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Twelve Angry ManThis play tells a 12-man jury’s deliberations in a capital murder case that an 18-year-old boy is charged with first-degree murder because he stabbed death of his father.At the beginning ,when they take a preliminary vote ,eleven of the jurors want to get out the court and immediately vote guilty. Only NO.8 votes the boy not guilty. He thinks they shouldn’t send the boy off to die without talking about it first. However ,the other jurors insist that the boy has guilty because they has two eyewitnesses----the old man who lives downstair .When the killing took place, he heard the lid yell out :“I’ll going to kill you !”and the body hit the floor.And the woman who lives across the street. At that time she took out of the window and right across the street,she saw the boy stick his knife into his father’chest.Besides,the boy could n’t remember the names of the movies he had watched and the stars. As NO.8 juror trying to persuade others into trusting him by presenting some the similar knife can be brought in a pawnshop just tow blocks from the boy’s tely ,the reasonable doubts in the old man and the woman’s testimonys.doubts on the boy’s guilt, the facts unfolded bit by bit. For example ,Going by a series of argument,NO.9 juror first surrender and changes his vote at the second vote. Then others gradually calm down and think carefully about thiscase.The vote of the jury change from nine to three in favor of the guilty.finally all of the juries including NO.3 who was the last one change his idea ,voted not guilty in favor the boy.the boy proves to be innocent and is released ultimally.NO.8 juror is a justice ,kindly and responsible person. He has his own ideas and he is very patient .I admire him very much .。
Lesson 5 Twelve Angry Men (Part One)Word Studyabstainv. a. to choose not to vote for or againstb. not to do or have something you enjoy, especially alcohol or sex, usually for reasons ofreligion or healthn. abstainabstain from alcohol, voteExamples:Six countries voted for the change, five voted against, and two abstained.Pilots must abstain from alcohol for 24 hours before flying.Catholics are supposed to abstain from meat on Good Friday.allegev. to say that something is true or that someone has done something wrong, although it has not been proved.Examples:The prosecution alleged that the man had been responsible for an act of terrorism.The water is alleged to be polluted with mercury.assumev. to think that something is true, although you do not have definite proof (Synonym: presume)Examples:assume control/responsibility, etc.assume a manner/air/expression, etc.n. assumptionI didn't see your car, so I assumed you'd gone out.He assumed power in a bloody coup in 1990.Andy assumed an air of indifference whenever her name was mentioned.chargev. a. to state officially that someone may be guilty of a crimeb. to ask someone for a particular amount of money for something you are sellingExamples:Gibbons has been charged with murder.The gallery charges an entrance fee.conducta. to carry out a particular activity or process, especially in order to get information orprove factsb. to stand in front of a group of musicians or singers and direct their playing or singingc. if something conducts electricity or heat, it allows electricity or heat to travel along orthrough itconduct a survey/investigation进行侦察/调查conduct an experiment/a test 做实验/测试conduct a campaign 发起一场运动conduct an interview 进行面谈/访谈conduct an orchestra 指挥交响乐conduct heat/electricity 导热/电divergev. a. if similar things diverge, they develop in different ways and so are no longer similar b. if opinions, interests, etc. diverge, they are different from each othern. divergence a. divergentExamples:The two species diverged millions of years ago.Here his views diverged from Gregory's.handya. a. usefulb. (informal) near and easy to reachc. good at using something, especially a toolExamples:Take your swimming trunks with you —they might come in handy.I always keep my gun handy just in case. /Do you have a piece of paper handy?He's very handy with a screwdriver.practicallyad. a. almostb. in a sensible way which takes account of problemsExamples:It's practically impossible to predict what will happen.“But how can we pay for it?” said John practically.provokev. a. to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden oneb. to make someone angry, especially deliberatelyExamples:The novel has provoked fierce debate in the US.Her rudeness provoked me to strike her.Paul tried to provoke Fletch into a fight.refutev. to prove that a statement or idea is not correctExample:refute a hypothesis/a claim/an idea, etc.