2010年英语四级阅读预测题

2010年12月英语四级考试模拟试题及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Online Education. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 目前网络教育形成热潮2. 我认为形成这股热潮的原因是……3. 我对网络教育的评价Online EducationPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The World in a Glass: Six Drinks That Changed HistoryTom Standage urges drinkers to savor the history of their favorite beverages along with the taste.The author of A History of the World in 6 Glasses (Walker & Company, June 2005), Standage lauds the libations that have helped shape our world from the Stone Age to the present day."The important drinks are still drinks that we enjoy today," said Standage, a technology editor at the London-based magazine the Economist. "They are relics (纪念物)of different historical periods still found in our kitchens."Take the six-pack, whose contents first fizzed at the dawn of civilization.BeerThe ancient Sumerians, who built advanced city-states in the area of present-day lraq, began fermenting(发酵)beer from barley at least 6,000 years ago."When people started agriculture the first crops they produced were barley or wheat. You consume those crops as bread and as beer," Standage noted. "It’s the drink associated with the dawn of civilization. It’s as simple as that."Beer was popular with the masses from the beginning."Beer would have been something that a common person could have had in the house and made whenever they wanted," said Linda Bisson, a microbiologist at the Department of Viticulture and Enology at the University of California, Davis."The guys who built the pyramids were paid in beer and bread," Standage added. "It was the defining drink of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Everybody drank it. Today it’s the drink of the working man, and it was then as well."WineWine may be as old or older than beer—though no one can be certain.Paleolithic humans probably sampled the first "wine" as the juice of naturally fermented wild grapes. But producing and storing wine proved difficult for early cultures."To make wine you have to have fresh grapes," said Bisson, the UC Davis microbiologist. "for beer you can just store grain and add water to process it at any time."Making wine also demanded pottery that could preserve the precious liquid."Wine may be easier to make [than beer], but it’s harder to store," Bisson added. "For most ancient cultures it would have been hard to catch [fermenting grape juice] as wine on its way to [becoming] vinegar."Such caveats and the expense of producing wine helped the beverage quickly gain more cachet(威望)than beer. Wine was originally associated with social elites and religious activities.Wine snobbery may be nearly as old as wine itself. Greeks and Romans produced many grades of wine for various social classes.The quest for quality became an economic engine and later drove cultural expansion."Once you had regions [like Greece and Rome] that could distinguish themselves as making good stuff, it gave them an economic boost," Bisson said. "Beer just wasn’t as special."SpiritsHard liquor, particularly brandy and rum, placated (安抚)sailors during the long sea voyagesof the Age of Exploration, when European powers plied the seas during the 15th, 16th, and early17th centuries.Rum played a crucial part of the triangular trade between Britain, Africa, and the North American colonies that once dominated the Atlantic economy.Standage also suggests that rum may have been more responsible than tea for the independence movement in Britain’s American colonies."Distilling molasses for rum was very important to the New England economy," he explained. "When the British tried to tax molasses it struck at the heart of the economy. The idea of ’no taxation without representation’originated with molasses and sugar. Only at the end did it referto tea."Great Britain’s longtime superiority at sea may also owe a debt to its navy’s drink of rum-based choice, grog(掺水烈酒),which was made a compulsory beverage for sailors in the late18th century."They would make grog with rum, water, and lemon or lime juice," Standage said. "This improved the taste but also reduced illness and scurvy. Fleet physicians thought that this had doubled the efficiency of the fleet."CoffeeThe story of modern coffee starts in the Arabian Peninsula, where roasted beans were first brewed around A.D. 1000. Sometime around the 15th century, coffee spread throughout the Arab world."In the Arab world, coffee rose as an alternative to alcohol, and coffeehouses as alternativesto taverns(酒馆)—both of which are banned by Islam," Standage said.When coffee arrived in Europe it was similarly hailed as an "anti-alcohol" that was quite welcome during the Age of Reason in the 18th century."Just at the point when the Enlightenment is getting going, here’s a drink that sharpens the mind," Standage said. "The coffeehouse is the perfect venue(聚会地点)to get together and exchange ideas and information. The French Revolution started in a coffeehouse."声明：本资料由听力课堂网站收集整理，仅供英语爱好者学习使用，资料版权属于原作者。

2010年全国公共英语四级考试(pets4)专家命题预测试卷(2)总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：140分听力1填空题(1)根据下列材料请回答{TSE}题：(2)请在（2）处填上最佳答案。

(3)请在（3）处填上最佳答案。

(4)请在（4）处填上最佳答案。

(5)请在（5）处填上最佳答案。

(6)For Questions {TSE} ,you will hear a conversation made at the travel agency. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(7)第2题的答案是：_____(8)第3题的答案是：_____(9)第4题的答案是：_____(10)第5题的答案是：_____听力1选择题(1)下面，请回答{TSE}题。

(2)When did Einstein' s family move to Munich?(3)When did Einstein begin teaching?(4)How did Einstein explain Relativity to young students?(5){TSE}What must you make sure when you load the cassette?(6)What may the red thing do besides recording?(7)What button do you press if you want to listen again what has been played?(8)下面，请回答{TSE}题。

