thewell-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a "Be Kind to Other Drivers" campaign，otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road courtesy is not only good manners，but good sense too. It takes the most good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to hit back when subjected to uncivilized behavior. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of courtesy helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modem traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of courtesy are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize courtesy when they see it. Contrary to general opinion，young drivers have better manners than their seniors. But this is short-lived in the world of modern driving where many drivers neither expect nor give any mercy. This may be encouraged on the battlefield but is out of place on the roads.Lorry drivers say they have almost abandoned the practice of signaling carsto overtake when the road is clear, because many of the cars took too long to pass. They couldn't be bothered to select a lower gear. The car drivers, after overtaking, slowed down again and hogged the road. Again, a motoring magazine has recently drawn attention to the increasing number of drivers who never wait for gaps." They manufacture them by force，using their direction indicators as a threat rather than a warning." Punch-ups(打群架) are quite common. It can't be long before we hear of pistols and knives being used.Driving is essentially a state of mind. However technically skilled a driver may be，he can't be an advanced motorist if he is always arrogant and aggressive.43. The author is most concerned about________.A. traffic jamB. road mannersC. fast pace of lifeD. high cost of petrol44. The word "deplorable" (Para. 1) most probably means ________.A. more seriousB. more temptingC. disturbingD. noticeable45. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? ________.A. Many drivers tend to fight back against rude behaviors.B. A little courtesy may help ease the tensions on the road.C. Goodwill and tolerance may help relieve traffic jam.D. Many drivers nowadays lack a good sense of courtesy.46. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that ________.A. young drivers are more aggressiveB. young drivers would soon lose their good mannersC. elder drivers are more cautiousD. elder drivers should improve their driving skills47. An example of good manners on the roads is_______.A. signaling cars to overtakeB. manufacturing a gapC. selecting a lower gearD. using the direction indicator48. According to the author，a good driver should_______.A. be technically skilledB. have a good state of mindC. be sympathetic with othersD. take good care of his vehiclePassage FourOn how the world has changed over the last 50 years，not all of it has been good. As you are looking for organic food information, you have obviously become aware that a better alternative exists and you are taking a critical look at the source and production practices of the compan ies producing the world’s food supplies.The purpose of organic food information is to give you an understanding of what is going into your food. You will see that there are many benefits to organic food that you didn't know before. The basis behind knowing about organic food information is the fact that farmers are resorting to using artificial fertilizers and pesticides(杀虫剂) to control disease and insect attack in order to produce more crops to satisfy growing demand. These artificial fertilizers leave something poisonous in and on the fruit and vegetables we consume which in turn is absorbed and stored by our bodies.Eve n the quality of food has gone down in recent years. Today’s fruits have nowhere near the Vitamin C levels they did at one time. However，with organic food information you learn that organic food has fifty percent more nutrients，minerals and vitamins than any other form of produce that has been grown under intensive farming. If you are eating non-organic produce you will have to eat more fruit in order to make up for this deficiency. But then the dangerous cycle continues since you will be eating more chemicals that are worse for your health than they are good for you.Another aspect of organic food information is the production of meat and poultry (家禽). Most only consider produce when it comes to organic foodinformation disregarding the antibiotics and hormones that are given to both cattle and poultry that are being force fed. Ask yourself what happens to all these antibiotics and hormones when the animal is killed，the remaining of these antibiotics and growth hormones reside in the meat which are then consumed，digested and stored in human bodies. There is no way that an animal that isn't kept in healthy conditions can produce healthy food for humans to eat.You have nothing to lose by trying organic product，not only will it be healthy for you but you will also be able to eat produce and meat the way they are supposed to be. You will likely be so impressed with the taste of organic fruit that you will never return to the mass-produced fruit again. While cost and availability can be a big issue for some，you can do a bit of research online and find a local store that stocks organic produce for a reasonable price.49. It is stated in Paragraph 1 that organic food ________.A. is considered as a better choiceB. is mostly supplied by world-famous companiesC. has become popular over the last 50 yearsD. reflects the change of production practices50. Farmers use artificial fertilizers and pesticides to________.A. satisfy people's critical demandB. develop better farming technologyC. get a higher crop yieldD. keep people in better health51. According to Paragraph 3，organic food________. .A. has gone down in qualityB. has more nutrientsC. can replace mass-produced foodD. lacks Vitamin C52. What does the author say about meat and poultry? ________.A. Organic meat and poultry is hardly available.B. A great amount of meat is consumed every year.C. Merciless killing of the animals lowers their quality.D. They may contain antibiotics and growth hormones.53. In the last paragraph, people are advised to ________. .A. eat traditional produce and meatB. return to mass-produced fruitsC. do the cost and availability researchD. try organic product for better health and taste54. This passage is mainly about________. .A. the benefits of organic food informationB. the challenges facing the world food industryC. changes in food production practicesD. a growing demand high quality foodPassage FiveDrinking waste water? The idea may sound distasteful，but new federally funded research says more Americans are doing so-whether they know ornot-and this reuse will be increasingly necessary as the U.S. population expands.Treated wastewater poses no greater health risks than existing water supplies and, in some cases, may be even safer to drink，according to a report released by the National Research Council. “We believe water reuse is an option to deal with growing water scarcity, especially in coastal areas”, says Jorg Drewes, anengineering professor at the Colorado School of Mines. "This can be done reliably without putting the public at risk”，he says，citing technological advances. He says it's a waste not to reuse the nation's wastewater，because almost all of it is treated before discharge. This water includes storm runoff(径流) as well as used water from homes，businesses and factories.In many places，the report says，the public does not realize it's drinking water that was treated after being discharged as wastewater somewhere upstream. For example，wastewater discharged into the Trinity River from Dallas/Fort Worth flows south into Lake Livingston，the source for Houston's drinking water. Despite the growing importance of this reuse，the report says there's been no systemic analysis of its extent nationwide since a 1980 study by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Alan Roberson of the American Water Works Association says wastewater reuse is common, so the council's report is important but not surprising. Roberson expects this recycling will continue to increase，especially for irrigation and industrial needs. He says it will take longer to establish potable(适于饮用的) uses because of public nervousness about drinking wastewater, however treated.“We have to do something to address water scarcity”, says Olga Naidenko, a senior scientist at the non-profit Environmental Working Group. “Less than 10 of potable water is used for drinking，cooking，showering or dishwashing. We flush it down the toilet，literally.” Technologies exist to safely treat the water，she says，although some are expensive.The report says water reuse projects tend to cost more，than most water conservation options but less than seawater desalination(脱盐) and other supply alternatives. It calls on the EPA to develop rules that set safe national standards.55. As can be learned from Paragraph 1, drinking wastewater_______.A. is to become a growing necessityB. is well received by the AmericansC. has caused heated public debatesD. has become the dominant option56. Which of the following statements would Jorg Drewes agree to?_______.A. Water reuse may eventually put the public at risk.B. Water reuse is preferable to wasting water.C. Water reuse is far from a solution to water shortage.D. Water reuse is possible only after greater tech advances.57. Lake Livingston is mentioned to show that the public________.A. accepts the fact of drinking wastewater calmlyB. is concerned about the safety of the drinking waterC. does not believe that wastewater is safe to drink.D. is not aware of the nature of their drinking water58. According to Alan Roberson, ________.A. it is not safe to drink wastewaterB. the report has surprised the publicC. the report helps build up public confidenceD. the public has yet to accept drinking waste water59. Olga Naidenko’s remarks emphasize________.A. the recent progressB. the existing problemsC. the new perspectiveD. the potential risks60. What does the report suggest to the EPA?________.A. Weighing different water conservation options.B. Exploring new technologies to treat wastewater.C. Setting up national standards for water reuse.D. Monitoring water supplies at a national level.Part IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Why do kids hate Brussels sprouts(芽甘苦)? Because Brussels sprouts are bitter，and kids generally don't like bitter tastes. But it's not their _61 _. Researchers say that a dislike for bitter and sour is a survival instinct，since most toxic substances _62_ that way too. On the other hand，sweetness typically indicates that something is _63_ to eat, so children are born with a_64_ for sweets.What we like to eat changes over time. As we age, we realize that _65 _ something tastes bitter or sour，it won't kill us，and we learn to _66_ it. When we're older，we _67_ some of our smell sensitivity .Humans need smell to experience flavor, which is different from taste. With our senses diminished，we'll probably begin _68_ sugar and salt to our food，to heighten the flavor._69_, there's a theory that the reason many especially "big"—tasting wines in recent years have won awards is that wine critics are getting older and finding subtle flavors _70_ to sense.If someone is_71_ to detect flavors at all，he may have a taste _72_，which can be caused by a tongue injury or brain damage. Or it could be a problem with_73_. The channel that separates the mouth from the nose allows us to smell behind our nose and is _74_ enjoying most complex flavors. That's why food seems _75_ when we have a stuffy nose-except chicken noodle soup. It's so salty.61. A. fault B. choice C. habit D. regret62.A. feel B. look C. sound D. taste63. A. strange B. necessary C. safe D. ready64. A.capacityB. preferenceC. awarenessD. consideration65. A. nowthatB. in caseC. if onlyD. even though66. A.enjoyB. improveC. treatD. alter67.A. form B. lose C. reduce D. gain68. A.puttingB. balancingC. addingD. limiting69. A. InessenceB. InconclusionC. In factD. In short70. A. softer B. nicer C. worse D. harder71. A.unlikelyB. unableC. impossibleD. improbable72. A.disorderB. symptomC. therapyD. illusion73. A. mood B. taste C. flavor D. smell74. A. subjecttoB. liable toC. crucial forD. beneficial for。

