2020新课标高考艺考英语复习教师用书：第四板块第一部分第二讲 增加细节的5大高分技巧 Word版

第四讲特殊句式和主谓一致语法项目(一) 特殊句式(强调句型、倒装句和there be句型)特殊句式在高考语法填空和短文改错中考查较少，但是作为语法中的一个重点和难点，我们应在备考中给予足够的重视。

特殊句式的重要性主要体现在书面表达之中，它们基本上都是高级句式，它们的应用对于提升文章的档次起着举足轻重的作用。

特殊句式的解题技法铭记句式结构(强调句型)[实例体验]1．(2017·天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.解析：that[此处是“It is/was...that...”强调句式，强调的是when引导的时间状语从句，故填that。

]2．(2016·天津卷)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.解析：that[分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型。

at the hotel是被强调部分，缺少强调句式中的that，故填that。

]3．(2020·湖北四地七校联考)However，like so many other things，it is only too much stress ________ does you harm.解析：that[句意：但是，像很多其他的事情一样，只有太多的压力才会伤害到你。

去掉it is及设空处，句子结构和意义仍然完整，因此此句为强调句，其基本句型为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他”。

本句被强调的部分为事物。

故填that。

]4．(2020·湖北襄阳四校联考)Although it was ten years ago ________ I read the book，it shows me a universal truth that books are friends，always pushing us to move on.解析：that[分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，强调时间状语，故填that。

第二讲　推理判断题[整体感知·明方向]推理判断题是阅读理解的另一重要题型，属于深层理解类试题，要求考生在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系及细节的分析，进行推理和判断，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。

推理判断题通常占阅读理解总题数的20%～35%，仅次于细节理解题。

为更好地区分考生，这几年对推理判断题的考查，难度呈上升趋势。

[常见设问方式]　熟悉4种常考题型1．细节推理判断题细节推理判断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。

一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。

该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：It can be inferred from the text that ________.It can be concluded from the passage that ________.The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that ________.2．观点、态度推理判断题该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：The attitude of the author towards somebody/something is ________.The author's attitude towards...can be best described as ________.The tone of this passage is best described as ________.3．写作意图推理判断题该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：The main purpose of this text is ________.What's the author's purpose in writing this article?It can be concluded that the passage is mainly written for ________.The author writes this passage to ________.The author in this passage intends to________.4．文章出处推理判断题该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：This passage most likely comes from ________.In which part of a newspaper can you most probably read the text?Where does the text most probably come from?From which is the text probably taken?[正确选项特征]1．不是文中直接或明确说明的内容，是间接表达出来的，除符合文章主旨外，还符合逻辑，让考生有推敲的余地。

第一部分应用文写作[浙江卷三年考情分析]年份写作类型信息提示体裁话题题材内容词数要求2019年6月提纲类半开放汉语提示感谢信学校生活对Alex的帮助表示感谢80字左右2018年11月提纲类半开放汉语提示求助信社会生活向航空公司求助寻找丢失的钱包80字左右2018年6月提纲类半开放汉语提示申请信个人经历申请做一名志愿者80字左右2017年11月提纲类半开放汉语提示邀请信社会生活邀请MrHall到家过春节80字左右2017年6月提纲类半开放汉语提示邀请信旅游邀请Chris一块郊游80字左右2016年10月提纲类半开放汉语提示电子邮件学校生活交换生咨询80字左右命题者说1.考纲要求根据《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明(高考综合改革试验省份试用)(第一版)》，应用文写作要求考生能有效运用所学语言知识和语法知识，使用一定的词汇和句型，清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思。

2.命题形式高考英语书面表达的应用文写作的命题形式主要有提纲式、图表式、图画式等。

3.文体特点高考应用文写作的主要表达形式包括日记、书信、电子邮件、书面或口头通知、发言稿、网络发贴等。

从提供的命题场景看，很多是“涉外”或应用英语的环境，如申请参加国际夏令营、邀请外教参加活动、帮助迷路的外宾、请美国朋友看中国的越剧、课外学习英语的经验、对现行英语教材的看法、对英语教学的建议等。