2010年12月英语四级考试全真预测试卷(1)Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Scientists Weigh Options for Rebuilding New OrleansAs experts ponder how best to rebuild the devastated (毁坏)city，one question is whether to wall off—or work with—the water.Even before the death toll from Hurricane Katrina is tallied，scientists are cautiously beginning to discuss the future of New Orleans. Few seem to doubt that this vital heart of U.S. commerce and culture will be restored，but exactly how to rebuild the city and its defenses to avoid a repeat catastrophe is an open question. Plans for improving its levees and restoring the barrier of wetlands around New Orleans have been on the table since 1998，but federal dollars needed to implement them never arrived. After the tragedy，that‘s bound to change，says John Day，an ecologist at Louisiana State University (LSU) in Baton Rouge. And if there is an upside to the disaster，he says，it’s that ‘now we’ve got a clean slate to start from.“Many are looking for guidance to the Netherlands，a country that，just like bowl-shaped New Orleans，sits mostly below sea level，keeping the water at bay with a construction of amazing scale and complexity. Others，pointing to Venice‘s long-standing adaptations，say it’s best to let water flow through the city，depositing sediment to offset geologic subsidence—a model that would require a radical rethinking of architecture. Another idea is to let nature help by restoring the wetland buffers between sea and city.But before the options can be weighed，several unknowns will have to be addressed. One is precisely how the current defenses failed. To answer that，LSU coastal scientists Paul Kemp and Hassan Mashriqui are picking their way through the destroyed city and surrounding region，reconstructing the size of water surges by measuring telltale marks left on the sides of buildings and highway structures. They are feeding these data into a simulation of the wind and water around New Orleans during its ordeal.”We can‘t say for sure until this job is done，“says Day，”but the emerging picture is exactly what we’ve predicted for years.“Namely，several canals—including the MRGO，which was built to speed shipping in the 1960s—have the combined effect of funneling surges from the Gulf of Mexico right to the city‘s eastern levees and the lake system to the north. Those surges are to blame for the flooding. ”One of the first things we’ll see done is the complete backfilling of the MRGO canal，“predicts Day，”which could tak e a couple of years.“The levees，which have been provisionally repaired，will be shored up further in the months to come，although their long-term fate is unclear. Better levees would probably have prevented most of the flooding in the city center. To provide further protection，a mobile dam system，much like a storm surge barrier in the Netherlands，could be used to close off the mouth of Lake Pontchartrain. But most experts agree that these are short-term fixes.The basic problem for New Orleans and the Louisiana coastline is that the entire Mississippi River delta is subsiding and eroding，plunging the city deeper below sea level and removing a thick cushion of wetlands that once buffered the coastline from wind and waves. Part of the subsidence is geologic and unavoidable，but the rest stems from the levees that have hemmed in the Mississippi all the way to its mouth for nearly a century to prevent floods and facilitate shipping. As a result，river sediment is no longer spread across the delta but dumped into the Gulf of Mexico. Without a constant stream of fresh sediment，the barrier islands and marshes are disappearing rapidly，with a quarter，roughly the size of Rhode Island，already gone.After years of political wrangling， a broad group pulled together by the Louisiana government in 1998 proposed a massive $14 billion plan to save the Louisiana coasts，called Coast 2050 (now modified into a plan called the Louisiana Coastal Area project)。

大家网 1 / 3更多精品在大家！ 大家网，大家的！2010年6月大学英语四级考试全真预测(五)写作Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Colleges Have Opened Their Doors Wider. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1.高校扩招是一件好事。

2.高校扩招会带来一些问题。

3.我的观点。

【写作思路】本文要求写关于高校扩招的议论文，阐述出高校扩招的好处以及带来的问题，并说出你对高校扩招这件事的看法。

【参考范文】Colleges Have Opened Their Doors WiderColleges have opened their doors wider in recent years because the student population has increased enormously from 4 million to more than 7 million in less than six years since 1997. Is this a good thing?Some argue that the enrollment increase will benefit individuals and the society as well. It allows more students to pursue higher educations and state loans enable children from poor families to complete their education at universities and colleges. This may in turn contribute to helping them to eliminate poverty for the society.Others express concerns over the rapid expansion. They are afraid that some problems may arise from it, for example, the problem of employment. A lot more graduates may have great trouble in finding a job after graduation, which will lead to a social problem.In my opinion, the former view is more reasonable. Admittedly, a rapid increase of graduates seemingly places a heavy burden on the society. However, on second thoughts, we find that it is due to the rapid expansion that, to a great extent, we can delay the approach of the upcoming employment wave. Moreover, just as property and wealth once were keys to success, education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society and an element that most ensures success in life and eliminates poverty. In this sense, I am convinced that the admission expansion is very instrumental.阅读理解Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train (驯服) it. Obedience training doesn't solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training pens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple2/32010年6月大学英语四级考试全真预测(五).doc 大家网，大家的！更多精品在大家！request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack (群) by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从属的) role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.62. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to.A.be just part of their natureB.worsen in modern societyC.occur when they go wildD.present a threat to the community63. The primary purpose of obedience training is to.A.teach the dog to perform clever tricksB.make the dog aware of its owner's authorityC.provide the dog with outlets for its wild behaviorD.enable the dog to regain its normal behavior64. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is.A.essential to solving the dog's behavior problemsB.the foundation for dogs to perform tasksC.a good way to teach the dog new tricksD.an extreme measure in obedience training65. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?A.To avoid being punished.B.To show their affection for their masters.C.To win leadership of the dog pack.D.To show their willingness to obey.66. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner.A.can give the dog more rewardsB.will enjoy a better family lifeC.can give the dog more freedomD.will have more confidence in himself【全文翻译】狗是一种社会性的动物，如果得不到适当的训练，它们的行为表现就会像野生动物一样。

