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考研英语强化翻译——第一讲一、考研翻译的重要性略二、翻译的课程安排。
总共5次课，每次课2.5个小时，总共12.5小时，每2.5小时休息十分钟完成事情：1、基础知识2、所有问题用什么资料来复习考研翻译，怎么复习考研翻译考研翻译画线句子里面代词不要翻译my不要翻译出来。
例：I put my hand into my pocket. m y画线句子里面人名、地名、大写的国家名称要不要要翻译。
3、讲义中的真题讲解从96年讲到05年，不讲06-09年的题（它们与近些年的题难度相当），留在考前20天再做。
三、考研翻译的题型什么是考研翻译的所有问题？1、弄清什么是考研翻译考研翻译的题型分两个方面说：大的方面和小的方面大的方面——主观题a. 什么是主观题？用笔写汉字，不要抄英语b. 书写工整小的方面——阅读理解试卷共三道大题：1、完型填空但不要先做完型填空，不一定按照试卷顺序做2、阅读理解1）大阅读，一长篇文章共40分2）新题型，7选5 3）翻译题型要求Part C: Translation Directions: Please read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. 在翻译划线的五句话之前，没有没必有通读全文？不用读文章，直奔主题划线句子3、写作命题原则评分标准2、怎么做考研翻译四、考研翻译的命题原则■翻译命题原则（1）所选择的题材偏向专业领域的学术文献例如：09年考的是教育学（education ）出处：杜威《Democracy and Education 》 发表于1916年04年考的沃尔夫的预言假说年考的沃尔夫的预言假说03年考的人类学、关于人、关于社会、关于文化定义之类的文章年考的人类学、关于人、关于社会、关于文化定义之类的文章96年——社会发展的区别年——社会发展的区别97年——动物的权利保护年——动物的权利保护98年——天体物理学中的大爆炸理论年——天体物理学中的大爆炸理论99年——历史研究的方法轮年——历史研究的方法轮00年——政府的宏观调控年——政府的宏观调控01年——人工智能的发展年——人工智能的发展02年——行为科学年——行为科学03年——人类学年——人类学04年——语言学年——语言学05年——传媒领域年——传媒领域06年——美国知识分子的作用年——美国知识分子的作用07年——法学在新闻报道中的作用年——法学在新闻报道中的作用08年——达尔文的思想及其变化年——达尔文的思想及其变化09年——教育学年——教育学（2）所选择的话题偏向文科等社会科学领域）所选择的话题偏向文科等社会科学领域考研翻译的话题有没有重复考过？考研翻译的话题有没有重复考过？ 没有没有如：考古学、建筑学、精神病学如：考古学、建筑学、精神病学（3）所选择的划线句总是长难句（平均长度为30个单词左右，多数为35个以上，最长的为58个词）个词）■ 评分标准考研英语强化翻译——第二讲一、考研英语的评分标准评分标准就是翻译的标准。
2015考研词汇速成spectacular a.壮观的n.惊人之举第一部分身体部位及人物关系spectator n.观众，旁观者(一)眼speculate vi.推测2.投机vt.推测spec, spect, spic, spisef speculation n.思索，做投机买卖respect speculative a.思索的，推测的respectable adj.值得尊敬的aspect n. 1.方面2.方向3.面貌，外观Tommasi ni regards Gilbert as an artist who is C spectrum n .1.光谱2.范围，幅度A. in flue ntialB. modestC. respectableD. tale nted (2011. Text 1-22) vid,vis，看见respectful a.恭敬的，尊敬的video n.录相带a.视频的disrespectful a.无礼的view n. 1.看法2.景色vt.看待respective a.各自的viewpoi nt n.观点respectively ad.各自地visitor n.参观者，访问者，来客retrospect n.回顾，追溯vt.回顾，追忆vi.回evide nt a.明显的，明白的顾，追溯，回想review n./vt. 1.审查2.复习3.评论4.检….raising a child can bring happ in ess in 阅retrospect …..(2011 text 4) visibleprospect n.前途；预期vt.(for)勘探，勘察in visible 看不见的，无形的The prospect seems remote. (2010. Text 1). visulize 使可视化，使具体化，使形象化prospective a.预期的，未来的visual 视力的expect visit 参观expectati on n.期待；预期；指望visio n n.视力，洞察力；想象力，幻觉。
【2015考研英语】语法完整讲义第一部分：考研语法导学一、考研语法考什么？二、考研语法讲解（预告篇）(一) 句子的结构(二) 句子的省略——非谓语动词(三) 句子的补充三、考研真题应用（预告篇）第二部分：考研语法讲解一、句子的结构(一) 简单句1. 简单句的构成：一主一谓2. 简单句的分类：谓语动词的分类3. 简单句的变化：谓语动词的时态／语态／情态(二) 并列句(三) 复合句复合句1 ——名词性从句1. 宾语从句2. 表语从句3. 主语从句4. 同位语从句复合句2 ——定语从句复合句3 ——状语从句二、句子的省略——非谓语动词三、句子的补充(一) 成分的补充：定语／状语／同位语(二) 句式的补充：倒装／强调(三) 考点的补充：it／as第三部分：考研真题应用一、读句子(一) 基本结构的长难句分析(二) 特殊结构的长难句分析1. 分裂结构2. 嵌套结构3. 平行结构4. 省略结构二、写句子第一部分：考研语法导学一、考研语法考什么？二、考研语法讲解（预告篇）(一) 句子的结构1. 一个句子（一件事）——简单句(1) 最核心的简单句：N. + V.(2) 简单句的变化：例如：句子连接的核心？例：We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. (2010 年阅读Text 1)(二) 句子的省略——非谓语动词He is lying in bed, while he is reading a book.He is lying in bed, a book.A woman who was wearing a black coat asked me the way to the nearest hospital.A woman a black coat asked me the way to the nearest hospital.例：Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. (2011 年阅读Text 3)(三) 句子的补充1. 成分的补充例：The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the suddenannouncement of his appointment in 2009. (2011 年阅读Text 1)请划出补充的成分：例：One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. (2010 年翻译)例：Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. (2008 年翻译)2. 