4.话题特点纵观近几年的高考英语应用文写作试题不难看出，应用文写作试题引导考生观察生活，关注社会。

写作话题真实，主要是日常生活中考生比较关注和常见的事件或现象，情景实用程度高，使考生有内容可写。

每一份试卷中的话题都符合考生的认知水平，与考生的日常生活经历息息相关，符合考生的年龄特点和认知能力，即以考生的视角去观察生活、书写感悟。

此外，试题所涉及的话题也会贴近社会生活，富有时代气息，能唤起考生强烈的主人翁意识和责任感。

5.命题走向总结近三年高考命题的特点及规律，可以预测今后应用文写作的命题走向：(1)题材预测归纳起来，考查频率较高的应用文写作话题有以下几类：◆与中学生生活密切相关的活动，主要是课外活动、度假等；◆中学生所熟知的一般外事活动，主要涉及外教、外国笔友、外国留学生、外国访客等；◆就中学生所熟知的一般社会现象或社会焦点问题发表看法，如家务事、英语学习、生态文明等，多与讴歌积极向上、弘扬正能量等内容相关。

第二部分题型应对探究段首题空格为主旨句◆[解题攻略]在某段第一句设空的内容通常是该段落主旨句。

学生需要通过认真研读该段的内容，然后从选项中查找下文的同义词或其他相关词或句，从而确定答案。

有时则需反复读设空处后面一两句或更多内容，确定关键信息词，然后在各个选项中查找关联词和信息句。

一般正确答案选项与所设空后的第一句在意义上是紧密衔接的，因此正确选项和原文的内容是连贯且符合逻辑的。

[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)37____More than that，how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？First，you need to evaluate yourself，your values，your strengths，your weaknesses，your achievements，your desires，etc.Only then should you set your goals.B．So how should you motivate yourself?D．So why should we try to set specific goals?F．Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.解析：B[主旨句。

句意：那么，你应该如何激励自己呢？该题中，设空处位于文章段落的开头，可能会是该段的主旨句。

设空处后面how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal 也是引出该段话题或是对主旨句的进一步说明。

另根据句子结构一致的原则，可找到与此问句结构一致的选项B；So how should you motivate yourself？故选B。

]空格为承上启下句◆[解题攻略]在某段第一句设空的内容也有可能为承上启下的句子，这就需要学生做到瞻前顾后，既熟悉上一段结尾的内容，又结合下一段的内容，分析所选的答案是否能够将两段内容连贯起来。

第五讲　情态动词和虚拟语气语法项目(一)情态动词 [考纲解读·定方向]情态动词在语法填空中鲜有考查，但在写作中经常用到，对于有些考生来说情态动词是掌握的难点，在写作中经常犯低级错误而造成不应有的失分，因此在二轮备考中应加强对这一部分的学习。

情态动词的基本含义要知晓[实例体验]1．(2018·天津卷)I can't find my purse.I might/could have left it in the supermarket yesterday，but I'm not sure.2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid，I loved to watch cartoons，but no matter how many times I asked to watch them，my parents would not let me.3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)You needn't have taken a taxi；it's only five­minute walk to the park.[重点强化]1．情态动词不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的实义动词或be动词一起构成谓语。

写作时，考生常由于低级失误而在情态动词后接动词的过去式、过去分词或现在分词；或者由于受汉语的影响而漏掉情态动词后面的be动词。

2．“情态动词＋have done”的用法(1)must have done“一定做过了某事”，表示对过去事情有把握的推测。

(2)could/can have done“本能做某事(而实际上未做)”，can't/couldn't have done“(过去)不可能做过某事”。

(3)may/might have done“(过去)有可能做过某事”。

(4)should/ought to have done“本该做某事而没做”。

姓名，年级：时间：Unit 2English around the world阅读单词1.elevator n．电梯；升降机2．identity n。

本身；本体；身份3．apartment n。

（美)公寓住宅；单元住宅4．cab n。

出租车5。

lightning n．闪电6．subway n．地下人行道；（美)地铁7．conquer vt。

征服；占领8．usage n．使用;用法;词语惯用法9。

block n．街区;块；木块;石块10．enrich vt. 使富裕；充实；改善11．dialect n．方言12．accent n．口音；腔调；重音写作单词1。

official adj。

官方的；正式的;公务的2．native adj。

本国的；本地的n. 本地人；本国人3．base vt。

以……为根据n. 基部；基地;基础4．command n．&vt。

命令；指令;掌握5．request n。

＆vt。

请求；要求6．straight adv. 直接；挺直adj. 直的;笔直的；正直的7．voyage n。

航行；航海8．spelling n。

拼写；拼法9．vocabulary n。

词汇;词汇量；词表［语境活用]1．Everyone knows conversations starting with weather。

speak are not requests (要求)for weather data。

2．Go straight (直接)down the road until you come to the English language school.3．He hated being in the army because he had to obey commands (命令）．4．Both English and French are official (官方的)languages in Canada.5．She was born in Germany and her native （本国的）language is German.6．The voyage （航行）from England to India used to take six months。