2．根据图示有限元模型，给出有限元法计算时的各节点的等效载荷。
机械工程试卷
第 5 页 共 10 页
B组
一、填空题（每空 1 分，共 8 分） 1．工程数据库管理系统一般向用户提供两个接口，它们是 2．虚拟企业的特点是它在三个方面的虚拟，即 虚拟化。 3．精良生产的特征是以 目标。 为中心，以 为手段，以 为最终 、 和 、 。 的
E组
一、填空题（每空 1 分，共 8 分）
1．汽车质量换算系数主要与
的 有关。
的转动惯量、
的转动惯量以及传动系
2．当具有过多转向特性的汽车，车速到达临界车速时，只要极其微小的前轮摆角，便会
发生很大的 滑或翻车。 ，而且不断增加，这意味着汽车面临失稳发生 而侧
3．在前后车轮都不抱死的前提下，影响汽车制动强度的主要因素有
（1）该式中，等号处为 ＜、＝ 和 ＞ 情况下，分别代表车辆的哪三种状态？ f y* 1 （2）该式中 11 W ， f 22 w 和 W 分别为哪三个物理量？ 2 r0 （3）该式中 、W、 和 rO 为何种参数？
1
2．在 Karnopp 提出的半主动悬挂及控制方法中：
（1）什么是“天棚阻尼”减振器？ （2）写出可控阻尼器开关控制的数学表达式。 （3）画出半主动悬挂及控制示意图。 机械工程试卷 第 8 页 共 10 页
不平顺、 轨道方
2．轮对一面
移动、一面又绕通过其质心的
轴转动，这两种运动的
耦合称为蛇行运动。
3．设轮对左右滚动圆的横向距离为 2b，轮对前进速度为 V，由于轮对摇头 ψ 而引起的左
右车轮的纵向蠕滑率为 和 。 在不变的
4．在建立曲线通过分析方法时，所谓稳态运动是指车辆以一定的

