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必修3Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars要点梳理高效梳理·知识备考●重点单词1．astronomy n．天文学→astronomer n．天文学家2．system n．系统；体系；制度3．theory n．学说；理论→theoretical adj.理论上的4．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的5．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地6．atmosphere n．大气层；气氛7．unlike prep.不同；不像→dislike vt.不喜欢8．presence n．出席；到场；存在→present adj. & n. & v．在场的；目前，现在；出席；颁发，授予9．harmful adj.有害的；伤害的→harm n．危害，害处→harmless adj.无害的10．exist vi.存在，生存→existence n．存在，生存11．puzzle n．谜；难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的12．gravity n．万有引力；重力13．satellite n．卫星；人造卫星14．climate n．气候15．spaceship n．宇宙飞船16．pull n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力17．float vi. & vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n．漂浮物18．mass n．质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众●重点短语1．in time 及时；终于2．lay eggs 下蛋3．give birth to产生；分娩4．in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着5．prevent...from 阻止；制止6．block out挡住(光线)7．cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋8．now that 既然9．break out突发；爆发10．watch out密切注视；当心；提防11．cool down 冷却12．as well as 也；还有……13．depend on依靠；依赖，取决于14．get close to 靠近●重点句型1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。
Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsPeriod 1 Grammar points.一．语法要点主语从句：在复合句中作主句的主语的从句叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的词有连词that, whether；连接代词who, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。
Eg: Which team will win the match is still unknown.主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因此一般把它放到句子后面，前面用引导词”it”来作主语。
Eg: It’s strange that he didn’t come yesterday.二．重点难点1．Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going to be different from other planets going round the sun.going round the sun 为现在分词短语定语，表示一般的动作。
Eg: Men breaking the law will be punished.现在分词短语，也可表示进行的动作2. Weather life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.for millions of years to come 中不定式to come 作定语，与前面的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。
Eg: She is the last person to tell lies.3．The problem was that the earth became violent because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.The problem was that …, that 引导表语从句，that 只起连接作用，无意义，但不能省略。
知识点Unit4 Astronomy：1. system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度；方法[典例]1). The solar system includes the sun and its eight planets.太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。
2) The housing problems is one of the main problems in our life. So the present system of housing needs to be improved.1). The ______ ______ (教育系统) operates very differently in the US and China.2). He introduced us a well-designed ______ ______ (铁路系统).Keys: 1). educational system / the system of education2). railway system2.circle1).名词n. [C]圆;圆圈;圆形的东西,环状物The students sit in a circle on the floor. 学生们在地板上坐成一圈。
2). There is a circle of flowers around the statue. 塑像周围鲜花环绕。
vt.画圆圈;圈出;围着Circle the correct answersvi.盘旋,旋转;环行Birds were circling overhead. 鸟儿在头顶上盘旋飞翔。
3. as 连词1)"当......时候", She sang a song as she walked.2)"因为"由于",引原状从，与because相近。
I must stop writing, as I have a lot of work to do. As you were out,I left a message.3) "正如"、"按照""像......一样"Run as l do. Leave the paper as they are.4) 随着As she grew older,she gained in confidence.As time goes by,……5) 表"尽管"、"虽然",常用于倒装句式,引让步状从。
【句型讲解】Unit 4 Astronomy重点句式精讲1.It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbondioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.它（地球）巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