第一部分 解题技法总述对应学生用书P81做完形填空题，最大的禁忌就是急于求成、贸然行动，不置于语篇大环境下凭主观臆断，造成“只见树木，不见森林”的片面性错误。

正确的做法是：先通读全文和选项，对文意和题目有个大致了解，搞清楚主旨大意及思考方向后，再进行第二遍精读和答题。

如何读文，如何做题，怎样才能高效，本讲将给予悉心宏观指导。

[全国卷3年考情分析]卷别体裁题材句内层次题句组层次题语篇层次题2019卷Ⅰ 记叙文乞力马扎罗山的环境污染及治理之后环境的改观 1082卷Ⅱ 记叙文 帮人找回宠物狗 10 7 3 卷Ⅲ 说明文 科技改变生活 11722018 卷Ⅰ 记叙文作者对自己大学时学习国际象棋的感悟 1082卷Ⅱ 记叙文作者救人碰巧营救了自己儿子的故事 1172卷Ⅲ 记叙文一条错发的手机短信引发的善与美的故事 9832017 卷Ⅰ 记叙文作者学习美式手语的经历1073卷Ⅱ 记叙文作者介绍学生情况和自己的收获 992卷Ⅲ 记叙文一位男士免费赠送机票的故事10731．解题流程2．答题技巧(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They____41____with them lots of waste. The____42____might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the____43____of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories, I'm____44____about the place －other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.However, I soon____45____ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of____46____among tons of rubbish. I find a____47____mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are____48____but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be____49____.The best of a Kilimanjaro____50____，in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are____51____as spiritual places by many cultures. This____52____is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as____53____go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters，____54____lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather____55____－low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I____56____twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland____57____：gravel(砾石), stones and rocks.____58____you climb into an arctic-like zone with____59____snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro____60____its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.41．A.keep B．mixC．connect D．bring42．A.stories B．buildingsC．crowds D．reporters43．A.position B．ageC．face D．name44．A.silent B．skepticalC．serious D．crazy45．A.discover B．argueC．decide D．advocate46．A.equipment B．grassC．camps D．stones47．A.remote B．quietC．tall D．clean48．A.new B．specialC．significant D．necessary49．A.paying off B．spreading outC．blowing up D．fading away50．A.atmosphere B．experienceC．experiment D．sight51．A.studied B．observedC．explored D．regarded52．A.view B．qualityC．reason D．purpose53．A.scientists B．climbersC．locals D．officials54．A.holding on to B．going back toC．living up to D．giving way to55．A.changes B．clearsC．improves D．permits56．A.match B．imagineC．count D．add57．A.village B．desert C．road D．lake 58．A.Obviously B．Easily C．Consequently D．Finally 59．A.permanent B．little C．fresh D．artificial 60．A.enjoy B．deserve C．save D．acquire。

第二部分读后续写[浙江卷三年考情分析]1.考纲要求提供一段350词以内的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示的关键词进行续写(150词左右)，将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。

读后续写或概要写作，两种形式在不同考次不定期交换使用。

2.考查特点读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式，旨在考查学生的综合语言运用能力。

与应用文不同，故事续写除了要求学生掌握丰富的词汇和句式外，还注重学生的内容构思和情节衔接的能力。

主要聚焦在以下四个方面：3.选材特点(1)所需阅读的短文词数在350以内；(2)多以记叙文、故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类的文章为主，故事情节曲折、跌宕、起伏，但是，故事线索的逻辑性比较强。

4.续写特点简言之，读后续写就是阅读完一篇还未写完的文章之后，根据要求和提示把这篇文章未写完的部分补充完全，使之浑然一体。

它一方面能很好地考查考生对所学语言知识的实际运用能力，另一方面，它也培养学生的发散思维能力。

根据《考试说明》该部分的规定，考生在续写文章时，要注意续写部分“与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度”，“内容的丰富性和对所标出关键词语的应用情况”，“应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性”以及“上下文的连贯性”。

5.命题趋势自2016年10月浙江省启用新题型以来至2018年11月高考，连续四次考查读后续写，这足以看出读后续写的重要性。

但2017年11月的高考读后续写与前两次的不一样，出现了标题，内容也不是有关遇险的。

因此，今后读后续写的文章形式及内容会更加丰富，也会给考生留下更大的发挥空间，只要掌握读后续写的命题规律和写作方法，并具备一定的阅读和写作能力，该题型就会迎刃而解。