反驳一个假设/说法/想法ridiculev. to laugh at a person, idea, etc. and say that they are stupidn. ridiculea. ridiculousExample:At the time, his ideas were ridiculed.seekv. a. to endeavor to obtain or reachb. to inquire for; requestc. to try; endeavorExamples:seek a college education努力获得高等教育seek directions from a police officer 向警察问路seek to do good试图行善swearv. (swore, sworn)a. to use rude and offensive languageb. to promise that you will do somethingc. to say very strongly that what you are saying is trueExamples:Don't swear in front of the children.Mona swore never to return home.Victor swore he would get his revenge.I never touched your purse, I swear!unbearablea. too unpleasant, painful, or annoying to deal with(Synonym: intolerable)Examples:The strain eventually became unbearable, and Adam started seeing a psychiatrist.Without him, my life would be unbearable.uprighta. placed in a vertical positionn. uprightnesssit/stand/walk upright直挺挺地坐/站/走upright position垂直状态an upright man正直的人verdictn.an official decision made in a court of law, especially about whether someone is guilty ofa crime or how a death happenedExamples:The jury has retired to consider its verdict.After a week the jury had still not reached a verdict.I never doubted that they would deliver the correct verdict.Phrases and Expressionscharge sb. withto state officially that someone may be guilty of a crimeExamples:The man they arrested last night has been charged with murder.They're going to charge him with dangerous driving.Cf.He was accused of murder.Smith accused her of lying.serve a jail term/sentence, serve timeto spend a particular period of time in prisonExamples:He served an eighteen-month sentence for theft.Did you know that Les is serving time (= is in prison) ?owe sb. sth.to feel that you should do something for someone or give someone something, because they have done something for you or given something to youExamples:I owe my brother $50.He asked for help from a colleague who owed him a favour.I owe Susan a letter; I must write soon.You owe him an apology.“I owe my parents a lot,” he admitted.Their success owes more to good luck than to careful management.be supposed to doused to say what someone should or should not do, especially because of rules or what someone in authority has saidExamples:We're supposed to check out of the hotel by 11 o'clock.I'm not supposed to tell anyone.No one was supposed to know about it.The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we've had to postpone it.mix upto make the mistake of thinking that someone or something is another person or thing Examples:I must have got the times mixed up.I always mix him up with his brother. They look so much alike.put into wordsto expressExamples:It is hard to put into words how I feel now.He‟s not very musical, to put it mildly (=He's not musical at all).We get on each other's nerves, to put it bluntly (=to say exactly what I mean).It's fairly risky. Or to put it another way (=say it in different words), don't try this at home.provoke sb. into doinga. to make someone angry, especially deliberatelyb. to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden oneExamples:Paul tried to provoke them into fighting.She hopes her editorial will provoke readersinto thinking seriously about the issue.arrest sb. forif the police arrest someone, the person is taken to a police station because the police think they have done something illegalExamples:I got arrested for careless driving.He was arrested on suspicion/charges ofsupplying drugs.beat sb. upto hurt someone badly by hitting themExample:Her boyfriend got drunk and beat her up.Cf.: beat oneself upbeat yourself up(American English, informal) to blame yourself too much for somethingIf you do your best and you lose, you can't beat yourself up about it.miss the pointnot to understand the main point of what someone is sayingillustrate the point 举例说明get to the point中肯的, 扼要的come (straight) to the point直接切入主题beside the point离题, 不中肯to the point中肯, 扼要conduct cross-examinationWe are conducting a survey/investigation/review of consumer attitudes towards organicfood从事调查, 进行审阅Is it really necessary to conduct experiments/tests on animals? 做实验They conducted a campaign of bombings and assassinations. 进行，从事运动The interview was conducted in English. The memorial service was conducted by the Rev.David Prior. 举行，引导It was the first time that I had conducted business in Brazil. 