2010年6月大学英语六级考试全真预测试卷三Model Test ThreePart I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Overseas Study at an Early Age. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 目前很多父母在子女高中毕业前就送他们出国学习2. 形成这种趋势的原因3. 我对此的看法Overseas Study at an Early AgePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For question 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Next Disaster: Are We Ready?Are We Really Prepared?After the attacks on September 11 and the hurricanes that slammed the Gulf Coast last year, you'd expect our major cities to be ready with disaster plans that will save lives and property. There's no doubt we'll be hit again—maybe even harder—because the list of possible calamities(灾难)is long: from a bird flu pandemic to a massive California earthquake, to more monster storms, to another terrorist attack.But are we really prepared to protect people, as well as their homes and businesses? Every major urban area has received federal funding, much of it from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), in order to make their cities more secure. But there are no set criteria for measuring preparedness (the feds are working on that), and the quality of disaster plans varies widely throughout the country.So we decided to do an independent assessment of 10 high-risk urban areas, focusing on key security indicators. We analyzed public data, consulted with federal and local emergency workers, and contacted the mayors' offices to gauge(测量)the readiness of these cities to meet both natural and man-made disasters.Our criteria fell under three main categories: Emergency Readiness, Crisis Communications, and Medical Response.Emergency ReadinessAre there at least 1,000 first responders (such as police, fire and EMTs) per 100,000 residents? They're our first line of protection in almost any disaster situation—professionals who are trained to handle everything from rescuing victims to providing first aid, to enforcing quarantines(封锁), to directing traffic for evacuations(疏散).Are there federal search-and-rescue teams based within 50 miles? Large cities often have specialized teams to deal with such things as high-rise-building rescues or hazardous chemical spills. But these squads aresometimes small, ill-equipped, or run on a shoestring. This is not true of federal urban search-and-rescue task forces that the DHS supports across the country. Each task force is made of 62 members and 4 canines, as well as a "comprehensive cache" of equipment. DHS task forces are not automatically assigned; a city needs to apply and present its case.Has the city or state earned "green status" from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention? Suppose that in the midst of a flu pandemic or bio terror attack, your city ran low on critical medicines. The CDC stands ready to help by distributing drugs and medical equipment from its Strategic National Stockpile. But the agency wants to know that a city or state is able to quickly mobilize hundreds of health workers and volunteers trained to handle the logistics, and has space set aside for storage and refrigeration. You're best off if your city has earned the CDC's "green status"—even if the state itself has not—because it means local health teams can handle the supplies on their own.Does the city website explain clearly what to do in case of evacuation? Who can forget the images of stranded New Orleans residents, or the 5-mph crawl out of Houston? It turned out that New Orleans's evacuation plans were both inadequate and poorly communicated. One way cities can avoid a similar nightmare is to put clear and easy-to-find evacuation information on their websites. Some cities, such as Boston and Washington, post the preferred street routes. Others, like Las Vegas, won't disclose details due to security fears, but their websites may provide ways to quickly get evacuation details when you need them (such as numbers to call or alert services you can sign up for). Among the more important things to address are people without vehicles of their own (a huge failing in New Orleans) and instructions for pet owners.Does the website include details for residents with special needs? In July 1995, a vicious heat wave killed nearly 500 people in Chicago; a disproportionate number of them were older residents who lived alone. In any crisis, the elderly and disabled can be uniquely vulnerable. That's why cities such as Houston are creatingregistries of residents who would need special help. Such lists would indicate, for instance, that a certain person in a certain apartment building is wheel-chair-bound. Other cities are instructing people with disabilities to call 911 for assistance—though this relies on phone systems that could be overloaded or go dead. If a city's disaster planning shows no awareness of special-needs people, it isn't complete.Crisis CommunicationsCan first responders—police, fire and medical—talk to one another? On September 11, firefighters died inside the World Trade Center because they could not make contact with police helicopters trying to radio warnings. Incompatible communications is a country-wide problem, and converting or replacing decades-old radio systems can be a long, expensive process. Cities have gotten a big boost if they've taken part in RapidCom, a DHS program providing technical assistance and training that speeds up the transition.Has the city adopted E911? Many cities have upgraded their 911 call centers in recent years, but they're even better prepared if they've incorporated "E911" (or "enhanced 911"). This technology enables emergency operators to identify the precise location of cell-phone callers through GPS systems. If you wind up stranded in floodwaters, E911 could save your life.Does the city provide 24-hour emergency alerts? What if an evacuation order goes out, but it's 3 a.m. and you're sound asleep? Not a problem if your city has a way of alerting you at any time of day. Some rely on street sirens(警报器)to do the trick. Others have used their websites to invite residents to sign up for e-mail notifications or automated phone calls in an emergency.Medical ResponseAre there at least 500 hospital beds for every 100,000 residents? Getting to victims quickly is a critical first step. But you'd better have a place to take them for treatment. A reasonable standard, according to preparednessexperts, is 500 hospital beds for every 100,000 people—a ratio that would likely mean a city could find enough spare beds in an emergency. Of course, beds alone won't s help a massive number of burn victims or people suffering from chemical exposure unless the hospital is prepared to treat them. But all the cities in our survey have specialty units in their hospitals that can handle such cases.Are local teams trained to respond quickly and work together? If and urban area was targeted by weapons of mass destruction, city health officials couldn't just wait for federal help to arrive. First responders and hospital would need to react right away. They could also need medical volunteers—say, to help vaccinate people or distribute medicines and supplies. How to ensure that all these professionals and volunteers work together as seamlessly as possible? If a city is part of DHS's Metropolitan Medical Response System, it has obtained federal assistance in developing plans, and has received critical training and equipment.Are there labs nearby that specialize in biological and chemical threats? The CDC is on the cutting edge with its Laboratory Response Network—integrated labs nationwide that have the equipment and expertise to quickly identify pathogens and toxic chemicals. An LRN lab in Florida was the first to detect anthrax(炭疽热)in terrorist mailings in 2001. Laboratories can be members only if they have highly trained staff and exceptional facilities, as well as track record of testing accuracy. A handful of LRN labs qualify as "Level 1", meaning they can test for chemical poisons such as mustard and nerve agents.1. A bird flu, a massive earthquake, a monster storm and a terrorist attack are all threats to major cities in the U.S.2. The author does an assessment of all high-risk urban areas in the U.S.3. Policemen, firemen and emergency doctors all can be called first responders.4. Each federal urban search-and-rescue task force is made up of at least 60 members.5. If a city has earned the CDC's green status "green status", it means that its local health teams can________ on their own.6. You can get evacuation details through the ways provided by the website of Las Vegas though it doesn't disclose the details due to ________.7. Incompatible communications is a country-wide problem in the U.S. because of the ________ which should be converted or replaced.8. Emergency operators can identify the precise location of cell-phone callers through GPS systems with the use of ________.9. According to preparedness experts, if a city has at least 500 hospital beds for every 100,000 residents, it could find ________ in an emergency.10. As a part of DHS's Metropolitan Medical Response System, a city can obtain ________ in developing plans.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked. [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.11. [A] $80. [B] $60. [C] $90. [D] $15.12. [A] He loves his present work. [B] He is going to open a store.[C] He is about to retire. [D] He works in a repair shop.13. [A] Mary is going to Hawaii. [B] Mary has been to many countries.[C] Mary likes postcards. [D] Mary is traveling on business.14. [A] To save the money for a long time.[B] To buy a new car.[C] To purchase a used car.[D] To get a second car.15. [A] Delivery service manager and driver.[B] Teacher and student.[C] Lawyer and client.[D] Doctor and patient.16. [A] New shopping centers are very common.[B] The shopping center is very old.[C] The city needs more shopping centers.[D] The old house should be turned into stores.17. [A] They are having a party. [B] They are playing the piano.[C] Someone else is having a party. [D] Someone else is funny.18. [A] She was hurt by the man. [B] She lost her temper.[C] She didn't speak to her husband. [D] She missed the dinner party. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] Computer sales negotiations.[B] A preliminary interview.[C] An Internet seminar meeting.[D] Computer games.20. [A] He managed the sales department.[B] He gave seminars on the Internet.[C] He worked as a custodian.[D] He designed software.21. [A] A web page authoring program.[B] A kind of beverage.[C] A computer game.[D] A kind of software.22. [A] She will call Mr. Taylor in the next few days.[B] She will talk over their discussion with others.[C] She will ask her colleagues to call Mr. Taylor.[D] She will not contact him for further consideration.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] Raising money. [B] Gathering support from others.[C] Giving speeches. [D] Choosing the official candidate for each political party.24. [A] Interviews. [B] Television ads.[C] Playing with children [D] Speeches.25. [A] There are several small parties in the U.S.[B] There are only two parties in the U.S.[C] The most powerful party in the U.S. is the Democrats.