句式的补充：倒装／强调3. 考点的补充：it / as三、考研真题应用（预告篇）1. 读句子（完形＋阅读）2. 写句子（写作）：写的对／写的好根据讲解，在下面的例句上划出分析的部分：例：The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. (2011 年阅读Text 3)例：While traditional “paid”media – such as television commercials and print advertisements –still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. (2011 年阅读Text 3)例：... what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence.” (1992 年翻译)例：It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. (2010 年翻译)例：Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. (2008 年翻译)第二部分：考研语法讲解一、句子的结构(一) 简单句1. 简单句的构成：N. + V.（一主一谓）简单句的核心部分？2. 简单句的分类：取决于的分类简单句的分类练习：1)Yesterday morning I went to the church.2)Most boys in my class liked playing football.3)Some schools give their students a long summer vacation.4)Watching fun movies allows me to take a break from my busy routine.5)Computers have become very useful tools in modern life.简单句的分类真题应用：例：On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. (2008 年翻译)例：Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. (2006 年阅读Text 3)3. 简单句的变化主要研究谓语动词的变化：时态／语态／情态(1) 谓语动词－时态的变化考研中最常用的时态：特别注意：1) 现在完成时He has left.We have studied English for ten years.They have tried to help him hundreds of times.例：The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low. (2006 年阅读Text 2)例：The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. (2006 年阅读Text 3)例：The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. (2011 年阅读Text 1)2) 过去完成时vs. 一般过去时例：Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in twoor three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirtyyears. (2008 年翻译)3)现在完成进行时（have/has been doing）例：The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s email. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. (2003 年阅读Text 1)4)过去将来时(would do ; was/were going to do)(2) 谓语动词－语态的变化：被动语态1) 被动语态跟时态相结合be + done例：The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. (2007 年翻译)例：It has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough.(2005 年完形填空)2) 被动语态跟情态动词相结合例：It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive. (2009 年翻译)(3) 谓语动词情态的变化例：In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. (2011 年阅读Text 3)例：Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping, baby-size holes in their lives. (2011 年阅读Text 4)注意：掌握谓语动词的时态／语态／情态的变化，是为了帮助大家更加准确的定位谓语动词（谓语动词不一定是一个单词，有可能是几个单词构成），进而看懂句子。
2015考研英语暑期翻译讲义第一章考研翻译基础知识翻译的定义考研翻译简介翻译的步骤与思路翻译分拆原则第二章翻译技巧：词法翻译法词义选择和词义引申词性转换增词法省略法第三章翻译技巧：句法翻译法名词性从句的翻译定语从句的翻译状语从句的翻译被动结构的翻译否定结构的翻译比较结构的翻译七强调结构的翻译八插入结构的翻译第四章翻译练习：长难句切分直译解析第一章翻译基础知识一、翻译的定义翻译是一门语言的艺术，是语言之间的转换，是在准确理解的基础上用译语来忠实的表达原语的意思二、考研翻译简介（一）考研翻译考查内容和形式根据全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲规定，考研翻译“主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的能力。
要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分（约150词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
”以2014年考研翻译题为例，考生在试卷上阅读的是一篇完整的文章，翻译的是5个划线部分。
