2013年6月英语四级考试预测试题(7)

2013年6月英语四级考试阅读真题及解析2013年上半年的四级考试已结束，以下是对四级阅读的解析及指导，希望能对即将参加四级考试的考生有所帮助。

这次四级仔细阅读考试出题上依旧遵循之前的基本原则：依照原文自然顺序出题、多以考察细节信息的理解为主、喜欢考察转折等重要逻辑现象处的信息、正确选项基本都是原文有明显来源的改写或是替换后的说法、错误选项迷惑性不强。

文章选自《洛杉矶时报》等欧美主流网站，话题与我们日常生活还是比较接近、不难看懂。

文字难度与近两年四级基本相近，但可以看出对考生的单词掌握和阅读长句的能力要求较高。

不过若是之前系统准备近些年四级阅读的同学，对这次四级阅读考试的文章应不会感觉特别吃力。

下面我们对这次四级考试的几篇典型的仔细阅读进行简单的解析，供大家参考和体会。

PassageOneJunk food is everywhere. We’re eating waytoo much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway。

So here's a suggestion offered by tworesearchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol controlpolicies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?"Many policy measures to controlobesity (肥胖症)assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and howmuch they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access tohealthier foods," note the two researchers。

2013年6月英语四级考试预测试题(1)总分：710分及格：426分考试时间：120分Part I Writing（30 minutes）(1)1．互联网已成为生活中重要的组成部分2．互联网既拉近了人们之间的距离，也使人际关系疏远了许多3．我们应该怎么做Internet and the Distance among People_________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __Part II Reading Comprehension （15 minutes）(1)<strong>根据下列材料，请回答{TSE}题Healthy habits can help you live longer</strong>Leda Beierle has lived through World War I and II, the Great Depression, Louisville's 1937 flood and 18 US presidents,When she was born 100 years ago, the Titanic had yet to sink.Beierle, who is mentally sharp and lives on her own, suspects that she's still around because of "good living, "which she describes as no smoking or drinking, and good luck."I can't complain," she said, shortly after her birthday earlier this month. "I haven't had any serious matter with me. "Some people live long because they've essentially won the genetic lottery, said Brian Kennedy, an expert on aging who also happens to be Beierle's grandson."They chose the right parents," said Kennedy, president and chief executive officer of the California-based Buck Institute for Research on Aging.But for the rest of us, health behaviors do matter, he and others say."It's like 30 percent genetics, 70 percent lifestyle," said Dr. Deborah Danner of the Sanders-Brown Center on Aging at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, Ky. " After you turn 80, it's more genetics than anything else,because if you make it to 80 and you don't have heart disease, hypertension ( 高血压)——all those kind of things——you're very unlikely to get them. "Last year, the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a study showing that people who practiced healthy habits lived longer than those who didn't. Those behaviors included eating healthfully, getting regular physical activity, keeping alcohol use moderate, and never smoking.Dr. Roxanne Sukol, medical director of the Cleveland Clinic's Wellness Enterprise, tells people to place an emphasis on being active; making smart dietary choices such as avoiding trans fat; and managing stress."I think the most important choices that we make are at the intersection of those three aspects," said Sukol,who suggests shifting your diet away from packaged and processed foods. "Soda, potato chips, even granola bars...I don't eat anything that has 52 ingredients in the ingredient list. "She also advocates a daily walk or other physical activity, such as yard work.Kennedy suggests getting good-quality sleep andtaking steps to slash excess calories.Cutting back on red meat also might be helpful. In a study published online this month by the Archives of Internal Medicine, researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health found that regular consumption of red meat,especially processed meat, was associated with an increased risk of mortality.Eating one serving a day of unprocessed red meat was associated with a 13 percent risk of mortality. Having a serving a day of processed meat, such as one hot dog or two slices of bacon, was associated with a 20 percent increased risk.In a study published online this month by the Journal of the American Medical Association, people who met a half dozen or more recommended cardiovascular health measures had a lower risk of death than people who met a lot fewer ones. The factors or behaviors included being physically active, eating a healthy diet and not smoking.Other factors included having normal blood pressure, blood sugar, total cholesterol (胆固醇．and weight.Sukol strongly recommends not smoking.Cigarette smoking "is associated with a number of serious illnesses, not the least of which is hardening of the arteries, and that affects your heart, your brain, your kidneys, everything," she said.Positivity also may play a role in living longer.Danner and colleagues analyzed the autobiographies of about 180 Catholic nuns, scoring them on emotional content. The autobiographies were written when the women were in their late teens and early 20s."Some were more positive than others," said Danner, director of education and outreach for the Alzheimer's Disease Center at Sanders-Brown. "They would have similar events, but some people would describe them as just matter-of-fact-‘ I was bore'-in contrast to ‘I was welcomed into this joyous world.' "The study, which was published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in May 2001, "found that the sisters who used more positive emotion words in those early writings lived 8 to 10 years longer," Danner said."If you're more positive, something bad can happen, but you're quickly able to work through it," she said."And as you do that, then it has less stress on your body's organs. "Some of Beierle's relatives credit her positivity, in addition to good genes, with helping her to live to age 100.Beierle, a mother of two, also stayed active for most of her life, doing things like swimming and award-winning bowling.But Kennedy, 45, said many centenarians have not followed the health advice being preached today."If you ask centenarians when they were in their 50s what did they do, what you find is that they tended to be a little bit heavier than the average population, they were more likely to smoke, they did drink a little bit less, but that's even a bit surprising because moderate alcohol consumption is associated with longevity," he said."They weren't vegetarians. They didn't exercise. Nothing we tell people to do. But they're the exception, not the rule. "Ultimately, Kennedy said, "You can take charge of your own aging. "{TS}Beierle thinks she lives long because __________.A. she exercises a lotB. she doesn't take things seriouslyC. she has a good lifestyle and good luckD. she has good genetics(2)If you win the genetic lottery, you are likely to __________.A. develop healthy habitsB. develop cardiovascular problemsC. live a healthy lifeD. live longer than other people(3)Which of the following is TRUE according to Dr. Danner?A. It's genes that determine whether a person can live for more than 80 years.B. It's lifestyle that determines whether a person can live for more than 80 years.C. A person who doesn't have vital diseases at his or her 80 should thank the genes he or she has inherited.D. People who are already over 80 years old can hardly get heart disease and hypertension.