2002年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试及参考答案Paper One 试卷一(90 minutes)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes, 15 points) （略）Part II Vocabulary (15 minutes, 15 points)Section ADirections: In this section there are fifteen sentences , each with one word or phrase underlined . Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.16. I’d like to take this opportunity t o extend my heart-felt gratitude to the host .A. increaseB. prolongC. intensifyD. express17. Chinese farmers are mostly living a simple and thrifty life as it is today.A. miserableB. economicalC. luxuriousD. sensible18. Many of the local residents left homes to ward off the danger of flooding.A. overcomeB. encloseC. encounterD. avoid19. The State Council will lay down new rules that aim to make management compatible with internationally accepted conventions.A. conferencesB. conversationsC. practicesD. formations20. Personality in Americans is further complicated by successive waves of immigration from various countries.A. uninterruptedB. successfulC. forcefulD. overwhelming21. Without question, people’s lives in China have improved dramatically in the past two decades.A. Out of the questionB. No doubtC. NaturallyD. Obviously22. The dean can’t see you at the moment. He is addressing the first-year students in the lecture hall.A. complaining toB. arguing withC. speaking toD. consulting with23.He does nothing that violates the interests of the collective.A. runs forB. runs againstC. runs overD. runs into24. As a result of sophisticated technologies, this device has several advantages over like products.A. traditionalB. intelligentC. industriousD. advanced25. The patient’s condition has deteriorated since he had a heart attack.A. improved a littleB. remained the sameC. become worseD. changed a lot26. When taken in large quantities some drugs can cause permanent brain damage.A. lastingB. seriousC. terribleD. temporary27. One U.S. dollar is comparable to 131 Japanese yen according to China Daily’s finance news report yesterday.A. compatibleB. compactC. equalD. entitled28. At that time work was restricted to slaves and to those few poor citizens who couldn’t support themselves.A. attributedB. limitedC. connectedD. devoted29. I found this very profitable in diminishing the intensity of narrow-minded prejudice.A. lesseningB. reflectingC. removingD. increasing30. When a man knows that he will be put into prison if he uses a potentially deadly object to rob or do harm to another person, he will think twice about it .A. passiveB. lifelongC. unhappyD. fatalSection BDirections: In this section, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.31. This great project at the Three Gorges of the Yangtze is expected to _______ twenty years to complete.A. spendB. consumeC. needD. take32. His effort of decades began to _______ . He came to be well-known for his findings.A. pay offB. die offC. put offD. break off33. The _______ of lung cancer is particularly high among long-term heavy smokers，especially chain smokers.A. incidentB. accidentC. incidenceD. evidence34. Nothing is so uncertain as the fashion market where one style _______ over another before being replaced.A. dominatesB. manipulatesC. overwhelmsD. prevails35. Mrs. Brown couldn’t shake the _______ the these kids were in deep trouble and it was up to her to help them.A. conversionB. convictionC. conservationD. convention36. X-rays are also called Rontgen rays _______ the discoverer who first put them to use.A. in case ofB. in view ofC. in place ofD. in honor of37. Telecommunication developments have enabled people to send messages _______ television , radio and electronic mail.A. viaB. amidC. pastD. across38. Technology has _______ the sharing, storage and delivery of information , thus making more information available to more people.A. finishedB. furnishedC. functionedD. facilitated39. The philosophy class began with twenty students but three _______ after the midterm exam.A. picked upB. turned outC. dropped outD. kept up40. The following account by the author _______ the difference between European and American reactions.A. illustratesB. acquiresC. demandsD. deletes41. An intimate and _______ knowledge of how you are doing in the customer’s eyes is critical.A. objectiveB. subordinateC. optionalD. subsequent42. Long _______ to harmful pollutants is most likely to lead to a decline in health.A. contactB. touchC. useD. exposure43. The architectural differences may _______ confusion or discomfort for the foreign travelers.A. varyB. describeC. causeD. impress44. _______ being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.A. Rather thanB. Apart fromC. Instead ofD. Owing to45. Even at discounted prices, these powerful AIDS drugs are far beyond _______ for most of the world’s 40 million HIV-infected people.A. reachB. controlC. comprehensionD. imaginationPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes ,25 points)Directions:There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage 1John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of Representatives and served until 1990.One day at the Dessoto County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12-year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, called A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham’s next novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near Charlottesville, Virginia.When he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26Little League teams.46. John Grisham is ________ at present.A. a writerB. a lawyerC. a professional baseball playerD. a congressman47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel?A. A case of murder.B. A case of rapeC. His father’s experienceD. His life on the farm48. The story of the novel A Time to Kill would probably focus on __________ ?A. how the girl was attackedB. the circumstances of the rapeC. how the gir l’s father took revengeD. how the case of rape was settled49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm ?A. It was popular at the time of publicationB. It earned Grisham great fame.C. It brought Grisham wealthD. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built ballfields on his property ________.A. to achieve his life’s goal as a professional baseball playerB. to coach children in baseballC. to see his childhood dream being realized in the childrenD. to provide facilities of baseball training.Passage 2A quality education is the ultimate liberator. It can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. It can also free communities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.For this reason, the international community has committed itsel f to getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2015, a commitment known as Education for All.Can education for all be achieved by 2015? The answer is definitely “yes,” although it is a difficult task. If we know measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimumof five years of primary school, instead of just enrolling for classes, which used to be the measuring stick for education, then the challenge becomes even more difficult. Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.Still, the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community. 59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems. They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support. The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress. But this is attainable with creative solution, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty.A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country’s capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies, institutions and management. Where a country scores well on these criteria, foreign assistance can be highly effective.51. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that a quality education can __________ .A. free countries from foreign rulesB. speed up social progressC. give people freedomD. liberate people from any exploitation52. Ideally, the goal of the program of Education for All is to ______ by 2015.A. get all the world’s children to complete primary schoolB. enroll all the world’s children into primary schoolC. give quality education to people of 88 countriesD. support those committed to transforming their education systems53. _________ countries are now at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of completion rates.A. 32B. 59C. 29D. 8854. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?A. Raising the efficiency of education systems.B. Improving the quality of education.C. Using information technologies.D. Building more primary school.55. As can be gathered from the last paragraph, foreign aid _________ .A. may not be highly effectiveB. is provided only when some criteria are metC. alone makes development possibleD. is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behindPassage 3Most people think of lions as strictly African beasts, but only because they’re been killed off almost everywhere else. Ten thousand years ago lions spanned vast sections of the globe. Now lions hold only a small fraction of their former habitat, and Asiatic lions, a subspecies that spit from African lions perhaps 100,000 years ago, hang on to an almost impossibly small slice of their former territory.India is the proud steward of these 300 or so lions, which live primarily in a 560-square-mile sanctuary (保护区) . It took me a year and a half to get a permit to explore the entire Gir Forest---and no time at all to see why these lions became symbols of royalty and greatness. A tiger will hide in the forest unseen, but a lion stands its ground, curious and unafraid---lionhearted. Though they told me in subtle ways when I got too close, Gir’s lions allowed me unique glimpses into their lives during my three months in the forest. It’s odd to think that they are threatened by extinction; Gir has as many lions as it can hold----too many, in fact. With territory in short supply, lions move about near the boundary of the forest and even leave it altogether, often clashing with people. That’s one reason India is creating a second sa nctuary. There are other pressing reasons: outbreaks of disease or natural disasters. In 1994 a serious disease killed more than a third of Africa’s Serengeti lions----a thousand animals----a fate that could easily happen to Gir’s cats. These lions are especially vulnerable to disease because they descend from as few as a dozen individuals. “If you do a DNA test, Asiatic lions actually look like identical twins,” says Stephen O’Brien, a geneticist (基因学家) who has studied them. Yet the dangers are hidden, and you wouldn’t suspect them by watching these lords of the forest. The lions display vitality, and no small measure ofcharm.Though the gentle intimacy of play vanishes when it’s time to eat, meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affairs. For a mother and her baby lion sharing a deer, or a young male eating an antelope (羚羊), there’s no need to fight for a cut of the kill. The animals they hunt for food are generally smaller in Gir than those in Africa, and hunting groups tend to be smaller as well.56. In the first paragraph, the author tells us that Asiatic lions ______ .A. have killed off other lionsB. have descended from African lionsC. used to span vast sections of the globeD. have lost their habitat57. What impressed the author most when he went to watch the lions in the Gir Forest?A. Their friendliness.B. Their size.C. Their intimacy.D. Their vitality58. What does the sentence “…meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affair” mean?A. The lions do not show intimacy among them any more.B. The lions may not deed to fight for food.C. Food is not readily available in that region.D. Meals can be obtained only with great effort59. The lions in the Gir Forest are especially vulnerable to disease because ______ .A. they have descended from a dozen or so ancestorsB. they are smaller than the African lionsC. they do not have enough to eatD. they are physically weaker than the African lions60. One of the reasons why India is creating a secondary sanctuary for the Asiatic lions is that ___A. the present sanctuary is not large enoughB. scientists want to do more research on themC. they have killed many peopleD. the forest is shrinking in sizePassage 4After retirement from medical, my wife and I built our home in a gated community surrounded by yacht clubs and golf courses on Hilton Head Island. But when I left for the other side of the island, I was traveling on unpaved roads lined with leaky cottages. The “lifestyle” of many of the native islanders stood in shocking contrast to my comfortable existence.By talking to the local folks, I discovered that the vast majority of the maids, gardeners, waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care. It seemed outrageous to me. I wondered why someone didn’t do something about that. Then my father’s words, which he had asked his children daily when they were young, rang in my head again: “What did you do for someone today?”Even though my father had died several years before, I guess I still didn’t want to disappoint him. So I started working on a solution. The island was full of retired doctors. If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services, we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it. Most of the doctors I approached liked the idea, so long as they could be relicensed without troubles. It took one year and plenty of persistence, but I was able to persuade the state legislators to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics.The town donated land, local residents contributed office and medical equipment and some of the potential patients volunteered their weekends ornamenting the building that would become the clinic. We named it volunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 1994, fully staffed by retired physicians, nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers. That year we had 5,000 patient visits; last year we had 16,000.Somehow word of what we were doing got around. Soon we were receiving phone calls from retired physicians all over the country, asking for help in starting VIM clinics in their communities. We did the best we could----there are now 15 other clinics operating----but we couldn’t keep up with the need. Yet last month I think my father’s words found their way up north, to McNeil Consumer Healthcare, the maker of Tylenol (泰诺：一种感冒药). A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around thecountry.61. What is the passage mainly about?A. The contrast between the rich and the poor on an island.B. The story of a man who likes to give others advice.C. The life and work of a great father.D. The inspiration of a father’s words62. The author of the passage is ________.A. a retired physicianB. a retired teacherC. a retired medical researcherD. a retired construction worker63. The purpose of V olunteers in Medicine is to ________.A. help retired medical workers improve their incomesB. provide free medical services to those who need themC. urge the government to set up non-profit clinicsD. make the dream of the author’s father come true64. Which of the following has been done by the author himself?A. Buying the medical equipmentB. Finding the land and the office.C. Decorating the building that would become the clinic.D. Getting a special license for the retired doctors.''''65.In the last paragraph, “I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil” implies that ______.A. my father’s words fina lly reached McNeilB. McNeil decided to do something for the needy peopleC. My father decided to assist us in opening more clinics in the northD. McNeil community was badly in need of free health care programsPassage 5Even before Historian Joseph Ellis became a best-selling author, he was famous for his vivid lectures. In his popular courses at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts, he would often make classroom discussion lively by describing his own combat experience in Vietnam. But as Ellis’s reputation grew-his books on the Founding Fathers have won both the prestigious National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize ——the history professor began to entertain local and national reporters with his memories of war. Last year, after The Boston Globe carried accounts of Ellis’s experience in the Vietnam war, someone who knew the truth about Ellis dropped a dime(揭发) . Last week The Boston Globe revealed that Ellis, famous for explaining the nation’s history, had some explaining to do about his own past.“Even in the best of lives, mistakes are made,” said a wretched Ellis . It turned out that while the distinguished historian had served in the Army, he’d spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia , but teaching history at West Point(西点军校). He’d also overstated his role in the antiwar movement and even his high-school athletic records. His admission shocked colleagues, fellow historians and students who wondered why someone so accomplished would beautify his past. But it seems that success and truthfulness don’t always go hand in hand. Even among the distinguished achievers, security experts say, one in ten is deceiving—indulging in everything from empty boasting to more serious offenses such as plagiarism(剽窃), fictionalizing military records, making up false academic certificates or worse . And, oddly, prominent people who beautify the past often do so once they’re famous, says Ernest Brod of Kroll Associates, which has conducted thousands of background checks. Says Brod: “It’s not like they use these lies to climb the ladder.”Then what makes them do it? Psychologists say some people succeed, at least in part, because they are uniquely adjusted to the expectations of others. And no matter how well-known, those people can be haun ted by a sense of their own shortcomings. “From outside, these people look anything but fragile,” says Dennis Shulman, a New York psychoanalyst. “But inside, they feel hollow, empty.”66. Which of the following is true about Ellis?A. He is a famous professor of history at West Point.B. His book on the Vietnam war has won two important prizes.C. He has told both students and reporters about his own experience of war.D. He has written a best-seller for a newspaper —The Boston Globe67. While Ellis served in the Army , he .A. combated in VietnamB. taught at a military schoolC. exaggerated his part as a historianD. made mistakes in the antiwar movement68. What did Ellis lie about?A. His war experience in Vietnam.B. His athletic records in high school.C. His role in the antiwar movement.D. All of the above.69. What does “ to climb the ladder” in the second paragraph mean?A. To become more successful.B. To inquire into one’s background.C. To cover one’s serious offenses.D. To go further in beautifying one’s past.70. According to psychologists, successful people who lie about themselves .A. take pride in their weaknessesB. feel weak in their heartsC. think nothing of othersD. look weak to othersPart IV Cloze (15 minutes , 10 points)Directions: In this part , there is a passage with twenty blanks . For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.With 950 million people, India ranks second to China among the most populous countries. But since China 71 a family planning program in 1971, India has been closing the 72. Indians have reduced their birth rate but not nearly 73 the Chinese have. If current growth rates continue, India’s population will 74 China’s around the year 2028 75 about 1.7 billion. Should that happen, itwon’t be the 76 of the enlightened women of Kerala, a state in southern India. 77 India as a whole adds almost 20 million people a year, Kerala’s population is virtually 78 . The reason is No mystery: nearly two-thirds of Kerala women practice birth control, 79 about 40% in the entire nation.The difference 80 the emphasis put on health programs, 81 birth control, by the state authorities, 82 in 1957 became India’s first elected Communist 83 . And an educational tradition and matrilineal(母系的) customs in parts of Kerala help girls and boys get 84 good schooling. While one in three Indian women is 85 , 90% of those in Kerala can read and write.Higher literacy rates 86 Family planning. “Unlike our Parents, we know that we can do more for our children if we have 87 of them,” says Laila Cherian, 33, who lives in the Village of Kudamaloor. She has Limited herself 88 three children—one below the national 89 of four. That kind of restraint(抑制；克制)will keep Kerala from putting added 90 on world food supplies.71. A. discovered B. circulated C. launched D. transmitted72. A. gap B. top C. bit D. bet73. A. as many as B. as well as C. as soon as D. as much as74. A. shake B. pass C. rocket D. impress75. A. on B. in C. at D. for76. A. force B. fight C. false D. fault77. A. While B. Since C. Because D. Suppose78. A. reliable B. stable C. countable D. flexible79. A. benefited from B. involved with C. compared with D. resulted from80. A. lies in B. shows off C. results in D. departs from81. A. reviving B. including C. practicing D. containing82. A. that B. since C. what D. which83. A. group B. alliance C. government D. bureau84. A. equally B. officially C. sharply D. proudly85. A. cultural B. literate C. native D. responsible86. A. foster B. hamper C. reform D. advocate87. A. less B. more C. fewer D. better88. A. in B. at C. as D. to89. A. statistics B. average C. tendency D. category90. A. increase B. challenge C. pressure D. complaintPaper Two 试卷二(60 minutes)Part I Error Detection and Correction (10 minutes , 10 points)Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect . Then, write down the corresponding letter and, without altering the meaning of the sentence , put the correction on the ANSWER SHEET.1. The new technology has made possible for the doctor to make diagnoses without seeing theA B Cpatient in person.D2. Customers are asked to ensure that they have given correct change before leaving the shop asA B Cmistakes cannot be afterwards remedied.D3. This research program is financed by two funds, the largest of which could last for two years.A B C D4. The fact which a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor does not mean that he willA B Cindeed be able to act well on the stage.D5. There is few evidence that children in language classrooms learn foreign languages any betterA B Cthan adults in similar classroom situations.D6. Although fitness will not guarantee that you will live longer, it can help you enjoying the yearsA B Cyou do live.D7. While schools developing online curricula try to strike a balance between profits and prestige,A Bmany educators are confusing about their role in this digital world.C D8. He was caught cheating in the examination. If he had had a tail, he would put it between hisA B C Dlegs.9. When he speaks at banquets , he makes a point of going into the kitchen and to shake handsA B Cwith every waiter and waitress.D10. Other guests at yesterday’s opening, which was broadcast alive by the radio station, includedA B C Dthe princess and her husband.Part II Translation (20 minutes , 10 points )Directions:Translate the following passage into English . Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.在过去20年中,世界上没有任何一个国家的外贸发展速度像中国那么快。