如：Part C:TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.(10Points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life.It might be poetic,philosophical,sensual,or mathematical,but in any case it must, in my view,have something to do with the soul of the human being.Hence it is metaphysical;but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical:sound.I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words,all we can do is articulate our reactions to it,and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions.He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure.Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity.The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected,as in the last piano sonata.In musical expression,he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention.47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person,and a courageous one,and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding,let alone the performance,of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music.His compositions demand the performer to show courage,for example in the use of dynamics.48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word.He was not interested in daily politics,but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.49)Especially significant was his view of freedom,which,for him,was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual:he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence.For him,order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence;order is a necessary development,an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation.It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony,but the second,so that suffering does not have the last word.50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable,but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.（二）考研翻译的评分标准根据大纲规定，考研翻译的评分标准如下：5个小题，每题2分，共10分。
Although not so world widely accepted, people who are emotionally weak in daily business are often losers who are not able to fulfill any fruitful achievements in their lifetime that they endure.Science developed as an autonomous method of intellectual inquiry that successfully disengaged itself from the social constrains of organized religion and from the political constrains of the centralized modern authority.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.Private businessmen. striving to make profits, produce these goods andservices in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced.Under a system deployed on the white house website for the first time at last time, those who want to send a message to President Bush must now navigate as many as nine web pages and fill out a detailed form that starts by asking whether the sender of the message supports the white house policy or differs with it.These comments, whether accepted, clarified the norms and requirements of the covenant which was already in power in practice and enabled the committee to make a significant contribution to the justice promotion in a particular right or issue, while other article has failed to function as has been expected in those meetings which was held with great hope.The American economic system is organized around a basicallyprivate-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind and it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.Science moves forward，they