做生意tear… to shredsSynonym: rip… to shredsExamples:The clothes were ripped to shreds and covered in blood.Within a year, other researchers had torn the theory to shreds.identify… asto recognize and correctly name someone or somethingExamples:Eye witnesses identified the gunman as an army sergeant.The aircraft were identified as American.Cf:identify with somebody/something 认同He identified with our distress and despair.identify something with somebody/something 视……为一体the attempt to identify crime with poverty and social problemspull a trick/stunt/joketo succeed in playing a trick to someoneExample:Don't pull a trick like that again!Synonym:pull somebody…s leg 开玩笑I haven't won, have I? You're pulling my leg.There is no point doing…It‟s meaningless to do…Example:There's no point in worrying.call fora. if a group of people calls for something, they ask publicly for something to be doneb. to need or deserve a particular type of behaviour or treatmentc. to meet someone at their home in order to take them somewhereExamples:Human Rights groups are calling for the release of political prisoners.Dealing with children who are so damaged calls for immense tact and sensitivity.talk it outto discuss a problem thoroughly in order to solve itExamples:We need to spend a little time talking this out.It might help if you talked it out with Dad.Cf.:talk somebody out of (doing) something 说服某人不做……Can't you talk them out of selling the house?hang a jurya jury that cannot agree whether someone is guilty of a crimeRelated expressions:Grand jury 大陪审团Jury box 陪审席Jury service 作陪审员(not) hear oneself thinkused to emphasize how noisy a place isExample:Just shut up, Tom. I can't hear myself think.Related phrase:think aloud/think out loud 自言自语She began to think aloud as she always did when I was with her.Law TermsConstitutional Law 宪法Criminal Law 刑法Administrative Law 行政法Civil Law 民法Commercial Law, Mercantile Law 商法Law of Nations 万国公法International Law 国际法Fiscal Law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of Civil Law 民事诉讼法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典civil rights 民事权利，公民权利right of asylum 避难权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税court of first instance 一审法院(庭)criminal court 刑事法院(庭)civil court 民事法院(庭)regional court, Court of Appeal 地区法院Court of Cassation 上诉法院High Court 高级法院(美作: Supreme Court)International Court of Justice (联合国) 国际法院conciliation board in industrial disputes 劳工纠纷调解委员会arbitration tribunal, court of arbitration 仲裁法庭juvenile court 少年法庭court-martial 军事法庭Law Courts 法院，法庭National Audit Office 审计委员会(美作: Committee on Public Accounts) to fall within the competence of a court 属于法律管辖权限之内The Bar 律师席judge 法官presiding judge 庭长，首席法官legal adviser 法律顾问examining magistrate 地方预审法官judge in appeal 上诉法官juvenile court judge 少年法庭法官public prosecutor 公诉人，检察官(美作: district attorney)attorney general 首席检察官，检察长jury 陪审团juror 陪审员lawyer, solicitor 律师，法律顾问barrister 出庭律师(美作: attorney, lawyer)assistant lawyer 见习律师counsel for the defence 辩护律师，被告律师attorney 代诉人，代理人notary 公证人to plead, claim 辩护plea 辩护deposition, evidence 证词indictment, charge 公诉书，刑事起诉书count of indictment 起诉书中列举的罪项to plead guilty 服罪sworn statement 誓词on oath 发誓accuser 原告plaintiff 原告the opposing party, the other side 对方当事人accused, defendant 被告delinquent, offender 罪犯guilty party, culprit 有罪一方，当事人recidivist 惯犯accomplice 共犯complicity 同谋，共谋harbourer 窝藏(罪犯) (美作: harborer) criminal record 前科，犯罪记录proceedings (诉讼)程序inquiry 询问，调查hearing 审讯，审问summary 速审interrogatory, examination 讯问，质问hearing of witnesses 听证，听取证词domiciliary visit, house search 住宅搜查evidence, exhibits 证据alibi 不在犯罪现场summons 传票warrant for arrest 逮捕证responsibility, liability 责任on probation 缓刑release on bail 保释release on parole 假释to sue, to prosecute 起诉，提起公诉to witness 作证eyewitness 目击证人，目击者Word Buildingforemanfore-: before, earlier; front, in front offoreman 首席陪审员forehead前额foresee预见foretell预言forearm前臂forefather祖先forecast预测foresight远见foretaste先尝forefront最前方forerunner先驱foreword前言dishonestdis-: an opposite or negative; the stopping or removing of a conditiondisagree不同意discourage使气馁disappear消失dislike不喜欢displease使……不悦dissatisfy使……不满distasteful令人不快的Suffix: -ageExamples:“总称”，如: cellarage, baggage“地位、身份、状态”，如: baronage, bondage“动作”，如: breakage, passage“费用、租金”，如: cartage, postageparent n.parentageblock v. blockagebreak v.breakagecart n. cartagevagabond n.v.a.vagabondagevicar n.vicarageGrammarGerundDefinition:A noun in the form of the present participle of a verb.Example:I like shopping.Gerund as the subjectGerund as the object of a prepositionGerund as the object of a verb: admit, advise, allow, anticipate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, dread,encourage, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, can’t help, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, can’t stand, stop, suggest, understand, etc.Gerund as the attributive1. Keeping to myself was my way of not forming attachments that I would only have to abandonthe next time we moved. (Lesson 4, para. 3)Gerund as the subjectGerund as the object of the preposition “of”2. Do you mind his smoking? “his” used as the logical subject of the gerunda walking sticka reading roomThe gerund used as the attributive is different from a present participle in that the gerund describes the function.Lesson 6 Twelve Angry Men (Part Two)Word Studyacquittaln. an official statement in a court of law that someone is not guiltyExample:Of 52 prosecutions