(2018·浙江卷6月)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

It was summer，and my dad wanted to treat us to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.We took a plane to Albuquerque，a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle_Paul，my dad's friend，picked us up from the airport and drove us to his farm in Pecos.His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm_house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast，“The day starts at dawn on my farm，”he said, After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens，while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride，and he said yes，as long as my dad went with me. I wasn't going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So，my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats，got on our horses，and headed slowly towards the mountain.“Don't be late for supper，”Uncle Paul cried，“and keep to the track so that you don't get_lost！”“OK！”My dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm were out of sight.It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks，the deep green pine trees，and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的)blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.注意：1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头已为你写好；4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

第一讲名词和冠词语法项目(一) 名词语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。

短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。

解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，来判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词；有的还要结合语境分析句子成分，来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。

如何确定填单复数、所有格还是派生为名词[思考趋向]1．填名词的单复数若提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的单复数。

2．填名词的所有格提示词为名词时，如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。

3．派生为名词[典例感悟][典例1](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.解析：invitations invitation“邀请”是可数名词，其前有several修饰，应用复数形式。

[典例2](2019·湖南师大附中模拟)This could be ________ (Mary) motto——the expression that best captures her spirit.解析：Mary's此题考查名词的所有格，根据语境应该表示“玛丽的格言”。

[典例3](2017·浙江卷11月)Of course you have to work at it.You wouldn't think that a few ________ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life，and that's also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.解析：months考查名词的数。

姓名，年级：时间：[全国卷三年考情分析]第一讲审题谋篇的2个黄金公式高考书面表达的审题谋篇是取得高分的第一步，不管是提纲信息类作文，图表类作文，还是（半)开放作文,都要做到定体裁、定人称、定时态、定要点及定结构。

做好以上内容的整体布局和策划是一篇优秀习作的必经之路.写作思路要顺畅(1)认真审题，分析提纲或者图画(图表)内容，明确文章的写作主题，并确定文章的体裁、人称、时态、结构及要点等五大基本要素。

(2）根据提纲或图画(图表）内容，确定文章的段落层次.(3)收集与主题相符，能支持主题的具体内容材料.（4）理清段落与段落，层次与层次之间的过渡、衔接关系和方式。

(5）确定能体现主题、简单明了、发人深思的结尾方式.篇章结构需谋划（1)注意篇章结构，合理布局开始部分(Opening paragraph)—-说出文中的要点、核心问题；正文部分（Body paragraphs)——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论；结尾部分(Concluding paragraph）——对全文的总结和概括。

(2）确定主题句主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。

它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。

通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头,而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释、扩展.写主题句应注意以下几点：①归纳出要写的文章的几个要点：②提炼出一句具有概括性的话;③主题句应具有可读性，吸引读者继续读下去.写作要点巧表述（1）提纲或图画(图表)要点化根据信息或图画（图表）的提示，列全需要写作的内容要点，确保无遗漏,这是考生能够拿到基本分的关键.(2)要点句式化将要点扩展成精确的句子,这是体现写作水平的关键一环，同时也是最重要的“增分点"。

坚决避免英语汉语化和句式的单一化,在保证正确的前提下,尽可能使用高级词汇、层次感比较丰富的复杂句式.（3)连句成文在“要点齐全、较高级词汇的使用以及句式丰富”都做好的前提下，加入引入话题的开篇句、承上启下的过渡句以及紧扣主题的结束句，写作任务基本完成。

第四讲　词义猜测题[整体感知·明方向]词义猜测题是历年高考必考的一类题型，它可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。

在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。

[常见设问方式]1．词意类：①The underlined word/phrase... probably means/can be replaced by ________.②Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word/phrase...?2．指代类：①What does the underlined word“this/that/it/they...”refer to？②The underlined word“this/that/it/they...”refers to ________.3．句意类：①The underlined sentence in the...paragraph probably means ________.②What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph...?[正确选项特征]1．含义和其字面意思一般没有关系。

2．上下文逻辑通顺。

3．与原句意思最接近。

[干扰选项特征]1．与所考词汇形似。

2．如果考的是熟词，含有常规词义的往往是错误选项。

3．句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。

[分类例析·通技法] 根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测◆[解题攻略]有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。

