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区块链技术安全白皮书1目录 contents一 、 简述 ................................................................2二、 基础网络安全风险 ....................................................332.1数据层：信息攻击与加密算法攻击 ..............................................32.2网络层：节点传播与验证机制风险 ..............................................2.3解决方案与建议...............................................................4三、 平台层安全风险 .....................................................53.1共识层：常见共识机制安全性对比 ..............................................553.2激励层：发行与分配机制风险 ...................................................63.3合约层相关安全风险 ..........................................................63.4解决方案与建议...............................................................四、 应用层安全风险 .....................................................774.1 节点常见安全问题 ..............................................................4.2 加密资产钱包安全性对比 .......................................................9114.3 加密资产交易平台常见安全问题 ..................................................五 、 小结 ................................................................13一、 简述区块链技术目前的发展方兴未艾，大多的技术和应用处于试验阶段，目前发生的安全事件多集中出现于加密资产相关领域，给用户造成了较大的经济损失，其安全问题日益受到行业关注。
区块链技术白皮书分布式账本智能合约和去中心化应用开发1. 引言区块链技术随着比特币的发展而逐渐为人们所了解，这项技术具有分布式账本、智能合约和去中心化应用开发等特点，极大地改变了传统的中心化交易模式。
本白皮书旨在深入介绍区块链技术中的分布式账本、智能合约以及去中心化应用开发等关键概念和原理。
2. 分布式账本2.1 概述分布式账本是区块链技术的核心概念之一，它使用点对点网络，将交易记录以区块的形式链式连接起来，并经过加密和验证确认，从而实现交易的透明、可追溯和安全的特性。
2.2 工作原理分布式账本通过共识算法确保节点间的数据一致性，在区块链网络中，每个节点都保存了完整的账本副本，并使用加密算法对交易进行验证和记录。
一旦交易得到验证并被打包成区块，便会广播到所有节点中，同时进行共识验证，确保大部分节点认可并接受该区块，最后被添加进整个区块链中。
3. 智能合约3.1 定义智能合约是基于区块链技术的可编程合约，它能够自动执行、验证和执行合约的交易，并在特定条件满足时自动触发相应的操作。
智能合约主要由代码和数据组成，可以实现去中心化的合约执行。
3.2 实现原理智能合约使用区块链的分布式账本作为存储和执行环境，以及节点的计算能力作为合约执行的基础。
通过使用一种特定的编程语言和编译器，将合约代码转化为字节码，并通过区块链网络进行部署和执行。
当满足合约条件时，智能合约可以自动触发事务的执行。
4. 去中心化应用开发4.1 概述去中心化应用（DApp）是一种基于区块链技术的应用程序，它不依赖于中心化的服务器，而是通过区块链网络中的节点来实现数据存储和交互。
DApp具有去中心化、透明、安全和可靠等特点。
4.2 开发框架为了实现去中心化应用，需要使用特定的开发框架。
目前比较流行的DApp开发框架包括以太坊、EOS等。
这些框架提供了一系列的API 和工具，用于开发智能合约和基于区块链的应用程序。
4.3 开发流程去中心化应用的开发流程包括需求分析、智能合约编写、前端界面设计和测试等步骤。
京东区块链技术白皮书 The document was finally revised on 2021序区块链技术推动价值大数据的高效、可信流动“技术引领，正道成功”！这是京东集团董事局主席刘强东先生在 2017 年 618 购物节期间，对外界正式发布的京东未来发展战略。
在过去的十四年中，京东用了很长的时间证明自己是一家成功的零售公司；现在，京东正在用实践证明自己也是一家领先的技术公司。
京东集团正在全面迈向技术转型，引领第四次零售革命的全面升级。
京东对于技术领域的投入，尤其是针对 AI（人工智能），Big Data（大数据），Cloud（云计算）等新兴领域的投入，加速了京东向全社会提供“零售即服务‘Retail as a Service, RaaS’”的零售基础设施服务的步伐。
区块链作为分布式数据存储、点对点传输、共识机制、加密算法等技术的集成应用，在京东所在的零售领域有着非常多的结合场景。
尤其是其去中心化以及新型信用体系的建立方式，对于京东在技术转型方面的战略愿景，以及在消费者心中长期所建立起来的正道形象非常匹配。
目前，区块链的发展势头，将在技术领域成为云计算、大数据、及人工智能之后，并列于移动互联网从中心到边缘、5G 物联网等新一代信息技术，共同引发并推动新一轮的技术创新和产业变革。
为推动区块链技术的发展和京东集团各种业务场景的结合，运用区块链技术推动价值大数据的记录、流动和交换，京东集团联合了内部各职能、技术、及业务体系，开展区块链技术和应用发展趋势专题研究，编撰形成了《京东区块链技术白皮书（2018）》。
白皮书总结了区块链核心关键技术在京东集团的发展现状和方向，分享了京东集团各个业务落地实践的典型应用案例，为业界区块链技术发展路线图和标准化路线图提出了相关建议。
白皮书内容详实、分析透彻，落地场景扎实，具有相当好的参考价值。
在发布白皮书的同时，我们期待与业界有识之士共同努力，积极把握区块链发展趋势和规律，营造良好正道的技术发展环境，加速推动区块链技术的发展和各种应用场景的落地结合。
目录总体描述 (3)项目概述 (4)万维链的应用场景 (6)关于我们 (8)众筹 (10)路线图 (10)团队 (12)顾问 (16)总体描述万维链旨在建立数字资产的超级金融市场，万维链本身是一个连接不同数字资产的基础设施，利用这个基础设施，不同的数字资产金融业务可以以分布式的方式开展，最终形成不同业务提供商、不同应用开发者、不同需求客户共同构成的金融市场。
世界上有25亿人无法使用银行，他们开不了储蓄账户，无法获得信用卡，这些无银行账户的人与全球经济隔离；能够通过银行进行跨国汇款的用户也必须承担高昂的手续费；普通投资者只能在银行等金融机构购买收益相对较低的理财产品，却无法在未上市前参与诸如谷歌、阿里巴巴这样的科技公司的早期投资；大量的中小企业即使信用优良，业绩突出，由于不属于传统银行的80/20法则下的目标客户，很难从银行获得贷款支持。
“现实是历史的一个进程”，区块链技术的出现正在改变上述局面。
在委内瑞拉货币贬值时，比特币成为抢手的避险资产。