for police brutality, 46 ended in acquittals.v. acquit somebody of somethingThe judge directed the jury to acquit Phillips of the murder.avengev. to do something to hurt or punish someone because they have harmed or offended you Examples:The Trojans wish to avenge the death of Hector; their misplaced values mean thatpatience in adversity is impossible.Half a century later he has finally avenged that defeat.bearv. a. to bravely accept or deal with a painful, difficult, or upsetting situationb. to dislike something or someone very much, often so that they make you feel annoyed or impatientbear sb. grudgebear sth. in mindbear a resemblance /relation tobear armsbear fruitExamples:She was afraid she wouldn't be able to bear the pain.Overcrowding makes prison life even harder to bear.Oh, I really can't bear him.He can't bear spinach.blundern. a careless or stupid mistakecommit a blunder, make a blunderExamples:Major management blunders have led the company into bankruptcy.The parents face a nightmare week-long wait before blood tests show if there has been ahospital blunder.commonplacea. happening or existing in many places, and therefore not special or unusualExamples:Car thefts are commonplace in this part of town.Expensive foreign cars are commonplace in this Chicago suburb.injusticen. a situation in which people are treated very unfairly and not given their rightsExamples:The group, called the Wilmington 10, were active in protests against racial injustices inthe schools in the early 1970s.These injustices are intolerable, especially when the victims are children.intimidatev. to frighten or threaten someone into making them do what you wantExamples:They tried to intimidate the young people into voting for them.Attempts to intimidate her failed.lungev. to make a sudden strong movement towards someone or something, especially to attack them Examples:The goats lunged at each other with their horns.John lunged forward and grabbed him by the throat.objectv. to feel or say that you oppose or disapprove of somethingExamples:Robson strongly objected to the terms of the contract.I objected to having to rewrite the article.obscurev. a. to make something difficult to know or understandb. to prevent something from being seen or heard clearlyExamples:Recent successes have obscured the fact that the company is still in trouble.The view was obscured by mist.a. a. not well known and usually not very importantb. difficult to understandExamples:an obscure poet 无名的，不知名的The details of his life remain obscure. 含糊的，不清楚的He‟s using an obscure old law to try to stop the new road being built. 晦涩难懂的recreatev. to make something from the past exist again in a new form or be experienced again Examples:Evan often chimes in, so we work together to recreate the story.And we can share best practices so that every educator and employer does not have torecreate effective strategies from scratch.Arjelo's novel vividly recreates 15th-century Spain.stampv. a. to put your foot down onto the ground loudly and with a lot of forceb. to put a pattern, sign, or letters on something using a special toolc. to have an important or permanent effect on someone or somethingExamples:“I will not!” Bert yelled and stamped his foot.The woman at the desk stamped my passport.The experience remained stamped on her memory for many years.stickv. a. to attach something to something else using a substance, or to become attached to a surfaceb. if a pointed object sticks into something, or if you stick it there, it is pushed into itc. if you stick a part of your body somewhere, you put it in a position where other people can see itExamples:Someone had stuck posters all over the walls.pins stuck in a notice boardClara stuck her head around the door to see who was there.testifyv. a. to make a formal statement of what is true, especially in a court of lawb.to show clearly that something is the caseExamples:Mr. Molto has agreed to testify at the trial.Later, the witness who had testified against Muawad withdrew his allegation.The empty shops in the high street testify to the depth of the recession.The company's experience testifies to the difficulties of opening a business in a foreigncountry.testify at the court在法庭作证testify against sb.作出不利于······的证明testify to sth.证实testify that…证实，证明trotv. to walk or go somewhere, especially fairly quicklyn. a fairly slow way of running in which you take short regular stepsExamples:Dorothy arrived, with a little dog trotting along behind her.He locked the door and trotted down the stairs to my car.She broke into a trot (= started running slowly) and hurried on ahead of us.underhandad. if you throw a ball underhand, you throw it without moving your arm above your shoulder a. dishonest and done secretlyExamples:throw the ball underhand 下手投球They did it all in such an underhand way. 他们这么干真是阴险。