(4)Which of the following is NOT recommended if a person is making smart dietary choices?A. Avoiding trans fat.B. Choosing foods that have fewer ingredients.C. Choosing foods that are well packaged and finely processed.D. Reading carefully the ingredient list before making choices.(5)In a study published by __________, some researchers found that eating too much red meat was linked to an increased risk of mortality.A. Archives of Internal MedicineB. Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyC. Journal of the American Medical AssociationD. Harvard School of Public Health(6)In this passage, who strongly recommends not smoking?A. Beierle's grandson.B. Researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health.C. Dr. Deborah Danner of the Sanders-Brown Center.D. Medical director of the Cleveland Clinic's Wellness Enterprise,(7)Why were the autobiographies of about 180 Catholic nuns analyzed?A. To find out whether positivity may play a role in living longer.B. To find out whether a lot of exercise will affect people's health.C. To determine the causes of some health problems.D. To gather some data about living under stress.快速阅读（填空）(1)In a study, Danner found the nuns __________lived 8 to 10 years longer.(2)According to some of Beierle's relatives, Beierle's positivity, in addition to good genes, helps her __________(3)According to Kennedy, those centenarians who have not followed the health advice are __________听力ABPart III Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）(1)<p> Questions <strong>{TSE}</strong> are based on the following passage.The festive break is fast becoming a distant memory and for many, New Year fitness regimes are too.Despite 2.6m people starting diets on New Year's Day, research suggests that by the end of the week 92 percent of dieters gave up, <u>47</u>exercise and gorging on comfort food.Findings, <u>4 </u>by weightloss firm XLS-Medical, suggest that the<u>49</u>majority are unsuccessful at sticking to their diets for more than five days a week. Two out of 10 dieters<u> 50</u> they have their first diet relapse (退步．just four to five days in, with hunger cited as the main cause. Boredom and alcohol were<u>51</u> blamed for people failing to keep their health kick on track.Dr. Matt Capehorn, Clinical Director of the National Obesity Forum,<u> 52</u> that just one day off from dieting can undo a week's worth of hard work. He told Female First:"A healthy diet, aimed at losing 11b per week, relies on saving 3500 calories a week by having 500 calories less each day. ""A day off the diet should mean that you eat the correct amount, but many dieters see it as an excuse to binge ( 大吃大喝．and have thousands of calories more than they need. "The results suggest that a<u>53</u>590,000 could already have<u>54</u>to stick to New Year diet resolutions. And a vast majority are unaware of the negative impact a single day off can have on their weight loss efforts.Yet<u>55</u>it was found only 5 percent of women stick to their diets until they've<u>56</u>their target weight.A．massive B．reached C．highlightedD．blamed E．shunningF．stillG．released H．lostI．alsoJ．admittedK．treatedL．dietedM．overallN．vastO．failed{TS}请在____47______处填上答案(2)请在____48______处填上答案(3)请在____49______处填上答案(4)请在____50______处填上答案(5)请在____51______处填上答案(6)请在____52______处填上答案(7)请在____53______处填上答案(8)请在____54______处填上答案(9)请在___55______处填上答案(10)请在___56______处填上答案(11) Questions {TSE} are based on the following passage.People's tastes in recreation differ widely. At a recent festival of pop-music in the Isle of Wight, crowds of teenagers flocked to listen to their favorite singers and musicians. They went with single railway tickets and slept in the open, a very risky thing to do in the climate of Britain, even in August. They were packed together like sardines for four days. There were innumerable thieves, a gang of roughs tried several times to break things up, and police were everywhere. At the end of the festival many young fans found themselves broke, with no money left, and they had difficulty in getting back home. Most people would consider these conditions a nightmare of discomfort; the fans appeared to enjoy it all enormously.Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large tracts of open un-spoilt country, where people with more traditional tastes can go for quiet, and for the sense of freedom they derive from contact with nature. In the national parks especially, modem development of housing and industry is strictly controlled. Visitors may walk for miles through landscape of the greatest beauty and wildness, and often of considerable historic or scientific interest. Along the coasts of some of the maritime counties, public pathways have been created; these paths stretch for many miles along cliffs that look out on the Atlantic Ocean or the English Channel. Another path,lying inland, goes along the range of mountains in the north of England. It is called the Pennine Way. Here, the long-distance walker and the nature-lover can find much to enjoy, without feeling disturbed by large numbers of their fellows.Yet few people make full use of the national parks established for everyone's benefit. The commonest thing nowadays is for family groups to motor out to a beautiful spot and park their cars in a lay-by ( 英国的路旁停车带). A picnic basket is produced, along with a folding table and chairs, akettle and a portable stove. They thensettle down to a picnic in the lay-by beside the car. Apparently their idea of enjoyment is to get into the fresh air and amongst the country sights and sounds without having to walk a yard. They seem almost to like to hear and to smell the traffic.{TS}In Britain it is very risky to __________A. go with a single railway ticketB. listen to pop-music at the festivalC. sleep in the openD. pack together in crowds(12)At the end of the festival, many young fans__________A. were arrested by the policeB. had spent most of their moneyC. were sleeping outD. became quite penniless(13)Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large __A. tracks through the open countryB. areas of country without soilC. areas of countryside not developedD. expanses of land where nobody works(14)Public pathways are created for people to__________A. commute to workB. enjoy long-distance walkingC. walk to maritime countiesD. visit the historic or scenic sites(15)Family groups nowadays like to __________A. have meals out of doors by the road-sideB. go for a walk away from homeC. drive out past the beautiful placesD. hear and smell the animals(16)Questions {TSE} are based on the following passage.Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something.His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction.For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else——he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute bluntly; he does so with skill and polish. "I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned. " Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: "This is theright color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on. "Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way.Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only"having a look around". She is "always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tellsher, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the look-out for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. So mostdress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.{TS}When a man is buying clothes, __________A. he chooses things that others recommendB. he buys cheap things, regardless of qualityC. he buys good things, so long as they are not too expensiveD. he does not mind how much he has to pay for the right firings(17)In commerce a good salesman is one who__________A. sells something a customer does not particularly wantB. always has in stock the thing the customer wantsC. can find out quickly the goods requiredD. does not waste his time on difficult customers(18)What does a man do when he cannot get exactly what he wants?A. He buys something that is similar enough to the ideal one.B. He usually does not buy anything.C. At least two of his requirements must be met before he buys.D. So long as the style is right, he buys the thing.(19)According to this passage, when shopping for clothes, women__________A. often buy things without thinkingB. seldom buy cheap clothesC. welcome suggestions from anyoneD. never take any advice(20)What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers?A. The tact that men do not try clothes on in a shop.B. Women bargain for their clothes, but men do not.C. Women stand up while shopping, but men sit down.D. The time they take over buying clothes.PartIV Cloze（15 minutes）(1)根据下列材料，请回答{TSE}题When we think of creative people the names that probably spring to mind are those of men such as Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, etc.——a few exceptionally gifted men with <u>67</u>talent and genius.The tendency to regard creativity and <u>68</u> thinking as the exclusive<u>69</u>of a lucky few disregards the creative<u>70</u> inherent in the solution of many of the tasks we regularly have to face——the<u>71</u>anddevelopment of new methods and techniques, the improvement of old methods,<u> 72 </u>inventions and products.Everyone has creative ability to some <u>73</u> .Creative thinking <u>74</u>posing oneself a problem and then <u>75</u> or inventing a solution along new and unconventional lines. It involves <u>76</u> new analogies, discovering new combinations, and/or new applications of things that are already known. It <u>77</u> , then, that a creative person will <u>78</u> great intellectual curiosity and imagination. He will be alert and observant with a great store of information which he will be able to <u>79</u> out and combine, in the solution of problems. He will be emotionally <u>80 </u>to new and unconventional idea sand will be able to communicate uninhibitedly and will not be too <u>81</u> about other people's reaction to his apparently" crazy" <u>82</u> . People called the Wright brothers<u> 83</u> but it did not stop them <u>84</u> becoming the first men <u>85</u> and fly heavier-than-air <u>86</u>.{TS}A. scarceB. rareC. littleD. weird(2)A. illustriousB. illustrativeC. imaginativeD. imaginary(3)A. districtB. regionC. activityD. province(4)A. aspectsB. thingsC. prospectsD. expectations(5)A. inventionB. discoveryC. analysisD. advancement(6)A. temporaryB. extantC. aliveD. existing(7)A. expanseB. boundaryC. expansionD. extent(8)A. concludesB. includesC. involvesD. excludes(9)A. originatingB. orientatingC. organizingD. oscillating(10)A. drawingB. imaginingC. paintingD. following(11)A. dawns onB. followsC. realizesD. comprehends(12)A. performB. show offC. show aroundD. demonstrate(13)A. seekB. workC. sortD. find(14)A. receptiveB. heartyC. indifferentD. notable(15)A. angryB. happyC. concernedD. satisfied(16)A. illnessesB. impressionsC. notionsD. thinkings(17)A. dangerousB. conventionalC. riskyD. mad(18)A. toB. forC. fromD. by(19)A. constructingB. to constructC. having constructedD. for constructing(20)A. satelliteB. balloonC. space shuttleD. craftPart V Translation （5 minutes）(1)It is absolutely unfair that the children in remote and poor areas ___________________________________________________________(被剥夺了受教育的权利).(2)Only in the presence of family members and close friends___________________________________________________________ (她才能像正常人一样谈话).(3)The morn you put your time and effort into the project,___________________________________________________________ (她才能像正常人一样谈话).(4)The international co--unity is increasingly aware of the fact that___________________________________________________________ ( 中国在国际事务中正起着越来越重要的作用).(5)This informs you of the important steps of how to___________________________________________________________ (避免在国外旅行期间生病).答案和解析Part I Writing（30 minutes）(1) :<strong>Internet and the Distance among People</strong>Today, the Internet has become an indispensable part of our life. We can have a video-chat with friends who are on the other side of the planet; we order food or buy other things through websites... The Internet provides us with so much convenience that it has changed the way we live.Wherever there is access to the Internet, communication can be carried out through instant messaging,online communities, micro-blogs and so forth. But despite the great convenience the Internet brings about, we find the distance among people becomes farther, instead of nearer. We play online games and forget to call the family; we sit alone surfing the net with mobile phones when classmates are gathering together; children today often play with the tablet computers, rather than with other kids from the neighborhood.In my view, we should use the Internet reasonably, and keep in mind that the real life is much more meaningful than the virtual one. To be closer to other people, we should talk with them, using our voice, instead of finger tips. And we should pass this idea on to the younger generation.【译文】互联网与人们之间的距离如今，互联网已经成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分。