2010年同等学力申硕全国工商管理试卷工商管理试卷一、单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分）1．非正式组织是指 。

A．正规组织之外的其他组织 B．人们自发形成的各种组织C．非法组织 D．人与人之间自发结合而成的类型化心理状态2．针对那些新颖、例外的问题所做出的决策是指 。

A．程序化决策 B．非程序化决策C．理性决策 D．满意决策3．正在成熟的行业具有的特点是 。

A．高速增长导致竞争加剧B．企业间的兼并和收购减少C．加速增加生产能力D．注重成本和服务上的竞争4．以下属于纵向并购的优点的是 。

A．并购竞争对手，获得现成的生产线，迅速扩大生产能力，实现规模经济B．利用规模经济降低成本C．降低企业交易成本D．有利多元化经营，可以降低单一行业经营风险5．百科全书属于 。

A．选购品 B．便利品C．非渴求商品 D．特殊品6．目标利润定价法属于 。

A．成本导向定价 B．需求导向定价C．竞争导向定价 D．混合导向定价7．企业针对最终消费者，花费大量的资金从事广告和消费者促销活动，以增加产品的需求，这被称为。

A．快速掠取策略 B．推式策略C．拉式策略 D．快速渗透策略8．如果证券价格完全反映了一切公开的和非公开的信息，这种市场属于 。

A．无效市场 B．弱式有效市场C．次强式有效市场 D．强式有效市场9．在其他条件不变的情况下，如果企业资产负债率增加，则财务杠杆系数将会 。

A．保持不变 B．增大C．减小 D．变化但方向不确定10．如果某一长期投资项目的净现值为负数，则说明该项目 。

A．为亏损项目，不可行B．为盈利项目，可行C．投资报酬率低于预定的贴现率，不可行D．投资报酬率低于本企业的正常投资报酬率，不可行二、多项选择题（每小题2分，共8分）11．正式组织的基本要素包括 。

A．协作意愿 B．组织结构C．共同目标 D．信息沟通E．制度规范12．企业使命的界定是在对自身业务清晰界定的基础上进行的，从战略角度来讲，企业可以从几个方面界定自己的业务。

2010年同等学力工商综合真题参考答案一、单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分）1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．C6．A7．C 8．D 9．B 10．D二、多项选择题（每小题2分，共8分）11．ACD 12．ABE 13．ADE 14．ADE三、名词解释（每小题3分，共12分）1．业务规范：业务规范是针对业务活动过程中那些大量存在、反复出现，又能摸索出科学处理办法的事物所制定的作业处理规定。

2．交易风险：交易风险是指企业因进行跨国交易而取得外币债权或承担外币债务时，由于交易发生日的汇率与结算日的汇率不一致，可能使收入或支出发生变动的风险。

交易风险主要表现在以下几个方面：（1）以外币表示的借款或贷款；（2）以外币表示的商品及劳务的赊账业务；（3）尚未履行的期货外汇合约；（4）其他方式所取得的外币债权或应承担的外币债务。

3．选择分销：选择分销是指制造商在某一地区仅仅通过几个精挑细选的、最合适的中间商推销其生产品。

选择分销适用于所有产品，但相对而言，消费品中选购品和特殊品最宜于采取选择分销。

4．虚拟组织：虚拟组织是指企业保留核心资源，而把业务分包给其他组织完成，从而创造竞争优势。

虚拟组织的主要优势在于对产品和市场的灵活性，其劣势是管理人员对公司的主要职能活动缺乏强有力的控制。

四、简答题（每小题7分，共28分）1．简述分工给组织带来的弊端。

答：分工给组织带来的弊端：（1）分工会带来工作的单调化；（2）分工会阻碍组织内部人员的合理流动，降低其对组织变化的适应能力；（3）专业化会助长组织内部的冲突。

2．简述矩阵组织结构的优点。

答：矩阵组织结构是指在原有按直线指挥系统与职能部门组成纵向垂直领导系统的基础上，又建立一个横向的以产品（项目）为中心的领导系统，两者合成为矩阵形结构。

矩阵组织结构的优点是：（1）适于进行以项目为中心的经营活动；（2）能最有效地发挥职能部门管理人员的作用；（3）能激发管理人员的创造性，利于开展多种业务项目；（4）中层管理人员可以更多地接触企业战略问题。

2010年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试英语试卷一 APaper One (90 minutes)Part I Dialogue Communication (10 minutes, 10 points)Part ⅡVocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points)Part ⅢReading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points)Part ⅣCloze (15 minutes, 15 points)考生须知1．本考试分试卷一和试卷二两部分。