[D] The most powerful party in the U.S. is the Republicans.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] British. [B] Americans. [C] Germans. [D] Japanese.27. [A] Entirely effective. [B] Totally incorrect.[C] A complete failure. [D] Quite difficult.28. [A] Have a greater sense of duty.[B] Can get higher pay.[C] Can avoid working hard.[D] Can avoid busy traffic.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] A housewife. [B] A singer. [C] A teacher. [D] A musician.30. [A] The violin was too heavy for her.[B] She was too young to play the violin.[C] The violin was too expensive.[D] Her mother wanted her to play the piano.31. [A] To play the violin on a concert.[B] To go to New York City.[C] To apply for a scholarship.[D] To have her performance taped32. [A] In 1928. [B] In 1982. [C] In 1980. [D] In 1920. Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] Winter in Alaska.[B] The brave Alaskan people.[C] Alaskan transportation today.[D] A dog sled race.34. [A] Every year in March. [B] Every other year.[C] From two to three weeks. [D] The winter of 1925.35. [A] Winning. [B] Finding gold. [C] Just to finish. [D] Being able to participate.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Many workers depend on plans (36) ________ by their employers to help pay for their retirement. There are two major kinds of retirement plans. One is defined by what is paid out, the other by what is paid in.The first is called a defined (37) ________ plan, or pension. It provides set (38) ________ based on the number of years an (39) ________ has worked. These plans often pay for health care and other costs. They might also provide money to family members when the (40) ________ dies.Pensions, however, can be a big cost to employers. In the United States, the change from a (41) ________ economy to a service economy has resulted in fewer and fewer (42) ________ plans.The other major kind of retirement plan is called a defined (43) ________ plan. Two things define how much a worker will get at retirement. (44) ________________________.One popular version is a four-oh-one-k plan, named after a part of the tax law. (45)________________________.But some plans are very complex. An easier way for small employers to offer retirement savings is through a Savings Incentive Match Plan. (46) ________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.By the mind-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns(酒馆), and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, andone-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern fridge, had been invented.Making an efficient icebox as not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary(未发展的). The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.But as early as 1803, and ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.47. What is the topic of the passage?48. Where was ice used after the Civil War?49. What was essential to a science of refrigeration according to the passage?50. It can be inferred from the passage that the theoretical foundation of ice box should be that ________.51. Without an ice box, farmers had to go to the market at night because ________.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 66 are based on the following passage.Racket, din clamor, noise. Whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is America's most widespread nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present danger to people's health. Dayand night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. No one is immune to this stress. Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it, the ear, in fact, never closes and the body still responds—sometimes with extreme tension, as to a strange sound in the night.The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward symptom of the stress building up inside us. Indeed, because irritability is so apparent, legislators have made public annoyance the basis of many noise abatement(消除) programs. The more subtle and more serious health hazards associated with stress caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention. Nevertheless, when we are annoyed or made irritable by noise, we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other things may be happening to us, some of which may be damaging to our health.Of the many health hazards related to noise, hearing loss is the most clearly observable and measurable by health professionals. The other hazards are harder to pin down. For many of us, there may be a risk that exposure to the stress of noise increases susceptibility to disease and infection. The more susceptible among us may experience noise as a complicating factor in heart problems and other diseases. Noise that causes annoyance and irritability in healthy persons may have serious consequences for those already ill in mind or body.Noise affects us throughout our lives. For example, there are indications of effects on the unborn child when mothers are exposed to industrial and environmental noise. During infancy and childhood, youngsters exposed to high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary amounts of rest.why, then, is there not greater alarm about these dangers? Perhaps it is because the link between noise and many disabilities or diseases has not vet been conclusively demonstrated. Perhaps it is because we tend to dismiss annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world. It may also be because we still think of hearing loss as only an occupational hazard.52. The phrase "immune to" (Line 3, Para. 1) are used to mean ________.[A] unaffected by [B] hurt by[C] unlikely to be seen by [D] unknown by53. The author's attitude toward noise would best be described as ________.[A] unrealistic [B] traditional [C] concerned [D] hysterical54. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?[A] Noise is a major problem; most people recognize its importance.[B] Although noise can be annoying, it is not a major problem.[C] Noise is a major problem and has not yet been recognized as such.[D] Noise is a major problem about which nothing can be done.55. The author condemns noise essentially because it ________.[A] is against the law [B] can make some people irritable[C] is a nuisance [D] is a danger to people's health56. The author would probably consider research about the effects noise has on people to be ________.[A] unimportant [B] impossible[C] a waste of money [D] essentialPassage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Freshwater life itself has never come easy in the Middle East. Ever since The Old Testament(旧约全书), God punished man with 40 days and 40 nights of rain. Water supplies here have been dwindling. The rainfall only comes in winter and drains quickly through the semiarid land, leaving the soil to bake and to thirst for next November.The region's accelerating population, expanding agriculture, industrialization, and higher living standards demand more freshwater. Drought and pollution limit its a availability. War and mismanagement waste it. Said Joyce Starr of the Global Water Summit Initiative, based in Washington, D.C. "Nations like Israel and Jordan are swiftly sliding into that zone where they are suing all the water resources available to them. They have only 15 to20 years left before their agriculture, and ultimately their food security, is threatened."I came here to examine this crisis in the making, to investigate fears that "water wars" are imminent, that water has replaced oil as the region's most contentious commodity. For more than two months I traveled through three river valleys and seven nations—from southern Turkey down the Euphrates River to Syria, Iraq, and on to Kuwait; to Israel and Jordan, neighbors across the valley of the Jordan; to the timeless Egyptian Nile.Even amid the scarcity there are haves and have-nots. compared with the United States, which in 1990 had freshwater potential of 10,000 cubic meters (2.6 million gallons) a year for each citizen, Iraq had 5,500, Turkey had 4,000, and Syria had more than 2,800. Egypt's potential was only 1,100. Israel had 460. Jordan had a meager 260. But these are not firm figures, because upstream use of river water can dramatically alter the potential downstream.Scarcity is only one element of the crisis. Inefficiency is another, as is the reluctance of some water-poor nations to change priorities from agriculture to less water-intensive enterprises. Some experts suggest that if nations would share both water technology and resources, they could satisfy the region's population, currently 159 million. But in this patchwork of ethnic and religious rivalries, water seldom stands alone as an issue. It is entangled in the politics that keep people from trusting and seeking help from one another. Here, where water, like truth, is precious, each nation tends to find its own water and supply its own truth.As Israeli hydrology professor Uri Shamir told me:" If there is political will for peace, water will not be a hindrance. If you want reasons to fight, water will not be a hindrance. If you want reasons to fight, water will give you ample opportunities."57. Why does the author use the phrase "for next November" (Line 3, Para. 1)?[A] According to the Old Testament freshwater is available only in November.[B] Rainfall comes only in winter starting from November.[C] Running water systems will not be ready until next November.[D] It is a custom in that region that irrigation to crops is done only in November.58. What is NOT the cause for the imminent water war?[A] Lack of water resources. [B] Lack of rainfall.[C] Inefficient use of water. [D] Water has replaced oil.59. One way for the region to use water efficiently is to ________.[A] develop other enterprises that cost less water[B] draw a plan of irrigation for the various nations[C] import water from water-rich nations[D] stop wars of any sort for good and all60. Uri Shamir's viewpoint is that ________.[A] nations in that region are just fighting for water[B] people there are thirsty for peace instead of water[C] water is no problem as long as there is peace[D] those nations have every reason to fight for water61. The author's tone in the article can be described as ________.[A] depressing [B] urgent [C] joking [D] mockingPart V Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1. time/times/period Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2. /study of television. 3. the as a school subject are valid forThe European Union had approved a number ofgenetically modified crops until late 1998. But growingpublic concern over its supposed environmental and health 62. ________risks led several EU countries to demand a moratorium(暂时禁止)on imports of any new GM produce. By late 1999there were enough such country to block any new approvals 63. ________of GM produce. Last year, America filed a complaint at theWTO about the moratorium, arguing that it was an illegaltrade barrier because there is no scientific base for it. 64. ________As more studies have been completed on the effects ofGM crops, the greens' case for them has weakened. 65. ________Much evidence has emerged of health risks from eating them. 66. ________。