Unit 4　Making the news阅读单词1.submit v t. 递交；呈递(文件等)　2．colleague n. 同事　3．update v t. 更新；使现代化　4．assess v t. 评估；评定　5.dilemma n． (进退两难的)困境；窘境　6．publish v t. 出版；发行；发表；公布　7．thorough adj. 彻底的；详尽的　8．chief adj. 主要的；首席的　n. 首领；长官写作单词1.　unusual　adj. 不同寻常的；独特的2．　eager　adj. 渴望的；热切的3．　acquire　v t. 获得；取得；学到4．　inform　v t. 告知；通知5．　deadline　n. 最后期限6．　meanwhile　ad v. 其间；同时7．　case　n. 情况；病例；案例8．　accuse　v t. 指责；谴责；控告9．　deliberately　ad v. 故意地10．　demand　n. 需求；要求v t.强烈要求11．　gifted　adj. 有天赋的12．　department　n. 部门；部；处；系13．　polish　v t. 擦亮；磨光；润色14．　publish　v t. 出版；发行；发表；公布15．　chief　adj. 主要的；首席的n.首领；长官[语境活用]1．Please keep me fully informed　(告知) of any development.2．Only if he asks many different questions will he acquire　(获得)all the information he needs to know.3．Tom couldn't finish his work on time，so his boss called him to account for failing to meetthe deadline　(最后期限)．4．The man was clever，amusing and gifted　(有天赋的)with a sharp business brain.5．There are five cases　(病例)of food poisoning in the hospital.6．Now that you are eager　(渴望的)to join the school football team，why not try out for it?7．I believe the house was deliberately　(故意地)set fire to.8．It is such an unusual　(不同寻常的)work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.拓展单词1.concentrate v i.& v t.集中；聚集→　concentration　n．专心；集中→　concentrated　adj.全神贯注的2．guilty adj.犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的→　guilt　n．内疚；犯罪；有罪3．editor n．编辑→　edition n．版(本)；版次→　edit　v．编辑　4．approve v t.赞成；认可；批准→　approval　n．赞成；认可；批准→　disapproval　n．不赞成；反对5．appointment n．约会；任命→　appoint　v t.约会；任命6．assess v t.评估；评定→　assessment　n．评定；评估7．delighted adj.快乐的；欣喜的→　delight　n．快乐；高兴；喜悦v t.使高兴；使欣喜8．admirable adj.值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的→　admire　v t.钦佩；羡慕→　admiration　n．钦佩；羡慕9．assist v t.帮助；协助；援助→　assistance　n．帮助；协助→　assistant　n．助手；助理；售货员10．profession n．职业；专业→　professional　adj.专业的；职业的n.专业人员[语境活用]1．You should phone his secretary if you want to make an appointment　(appoint)．2．The truth is that the committee gave its approval　(approve) to the plan after a second thought.3．Some insist that stealing is always wrong，but others think that one does not need to feel so guilty (guilt)when stealing some food to eat.4．I'm sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance (assist)from.5．These people earn a living wage for their professional (profession)knowledge and skills.6．She speaks English so well that her friends are filled with admiration (admire).第一组短语识记1.　depend on 依靠；依赖2．　inform sb.of sth.　通知某人某事3．　pass...on to 把……传给……4．　have a nose for　对……很敏感；善于发现5．　look forward to　盼望语境活用1.Andrew returned to the room and informed me of his decision.2．You can depend on him，for he is a man of his word.3．What Wang Lin wants to do most is to watch the four classic masterpieces on TV，which he has been looking forward to　.4．Your son has a nose for stories，so he will become a good journalist before long.第二组短语识记1.　concentrate on 集中；全神贯注2．　so as to　为了(做)……3．　accuse...of　因……指责或控告4．　ahead of　在……前面5．　keep in mind　记住语境活用Our teacher demands that we should exercise for an hour every day 1.　so as to have good health.As students，we should 2.　keep in mind that taking exercise is well worth it.Not only does taking exercise build up our body but it also helps us 3.　concentrate on our study.填写课本佳句1.　Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报社的第一项工作任务。

第二部分题型应对策略|精通四种题型解题技巧，有的放矢多拿分第一讲理解文中具体信息——细节理解题[学生用书P67] 细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解中非常重要的一种题型。

细节理解题题干针对原文的具体叙述进行提问，主要考查考生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节、文章的主要事实或文中个别词句的理解能力，一般包括查找信息题、数字计算题等。

[学生用书P67]【考查特点】Ⅰ.把握细节理解题常见的命题方式：(1)特殊疑问句形式：以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。