“be+不定式”结构通常用来表示“按计划或安排要做的事情”，或表示上级对下级、父母对子女“下命令”The train is to arrive in Beijing at 10:25 am.这趟火车将于上午10：25到达北京。
You are to eat all your supper before you watch TV.你得吃完晚饭才能看电视。
Here is a message for you from your head teacher; you are to go to her office after class.你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。
2．That made it possible for life to begin to develop.那使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。
此句中的made后跟带形式宾it的复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式复合结构“for life to begin to develop”.宾语补足语是possible。
She made it her business to find out who was responsible.她非要弄清楚是谁的责任不可。
【提示】常用于此结构的动词还有think, feel, find, consider等。
Book3 Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars1 match, suit, fitmatch v.与…相配，和…调和。
指大小，色调，形状，性质等方面的搭配。
eg. The door was painted yellow to match the wall.suit: 指颜色，花样或款式等相配。
This coat doesn’t suit a woman at your age.fit: 指大小，尺寸上很合适。
These shoes fit me well.2 to begin with和to sta rt with以……开始eg.To begin/start with, I couldn’t understand every word.3 violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；violently adv.猛烈地；激烈地；violence n.猛烈；激烈；暴力；violent attack/ pain/ storm4 explode(1). （使某物）炸开，爆炸A bomb had exploded in the next street.邻街有一枚炸弹爆炸了。
（2）. （指感情）激发Simon exploded with anger.西蒙勃然大怒。
（3）. （指人口）突然或迅速增加The population explodes to 40,000 during the tourist season.旅游旺季的时候人口急剧增加到四万。
explosion n. 爆炸（声）explosive adj.爆炸性的，易爆炸的5 in time: sooner or later; eventually 迟早；最后；终于（1）Firemen reached the house on fire in time.消防队员及时赶到那幢失火的房子。
（2）I’ll see him in time.总有一天我会遇见他。
Unit 4 Astronomy ：the science of the stars ——天文学：恒星科学1. exist vi. 存在，生存①Several people believe the Devil exists in the world. 少数人认为世界上存在恶魔。
②She existed only on milk. 她只靠牛奶生存。
③This new country came into existence in 1951. 这个新国家于1951年成立。
④There exists a lake on the top of the mountain. 山顶上有一个湖。
[运用提升]________a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.A. It existedB. There existedC. There hadD. It had2. puzzle n. 谜；难题 vt. & vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难①Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 他们为什么这样做对我来说仍是个谜。
②I've been sitting here puzzling about what to do. 我一直坐在这里苦苦思索该怎么办。
③Mary read the letter with a puzzled expression on her face. 玛丽读信时面带困惑的表情She managed to ________ the meaning of that long sentence.A ．puzzleB ．figureC ．puzzle outD ．figure to3. pull n. & vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力[归纳拓展]pull apart 拆散；拆开 pull away (汽车等)开走 pull down 拆毁；摧毁pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠 pull out 驶出；退出 pull through 康复；痊愈 ① They are pulling_down_those_houses to make room for a new hotel.\为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房屋。
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Language pointsDesigned by Liu Zhenhai1 .think about 思考考虑2.solar adj. 太阳的阳历lunar adj. 阴历的3. system n.①(c) 制度体制a system of government 政体②（c）办法方式I prefer this system of teaching English.③（u）条理规律His father works with system.④体系系统 a system of law4.circle n. (c)①圆圈环状物The students sit in a circle on the floor.②循环周期 a vicious circle③（天体运行的）轨道Vt. ①画圆圈圈出Circle the correct answer.②环绕。
移动（运转）vi.盘旋环形Birds were circling overhead.5. match n.(c) ①比赛竞赛Our side beat the other in the match.②对手③火柴 strike a match④婚姻⑤相似之物相配之物The chairs and the desk are a good match.Vt.敌得过比得上No one can match Tom.6. astronomy 天文学7. religion n.①（u）宗教宗教信仰②（c）宗教团体1.as 引导状语从句时间状语从句“一边…一边”I read the letter as I walked along the river.方式状语从句Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗原因状语从句As it rained, I stayed at home.让步状语从句Young as he is, he knows a lot. 部分倒装n/adj/adv/do + as + 其他部分Child as he is, he knows much..Try as we did, we failed again.2.according to 根据…按照…依照…According to the TV, it will be fine tomorrow.I will do it according to your instructions.3.theory n.① (c)学说理论 the theory of evolution 进化论②推测看法My theory is that we will have a cold winter this year。