2010年12月大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷二答案详解Part I WritingWill phones kill letter writing?Today, with the quick pace of life, people, especially young people, usually do not have as much time to write letters as before. They communicate with each other through the electric line. They are becoming so dependent on telephones that some people say that one day phones will kill letter writing. But I don't think it is th e case.It is true that communicating by letters is not as convenient as by telephone. However, letter writing makes people think clearly. When a person writes, he must o rganize his thoughts and express his ideas and feelings more logically. In addition, letters give you a chance to read them again. Isn't it exciting to receive a lette r from your parents or your friends? Isn't it pleasant to red the letter again and to feel again the excitement and the pleasantness?So if you have time, write a letter right now, and you will certainly give your friends and your family a pleasant surprise.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. N 文章主要谈论的是日本科学家对巨型乌贼进行的研究，故本题不正确。

2010年12月英语四级全真预测试卷及答案解析2010年12月英语四级全真预测试卷及答案解析2010年12月大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷二Model Test Two Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: WILL PHONES KILL LETTER WRITING? You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 年轻人越来越趋向于打电话2. 信件是否会被电话取缔3. 我的观点Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Holy Squid! Photos Offer First Glimpse of Live Deep-Sea GiantLike something straight out of a Jules Verne novel, an enormous tentacle creature looms out of the inky blackness ofthe deep Pacific waters.But this isn't science fiction. A set of extraordinary images captured by Japanese scientists mark the first-ever record of a live giant squid (Architeuthis) in the wild.The animal—which measures roughly 25 feet (8 meters) long—was photographed 2,950 feet (900 meters) beneath the North Pacific Ocean. Japanese scientists attracted the squid toward cameras attached to a baited fishing line.The scientists say they snapped more than 500 images of the massive cephalopod before it broke free after snagging itself on a hook. They also recovered one of the giant squid's two longest tentacles, which severed during its struggle.The photo sequence, taken off Japan's Ogasawara Islands in September 2004, shows the squid homing in on the baited line and enveloping it in "a ball of tentacles."Tsunemi Kubodera of the National Science Museum in Tokyo and Kyoichi Mori of the Ogasawara Whale Watching Association report their observations this week in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B."Architeuthis appears to be a much more active predator than previously suspected, using its elongated feeding tentacles to strike and tangle prey," the researchers write.They add that the squid was found feeding at depths where no light penetrates even during the day.Giant BreakthroughDespite people's fascination with this deep-sea behemoth, the giant squid's life and habits have remained largely a mystery. The little information known has been mostly based on dead and dying specimens that were caught by commercial fishing boats or washed ashore.The mysterious creature has inspired countless sea monster tales and has been the subject of various scientific expeditions.Since the mid 1990s there have been a number of research trips in search of giant squid. Cameras attached to deep-diving subs or sperm whales have been used to try to capture the elusive animals on film, but without success.The Japanese researchers used sperm whales as guides to help them pinpoint likely giant squid haunts. Over the years whalers have reported finding a high number of large squid beaks in the mammals' stomachs, pegging sperm whales as primary predators of large squid.The images are generating considerable excitement among squid experts."I think it's wonderful that we've finally got a picture of a living giant squid," said Richard Ellis, a research associate at the American Museum of Natural History in New York and author of The Search for the Giant Squid."I thought it would only be a matter of time before someone got images of Architeuthis," he added."After all, it's not an endangered species, not even all that rare, and it's one of the largest of all invertebrates. So the Japanese film finaly breaks through and renders the statement 'nobody has ever seen a living giant squid' inoperative."Squid expert Martin Collins of the British Antarctic Survey based in Cambridge, England, says the new images are a "fantastic" achievement.The marine biologist says he was skeptical that a dedicated giant squid hunt would succeed. He thought the first wild sighting would probably come by accident."Fair play to these guys who've made the effort, gone outthere and looked in what they thought was a good area, and found it," he said.Hunting for CluesCollins is especially interested in clues the images might provide to the way giant squid swim and hunt in the deep ocean."Seeing the animals on film gives you a tremendous insight into how they live down there," he said. "It shows they are pretty active animals, and that answers a big question that's been out there for some time."Collins says there were two competing schools of thought among giant squid experts."One was the idea that [giant squid] were fairly inactive and just drifted around, dangling their tentacles below them like fishing lures to catch what came by," he said."The other theory was that they were actually quite active. This new evidence supports this, suggesting they are active predators which can move reasonably quickly.""The efforts the squid went to untangle itself [from the baited fishing line] also shows they are capable of quite strong and rapid movement," he added.The study team reports that the severed tentacle repeatedly gripped the boat deck and crew after it was hauled aboard. The squid's tentacles are armed with suckers, each ringed with tiny teeth to help snare prey.Measuring 18 feet (5.5 meters) long, analysis of the tentacle confirmed it came from a giant squid and allowed the researchers to estimate the total length of the animal.But the researchers caution that their data assume the tentacle was severed at it base. If not, the squid may have been considerably larger. The longest giant squid on record measured59 feet (18 meters), including its two elongated tentacles.Shedding Light on Giant SquidGiant squid, along with their close cousins colossal squid (Mesonychoteuthis), have thelargest eyes of any animal."Giant squid do have particularly large eyes, which would suggest vision is important to them. Having a large eye isn't unusual in deep-sea animals-you see it quite often in fish."The fact that the animal caught on film was swimming in total darkness suggests the species detects prey using alternative light sources. "The only light down there is likely to be light produced by other animals," said Collins of the British Antarctic Survey.The Japanese team thinks that research techniques similar to their own could be used to bring about more close encounters with giant squid. Ellis of the American Museum of Natural History agrees."I'm sure we can learn a lot from an analysis of these images," he said. "And now that we have an idea of where to look for [the squid], we will undoubtedly get more pictures."1. The passage talks mainly about the studying of a live giant squid by American scientists.2. The giant squid was photographed 2,950 feet beneath the North Pacific Ocean.3. The observations by Tsunemi Kubodera and Kyoichi Mori was reported in the journal Proceedings of Royal Society B.4. The Japanese film is a breakthrough in the study of the giant squid's life and habits.5. There are three competing schools of thought among giant squid experts.6. The giant squid are capable of quite strong and rapid movement.7. The longest giant squid on record measured 18 feet.8. Giant squid, along with their close cousins colossal squid, have the largest ________________.9. The giant squid swimming in total darkness detects prey using ________________.10. The Japanese team thinks that research techniques similar to their own could be used to bring about more ________________. 来源:考试大-英语四级考试Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] He'll be speaking at the end of the meeting. [C]He suddenly decided not to speak.[B] He was supposed to speak last night instead. [D] He already spoke very briefly tonight.12. [A] It's too high. [C] It's cheap indeed.