(2)填空题形式：通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节。

(3)就文中数字、排序等提问。

Ⅱ.掌握细节细解题的考查角度：(1)高频考点：直接信息题；综合细节题。

(2)低频考点：数字计算题；正误判断题；细节排序题。

直接细节题即事实认定类细节题，该题型在原文中可直接找到答案，不要求考生对事实做出解释或者判断，只需要从阅读材料中直接获取信息(有时需要跨段落查找细节信息)。

正确选项和原文在表述上没有太大的变化。

常见的设问方式：◆Which activity will you choose if...?◆What will you/the students do on Tuesday/on the Capital City Bike Tour?◆When can you see a play in Hebrew?◆Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?◆At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?◆Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames?[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅰ·A片段)Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15－18 years old in select communities(社区)．Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15－29, returning to school in the fall.21．What is special about Summer Company?A．It requires no training before employment.B．It provides awards for running new businesses.C．It allows one to work in the natural environment.D．It offers more summer job opportunities.[解题思路]第一步确定题干中的关键词Summer_Company第二步根据关键词定位信息句Summer_Company_provides_students_with_hands-on_business_training_and_awards_of_up_to_$3，000_to_start_and_run_their_own_summer_businesses.第三步比对选项确定答案Summer_Company的特别之处在于_“它为经营新业务提供奖励”。

姓名，年级：时间：第二讲破译长难句——关键理清句子主干英语句子有长有短,有简有繁,从表象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸；但从实质看，可以发现许多内在联系和共同规律。

句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子,其实英语中最基本的句型只有五种，其他各种句型都是由这五种基本句型演变而来的。

掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

主语＋谓语（不及物动词）此句型的句子有—个共同特点：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。

这类动词叫作不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

The sun|set.太阳落下。

What he said｜does not matter.他所说的不重要.They｜had talked for half an hour when I came in。

当我进来时他们已经谈了半小时了.His parents|have worked in the factory for more than ten years.他父母在这家工厂工作了十年多了。

主语＋谓语(及物动词）＋宾语此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟—个宾语（即动作的承受者)才能使意思完整。

这类动词叫作及物动词。

He｜enjoys|reading。

他喜欢阅读.They|ate｜what was left over。

他们吃的是剩饭。

He|said｜“Good morning。

”他说：“早上好。

”主语＋连系动词＋表语此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。

这类动词叫作连系动词.连系动词分两类：be，look，keep，smell等属一类，表示状态；get，grow，become，turn,fall等属另一类，表示变化.be本身没有什么意义，只起连接主语和表语的作用.其他系动词仍保持其部分词义.This|is|an English。

第三讲　理清文架构——核心抓段落构成——知主题句一、段落的构成英语文章段落结构一般由三部分构成：主题句(topic sentence)，扩展句(development sentence)和结论句(closing sentence/concluding sentence)。

主题句点出段落的主题，扩展句解释说明或论证主题，结论句总结、归纳或概括主题。

1．主题句主题句，就是段落的核心句、纲领句、主旨句、中心思想句，言简意赅，主旨鲜明。

它是段落的灵魂，表达段落的主题，在英语文章段落中居于主导地位，其他句子都要围绕它而展开。

英语文章一般喜欢开宗明义，所以主题句一般位于文章段首，但有时也在段中或段尾。

2．扩展句扩展句就是为主题句起解释说明或论证作用的句子。

扩展句一般长度适中，有一定的条理和逻辑。

扩展句的展开方法多种多样，通常采用的方法有举例说明、描述、定义、比较对照、因果分析、分类等。

3．结论句结论句就是总结句，会重述或总结段落的中心论点，与主题句相呼应。

需要指出的是，英文段落中结论句并不多见，我们通常看到英语的文章段落结构60%一70%都是由“主题句＋扩展句”构成。

[典例]　Why fiction is superior to textbooks lies in their imagination(主题句：以自问自答的方式提出段落主题)．Authors of the fictions always create attractive characters so as to give his opinion about nature and the society as well as life(扩展句1)．It not only provides knowledge，but also teaches us what is the right attitude toward life (扩展句2)．For instance，we can learn from Gone w ith the Wind how to be a strong­willed person；from Jack London，how to love life(扩展句3：基于上述观点，进一步举例说明)．We can be stimulated to overcome all obstacles to realize our ambitions(扩展句4)．So，fictions enable people to form their positive view of life，the spirit of optimism and invincible courage，and provide us with an opportunity to learn and to practice，while textbooks barely can (结论句：归纳总结段落主题)．二、段落主题句的位置在进行阅读理解时，我们要善于找出段落的主题句，这样才能抓住文章段落的中心思想(controlling idea)。