试卷一满分65分，考试时间为90分钟，9:00开始，10:30结束；试卷二满分35分，考试时间为60分钟，10：30开始，11：30结求。

本考试及格标准为总分60分，其中试卷二不低于18分。

2．请考生务必将本人考号最后两位数字填写在本页右上角方框内。

3．本试卷一为A型试卷，请将答案用2B铅笔填涂在A型答题卡上，答在其它类型答题卡或试卷上的无效。

答题前，请核对答题卡是否为A型卡，若不是，请要求监考员予以更换。

4．在答题卡上正确的填涂方法为：在答案所代表的字母上划线，如[A] [B][C][D]。

5．监考员宣布试卷一考试结束后，请停止答试卷一，将试卷一和试卷二答题卡反扣在自己的桌面上，继续做试卷二。

监考员将到座位上收取试卷一和试卷二答题卡。

6．监考员收卷过程中，考生须配合监考员验收，并请监考员在准考证上签字（作为学生交卷的凭据）。

否则，若发生答卷遗失，责任由考生自负。

Paper One试卷一(90 minutes)Part I Dialogue Communication (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue: Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET．1．A: Can you take over for me here for a little while? I have a friend coming to see me．B: I'd like to, but ________ Ask Peter, he's not so occupied at this moment．A．how can I do it? B．that's alright．C．I have my hands full．D．that's impossible．2．A: To get an outside line, just dial 0 and the phone number. Or we can place a call for you, if you want．B: No, thanks a lot．________A．Just put me through．B．I'll try it myself．C．I'd rather not．D．I'll appreciate your help．3．A: Now, it's just work, work, work. I work hard all day every day．B: Oh, come on．________ You're making a good salary now．A．Don't complain．B．Sorry to hear about it．C．Anything I can do for you? D．What's your plan?4．A: Pamela, can you come to a meeting on Friday?B: ________ Let me check my schedule. When are you having it?A．No big deal．B．I'm not sure．C．Can I? D．Sure thing!5．A: I'm really getting fed up with the salespersons who keep calling．B: ________A．I hope it's nothing serious．B．They are so stupid!C．So am I. It's so annoying．D．You are right. Forget it．Section B Dialogue Comprehension6．Man: I've figured it all out. It looks like it'll take us about 5 hours to drive from here to Chicago．Woman: It'd be more relaxing to take the train. But I guess we should watch our expenses．Question: What does the woman imply?A．She likes to drive when she travels．B．She doesn't want to go to Chicago．C．She doesn't know the cost of the train trip．D．It's cheaper to go to Chicago by car．7．Man: How about the examination last week?Woman: If I'd got more time, I could have made it．Question: What does the woman imply?A．She was asked to take another examination．B．She failed the examination last week．C．She did quite well in the examination．D．She didn't take the examination last week．8．Man: Harvard or the State University, have you decided yet?Woman: Well, I'd rather be a big fish in a small pond．Question: Which university is the woman likely to choose?A．The State University．B．Harvard．C．Neither．D．She hasn't decided yet．9．Man: I've just found a great location to open a new shop．Woman: But you haven't researched the market. Don't you think this is putting the cart before the horse?Question: What does the woman mean?A．The man shouldn't make the decision so quickly．B．It's too risky to choose such a location．C．The man is doing things in the wrong order．D．It's possible for him to make a better choice．10．Woman: My results are a bit flattering because I've had quite a lot of luck．Man: Nonsense, you're head and shoulders above the others in your group．Question: What does the man think is the reason for the woman's success?A．She's really lucky．B．She's far better than the others．C．She's got the others' support．D: She's been working hard．Part ⅡVocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points, 0．5 for each)Section ADirections: In this section there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A. B. C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET．11．Betty was offended because she felt that her friends had ignored her purposefully at the party．A．desperately B．definitelyC．deliberately D．decisively12．There has been enough playing around, so let's get down to business．A．make a deal B．begin our workC．reach an agreement D．change our plan13．How is it possible for our human body to convert yesterday's lunch into today's muscle?A．alter B．developC．modify D．turn14．It is important for families to observe their traditions even as their children get older．A．notice B．watchC．follow D．celebrate15．It is difficult to comprehend．but everything you have ever seen, smelt, heard or felt is merely your brain's interpretation of incoming stimuli．A．explanation B．evaluationC．recognition D．interruption16．Life is more important than the pressures and stresses that we place on ourselves over work and other commitments．A．appointments B．arrangementsC．obligations D．devotions17．If you continue to indulge in computer games like this, your future will be at stake．A．in danger B．without questionC．on guard D．at large18．Romantic novels, as opposed to realistic ones, lend to present idealized versions of life, often with a happy ending．A．in contrast to B．in regard toC．in terms of D．in light of19．Most people would agree that, although our age far surpasses all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no correlative increase in wisdom．A．improves B．precedesC．imposes D．exceeds20．Many students today display a disturbing willingness to choose institutions and careers on the basis of earning potential．A．offensive B．depressiveC．troublesome D．tiresomeSection BDirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET．21．My oldest son had just finished an ________ holiday stay prior to moving to a new state, a new job, and the next chapter in his life．A．enlarged B．expandedC．extended D．increased22．Blacks and American Indians ________ less than 10% of students in the top 30 business schools, while they are about 28% of the U. S. population．A．make up B．take upC．reach out D．turn out23．With demand continuing to rise in ________ economies such as China and India, energy traders believe that oil futures are a good bet．A．employing B．emergingC．embracing D．emitting24．Laws and regulations in each country have to be made ________ the constitution of the country．A．in honor of B．in memory ofC．in return for D．in line with25．The jury's ________ was that the accused was guilty．A．verdict B．sentenceC．trial D．debate26．In English learning, a ________ cycle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded．A．vertical B．viciousC．vivid D．vigorous27．Isn't it ________ when you learn something you've never known before?A．cool B．crazyC．cold D．cute28．There are several factors ________ the rapid growth of sales promotion, particularly in consumer markets．A．resorting to B．appealing toC．applying to D．contributing to29．The Internet has been developing at a speed ________ people's expectations in the past two decades．A．over B．ofC．under D．beyond30．It is obvious that the sports games are no longer amateur affairs; they have become professionally ________ ．A．laid off B．laid outC．put off D．put outPart ⅢReading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 for each)Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 6 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET．Passage OneLoneliness has been linked to depression and other health problems. Now, a study says it can also spread．A friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. And a friend of that friend was 25% more likely to do the same．Earlier findings showed that happiness, fatness and the ability to stop smoking can also grow like infections within social groups. The findings all come from a major health study in the American town of Framingham, Massachusetts．The study began in 1948 to investigate the causes of heart disease. Since then, more tests have been added, including measures of loneliness and depression．The new findings involved more than 5,000 people in the second generation of the Framingham Heart Study. The researchers examined friendship histories and reports of loneliness. The results established a parted that spread as people reported fewer close friends．For example, loneliness can affect relationships between next-door neighbors. The loneliness spreads as neighbors who were close friends now spend less time together. The study also found that loneliness spreads more easily among women than men．Researchers from the University of Chicago, Harvard and the University of California, San Diego, did the study. The findings appeared last month in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology．The average person is said to experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. The study found that having a lonely friend can add about 17 days. But every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about 5%, or two and a half days．Lonely people become less and less trusting of others. This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends-and more likely that society will reject them．John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago led the study. He says it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness. He says people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks．The aim should be to aggressively create what he calls a “protective barrier”against loneliness. This barrier, he says, can keep the whole network from coming apart．31．Besides loneliness, which of the following can also spread among people?A．Friendship．B．Happiness．C．Depression．D．Smoking．32．The Framingham Heart Study starting from 1948 ________ ．A．expanded its research topicsB．involved 5,000 patients of depressionC．identified loneliness as one key factor for heart diseaseD．examined the relationship between loneliness and depression33．Which of the following is true about the spread of loneliness?A．It leads to a gradual loss of friends．B．It is a common phenomenon among women．C．It is often found in the neighborhood．D．It ruins the relationships between close friends．34．Having a lonely friend, you are more likely to ________ ．A．strengthen your friendshipB．develop new friendshipC．increase the sense of lonelinessD．reduce the sense of loneliness35．According to John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago, loneliness can ________ ．A．result in aggressivenessB．cause people to be overprotectiveC．infect social networksD．push people to the verge of poverty36．What is the main idea of the passage?A．Loneliness can spread．B．Loneliness is linked to depression．C．Lonely people tend to grow fat．D．Lonely people need more friends．Passage TwoCalifornia has a new program called the Digital Textbook Initiative．“Starting this fall with high school math and science, we will be the first state in the nation to provide school s with a state-approved list of digital textbooks．”That was Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger in June，talking about his effort to get schools to use materials available free online. He listed reasons why he thinks digital textbooks make sense．California approves traditional textbooks in six-year eyeless. Digital ones can offer the latest information. They lighten the load of school bags. They save paper and trees, and make learning more fun and interactive. And above all, he said, they help schools with their finances．The state has had to make severe cuts in school spending because of deep financial problems. More than six million students attend California public schools．Earlier this year, California invited content developers to offer digital math and science materials for high schools. These had to meet at least 90% of the state's learning requirements. Specially trained teachers examined 16 textbooks and approved ten of them．Six of the ten were published by the CK 12 Foundation, a nonprofit group that had been developing digital science and math books for about two years. The foundation paid teachers and other education professionals to write and edit them. The money came from a group financed by the Khosla Family．California cannot require schools to use the digital textbooks. Individual school districts will have to decide for themselves．Susan Martimo, a California Department of Education official, says she does not expect widespread use right away, Her best guess is that some schools with a lot of technology will be the first to use them, but only in addition to their traditional books．School administrators point out that the texts may be free online, but students need a way to access them. Not everyone has a computer or electronic reader. Schools could print out copies, but that would not help the environment. Also, there is the cost to train teachers to use digital textbooks effectively．37．The Digital Textbook Initiative ________ ．A．will probably take effect in six yearsB．covers all the high school subjectsC．has been approved by all statesD．is advocated by California state governor38．The main reason for promoting digital textbooks is to ________ ．A．help save moneyB．benefit the environmentC．provide interesting materialsD．reduce students' heavy burden39．The digital textbooks were approved by ________ ．A．trained teachers B．content developersC．Khosla Family D．CK 12 Foundation40．What is true of CK 12 Foundation?A．It produced 16 digital textbooks．B．It paid teachers to write digital textbooks．C．It is financed by California state government．D．It makes money through developing digital textbooks．41．According to Susan Martimo, digital textbooks ________ ．A．are not likely to have a widespread useB．will soon replace traditional onesC．will first be adopted by well-equipped schoolsD．are certain to be approved by school districts42．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________ ．A．schools are reluctant to print out copiesB．