say，not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.In short，a leader of the new school contends，the scientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.Over the years，tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.Under modern conditions，this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century，whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with across-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”Being interested in the relationship of the language and thought，Whorf developed the idea that the structure of the language determines the structure of habitual thought in a societyWhorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest from，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the culture of a societyI shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems .Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ; but this effect is not a part of its original motive。
Born to wins2015年考研英语（一）大纲解析之翻译篇2015年英语一大纲解析基本没有变化，所以考生可以继续按部就班的复习，以下提出在翻译时需要注意的几个问题。
首先我们要明确为何考翻译。
有同学认为它是英语的一部分，所以得考。
其实不全是这样的。
考翻译是为了你们上研究生以后准备的，研究生肯定要撰写文章，研究出一些成果，在研究的过程中肯定要了解前人在这个领域里做了什么，所以肯定会看到什么外文期刊论文之类的文章。
我们现在所学的这个翻译就是为你以后能看懂期刊论文做准备的。
学好了翻译，不仅能让你能过考试这关，同时也为你以后研究生学习做准备。
想清楚这件事，就可以摆正心态对待翻译了。
翻译作为阅读理解的一部分，实际上考察了学生联系上下文理解句子的能力，但很多学生反映在考上上没有时间阅读整篇文章。
但是没有上下文的支撑，单独翻译句子就会晦涩难懂。
因此考生可以在练习翻译时掌握快速抓住文章主题的能力，关注文章的第一句以及首段首句。
因为英文的行文方式一般先表明观点，然后再加以论证，所以只看首段首句不仅可以节约阅读时间，而且还可以基本掌握文意，使考生在做题时有了一定的背景，这样做起题来就相对容易一些。
同时我们在学习翻译的过程中，也在学习语法，学习长难句分析，也会碰到不熟悉的词汇，不管是阅读、完型、还是作文，都是英语的一部分，他们都是相通的，学习了一门，对其它几个题型也是有提高的。
有人认为做翻译的很慢，其实技巧多加练习很快就能掌握、应用。
最有可能减慢你速度的不是翻译的这些技巧，而是你对有些单词根本就不熟悉，词组搭配也分不清。
这些就需要你在课下的时候，或者在上阅读课，完型课的时候积累的词汇、短语、句型，反复熟悉，直到你一看到它们就像看到高中时期学过的单词一样，看一样就知道是什么意思了。
那么在翻译中出现的生词、词组我们同样也边做边总结。
毕竟出现生僻的单词还是少数。
积累越多，生词越少，翻译起来才不会让生词成为绊脚石。
帮学堂课程配套讲义《英语一翻译》课程配套讲义是学习的必备资源，帮帮为大家精心整理了高质量的配套讲义，确保同学们学习的方便与高效。
该讲义是帮帮结合大纲考点及考研辅导名师多年辅导经验的基础上科学整理的。
内容涵盖考研的核心考点、复习重点、难点。
结构明了、脉络清晰，并针对不同考点、重点、难点做了不同颜色及字体的标注，以便同学们复习时可以快速投入、高效提升。
除课程配套讲义外，帮帮还从学习最贴切的需求出发，为大家提供以下服务，打造最科学、最高效、最自由的学习平台：服务项目服务内容名师高清视频课零距离跟名师学习，精讲考点，突出重点，拿下难点，掌握方法习题+月考+模考精选配套习题，灵活自测，查缺补漏，时时提升真题视频解析精选整理了近十几年的真题+答案，视频详解近五年真题复习规划指导名师零距离直播/录播指导全程考研复习规划24小时内答疑24小时内详尽解答您复习中的疑点难点，确保学习无阻碍把青春托付给值得信任的平台！祝：复习愉快，天天高效，考研成功！PS:讲义中的不足之处，欢迎各位研研批评指正，我们将竭尽所能追求更好!目录第一章翻译公式与理论基础 (1)第一节机械化翻译公式的介绍 (1)第二章排序规则-倒序及应用 (4)第一节排序规则—倒序 (4)第二节主干的定位 (6)第三节倒序的练习 (8)第三章排序规则-并列不变序 (10)第一节并列不变序 (10)第四章理想照进现实-“蛋”理论 (13)第一节理想照进现实1-双黄蛋 (13)第二节理想照进现实2-单黄蛋 (15)第五章公式的深度运行 (18)第一节公式的深度运行-主语（宾语）从句 (18)第二节公式的深度运行-同位语从句 (20)第三节公式的深度运行-强调句和名词性从句的区别 (21)第四节公式的深度运行-词同位语 (23)第六章刷题练习 (26)练习1 (26)练习2 (28)第一章翻译公式与理论基础第一节机械化翻译公式的介绍1.公式逻辑推理过程机械化翻译公式逻辑推理过程如下：一、根据基本的数学知识，我们可以把两种语言看做是两个集合。
2015年考研英语真题解答之翻译What a simple cognitive bias teaches about how to live our lives.Here’s a common experience for motorists: you are driving somewhere new and you’re late.As you drive down unfamiliar roads it seems that everything is conspiring against you: other cars, the road-layout, the traffic lights and even suicidal cyclists. You know it’s only a few more miles, but it seems to be taking for-e-e-e-e-e-ever.Psychologically there are all sorts of things going on to make the journey seem longer than it really is, but let’s just isolate one of those: the unfamiliarity of the route.Unknown routes peak our curiosity; they are filled with new names, landscapes and landmarks, all of which attract the interest. The fact that our attention is engaged with all this newness has a subtle effect on how much time we think has passed.To see why, let’s take the opposite perspective for a moment.Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home.Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual (真题中改写为lose concentration on the)driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The corollary is that unfamiliar routes seem to take longer.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly.And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was proportionately shorter.虽然有突破口、也有规律可循，但这并不意味着我们可以一劳永逸、高枕无忧，要知道，想要精通世界上任何一门语言，除非有天生的语言天分，否则偷不得半分懒，只能勤勤恳恳反复练习。
2015考研英语（二）深度解析——翻译总体而言，2015年考研英语(二)难度下降。
相比2014年的翻译(乐观主义)，15年的翻译部分也比较简单，理解上没有什么难度。
下面，凯程考研英语研究院对其进行深度解析：一、真题来源：15年的真题来源于国外一个著名的心理学网站(/2013/06/the-well-travelled-road-effect-why-familiar-routes-fly-by.php)，是“熟悉旅行路线效应”，旨在用生活中一个简单的道理，告诉人们生活的态度。
二、整体分析：整个文章156词，共10句话，比较稳定，没有超出以往的难度。
唯一有一点变化的是，文章中心词的提出方式。
往年的真题中，中心词都是在文章首句中提出来，15年真题是通过论据总结出中心词。
从理解的思路上来说，这种方式对于中心词的理解更为容易。
中心词是第二段的“well-travelled road effect”，这个词既总结第一段，又引出第三段的论述。
三、逐句详解：1) Think about driving a route that’s very familiar.难度解析：这句话比较简单，包含一个定语从句that’s very familiar，修饰route。
但是翻译起来并不简单，原因在于这是文章的首句，如何翻译基于对文章中心的正确理解。
这里实际上指的是一种经历——驾车的经历，如果不是发生过的事情的话，根本没有办法设身处地的想象这种效应。
参考译文：回想一下这样的经历：开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的道路上。
译文解析：用“这样的”和冒号引出经历，可以避免定语太长的头重脚轻现象。
2) It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home.难度解析：这句话是简单句，it是代词，指代第1句提到的route;could表示推测;commute 在此用作名词，意为“上下班”。
1考研英语一完型填空讲义——文都网校谭剑波1. 考研完型什么时候做？（考研整体做题顺序是什么？）2. 考研完型重要吗？3. 完型考什么：4. 考研完型的趋势： 1) 单词难度增加 2) 单词趋向考察偏生意思 例1：charge v. 例2：accommodate v. 例3：share the idea…5. 考研完型考多少分合适？ 考研完型究竟能否突破？6. 考研完型实用解题法第一招：原词复现Comparison were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much happened 21 . As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that...（考研真题） 21. A. between B. before C. since D. later第二招：同义替换（同义复现）Most of them are not serious; fainting and dizziness are the most frequent complaints. *同义替换还经常出现在主系表结构当中。
Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition.（考研真题） 23. A. careB. nutritionC. exerciseD. leisureAs was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 ofthe periodical. （考研真题）23. A. means B. method C. medium D. measure24. A. process B. company C. light D. form第三招：反义替换（反义复现）空的前后出现相反的内容:前后为反义替换。
第一次课·定语从句翻译1、限制性定语从句强调的是从句，在翻译时可译为“········的”，而非限定性定语从句强调的是主句，因此按主句翻译，插入语可以先忽略。
2、划分意群：即把句子划分成几个板块，分别翻译再进行整合。
划分主句，找出主句的主语谓语宾语根据关系词划分相关从句：which/that/who/where/when/why/whose根据作为修饰语成分的各种插入语划分句子：状语从句（with、on、in、at、of、to）根据作为修饰语成分的分词划分句子：过去分词、现在分词根据连词划分句子：and、but、or、yet、for、when、as、since、until、before、after、where、because、though、although、so that根据标点符号划分句子：分号、冒号、逗号3、汉英不同原则英语定语多在后，汉语定语多在前英语多代词，汉语多名词，翻译时把代词还原成名词英语多被动，汉语多主动，翻译时把英语中的被动转化成汉语中主动的口吻英语状语多在后，汉语状语多在前英语复数名词译成汉语后要加上量词4、代词的处理方式代词可省去不译、直接翻译代词、重复代词所指的对象，明确译出代词所指的名词5、前置法：译为“········的”，放在被修饰的名词的前面，适用于限定性定语从句。
6、拆句法：当定语从句太长，可将定语从句单独翻译，按顺序翻译，适用于非限定性定语从句。
注意：可以省略先行词也可以重复先行词，尤其在先行词复杂的情况下用代词指代先行词。
第二次课·其他句型一、倒装句可以先还原成正常的语序再进行翻译二、宾语从句1、以that、what、how、when、which、why、whether和if 为引导词的宾语从句按照顺序直接翻译。