Unit 4Body language阅读单词1.flight n．飞行；航班2．cheek n. 面颊3．dash v i. 猛冲；突进4.crossroads n．十字路口5．facial adj. 面部的6．fist n. 拳头7．yawn v i. 打呵欠8.subjective adj.主观的9．rank n. 等级；军衔10．posture n. 姿势；体态11．cassette n. 磁带写作单词1.dormitory n．宿舍2．major adj. 主要的3．approach v t.&v i. 接近；走近；靠近n. 接近；方法；途径4．likely adj. 可能的5．hug v i.&v t. 拥抱6．function n. 作用；功能；职能v i. 起作用；运转7．represent v t. 代表；象征8．canteen n. 食堂9．ease n. 安逸；舒适v t. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)10．adult n. 成年人；成人adj. 成人的；成熟的[语境活用]1．As you know，smoking is one of the major(主要的)causes of cancer，so you'd better give it up.2．The function(作用)of smile is usually considered to show happiness.3．At the meeting they discussed three different approaches(方法)to the study of mathematics.4．As an adult(成年人)，you should be responsible for your own decisions.5．Linda and I，representing(代表)our class，will take part in the contest to be held this weekend.6．The building is designed as the dormitory(宿舍)for the students.拓展单词1.statement n．陈述；说明→state v．陈述；说明2．greet v i.&v t.迎接；问候→greeting n．问候；招呼3．association n．社团；联系；联想→associate v t.把……联系起来；联系→associated adj.有关联的4．curious adj.好奇的→curiously ad v.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇；好奇心5．defend v t.保护；保卫→defence n．防御；保卫6．misunderstand v t.误解；误会→misunderstanding n．误解；误会7．spoken adj.口语的→unspoken adj.(反义词)未说出口的；非口语的8．anger n．怒气；怒火→angry adj.生气的9．truly ad v.真实地；真诚地；真正地→true adj.真实的→truth n．真实；真理[语境活用]1．I opened the packet just to satisfy my curiosity(curious)．2．It is also important to avoid irresponsible statements(state)or promises that can't be kept.3．We should stand up in defence(defend)of peace.4．An English speech association(associate)has been set up in our school.Now，we are recruiting members.5．Those who truly(true)understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.第一组短语识记1.defend...against防御；保卫……以免受2．on the contrary相反地3．be likely to很可能……；有希望……4．in general总的来说；通常5．at ease舒适；快活；自由自在6．put up举起；开起；搭建；留宿7．as well as和……一样好；也；和语境活用1.Before the interview，the interviewer wore a bright smile on his face，putting us at ease.2．In general，the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.3．They put up their tents and settled down for the night.4．The pencil-box on the desk as well as the bookmarks belongs to my little sister.5．Their criticism did not discourage me.On the contrary，I worked even harder.第二组短语识记1.be curious about对……感到好奇的2．get close to接近；靠近3．as if好像4．turn one's back to背对5．lose face丢脸语境活用When I went to the USA for the first time，I 1.was curious about everything around me.I found it difficult to make myself understood only by spoken words.It looked 2.as if I had been in a new world.However，I was unwilling to communicate with others in case I 3.lost face.填写课本佳句1.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.(不定式作后置定语)第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。