[B] It's acceptable. [D] The woman should have bargained for it.13. [A] At two o'clock. [C] At four o'clock.[B] At three o'clock. [D] At five o'clock.14. [A] Shop assistant and customer. [C] Store keeper andcustomer.[B] Post clerk and customer. [D] Waitress and customer.15. [A] His girlfriend complained of his going to the party without her.[B] He was together with his girlfriend yesterday.[C] He has been busy dating his girlfriend these days.[D] He brought his girlfriend to the party.16. [A] She regretted having bought the second-hand car.[B] It is unnecessary to rent another house.[C] They should sell their second-hand car and buy a new one.[D] They can afford a second-hand car.17. [A] She loves the film too. [C] She asks the man to repeat his words.[B] She doesn't think much of the film. [D] It's not as good as she expected.18. [A] Go out with his wife. [C] Stay at home with his wife.[B] Work for extra hours. [D] Go out with his boss.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] It's hereditary. [C] He combs his hair too much.[B] The shampoo he used caused it. [D] He is old enough to lose hair.20. [A] Use some special shampoo.[B] Wear a wig.[C] Don't try to comb hair over the bald or thin patch.[D] Go to the doctor for advice.21. [A] Over the radio. [C] At the man's house.[B] At a doctor's office. [D] At a drug store.22. [A] It suits him. [C] It looks old.[B] It looks ridiculous [D] It's getting worse.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] Once a week. [C] Five every month.[B] Three every month. [D] Two every month.24. [A] When there are more than twelve people. [C] When there are fifteen people.[B] When there are five people. [D] When there are more than fifteen people.25. [A] Call the office. [C] Pay the money.[B] Sign your name on the notice board in advance. [D] There is no need to reserve a place.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] Because it isn't closed.[B] Because the students have to pass all examinations before entering it.[C] Because there is no examination before they are accepted as students.[D] Because its door is open.27. [A] At the airport. [C] Taking the air.[B] By plane. [D] On radio and TV.28. [A] Four. [C] Three.[B] Eight. [D] Five.29. [A] In four or five years. [C] In three or four years.[B] In one year. [D] In 36 weeks.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. [A] A new way to take notes. [C] The five steps in the reading process.[B] A short name for survey reading method. [D] Different ways to study for examinations.31. [A] That one should think about the ideas while reading the words.[B] That one should always take notes.[C] That one should read only the title and important words.[D] That one should read sequences of words.32. [A] Read. [C] Review.[B] Recite. [D] Reread.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] Vacations. [C] Overcrowded classrooms.[B] Wages. [D] Paid sick leaves.34. [A] They want the teachers to resign.[B] They want the teachers to return to work.[C] They are very sympathetic toward the strike.[D] They are refusing to comment on the situation.35. [A] Parent Board. [C] Teachers' Union.[B] District Court. [D] School Committee.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.There are 17 kinds of penguins in the world. All of them live in the southern (36) ________. Only a few (37) ________ live on the continent of Antarctica at the bottom of the world. The emperor penguins are the largest. They are about 100 (38) ________ tall and weigh about 30 kilograms. Their special (39) ________ of mating makes them different from all other penguins.For thousands of years the emperor penguins have lived on the (40) ________ Continent of Antarctica. These black and white birds live in large groups or colonies. There are about 40 emperor penguin colonies on Antarctica. In total there are about 400,000 birds.These birds spend the summer swimming in the ocean in (41) ________ of food such as fish and (42) ________. Penguins are not able to fly, but they are (43) ________ swimmers. (44) ________________________________________. But when summer ends, so does this easy time spent by the water. (45) ________________________________________.(46) ________________________________________. They must find an area with some shelter from the freezing windsPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25minutes)Section ADirections: In this part there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the staements in the fewestpossible words. Write your answers in the spaces provided on Answer Sheet 2.Culture shock is so named because of the effect it has on people when they enter a new culture. Experts have been interested in these effects and have agreed on five basic stages of culture shock. These stages are general and should only be used as a reference. Not every individual will go through each stage, and one stage may last longer than another for different individuals.The hardest thing for most travelers to deal with is the emotional "roller coaster" they seem to be riding. One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture, and the next moment very negative. It seems common that international visitors and immigrants vacillate (犹豫不定)between loving and hating a new country. Feelings of separation and alienation can be intensified if they do not have a sense of fitting in or belonging.Fatigue is another problem people face when entering a new culture. There can be a sense of a greater need for sleep. This is due not only to physical tiredness, but also to mental fatigue. This mental fatigue comes from straining to comprehend the language, and coping with new situations.The impact of culture shock can vary from person to person. There can be significant differences because some people maybe better prepared to enter a new culture. Four factors which play into these are personality, language ability, length of stay, and the emotional support received.It is logical to think that when people are deprived of their familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented. One solution some have found is to bring a few small reminders of home. Pictures, wall hangings, favorite utensils, and keepsakes(纪念品)are all good candidates to make things feel more familiar. Another helpful activity is to establish little routines that become familiar over time. Even better is fitting things that were part of the regular routine back in the home country into the routine established in the new culture. This will make people feel more at home.47. According to the 1st paragraph, experts have interests in ________________.48. Emotional "roller coaster" refers to ________________.49. When entering a new culture, the problems people face are ________________.50. Coping with new situations may result in ________________.51. According to the author, the more effective way to solve "cultural shock" is ________________.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [C]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.Sixteen years ago, Eileen Doyle's husband, an engineer, tookhis four children up for an early morning cup of tea, packed a small case and was never seen or heard of again. Eileen was astonished and in a state of despair. They had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, there had been nothing wrong with their marriage.Every day of the year, a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belongings and without so much as a note or a good-bye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts, their worries and their confused families behind them.Last year, more than 1,200 men and nearly as many women were reported missing from home—the highest in 15 years. Many did return home within a year, but others rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a different identity.To those left behind this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride and self-confidence. Even the finality of death might be preferable. At least it does not imply rejection or failure. Worse than that, people can be left with an unfinished marriage, not knowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free to start a fresh life.Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believes most departures of this kind to be well planned rather than impulsive. "It's typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore other people's pain and difficulties. Running away, like killing yourself, is a highly aggressive act. By creating an absence the people left behind feel guilty, upset and empty."The Salvation Army's Investigation Department has a 70 percent success rate in tracking missing people down. According to Lt. Co. Bramwell Pratt, head of the department, men and women run away for very different reasons though lack ofcommunication is often the biggest motive. "The things that disturb a man's personality are problems like being tied up in debt or serious worries about work. And some women make impossible demands on their husbands. Women usually leave for more obvious reasons but fear is at the root of it. Men are more often prepared to give their marriage another try than women, but we are aware that, for some wives, it would be a total impossibility to return after the way they've been treated."52. When her husband left home, Eileen Doyle ________ .[A] could not forgive him for taking the children [C] could not understand why[B] had been expecting it to happen for some time [D] blamed herself for what had happened53. Most people who leave their families behind them ________.[A] do so without warning [C] come back immediately[B] do so because of their debts [D] change their names54. The man or woman left behind usually ________.[A] admits responsibility for the situation[B] wishes the person who has left were dead[C] feels embarrassed and useless[D] will have no legal marriage life for seven years55. Paul Brown regards leaving home in such circumstances as ________.[A] an act of despair [C] the result of a sudden decision[B] an act of selfishness [D] the result of the enormous sense of guilt56. The Salvation Army believes that _________.[A] most men run away because of the impossible demands of their wives[B] men's reasons are more understandable than women's[C] some women never give their men another chance[D] women are often afraid to start marriage againPassage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based in the following passage.The English have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed some attitudes and habits distinguishing him from other nationalities.Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, and reserved person among people he knows well. Before strangers he often seems inhibited, even embarrassed. You have only to witness a railway compartment any morning or evening to see the truth. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing(打盹)in a corner, and no one speaks. An English wit once suggested to overseas visitors, "On entering a railway compartment shake hands with all the passengers." Needless to say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior, which, if broken, makes the person immediately the object of suspicion.It is well known that the English seldom show openly extremes of enthusiasm, emotion etc. Of course, an Englishman feels no less than any other nationality. Imagine a man commenting on the great beauty of a young girl. A man of more emotional temperament might describe her as "a marvelous jewel", while the Englishman will flatly state "Um, she's all right." An Englishman may recommend a highly successful and enjoyable film to friends by commenting, "It's not bad." Theoverseas visitors must not be disappointed by this apparent lack of interest. They must realize that "all right", "not bad" are very often used with the sense of "first class", "excellent". This special use of language is particularly common in English.57. One explanation for the different character of English people is that ________.[A] they are geographically isolated from the European continent[B] they have nothing to do with the other Europeans[C] they like to keep quiet among their acquaintances[D] they tend to be reserved by nature58. The word "inhibited" (Line 2, Para. 2) in this passage probably means ________ .[A] unable to have good manners [C] able to act properly[B] unable to express and relax freely [D] able to talk freely59. According to the passage, on entering a railway compartment, an overseas visitor is expected to ________ .[A] inquire about the code of behavior in the train [C] shake hands with the person he knows[B] shake hands with all the passengers [D] behave like an Englishman60. The English way of commenting on something or somebody suggests that ________.[A] the English are modest in most circumstances[B] the English feel no less than any other nationality[C] the English tend to display less emotion than they feel[D] the English don't take a strong interest in making comment61. What does the passage mainly discuss?[A] The differences between the English and the otherEuropeans.[B] The different character of the Englishman and its reason.[C] The reasons for English people's shyness.[D] The code of behavior of the nationalities in Europe.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor: you must be able to 62 theattention and interest of your students: you must be a 63 speaker, with a good, strong, 64 voice which is fully under your control: and you must be able to 65 what you are teaching in order to make its meaning clear. 66 a good teacher and you will see that he does not sit still 67 his class: he stands the whole time when he is teaching; he walks about, using his 68 , hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings. Listen to him, and you will 69 the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always 70 according to what he is 71 about. The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn't 72 that he will indeed be able to act 73 on the stage, for there are very important 74 between the teacher's work and the actor's. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart' he has to repeat exactly the 75 words each time he plays a certain part; 76 his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually 77 beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem 78 on the stage.A good teacher 79 in quite a different way. His students take an active part in his 80 : they ask and answer questions; they obey orders; and if they don't understand something, they will say so. The teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of his students. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must 81 it as he goes along.62. [A] pay [B] hold [C] give [D] know63. [A] clear [B] slow [C] quick [D] loud64. [A] frightening [B] exciting [C] fearing [D] pleasing65. [A] act [B] talk [C] say [D] repeat66. [A] Listen [B] Watch [C] Look [D] Observe67. [A] for [B] behind [C] before [D] with68. [A] tongue [B] words [C] sound [D] arms69. [A] hear [B] see [C] think [D] guess70. [A] making [B] changing [C] expressing [D] giving71. [A] talking [B] thinking [C] hearing [D] saying72. [A] tell [B] express [C] show [D] mean73. [A] good [B] badly [C] well [D] actively74. [A] things [B] differences [C] points [D] jobs75. [A] different [B] same [C] above [D] following76. [A] just [B] never [C] ever [D] even77. [A] read [B] known [C] fixed [D] written78. [A] natural [B] real [C] false [D] clear79. [A] is [B] has [C] works [D] teaches80. [A] group [B] party [C] class [D] play81. [A] invent [B] discover [C] teach [D] continuePart VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.82. We offer a range of beverage, ________________________(从矿泉水到酒精饮料都有).83. There is a drinks reception on in Boston ________________________(为欢迎所有与会者).84. If you eat cookies or other fattening snacks between meals, ________________________(你会变胖的)!85. Too often we believe what accounts for other's success is some special secret or a lucky break, ________________________(但成功却很少如此神秘).86. Any kind of exercise will do well to the heart, ________________________ (只要它能加速心跳).2010年12月大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷二答案详解Part I WritingWill phones kill letter writing?Today, with the quick pace of life, people, especially young people, usually do not have as much time to write letters as before. They communicate with each other through the electric line. They are becoming so dependent on telephones that some people say that one day phones will kill letter writing. But I don't think it is the case.It is true that communicating by letters is not as convenient as by telephone. However, letter writing makes people think clearly. When a person writes, he must organize his thoughts and express his ideas and feelings more logically. In addition, letters give you a chance to read them again. Isn't it exciting to receive a letter from your parents or your friends? Isn't it pleasant to red the letter again and to feel again the excitement and the pleasantness?So if you have time, write a letter right now, and you will certainly give your friends and your family a pleasant surprise.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)。