【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars（一）重点单词（二）重点短语（三）重（难）点句型二、知识精讲（一）重点单词1. system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度systematic adj.He created a new system of teaching foreign languages.他创造了一种新的外语教学体系。
The new system has had a disastrous effect on productivity.新制度对生产率产生了灾难性的影响。
Too much alcohol is bad for the system.过量饮酒对身体有害。
theory n.学说；理论theoretic adj.There are many theories about the origin of life.关于生命起源的学说有很多。
In this way they can better apply theory to practice.这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。
Your plan sounds fine in theory it doesn’t work in practice.你的计划在理论上听起来不错，但在实践中无法实施。
2. violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；粗暴的violence n.They are launching a violent attack on the enemy.他们对敌人展开了猛烈的进攻。
The class was shocked by his violent language.全班同学对他激烈的言辞感到震惊。
Children should not be allowed to watch violent movies.不应允许儿童看暴力电影。
The young man was charged with robbery with violence.这个年轻人被控暴力抢劫。
Unit 4 Astronomy 语言点目标认知重点词汇：explode，escape，depend，encourage，violent，presence，allow，lay，exist，remain，prevent，force，pull，cheer，exhaust，warn，possible，puzzle重点短语：in one’s turn，in time，a bit of，break out，now that，watch out for重点句型：“be to+动词原形”的用法it作形式宾语whether的用法知识讲解重点词汇【高清课堂：403623 Astronomy 探秘天文学精讲词汇】explode【原句回放】It exploded loudly with fire and rock.【点拨】explode (v.) 爆炸，爆发(1) explode with anger勃然大怒explode into laughter放声大笑the exploding world population迅速增长的世界人口(2) explosion (n.)爆炸explosive (adj.) 易爆的(n.) 爆炸物；炸药；迸发(感情)；(人口等)突增完成句子(1)Two bombs ________ (爆炸) in front of the park gate，causing two deaths.(2)Suddenly Charles _______________________ (勃然大怒)．(3)There will be no standing room on the earth _______________________________________ (由于激增的世界人口)．Keys: (1) exploded (2) exploded with anger (3) exploding world populationescape【原句回放】They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevent heat from escaping from the earth into space.【点拨】escape v. 逃跑，逃避n. 逃脱常用结构：escape from... 从……逃走escape sth. 逃避某事escape doing sth. (不能接to do形式)逃避做某事sth. escape sb./sb.’s attention/sb.’s notice某物没引起某人的注意；某人没记住某物翻译句子(1)这个男孩逃过了处罚，真幸运。
一、重点单词1.harmful:adj有害的be harmful to sb/sth对某人/某物有害harm:vt/n伤害harm sb/sth伤害......do/cause sb harm=do/cause harm to sb对某人有害There is no harm in doing sth.做某事没有坏处It does no harm to do sth. 做某事没有坏处2.exist:vi存在sth exist存在......There exists...存在，某地有exist in...存在于.......之中 exist on...靠......为生existence:n存在，生存come into existence: vi产生，成立，开始存在bring...into existence使产生使存在3.puzzle:vt使迷惑，使为难sbvi对......苦苦思索，冥想苦思puzzle about/overn谜，难题，猜谜，迷惑，困惑的事情a puzzle to sb一件让某人感到困惑的事情 a word puzzle字谜 in a puzzle迷惑地，困惑地puzzled:adj迷惑不解的，困惑的be puzzled about/by...对......感到困惑puzzling:adj令人迷惑的，令人困惑的5.fundamental:adj根本的，基本的，必不可少的，基础的be fundamental to...是......的基础a fundamental skill基本的技能6.pull:v拉，拖 n牵引力pull down拆毁，摧毁pull in（车辆）进站停靠，靠边停靠pull out驶出，拉出，拔出pull through康复，痊愈pull up（使）停住pull away后退pull over将车辆在路边停住pull into进站7.unlike:prep不像 like:prep像like:v喜欢 dislike:v不喜欢likely:adj可能的 unlikely:adj.