the use of digital textbooks is not really freeC．students need to pay for computersD．training teachers to use the textbooks is not efficientPassage ThreeDoctors in Britain are warning of an obesity time bomb, when children who are already overweight grow up. So, what should we do? Exercise more? Eat less? Or both? The government feels it has to take responsibility for this expanding problem．The cheerful Mr Pickwick, the hero of the novel by Charles Dickens, is seen in illustrations as someone who is plump(胖乎乎的)—and happy. In 18th century paintings beauty is equated with rounded bodies and soft curves. But nowadays being overweight. is seen as indicating neither a cheerful character nor beauty but an increased risk of heart,disease and stroke．So what do you do? Diet? Not according to England's chief medical officer, Sir Liam Donaldson. He says that physical activity is the key for reducing the risks of obesity, cancer and heart disease. And the Health Secretary John Reid even said that being inactive is as serious a risk factor in heart disease as smoking．So, having bought some cross trainers, how much exercise should you do? According to Sir Liam Donaldson, at least 30 minutes of moderate activity five days a week. Is going to the gym the answer? Luckily for those who find treadmills (跑步机)tedious, the Health Development Agency believes that physical activity that fits into people's lives may be more effective. They suggest taking the stairs rather than the lift, walking up escalators, playing active games with your children, dancing or gardening. And according to a sports psychologist, Professor Biddle, gyms 'are not making the nation fit', and may even cause harm．There's new scientific evidence that too much exercise may actually be bad for you. Scientists at the University of Ulster have found that unaccustomed exercise releases dangerous free radicals that can adversely affect normal function in unfit people. The only people who should push their bodices to that lever of exercise on a regular basis are trained athletes．So, should we forget about gyms and follow some experts' advice to increase exercise in our daily life? After all getting off the bus a stop early and walking the rest of the way can't do any harm! One final thought. How come past generations lacked gym facilities but were leaner and fitter than people today'?43．This passage is mainly about ________ ．A．how to keep fit and avoid fatnessB．increased risks for overweight peopleC．the dangers of exercise in the gymD．the benefit of a balanced diet44．What does “this expanding problem”(Para．1) refer to?A．The slow growing up of overweight children．B．The obesity time bomb warned of by doctors．C．Too little exercise and too much diet．D．Neglect of the health issue by the government．45．Why does the author mention Mr Pick wick in Charles Dickens' novel?A．He was portrayed in an 18th century painting．B．He is the hero of a world famous novel．C．He suffered from heart disease and stroke．D．He is the image of being plump and happy．46．According to Sir Liam Donaldson, what is the best way to avoid obesity?A．Being on diet．B．Giving up smoking．C．Being as inactive as possible．D．Doing physical activities．47．Which of the following is NOT recommended by the Health Development Agency?A．Walking up escalators, dancing or gardening．B．Going to the gym to walk on treadmills．C．Taking the stairs rather than the lift．D．Playing active games with your children．48．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________ ．A．too much exercise may actually be bad for healthB．experts' advice cannot be always followedC．past generations longed for gym facilities we have todayD．moderate daily-life exercise can make us leaner and fitterPassage FourA metaphor is a poetic device that deals with comparison. It compares similar qualities of two dissimilar objects. With a simple metaphor, one object becomes the other: Love is a rose. Although this does not sound like a particularly rich image, a metaphor can communicate so much about a particular image that poets use them more than any other type of figurative language. The reason for this is that poets compose their poetry to express what they are experiencing emotionally at that moment. Consequently, what the poet imagines love to be may or may not be our perception of love. Therefore, the poet's job is to enable us to experience it, to feel it the same way as the poet does．Let's analyze this remarkably unsophisticated metaphor concerning love and the rose to see what it offers. Because the poet uses a comparison with a rose, first we must examine the characteristics of that flower. A rose is spectacular in its beauty, its petals (花瓣) are nicely soft, and its smell is pleasing. It's possible to say that a rose is actually a feast to the senses of sight, touch, and smell. The rose's appearance seems to border on perfection, each petal seemingly symmetrical in form. Isn't this the way one's love should be? A loved one should be a delight to one's senses and seem perfect. However, there is another dimension added to the comparison by using a rose. Roses have thorns. The poet wants to convey the idea that roses can be tricky. So can love, the metaphor tell us. When one reaches out with absolute trust to touch the object of his or her affection, ouch, a thorn can cause great harm! “Be careful,”the metaphor warns: Love is a feast to the senses, but it can overwhelm us, and it can also hurt us and cause acute suffering. This is the poet's perception of love-an admonition(劝诫)．What is the point? Just this: It took almost 14 sentences to clarify what a simple metaphor communicates in only four words! That is the artistry and the joy of the simple metaphor．49．According to the passage, what is a metaphor?A．A comparison between two different objects with similar features．B．A contrast between two different things to create a vivid image．C．A description of two similar objects in a poetic way．D．A literary device specially employed in poetry writing．50．The main idea of this passage is that ________ ．A．rose is a good image in poetryB．love is sweet and pleasingC．metaphor is ambiguousD．metaphor is a great poetic device51．It can be inferred from the passage that a metaphor is ________ ．A．difficult to understand B．rich in meaningC．not precise enough D．like a flower52．As is meant by the author, thorns of a rose ________ ．A．protect the rose from harmB．symbolize reduced loveC．add a new element to the image of loveD．represent objects of one's affection53．The meaning of the love-is-a-rose metaphor is that ________ ．A．love is a true joyB．true love comes once in a lifetimeC．love does not last longD．love is both good and bad experiences54．According to the passage, poetry is intended to ________ ．A．release anger B．entertain the readersC．express poets' ideas D．reward the sensesPassage FiveSome 23 million additional U. S．residents are expected to become more regular users of the U. S．health care system in the next several years, thanks to the passage of health care reform. Digitizing medical data has been promoted as one way to help the already burdened system manage the surge in patients. But putting people's health information in databases and online is going to do more than simply reduce redundancies. It is already shifting the very way we seek and receive health care．“he social dynamics of care are changing,”says John Gomez, vice president of Eclipsys, a medical information technology company. Most patients might not yet be willing to share their latest CT scan images over Facebook, he notes, but many parents post their babies' ultrasound images, and countless patients nowadays use social networking sites to share information about conditions, treatments and doctors．With greater access to individualized health information-whether that is through a formal electronic medical record、 a self-created personal health record or a quick instant-messaging session with a physician-the traditional roles of doctors and patients are undergoing a rapid transition．“For as long as we've known, health care has been 'I go to the physician, and they tell me what to do, and I do it”says Nitu Kashyap. a physician and research fellow at the Yale Center for Medical Informatics. Soon more patients will be arriving at a hospital or doctor's office having reviewed their own record, latest test results and recommended articles about their health concerns. And even more individuals will be able to skip that visit altogether, instead sending a text message or e-mail to their care provider or consulting a personal health record or smart-phone application to answer their questions．These changes will be strengthened by the nationwide shift to electronic medical records, which has already begun. Although the majority of U. S．hospitals and doctors' offices are still struggling to start the changeover, many patients already have electronic medicalrecords-and some even have partial access to them. The My Chart program, in use at Cleveland Clinic, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas and other facilities, is a Web portal (门户) through which patients can see basic medical information as well as some test results．Medical data is getting a new digital life, and it is jump-starting a “fundamental change in how care is provided,”Gomez says．55．Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A．The Future of Your Medical DataB．Challenges Against Doctors and HospitalsC．Benefits of the U. S．Health Care ReformD．How to Access and Share Your Health Information56．Putting patient information in databases and online ________ ．A．enables more Americans to join the health care systemB．contributes to the passage of health care reformC．increases the burden of the U. S．health care systemD．changes how people seek and receive health care57．According to John Gomez, many patients use social networking sites to ________ ．A．change their social interactionsB．post their latest CT scan imagesC．share information about their health careD．show their babies' recent pictures58．Which of the following is NOT changing the traditional roles of doctors and patients?A．A formal electronic medical record．B．An easier access to information online．C．A self-created personal health record．D．A quick instant-messaging session with a doctor．59．According to Nitu Kashyap, more patients in the future will ________ ．A．refuse to follow their doctors' adviceB．be more dependent on their doctorsC．leave out their visit to doctors' offices and hospitalsD．have their health conditions examined through e-mail60．It is stated in the passage that ________ ．A．nationwide digitalization of medical data will begin soonB．most of U. S．hospitals and doctors are against the shiftC．patients are worried about the security of their health informationD．patients are starting to make use of their electronic medical recordsPart ⅣCloze (15 minutes, 15 points, I for each)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D．Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET．Are you single but too busy to search for love? Then you need to try the latest dating phenomenon that is sweeping 61 the UK-speed dating．Speed dating 62 men and women meeting in a room and finding out as much as they can about possible 63 in three minutes. It's proving very 64 with Britain's young people who find that they haven't got the time to meet that special one．At a speed dating event you are given three minutes to talk, 65 , with a member of the opposite sex. Then a bell is 66 and you move to another person and start chatting again. By the end of the evening you will have spoken with up to twenty men or women!If, by the end of a conversation, you 67 the person or would like to see him or her again, you write it 68 on a card．Then, if the other person also fancies you, the organizers will contact you with their details．But is three minutes long enough to make an impression and 69 if you want to see someone again? Research suggests that 70 can be felt within the first thirty seconds of meeting someone, and that is 71 speed dating is all about, knowing quickly if you are going to like someone．And what about romance? Is it possible to make a good 72 in such a short time?73 , people say you can't hurry love. However, Britain will soon have its first marriage from a speed date．So, if you are on a 74 to find Mr. or Miss Right, what have you got to lose? 75 , you still go home on your own. But at best, the person of your dreams could be just three minutes away．61．A．off B．across C．over D．through62．A．requires B. inquires C．revolves D．involves63．A．partners B．spouses C．friends D．counterparts64．A．practical B．popular C．favorable D．normal65．A．all in one B．one after oneC．one on one D．one and all66．A．knocked B．shaken C．swung D．rung67．A．attract B．enjoy C．chase D．fancy68．A．down B．off C．up D．back69．A．work on B．work out C．work at D．work up70．A．emotion B．sentiment C．chemistry D．attachment71．A．how B．what C．all D．where72．A．conclusion B．reflection C．guess D．judgment73．A．In all B．After all C．of all D．And all74．A．tour B．route C．direction D．mission75．A．At last B．At first C．At worst D．At and英语试卷二ENGLISH QUALIFICATION TEST FOR MASTER-DEGREE APPLICANTSPaper Two (60 minutes)Part ⅠTranslation (30 minutes, 20 points)Part ⅡWriting (30 minutes, 15 points)考生须知1．试卷二满分35分。