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese."给你的外国朋友写一封信，告诉他(她)你已经被美国的一所大学录取，但你苦恼的是自己的听力和口语水平不够，你想寻求他(她)对于如何提高听力和口语的建议。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and [ D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The EarthPower and LightCompared to the rest of the universe, the Earth is very small. Our planet and seven others orbit the Sun, which is only one of about 200 billion stars in our galaxy. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is part of the universe, which includes millions of othergalaxies and their stars and planets. By comparison, the Earth is microscopic.Compared to a person, on the other hand, the Earth is enormous. It has a diameter of 7,926 miles ( 12,756 kilometers) at the equator, and it has a mass of about 6 x 1024 kilograms. The Earth orbits the Sun at a speed of about 66,638 miles per hour (29.79 kilometers per second). Don’t dwell on those numbers too long, though; to a lot of people, the Earth is inconceivably, mind-bogglingly big. And it’s just a fraction of the size of the Sun.From our perspective on Earth, the Sun looks very small. This is because it’s about 93 million miles away from us. The Sun’s di ameter at its equator is about 100 times bigger than Earth’s, and about a million Earths could fit inside the Sun. TheSun is inconceivably, mind-bogglingly bigger.But without the Sun, the Earth could not exist. In a sense, the Earth is a giant machine, full of moving parts and complex systems. All those systems need power, and that power comes from the Sun.The Sun is an enormous nuclear power source--through complex reactions, it transforms hydrogen into helium, releasing light and heat. Because of these reactions, every square meter of our planet’s surface gets about 342 Watts of energy from the Sun every year. This is about 1.7 ~ 1017 Watts total, or as much as 1.7 billion large power plants could generate. You can learn about how the Sun creates energy in How the Sun Works.When this energy reaches the Earth, it provides power for a variety of reactions, cycles and systems. It drives the circulation of the atmosphere and the oceans. It makes food for plants, which many people and animals eat. Life on Earth could not exist without the Sun, and the planet itself would not have developed without it.To a casual observer, the Sun’s most visible contributions to life are light, heat and weather.Night and DaySome of the Sun’s biggest impacts on our planet are also its most obvious. As the Earth spins on its axis, parts of the planet are in the Sun while others are in the shade. In other words, the Sun appears to rise and set. The parts of the world that are in daylight get warmer while the parts that are dark gradually lose the heat they absorbed during the day.You can get a sense of how much the Sun affects the Earth’s temperature by standing outside on a partly cloudy day.When the Sun is behind a cloud, you feel noticeably cooler than when it isn’t. The surface of our planet absorbs this heat from the Sun and emits it the same way that pavement continues to give off heat in the summer after the Sun goes down. Ouratmosphere does the same thing-it absorbs the heat that the ground emits and sends some of it back to the Earth.The Earth’s relationship with the Sun also creates seasons. The Earth’s axis tips a little-about 23.5 degrees. One hemisphere points toward the Sun as the other points away. The hemisphere that points toward the Sun is warmer and gets more light--it’s summer there, and in the other he misphere it’s winter. This effect is less dramatic near the equator than at the poles, since the equator receives about the same amount of sunlight all year. The poles, on the other hand, receive no sunlight at all during their winter months, which is part of the reason why they’re frozen.Most people are so used to the differences between night and day (or summer and winter) that they take them for granted.But these changes in light and temperature have an enormous impact on other systems on our planet. One is the circulation of air through our atmosphere. For example:The Sun shines brightly over the equator. The air gets very warm because the equator faces the Sun directly and because the ozone layer is thinner there.As the air warms, it begins to rise, creating a low pressure system. The higher it rises, the more the air cools. Water condenses as the air cools, creating clouds and rainfall. The air dries out as the rain falls. The result is warm, dry air, relatively high in our atmosphere.Because of the lower air pressure, air rushes toward the equator from the north and south. As it warms, it rises, pushing the dry air away to the north and the south.The dry air sinks as it cools, creating high-pressure areas and deserts to the north and south of the equator.This is just one piece of how the Sun circulates air around the world--ocean currents, weather patterns and other factors also play a part. But in general, air moves from high-pressure to low-pressure areas, much the way that high-pressure air rushes from the mouth of an inflated balloon when you let go. Heat also generally moves from the warmer equator to the cooler poles.Imagine a warm drink sitting on your desk--the air around the drink gets warmer as the drink gets colder. This happens on Earth on an enormous scale.The Coriolis Effect, a product of the Earth’s rotation, affects this system as well. It causes large weather systems, like hurricanes, to rotate. It helps create westward-running trade winds near the equator and eastward-running jet streams in the northem and southem hemispheres. These wind patterns move moisture and air from one place to another, creating weather patterns. (The Coriolis Effect works on a large scale--it doesn’t really affect the water draining from the sink like some people suppose. )The Sun gets much of the credit for creating both wind and rain. When the Sun warms air in a specific location, that air rises, creating an area of low pressure. More air rushes in from surrounding areas to fill the void, creating wind. Without the Sun, there wouldn’t be wind. There also might not be breathable air at all.Water and FireThe Sun has a huge effect’on our water. It warms the oceans around the tropics, and its absence cools the water around the poles. Because of this, ocean currents move large amounts of warm and cold water, drastically affecting the weather andclimate around the world. The Sun also drives the water cycle, which moves about 18,757 cubic miles (495,000 cubic kilometers) of water vapor through the atmosphere every year.If you’ve ever gotten out of a swimming pool on a hot day and realized a few minutes later that you were dry again, you have firsthand experience with evaporation. If you’ve seen water form on the side of a cold drink, you’ve seen condensation inaction. These are primary components of the water cycle, also called the hydrologic cycle, which exchanges moisture between bodies of waterand land masses. The water cycle is responsible for clouds and rain as well as our supply of drinking water.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答;8-10题在答题卡1上。