第十讲构词法[考纲解读·定方向]正确运用构词法知识，是词汇学习的重要途径，同时也是扩大词汇量的一个重要方法。

英语中构词法主要分为派生法、转化法和合成法。

牢固掌握并熟练运用构词法知识，不仅有助于提高考生对阅读中生词进行辨识的能力，使其更加灵活地应对语法填空和短文改错对于词性转化的考查。

[重点强化]一、派生法在一个词的词根之前或之后加上某个词缀来生成一个新词的构词法，即称作派生法词缀。

加在词根之前的词缀叫做前缀，加在词根之后的叫做后缀。

1．形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-age -cy short→shortage不足；短缺efficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency 流利；流畅accurate→accuracy 准确性private→privacy 隐私；私密-dom free→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom 明智；智慧-ence different→difference差异silent→silence 沉默-ness weak→weakness虚弱；弱点kind→kindness 仁慈；好意careless→carelessness 粗心大意dark→darkness 黑暗-th stong→strength力气；强项warm→warmth 温暖；热情true→truth 真实wide→width 宽度-y -ty -ity difficult→difficulty困难cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴safe→safety 安全disable→disability 无能；残疾responsible→responsibility责任后缀例词-al approve→approval赞成；批准arrive→arrival 到来；到达survive→survival 幸存propose→proposal 提议；建议-ance appear→appearance出现；外貌guide→guidance 指引；指导perform→performance 表演；节目-ence exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference 偏爱refer→reference 参考；查阅-ion attract→attraction吸引construct→construction 建设educate→education 教育evaluate→evaluation 评估graduate→graduation 毕业-ation expect→expectation期待；期望explain→explanation 解释consider→consideration 考虑imagine→imagination 想象力starve→starvation 挨饿invite→invitation 邀请；请柬-(s) sion discuss→discussion讨论；辩论decide→decision 决定admit→admission 接纳；准许入学-ing hear→hearing听力；听觉begin→beginning 开始-ment achieve→achievement功绩；成就argue→argument 辩论；论据treat→treatment 对待；治疗equip→equipment 设备-ure fail→failure失败press→pressure 压力-ture mix→mixture混合；混合物depart→departure 离开；出发-y recover→recovery恢复；痊愈discover→discovery 发现其他grow→growth成长；发展choose→choice 选择vary→variety 多样化；种类tend→tendency 趋向；趋势后缀例词-ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable 舒适的fashion→fashionable 时髦的suit→suitable 合适的reason→reasonable 有道理的-almusic→musical音乐的origin→original 最初的person→personal 个人的；私人的center→central 中央的；中心的nature→natural 自然的；天生的form→formal 正式的nation→national 全国的-ful doubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful 健忘的harm→harmful 有害的hope→hopeful 有希望的peace→peaceful 和平的care→careful 细心的use→useful 有用的help→helpful 有帮助的-(e)d scare→scared恐惧的confuse→confused 困惑的puzzle→puzzled 迷惑的worry→worried 担心的bore→bored 厌倦的excite→excited 激动的；兴奋的underline→underlined 加下划线的-ing surprise→surprising令人惊讶的convince→convincing 令人信服的satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的worry→worrying 令人担心的bore→boring 令人厌倦的-ible access→accessible容易达到的；容易取得的horror→horrible 可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible 可怕的-ive act→active积极的；活跃的effect→effective 有效的；生效的attract→attractive 有吸引力的impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的instruct→instructive 有教育意义的expense→expensive 昂贵的-ous continue→continuous不断的；持续的anxiety→anxious 忧虑的caution→cautious 十分小心的；谨慎的curiosity→curious 好奇的humor→humorous 幽默的-sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome 麻烦的-y taste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy 健康的wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的dirt→dirty 有灰尘的；脏的rain→rainy 有雨的sun→sunny 阳光明媚的cloud→cloudy 阴天的-ern east→eastern东方的；向东的west→western 西方的；向西的-ish child→childish孩子气的fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish 自私的-icscience→scientific科学的economy→economic 经济的history→historic 历史上著名的-ary imagine→imaginary想象的规则示例一般情况加-ly slow→slowly缓慢地common→commonly 普通地immediate→immediately 立刻地以“辅音字母＋-y”结尾，将y改为i然后加-ly happy→happily高兴地steady→steadily 稳定地busy→busily 繁忙地以-le结尾，去掉e加-y simple→simply简单地gentle→gently 温柔地terrible→terribly 可怕地possible→possibly 可能地以-ic结尾，加-ally economic→economically 经济地scientific→scientifically 科学地常考容易拼错的副词rudely；truly；politely；widely；nicely；closely；fortunately；surprisingly；increasingly；hurriedly；healthily在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。

第三部分概要写作[浙江卷三年考情分析]年份写作类型信息提示体裁话题题材内容字数要求2019年6月概要写作汉语提示议论文社会生活父母对孩子的表扬60字左右2018年11月概要写作汉语提示说明文学校生活申请大学之前应对其了解60字左右命题者说1.考纲要求提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。

概要写作或读后续写，两种形式在不同考次不定期交换使用。

2.考查特点概要写作属于限制性写作。

主要考查考生凝缩大段阅读文字的概括能力，如考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力。

同时，考查考生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。

3.选材特点(1)所需阅读的短文词数在350以内；(2)所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。

4.题型特点简言之，概要写作就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。

写概要时，读者要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。

因此，概要写作基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。

5.命题趋势自从2016年10月以来，浙江省在高考中2018年11月和2019年6月都考查了概要写作，考虑到高考的延续性和稳定性，不可忽视该题型。

(2019·浙江卷6月概要写作)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal，” says Donahue，author of Parenting Without Fear：Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to r emember is that it's the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________[范文欣赏]Nowadays, parents tend to offer considerate praise to their children, hoping to boost their confidence, but it may produce the opposite effect. However, no praise from parents also does harm to their self-confidence. Therefore, experts claim that sincere praise should be given for the process not for the result. Meanwhile, kids do deserve praise if they strive to do their duty. Anyway, the amount of praise you give depends on how hard they work.[名师点评]本文的要点可以归纳如下：要点1，如今，父母总是给孩子们太多的赞扬，希望增强他们的自信，但是这可能会产生相反的效果；要点2，然而，父母不表扬他们的孩子同样有损孩子的自信心；要点3，因此，专家认为，父母应该因为努力过程而赞扬孩子，而不是因为事情的结果；要点4，同时，孩子如果做事尽职尽责，确实值得被赞扬。