2010年同等学力人员申请硕士学位教育学学科综合水平全国统一考试试题一、单项选择题（每小题 1.5 分，共30 分）1．人类历史上早出现的专门论述教育问题的著作是（）。

A．《论语》B．《学记》C．《大教学论》D．《普通教育学》2．第一个从理论上系统论述班级授课制的教育家是（）。

A．夸美纽斯B．洛克C．卢梭D．斯宾塞3．着眼于训练心理官能，偏重发展智力的教育理论是（）。

A．传统教育理论B．形式教育理论C．实质教育理论D．现代教育理论4．“教学有法，而无定法”这句话所说明的教师劳动特点是（）。

A．复杂性B．示范性C．创造性D．广延性5．前苏联教育家马卡连柯提出的“平行教育影响”是指（）。

A．言行一致原则B．教育影响的一致性和连贯性原则C．理论联系实际原则D．集体教育原则6．西周时期诸侯所设大学称为（）。

A．辟雍B．泮宫C．东序D．太学7．宋代教育家朱熹的主要著作是（）。

A．《大学》B．《道德经》C．《四书章句集注》D．《春秋繁露》8．中国1922 年颁布的新学制的特点是（）。

A．仿效美国的单轨制B．仿效日本的双轨制C．仿效苏联的混合学制D．仿效德国的双轨制9．美国在19 世纪30 年代掀起了一场公立学校运动，其倡导者是（）。

A．科南特 B 杜威C．克伯屈D．贺拉斯•曼10．倡导现代公民教育和劳作教育的德国教育家是（）。

A．赫尔巴特B．凯兴斯坦纳C．福禄培尔D．费希特11．个体的思维已具有一定的弹性，可以逆转，同时获得长度、体积、重量和面积等方面的守恒。

该个体所处的认知发展阶段是（）。

A．感知运动阶段B．前运算阶段C．具体运算阶段D．形式运算阶段12．最早以动物为实验研究对象，系统地研究动物的学习行为的心理学家是（）。

A．托尔曼B．苛勒C．桑代克D．华生13．莫雷诺首创的用于测量学生的人际关系的方法称为（）。

A．行为评定法B．心理测验法C．自我报告法D．社会测量法14．观察者因看到榜样受到强化而间接受到的强化称为（）。

（3）而对于不能运用“成本－效益分析法”进行评估的政府财政支出项目，可以用最 低费用选择法进行评估分析。此法与“成本－效益分析法”的主要区别，是不用 货币单位来计量备选的财政支出项目的社会效益，只计算每个备选项目的有形成 本，并以成本最低为项目选择的标准。
（4）基本步骤是：①根据政府确定的建设项目，提出多种备选方案；②以货币为统一 尺度，分别计算各备选方案的各种有形成本并加总；③按照各备选方案的总成本 高低排出顺序，提供给决策者选择。
AC = TC ；边际成本是每增加一单位产品所增加的成本量， MC = dTC （3 分）。
Q
dQ
（2）边际成本 MC 的变动规律是：开始时，边际成本 MC 随产量的增加而下降，当产
量增加到一定程度时，就随产量的增加而增加，即边际成本 MC 是一条先下降后
上升的 U 形曲线（1 分）。
（3）如图所示：平均成本 AC 高于平均可变成本 AVC，且相互之间的距离越来越接近。
M m = 。在名义货币量 M 既定的条件下，联立方程：
P
⎧I (r) = S(Y )
⎪ ⎨M
消除利率 r 可求得总需求函数（2 分）。
⎪⎩ P = L1(Y ) + L2 (r)
经济学试卷答案 第 2 页 共 5 页
在新浪微博关注我们 @zzyjs： /zzyjs
济学试卷
。
B．①②③⑤ D．①②③④ 经 第3页共4页
在新浪微博关注我们 @zzyjs： /zzyjs
天津在职研究生网同等学力频道
/
二、名词解释（每小题 3 分，共 12 分） 1．自然失业率 2．科斯定理 3．公共定价法 4．里昂惕夫反论
天津在职研究生网同等学力频道
/
4．从总需求有：Y= C + I + G+ X 从总供给有：Y= C + S + T + M 令 T = G ，变换： C+I+X=C+S+M I+X=S+M 设 dI 为投资增量，dX 为出口增量，dS 为储蓄增量，dM 为进口增量，有： dI + dX = dS + dM 变形后：dI + dX = (dS/ dY + dM/ dY) dY dY = [ 1/（dS/ dY+ dM/ dY）]（dI + dX） 令：dS = dI，则有： dY = [1/（dM/ dY）]dX 【评分说明】回答出总需求和总供给公式给 2 分。回答出 T = G 变换给 1 分。回答 出 dI + dX = dS + dM，给 2 分，其余内容给 3 分。

2010年同等学力人员申请硕士学位学科综合水平全国统一考试法学试卷一、判断题（每小题1分，共8分。

判断下列各命题是否正确，正确的用“A”表示，错误的用“B”表示。

请在答题卡上将正确选项的字母涂黑）1．扩充解释是对法条文字所作的广于立法原意的解释。

解析：B。

本题考查法律解释。

扩充解释，是指对法律规范所作的关于法律条文的字面含义，以充分实现立法原意。

扩充解释的目的是要体现立法原意，突破的只是字面含义，而不是要突破立法原意，因此本题说法错误。

2．由于类推可能造成法律责任的溯及既往，因此我国不允许对法律进行类推适用。

解析：B。

本题考查法律的类推。

类推，是指法律适用机关在处理具体案件或问题时，援引最相类似或基本类同的法律规定，以解决疑难问题的推理。

类推属于实质推理的一种形式。

在刑法领域，基于罪刑法定原则，在法律上是否定刑事审判中的类推的，但类推适用在实际上不可能取消，特别是在民事审判中更是如此。

在法律实践中，出现新奇或棘手案件，此时司法机关不能以“法无明文规定”为由拒绝受理，应当援引最相类似或基本类同的法律规定做出裁决。

因此，我国在刑事诉讼以外的领域并未不允许类推适用。

本题说法错误。

3．任意性规则既规定了主体的法定权利和义务，又允许当事人自行协商确定权利义务。

解析：A。

本题考查任意性规则。

根据法律调整是否允许当事人进行自主调整，即按照自己的意愿自行设定权利和义务，可以把法律规则分为强行性规则和任意性规则。

任意性规则在规定主体权利义务的同时，也允许当事人在法律许可的范围内通过协商自行设定彼此的权利与义务，只有在当事人没有协议的情况下，才适用法律规则的规定。

4．与自然经济和计划经济相比，市场经济更需要法律调控。

解析：A。

本题考查法治与经济。

现代市场经济是法治经济。

从市场经济和法治的产生发展历史来看，二者并蒂连枝，如同孪生。

市场经济的发展孕育了法治的精神和社会基础，法治为市场经济的发展提供了制度保障。

市场经济之下，各类市场主体的活动、各种市场要素的相互作用是纷繁复杂的。

2002 年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题答案与解析Paper One 试卷一（90 minutes ）Part ⅠListening Comprehension （略）Part ⅡV ocabularySection A16. 【正确答案】D【句子翻译】我想借此机会向主办方表达我衷心的感谢。