不可能 sb/sth be likely to do sth It is likely that...alke:adj相像的1.gentle gently; exhaust sb exhausting exhausted二、重点短语1.in time及时，迟早，终于，总有一天，最终in time for... in time to do sthon time按时In no time立刻，马上at no time决不at a time一次，每次at one time曾经，一度（过去式）at the same time同时from time to time有时，偶尔take one’s time别着急，慢慢来to do sthkill time消磨时间at times有时from time to time有时2.in one’s turn轮到某人，接着in turn依次，轮流，反之，反过来by turns轮流，交替地take turns to do sth， take turns in doing sth轮流做某事It’s one’s turn to do sth轮到某人做某事turn on/off/up/down/out/in/around/overturn up出现，调大，向上翻turn down拒绝，减小turn in上交，归还，告发turn out结果是，关掉turn over移交给，翻转，翻身，翻过turn on打开turn off关掉turn to转向，求助于，致力于，翻到，查阅turn back往回走，翻回到turn against转而反对turnover营业额，流通量3.cheer up（使）高兴，（使）振奋，感到高兴，感到振奋cheer up cheer sb upcheer sb on以喝彩声鼓励，为某人加油cheer for为......而欢呼cheers!干杯！y eggs下蛋lay sb off解雇lay sth down放下，制定lay aside储蓄，留存，把.....搁置一边lay out布置，设计，安排lay emphasis on强调lie down躺下 lie in在于，位于5.prevent...from... stop/protect/defend/keep/preserve...from...6.block out挡住（光线） block off封闭，封锁7.because since as now that (in) that for+句子because of as a result of on account of due to thanks to owing to+n/pron/doing sth8.watch out for密切注意，当心 watch out当心watch over照顾，监督 be under a close watch9.break out/up/in/through/off/down/away frombreak up:打碎，分裂country，marriage破裂，解散，结束，分手with sb，散开break down:出故障，（讨论，关系）失败，垮掉，分解，瘫痪（系统）;失控痛苦，破除（障碍，偏见等）break in:破门而入（vi）打断（谈话）break into:破门而入(vt)突然起来break out:爆发，发生（vi）break away from脱离，摆脱break off折断，脱落，突然停止，终止（关系），暂停break through突破三、重点句型1.倍数表达法A is three times 比较级 than Bas + 原级 as Bthe +度量词 of Bwhat + B isthat of B2.一般将来时：will do:单纯的将来事实be going to do sth:打算和预测be to do sth:计划或安排即将发生的动作，也可表示命令，禁止，义务或可能性be about to do:即将，经常搭配when连用be doing:按计划或安排要发生的事情，do表示来去之类的趋向性动词does:按规定或时间表预计要发生的事3.make/find/think/feel/consider it + adj/n to do sth四、补充1.explain to sb sth/that...Explain sth to sb.Explanation:n.2.space翻译成太空，是零冠词3.be amazed/surprised by/at sthbe amazed to do sth/that...。
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars一、刷黑板——词汇全听写(先过识记默写关)Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写] 1．astronomy n．天文学2．astronomer n. 天文学家3．solar adj.太阳的；日光的4．billion pron.&n.& adj.〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿5．carbon n. 碳6．dissolve v t.& v i.溶解；解散7．acid n. 酸[第二屏听写]8．mammal n．哺乳动物9．dioxide n. 二氧化物10．extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的11．lessen v i.& v t.减少；减轻12．weightlessly ad v. 失重地13．solar system 太阳系14．carbon dioxide 二氧化碳_[第三屏听写]Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)1．system n．系统；体系；制度2．religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰3．theory n. 学说；理论4．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的5．atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛6．unlike prep. 与……不同；不像7．fundamental adj.基本的；基础的[第四屏听写]8．presence n．出席；到场；存在9．harmful adj.有害的10．chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链11．reaction n. 反应；回应12．multiply v i.& v t.乘；增加13．oxygen n. 氧14．exist v i.存在；生存15．thus ad v. 因此；于是[第五屏听写]16．puzzle n．谜；难题v t.& v i.(使)迷惑；(使)为难17．biology n. 生物学18．biologist n. 生物学家19．gravity n. 万有引力；重力20．satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星21．gentle adj.温和的；文雅的[第六屏听写] 22．physicist n．物理学家23．climate n. 气候24．crash v i.& v t.碰撞；坠落25．spaceship n. 宇宙飞船26．pull n．& v t.拉(力)；拖；牵引力27．float v i.& v t.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物[第七屏听写]28．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球29．exhaust v t.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽30．in_time 及时；终于31．lay_eggs 下蛋32．give_birth_to 产生；分娩33．in_one's_turn 轮到某人34．prevent_..._from 阻止；制止[第八屏听写]35．block_out挡住(光线)36．cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋37．now_that 既然38．break_out 突发；爆发39．watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防40．get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解二、刷清单——热身自盘点(再过基本应用关) (一)核心单词(二)常用短语同特征一、过重点单词——纵引横联超人一点1．harmful adj.有害的[教材原句]What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