诸如菲律宾等，在外国打工的劳动者通过区块链网络将收入汇至银行设施薄弱的国内家乡。
通过ICO形式参与以太坊等著名区块链项目初始投资的投资者获得了成百倍的投资回报。
区块链技术正在将普惠金融推向一个全新的高度。
万维链加入这个进程并提供一个完全基于分布式网络和密码学的基础设施，简而言之我们需要用区块链的方式解决不同区块链上资产的流转问题，而非中心化的方式。
万维链的服务目标是那些希望以更开放、安全的方式提供数字资产金融服务的人们，和使用它们服务的客户。
通过万维链，任何机构和个人，都可以在万维链中开设自己的业务窗口、以分布式方式提供基于数字资产的存贷、兑换、支付、交易、投资等服务。
通过万维链提供的基于区块链的基础设施的保障，更多人能够享受更加丰富的基于数字资产的金融服务，更多人能够更好的控制自己的资产以及拥有更多让资产增值的手段。
最终形成的万维链生态是一个基于区块链的分布式超级金融市场。
苏宁区块链白皮书i•序一零售业是人类最古老的商业，苏宁控股董事长张近东提出“智慧零售”时，零售业的发展已经经历了三个阶段。
从实体门店，到电子商务，再到O2O融合的智慧零售，零售生态发生了翻天覆地的变化。
消费者的行为习惯也从追求性价比、品质化商品，发展到追求个性化定制商品。
消费者的行为习惯直接推动了零售商和制造商的商业模式变革，即从规模化、低成本到高质量、定制化的变革。
在这场影响全人类的变革中，“数据”扮演着最为核心的角色。
真实数据的产生，流转过程的可控，明确的数据利用规则，隐私数据的保护，则是变革的核心议题。
传统技术在这些方面存在很多弊端，也导致了目前社会上存在的各种问题。
比如用户隐私泄露，各种隐私数据被第三方收集、整理、贩卖；合同欺诈，合同执行困难；版权作品维权难、追责难等。
而最近几年兴起的区块链技术从一个全新的角度，融合使用点对点去中心化网络、共识机制、智能合约、加密体系等，给出了相关的解决方案。
苏宁联合了内部各相关的技术、业务、职能体系，对区块链在智慧零售生态中的使用方式，落地场景，解决方案进行了深入研究，编撰形成了《苏宁区块链白皮书（2018）》。
白皮书提炼了区块链的关键技术变革点，梳理了区块链技术的核心特征；总结了目前区块链落地应用的场景，着重给出了各场景下的具体解决方案；分享了苏宁区块链平台的发展技术路线和架构，期望能给业界提供有价值的参考。
在智慧零售生态中落地区块链应用过程中，我们也遇到很多困难，区块链技术落地到实际应用场景中存在各种问题，这驱使我们进行相关的创新和改进。
同时，我们也深刻认识到，区块链的最终目标将是“让世界更自律、更高效”。
苏宁将为这个伟大的目标贡献自己的力量，也期待更多有识之士加入到这场深刻的变革中来。
苏宁科技集团副总裁乔新亮•序二区块链作为当前计算机领域的最前沿的技术之一，得到了业界的广泛关注。
随着对“去中心化”思想理解的不断深入，人们对区块链技术的理解正逐渐从支持比特币的单纯技术平台向信息系统构建新的思维方式转变，各个领域都在将去中心化的思想和行业的痛点相结合，打造新的业务模式。
EOS正式版技术白皮书（中文）(原文链接网址：https:///p/f65bf7691482)EOS (Enterprise Operation System) 为商用分布式应用设计的一款区块链操作系统∙开发者友好的区块链底层平台∙类似与电邮系统的系统架构∙跨链消息传递机制∙独立的脚本语言∙免费的区块应用程序∙协同效应对于EOS的一些了解：区块链应用最大的限制就是延迟和数据吞吐量，EOS通过并行链和DPOS的方式解决了延迟和数据吞吐量的难题，比如BTC是大概最少三十分钟后数据才能被确认，7TPS/S，ETH也需要几分钟，只有，但基于石墨烯底层的BTS和STEEM却可以达到1.5S的平均确认速度和有限条件下实测3300TPS的数据吞吐量，EOS通过并行链的方式，最高可以达到数百万TPS，并且并行本地链甚至可以达到毫秒级的确认速度。
EOS率先支持的WREN编程语言在BM之前的博文中有过描述，是一种十分高效的编程语言。
EOS和ETH的愿景大致相似，一个操作系统的底层，在这个操作系统里，可以构建各种各样的智能合约应用，并且又因为并行链而使得EOS系统里的每一个软件都可以获得高性能支撑。
类似BTS STEEM这种每日交易次数超过BTC和ETH的真正意义上的应用，只有EOS上可以构建。
关于EOS的投资前景：首先看EOS的技术负责人 BM，他是BTS和STEEM的创始人，并且这两个应用目前看都处于良好的运行状态，至少对比很多概念性的项目，这两个项目是最落地的公链项目了。
2017-06-09 Hi区块链 | block.one 重磅干货！EOS正式版技术白皮书（中文）| 作者：block.one | 2017年6月5号 | 翻译：Harvey老狼、谭智勇、宋承根@OracleChain，梓岑@YOYOW2017-5-25 Eos：史诗级的区块链操作系统2017-06-05 steempub EOS目前最详细的中文介绍/EOS/EOS白皮书（中文版） | 下载pdfEOS白皮书（英文版） | EOS首次发布会（中文字幕）本中文白皮书翻译自EOS白皮书英文版，如果有表述不一致的地方，以英文版本为准。
第一章：前言C O NTENTS第二章 波顿（Botton）区块链商业系统································································································································12.1 旧商业体系痛点2.1.1 总体呈现“效率低、成本高”态势2.1.2 旧体系信息不对称2.1.3 企业信息孤岛2.1.4 真假难辨，维权成本高2.1.5 巨头垄断，中小企业融资难、融资贵2.1.6 全球化贸易流程繁琐，交易效率低 (2)····················································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································2.2 区块链赋能旧商业体系2.2.1 区块链技术特性2.2.2 旧商业的需求·····························································································································································································································································································································2.3 波顿——区块链商业系统···································································································2.4 LOGO 设计·······················································································································第三章 技术概况3.1 Botton（波顿）公有链技术框架·······················································································································································································································3.2 共识机制····························································································································3.3 代币发行····························································································································3.3.1 主币Botton Coin（波顿币）3.3.2 辅币Botton Token（波顿证）····················································································································································································3.4 链上社区功能····················································································································3.4.1 信任辐射网络3.4.2 熔炉铸币································································································································································································································3.4.3 矿场掘金···················································································································3.5 股东矿工大会····················································································································第四章 波顿（Botton）商业生态···································································································4.1 波顿商业生态建设规划······································································································4.1.1 生态启动阶段4.1.2 应用建设阶段··························································································································································································································4.1.3 生态成熟阶段·············································································································4.2 应用框架···························································································································4.2.1 产品供应链溯源 (2)222333445689991111111212131416181818181819194.2.2 链上出入库系统4.2.3 溯源和防伪框架4.2.4 库存管理4.2.5 智能商业4.2.6 用户价值管理·······································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································4.3 区块链+AI+大数据体系4.4.1 企业信用系统4.4.2 个人企业信用系统···························································································································································································································································································································4.4 全面信用评分系统·············································································································第五章 社区充分自治5.1 治理机制················································································································································································································································5.2 投票要素····························································································································第六章 Botton 里程碑···················································································································后记·············································································································································19 20 21 21 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 27 28。