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）1．What kind of bill is the U．K．government considering?A)Apermanent DST across the country．B)Anextension of DST across the country．C)Atryout of year-round DST across the country．D)Alengthening DST for the purpose of enhancing tourism．2．According to this passage，which research suggests that people are more likely to visit parksand attractions after work?A)Researchdone by Janson．B)Time—usesludies．C)Research done by Hendrik Wolff．D)Research from the independent PSl．3．Which of the following islikely to SUffer under DST?A)Personalbusinesses．B)Theaters．C)Go If courses．D)Parksand other attractions.4.Whyare Colorado ski resorts opposed to the bill introduced by Senator Greg Brophy?A)Becausethe bill will place Colorado on a one．year trial of permanent DST．B)Because some outdoorsy population like to ski in the morningC)Becausepeople there don’t like the idea of having an extra hour of darkness．D)Because the bill would probably cut an hour off their daily operations．5．Why is the stale ofIndialia mentioned in the passage?A)To show that DST doesn’t save energy sometimes．B)To show that some states don’t like the idea of DST．C)To show that DST can enhmice tourism．D)Toshow that people are happy—go—lucky with or wo it hout DST．6．The DOE report found theextended DST________ ．A)couldonly save a small amount of energyB)washelpfid for saving electricily because the overall consumption was hugeC)could reduce annual energy consumption of the whole country by 50％D)hardlydid any good to energy—saving7． According to this passage，the reason why the gains under DST are smaller in the South than inthe North is likely to be that__________.A)the use of air conditioners is increasedB)peoplein the North enjoy the outdoor life moreC)peoplein the South watch TV a lotD)people in the South are against the idea of DST8．Proponents of DST say theroadways will be safer in the afternoon rush hours since usually there're marry_______________________________On the road．9．Concerning___________________________，agricultural community opposesyear．roundDST．10．Till Roenne berg’s research shows that human bodyclocks aren’t table to__________.“成千上万人疯狂下载。

2013 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（标准卷）Total score: 710Total time allowed: 125 minutes特注：2013年 6 月大学四级考试采用多题多卷形式，本试卷含两套写作题，考生可以任选其一。

Part I Writing(多题多卷写作题1) (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Writing ( 多题多卷写作题2) (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given inthe passage.Can Digital Textbook Truly Replace the Print Kind?The shortcomings of traditional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they’ re with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They’ re also expensive, especially when you factor in the average college student’ s limited budget, typically costingdsof hundredollarsevery semester.But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions.Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom,essentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they ’ basicallyre stuck with afour pound paper- weight that they can’ t sell back.Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many ofthese shortcomings. But till now, they’ ve beenkesomethingamirage li（幻影）in the distance,more like a hazy（模糊的） dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all yourtextbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition （过渡） over to digital books.Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at theUniversity of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooksjust last year.But not all were eager to jump aboard.“ People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading,” says Kalp who will be going into his second year at Irvine’ s medical program this fall.“ They weren it as a source of communication because they couldn ’ t read or write in it. So a third of the peoplein my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops andthe last third were using paper and pencil.”The reason it hasn’ t caught on yet, he tells me, is that thectionalityfun of e-edition textbooksis incredibly limited, and some students just aren’ t motivated to learn new study behavior.But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released anupdated version last week, and it utilized’ inllbeover 50 undergraduate and graduate classroomsthis coming school year.“ Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,” says Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis as he’me a demo（演示） over coffee. “ WhatI mean by that is the current perspective of the digitaltextbook is it’ s an exact copy of the print book. There’ s Course Smart, etc., these guys who take any image of the page and put it on a screen. If that’ s how we’ re defining digital textbooks, there no hope of that becoming a mainstream product. ”He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the groundup, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as askeleton.At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping（敲击）into the iPad app (应用软件), which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through ( 浏览 ) afew chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view itsvarious building blocks. “ Publishersgive us all of the source media, artwork, videos,he” says,“ We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform.”Next he pulls u p a music composition textbook, complete with playable demos. It’ s a learning experience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It ’clears why this would besomething a music major would love.But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation （批注） system. Here’ s how itworks!When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner ’highlights andnotes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to helpimprove your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you).But with lnkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here’ s where thin get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple lnkling users,that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook tocome across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebookfriends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorteddemocratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with thebest and brightest thinkers.As a bonus, professors can even chime in ( 插话) on discussions. They’ ll be able to answerthe questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well.Textbook versions are constanly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs(the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard). Furthermore, students will be able topurchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing aslittle as $2.99.There are, however, challenges.“ It takes efforts to build each book,” Maclnnis tells me. And it’ s clear why.Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you cantell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions aregiving the hardware away for free, for other students who don’ t have such a luxury it’ s layer of cost — and an expensive one at that.But this much is clear. The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite sometime. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen,and we probably won’ t have a definite answer for the next few years.However the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now,that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可触摸的), a little less of a dream.1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that _____.A)A)they are not reused once a new edition comes outB)they cost hundreds of dollars every semesterC)they are too heavy to carry aroundD)they take a longer time to revise2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?A)It ’ s not likelyheyt will replace traditional textbooks.B)They haven ’ t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.C)Very few of them are available in the market.D)Many people still have difficulty using them.3.According to Kalpit Shah, some students still use paper and pencil because _____.A) they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPadB) they are unwilling to change their study behaviorC) they have get tired of reading on the iPadD) they are not used to reading on the screen4.Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis explains that the problem with Course Smart ’currents digital textbooks is that _____.A) they have to be revised repeatedlyB) they are inconvenient to use in classC) they are different from most mainstream products D)they are no more than print versions put on a screen5.Matt Maclnnis describes the updated version of lnkling as _____.A)a good example of the mainstream productsB)a marvelous product of many creative ideasC)a platform for building multimedia contentD)a mere skeleton of traditional textbooks6. The author is most excited about lnkling’notations system because one can _____.A)share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkersB)participate in discussions with classmates and Facebook friendsC)vote for the best learners democraticallyD)store information on the cloud7.One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that _____.A) students can switch to different discussions at any pointB) students can download relevant critical commentsC) professors can join in students’ online discussionsD) professors can give prompt feedback to students’ homework8.One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that is takesa great deal of _____.9.One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high ______ of the hardware.10.According to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on still _____.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.A) Children should be taught to be more careful.B)Children shouldn’ t drink so much orange juice.C)There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.D)Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.12.A) Fitness training.B) The new job offer.C) Computer programming.D) Directorship of the club.13.A) He needs to buy a new sweater.B) He has got to save on fuel bills.C) The fuel price has skyrocketed.D) The heating system doesn’ t work.14.A) Committing theft.B) Taking pictures.C) Window shopping.D) Posing for the camera.15.A) She is taking some medicine.B) She has not seen a doctor yet.C)She does not trust the man ’ s adviceD). She has almost recovered from the cough.16.A) Pamela ’ s report is not finished as scheduled.B)Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C)Pamela is not good at writing research papers.D)Pamela ’ s mistakes could haveben avoided.17.A) In the left-luggage office.B) At the hotel reception.C) In a hotel room.D) At an airport.18.A) She was an excellent student at college.B) She works in the entertainment business.C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech.D) She is good at conveying her message.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Arranging the woman’ s appointment with Mr. Romero.B) Fixing the time for the designer fashion’sshowlatest.C)Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.D)Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.20.A) Her travel to Japan.B)The awards ceremony.C)The proper hairstyle for her new role.D)When to start the makeup session.21. A) He is Mr. Romero’ s agent.B) He is an entertainment journalist.C) He is the woman’ s assistant.D) He is a famous movie star.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.A) Make an appointment for an interview.B)Send in an application letter.C)Fill in an application form.D)Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.23.A) Someone having a college degree in advertising.B)Someone experienced in business management.C)Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D)Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.24.A) Travel opportunities.B)Handsome pay.C)Prospects for promotion.D)Flexible working hours.25.A) It depends on the working hours.B)It ’ s about 500 pound a week.C)It will be set by the Human Resources.D)It is to be negotiated.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.A) To give customers a wider range of choices.B)To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C)To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D)To give space for more profitable products.27.A) On the top shelves.B)On the bottom shelves.C)On easily accessible shelves.D)On clearly marked shelves.28.A) Many of them buy things on impulse.B)A few of them are fathers with babies.C)A majority of them are young couples.D)Over 60% of them make shopping lists.29.A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.B)Sales assistants following customers around.C)Customers competing for good bargains.D)Customers losing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30.A) Teaching mathematics at a school.B)Doing research in an institute.C)Studying for a college degree.D)Working in a high-tech company.31.A) He studied the designs of various choices.B)He did experiments to different materials.C)He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D)He asked different people for their opinions.32.A) Its automatic mechanism.B)Its manufacturing pattern.C)Its way of waking people up.D)Its funny-looking pig face.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) It’ s often caused by a change of circumstances.B) It usually doesn’ t require any special attention.C)It usually appears all of a sudden.D)It usually lasts for several years.34.A) They can’ t mixellwith others.B)They emotionally receive their friends.C)They depend severely on family members.D)They share similar interests with friends.35.A) They lack consistent support from peers.B)They doubt their own popularity.C)They were born psychologically weak.D)They focus too much attention on themselves.