【考点类型】动宾搭配【考点剖析】increase “增加”；prolong “延长，拖延”；intensify “强化”；express “表达，表示”。

express one ’s heart-felt gratitude to sb. “向某人表示衷心的感谢”。

extend “延伸，给予”。

17. 【正确答案】B【句子翻译】现在，大部分中国农民依然过着简朴、节约的生活。

【考点类型】语义场共现【考点剖析】miserable “痛苦的，悲惨的”；economical “节约的，经济的”；luxurious “奢侈的，豪华的”；sensible “明智的”。

thrifty 和simple 是并列关系，含义应当相近，由此推断出thrifty 表示“节约的”。

18. 【正确答案】D【句子翻译】很多当地居民为躲避洪水离开了家园。

【考点类型】语义场共现【考点剖析】overcome “战胜，克服”；enclose “装入，围绕”；encounter “遭遇”；avoid “避免，消除”。

根据语境可以推断人们是为了躲避洪水的威胁才离开家园。

19. 【正确答案】C【句子翻译】州议会将颁布新的规章，该规章旨在使管理模式与国际公认的惯例一致。

【考点类型】语义场共现【考点剖析】conference “会议，讨论会”；conversation “会话，交谈”；practice “实践，练习，惯例”；formation “构成，编队”。

根据句中的信息，new rules 与internationally accepted conventions 前后照应，可以推断convention 表示“协定，惯例”。

2010年同等学力（工商管理）学科综合水平真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 多项选择题 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题 5. 论述题6. 案例分析单项选择题1．非正式组织是指( )。

A．正规组织之外的其他组织B．人们自发形成的各种组织C．非法组织D．人与人之间自发结合而成的类型化心理状态正确答案：D解析：非正式组织，是两个或两个以上个人的无意识的体系化、类型化了的多种心理因素的系统。

2．针对那些新颖、例外的问题所做出的决策是指( )。

A．程序化决策B．非程序化决策C．理性决策D．满意决策正确答案：B解析：处理例行问题的决策通常称为程序化决策，处理例外问题的决策通常称为非程序化决策。

3．正在成熟的行业具有的特点是( )。

A．高速增长导致竞争加剧B．企业间的兼并和收购减少C．加速增加生产能力D．注重成本和服务上的竞争正确答案：D解析：成熟的行业具有的特点是：(1)低速增长导致竞争加剧；(2)注重成本和服务上的竞争；(3)裁减过剩的生产能力；(4)研究开发、生产、营销发生变化；(5)行业竞争趋向国际化；(6)企业间的兼并和收购增多。

4．以下属于纵向并购优点的是( )。

A．并购竞争对手，获得现成的生产线，迅速扩大生产能力，实现规模经济B．利用规模经济降低成本C．降低企业交易成本D．有利多元化经营，可以降低单一行业经营风险正确答案：C解析：纵向并购是指生产过程或经营环节相互衔接、密切联系的企业之间，或者具有纵向协作关系的专业化企业之间的并购。

纵向并购的企业之间不是直接的竞争关系，而是供应商和需求商之间的关系。

优点：通过市场交易行为内部化，有助于减少市场风险，节省交易费用，同时易于设置进入壁垒。

5．百科全书属于( )。

A．选购品B．便利品C．非渴求商品D．特殊品正确答案：C解析：根据消费者的购物习惯分类，产品可分为便利品、选购品、特殊品和非渴求物品四类。

(1)便利品，指消费者购买频繁，希望一有需要即可买到，并且只花最少精力和最少时间去比较品牌、价格的消费品。

2002年同等学力（工商管理）学科综合水平真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 多项选择题 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题 5. 论述题6. 案例分析单项选择题1．无意识地体系化、类型化形成的多种心理因素的系统是指( )。

A．正式组织B．非正式组织C．组织结构D．组织流程正确答案：B解析：A．正式组织是由两个或两个以上的人有意识地加以协调的行为或力的系统。

B．非正式组织，是两个或两个以上的人无意识地体系化、类型化了的多种心理因素的系统。

C．组织结构是指组织内部分工协作的基本形式或框架。

D．组织流程是指完成一项任务、一个事件或一项活动的全过程，这一全过程由一系列工作环节或步骤组成，相互之间有先后的顺序，有一定的指向。

2．具有双道命令系统的组织结构形式是指( )。

A．直线制B．直线职能制C．事业部制D．矩阵制正确答案：D解析：A．直线制，是最简单的集权式组织结构形式，又称军队式结构，领导关系按垂直系统建立。

B．直线职能制，是厂长经理对业务职能部门实行垂直领导的组织结构形式，职能部门的作用是参谋和助手。

C．事业部制的特征：集中决策、分散经营；独立核算、自负盈亏；经营权力下放，增强主动性、创造性，提高企业适应能力。

D．矩阵制，是由横纵两个管理系列交叉组成的组织结构形式，有双道命令系统。

这种组织结构的优点是：及时沟通、降低成本、组建方便、及时化解矛盾。

3．从战略要素的角度看，资源配置和( )通常是经营单位战略中最重要的组成部分。

A．协同作用B．竞争优势C．经营范围D．规模经济正确答案：B解析：A．协同作用是指企业从资源配置和经营范围的决策中所能寻求到的各种共同努力的效果。

也就是说，分力之和大于各分力简单相加的结果。

在企业管理中，企业总体资源的收益要大于各部分资源收益的和。

B．竞争优势是指企业通过其资源配置的模式与经营范围的决策，在市场上所形成的与其竞争对手不同的竞争地位。

竞争优势既可以来自企业在产品和市场上的地位，也可以来自企业对特殊资源的正确运用。

2002年同等学力经济学真题及参考答案2002年同等学历全国统考经济学试题天津财经大学在职研究生一、名词解释(每题4分，共20分)1．资本的边际替代率。

2．税收转嫁。

3．财政赤字。

4．资产证券化。

5．联系汇率。

二、简答题(每题8分，共40分)1．法人资产制度的基本特征。

2．衍生金融产品的种类。

3．我国货币供给的内生性。

4．我国积极财政政策的目标。

5．什么是幼稚产业(H―B―K标准)?三、论述题(每题20分，其40分)1．试论我国经济政策手段的选择。

2．从价格和产量两方面讨论垄断市场和竞争市场的效率，以下例为例说明，垄断者需求函数为Q=100―2P，AC=MC=10，比较垄断行为和竞争行为哪个更有效率?2002年同等学力全国统考经济学真题参考答案及解析一、名词解释1．资本的边际替代率：假设社会上有两种生产要素资本和劳动，生产同一种产品一单位资本所替代劳动的数量称为资本的边际替代率。

2．税收转嫁：是指商品交换过程中，纳税人通过提高销售价格或压低购进价格的办法，将税负转移给购买者或供应者的一种经济现象。

3．财政赤字：是指在某一财政年度，计划的财政收支是平衡的，而在预算执行过程中，由于主客观不可预测性因素的影响，致使决算出现支出大于收入差额。

这个概念强调的是预算的执行结果，说明的是一种事实。

4．资产证券化：是指将已存在的信贷资产集中起来并重新分割为证券进而转卖给市场上的投资者，从而使此项资产在原持有者的资产负债表上消失。

作为直接信贷资产的主要持有者，商业银行和储蓄贷款机构最适于开展此类业务。

资产证券化的本质含义是，将贷款或应收账款转换为可转换工具的过程。

5．联系汇率：又称钉住汇率，属于国际金融中汇率决定的一种做法，即将本国货币与(钉住)某单一国家的贷币建立某种联系来确定自己货币的汇率，实际汇率围绕着它根据供求产生一定幅度内的浮动。

某些发展中国家便实行这种汇率。

二、简答题1．法人资产制度的基本特征。