2010年12月英语四级全真预测试题及答案Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Generation Gap. You should write at least120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 代沟的表现。

2. 代沟出现的家庭原因。

3. 代沟出现的社会原因。

Generation GapPart ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Animals on the MoveIt looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediatelytransformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.Moving to SurviveIn pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic waythe important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new。

大学英语四级考试（CET 4）Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡 1上，请在答题卡1上作答。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answ A Few Aspects of American LifeTravelIt’s summertime. For many Americans, this is the season to travel. Why? BecauseThroughout their history, Americans have been people on the move. The early immigAmericans are used to traveling. Some people make long-distance commuting to work PetAmericans love pets. Many pet owners treat their pets as a part of the family. YoIn America, there are more households with pets than those with children. At leasMany grocery stores in America sell pet foods. Pets can even accompany their owneThe average American enjoys having pets around, and for good reason. ResearchersPets are as basic to American culture as hot dogs or apple pie. To Americans, pet Marriage“I do.” To Americans, these two words carry great meaning. They can even changeIt all begins with engagement (婚约). Traditionally, a young man asks the fatherSometimes the couple just decides together that the time is right to get married.At last it’s time for the wedding. Although most weddings follow long-held tradiAs the ceremony begins, the groom stands with the minister, facing the audience. What is the top reason Americans travel in the summertime?School is over.They think they deserve a rest.Summer is the season to travel.The weather is great.Every year, most companies _______.require a business tripinsist that workers commutehave employees travel togetherprovide a vacation for workersMany Americans treat their pets as _______.very usual thingsvery common thingstheir own propertytheir family membersAccording to the passage, some fancy hotels could provide for your pets the following exce good accommodationsome well-served fooda soft beddelicious Chinese mealsIt’s discovered that interaction with pet animals is good for health as they can help to guard against unwelcome visitorscatch unwanted micelower blood pressurekeep companyPet can encourage social relationship by _______.acting as basic element to American cultureproviding a subject for chattingbecoming members for the familyhaving a friendly appearanceTraditionally, if a young man wants to get married to his girlfriend he is supposed to ___ propose to his friend at the right timeask his girlfriend to marry him in a romantic wayget the permission of his girlfriend’s motherget the permission of his girlfriend’s father注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上作答；8－10题在答题卡1上。