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ________ away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often (37) ________, never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then. (38) ________ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ________ development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is(40)________ about us in one place or another — and for one reason or another — can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (41) ________ and by private businesses and corporations, lending (42) ________, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43)________ at the local, state, and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized date as a frightening invasion of their privacy. (44) ____________________________________________________________________ as the computer becomesincreasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, a national survey showed that (45) ____________________________________________________________________. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. (46) ____________ ________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the47risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get48benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and50bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week,51 recovery days between sessions.Finally, flexibility and balance training are52important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are53 , and simple flexibility training can54these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated ( 润滑 ). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ ll get an idea of how naturaleneralitis. The55g is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to56stretch it in an opposite position.A) allowing F) helping K) preventB) avoidable G) increasingly L) principleC) briefly H) lowest M) provokeD) component I) maintain N) seriouslyE) determined J) maximum O) topicSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’ reeating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’ redoing and yet we do it anyway.So here ’ s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take alesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’ s displayed “ Manypolicy measures to control obesity（肥胖症） assume that people consciously andrationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information andmore access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.“ Incontrast,the” researchers continue, “ manyregulations that don ’assumet people makerational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance—like food—ofwhich immoder ate consumption leads to serious health problems.”The research references studies of people ’behaviors with food and alcohol and results ofalcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising ifapplied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’ t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted （分配） based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These makealcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it.So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories?And why not limit sa le of food in places that aren’ t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cashregisters in gas stations, and in most places you can’ t buy-througalco h olfacilitiesatdrive. Atsupermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’ re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines.The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals forjunk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57.What does the author say about junk food?A)People should be educated not to eat too much.B)It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C)Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D)It causes more harm than is generally realized.58.What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A)They should be implemented effectively.B)They provide misleading information.C)They are based on wrong assumptions.D)They help people make rational choices.59.Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?B)There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C)Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers-consumption’over.60. What is the purpose of California’ s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B)To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C)To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.61.What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A)Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B)Enhancing people’ s awareness of their own health.C)Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D)Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak ’ s decision to file for bankruptcy （破产） protection is a sad, though not unexpected,turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography anddominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak ’ sdownfall to“complacency(自满) ,”that explanationdoesn ’acknowt -ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago,Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film—and in fact, Kodak inventedthe first digital camera in 1975—but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its newdiscovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’ t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at HarvardBusiness School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time thecompany realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent alot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult timeswitching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the newbusinesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fullyembrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them.Now their history has become a liability.Kodak ’ sdownfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the companycommanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which underminedKodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’ s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid wentinstead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62.What do we learn about Kodak?A)It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B)It is approaching its downfall.C)It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D)It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’ s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B)To show its effort to overcome complacency.C)To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.64.Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A)They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B)They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C)They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D)They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’ s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’ s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’ s emergence.C)Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D)Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Whether you think you need daytime rest or not, picking up a nap（午睡） habit is a smart,healthy move. The Mayo Clinic says naps 67 relaxation, better mood and alertness, and asharper working 68 . A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep,a mid-day nap was the best way to cope69the mid-afternoon sleepiness.According to the Harvard Health Letter,several studies have shown that people70new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most71, a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped72had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying73heart disease compared to peoplewho didn’ t nap.Of course, napping isn ’t74for everyone. If you ’ resuffering from inability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can75with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night.But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits 76on how long they are. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze（小睡） can77creativity.According to , you78 a natural dip in body temperature79 1 p.m.and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alertness80several hours and, for most people, shouldn ’t81being able to fall asleep at night.Pick a dark, cozy place that’ s not too warm or too chilly. prevention.82com snapping。

2013年6月英语四级考试预测试题(4)总分：710分及格：426分考试时间：120分Part I Writing（30 minutes）(1)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write ashort essay entitled The Traffic Jam following the outline given below. Youshould write at least<u>120 </u>words but no more than 180 words.1．大城市的交通拥堵问题2．产生交通拥堵的原因3．一些可能的解决办法The Traffic Jam___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___Part II Reading Comprehension （15 minutes）(1)回答{TSE}题Bad behavior incockpit has proven deadlyTerrifying incidents of bad pilot behavior like a JetBlue pilot'smeltdown this week are not unprecedented in the history of commercial aviationand have sometimes caused deadly crashes.Nevertheless, the list of incidents resulting from unprofessionalpilot behavior over a 50-year history and millions of flights show that"it's a very rare thing," says aviation safety expert Aaron Gellmanof the KelloggSchool of Management at Northwestern University. "And evenwith what's happened in the past, it's the safest mode of transportation byfar."Tuesday's JetBlue incident, where the FBI alleges captain Clayton Ｏsbon started Speaking nonsense tohis first officer and was later tackled and restrained by passengers, isextremely unusual. But airline procedures, which require two pilots and lockedcockpit (驾驶座舱)doors, protected the public, Gellmansays.Some previous incidents of bad behavior by pilots have been fatal,showing that airline procedures cannot save lives when pilots choose to ignorethem.On Feb. 12, 2009, Colgan Air Flight 3407 iced up and crashed inBuffalo, N.Y., after a series of mistakes by tired pilots, according to theNational Transportation Safety Board. Both the captain and first officer had traveledfor hours before taking controls of the plane in Newark, and the young firstofficer, Rebecca Lynne Shaw, was heard on the flight recorder saying she hadlittle experience dealing with icy conditions. When ice caused the flight tostall(失速)，captain Marvin Renslow erred and made the stall worse, crashing theplane and killing 50 people,according to the NTSB. The board also concludedthat Shaw and Renslow had been chitchatting in the cockpit."They weren't properly trained and weren't able to handle thesituation," Gellman says.In 2008, an Air Canada co-pilot was forcibly removed from aToronto-to-London flight, restrained andsedated(给服镇静剂)after having a mental breakdown andspeaking to God while behind the controls at 30,000 feet. The plane landed safelyin Ireland.Ｏn Oct. 31, 1999,Egypt Air Flight 990 crashed into the AtlanticOcean off the Massachusetts coast due,according to the NTSB, to the deliberateaction of first officer Gameel Al-Batouti. The Boeing 767 crashed with dozensof Egyptian military officers aboard who were returning from helicopter flighttraining in the USA at a time when the Egyptian government was at war withradical Islamists. Al-Batouti, an Islamist sympathizer, "wanted to get ridof the helicopter pilots and crashed the airplane," Gellman says.Ｏn Oct. 14, 2004, two pilots taking an empty airliner from LittleRock, Ark., to Minneapolis decided to explore the limits of their PinnacleAirlines plane. Captain Jesse Rhodes and first officer Peter Cesarz took the planeto 41,000, the maximum approved altitude for the plane, and then failed tofollow proper procedure when the plane stalled and the engines shut down,according to the NTSB; After trying unsuccessfully to restart the engines whilegliding, they crashed behind several homes 2.5 miles from an airport. Bothcrewmembers were killed.A 1956 mid-air collision that investigators blamed on pilotstrying to give passengers better views of the Grand Canyon resulted in arevamping(改写)of the role of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA．in patrolling the airways.The pilots were maneuvering around cloud formations over thecanyon and collided, killing 128 people."It was a watershed(分水岭) event because it changed thewhole approach to air traffic control," Gellman says. Congress reacted byincreasing funding for the FAA, giving it the capability to monitor aircraft"in the airways not just in the terminal," Gellman says.Investigations of deadly accidents over the years have resulted insafety procedures, such as requiring two pilots and locking cockpit doors,which helped preserve lives in the JetBlue incident, Gellman says."Even if the captain had insisted on making trouble in thecockpit, I think the first officer would have been able to handle it,"Gellman says. "That's why we have two people in there."Dave Funk, a retired Northwest Airlines captain now an aviationconsultant with Laird &amp; Associates, says the JetBlue flight might have beensaved by the co-pilot, who barred an incapacitated (不胜任的) Ｏsbonfrom the cockpit. "The first officer recognized the gravity of thesituation and solved the problem," Funk says.The co-pilot's quick thinking on that flight is analogous tocaptain "Sully" Sullenberger landing a US Airways flight on New York'sHudson River with no lives lost, Funk says. "We gave him a bunch of brokeneggs.He made scrambled eggs. He didn't make eggs over medium. "Funk says pilots today face more worries than they did years ago,when airlines like TWA and now-defunct Pan Am projected an image of employees who have"this wonderful life, have great benefits, fly around the world,fall inlove, all in their 20s. "Instead, he says, pilots today are dealing with "the crappyeconomy, the political fights each day. Is Washington going to get attackedThat's going to create stress. "Pilots, in particular, have to deal with alot more stresses in their job because of the intense security situation,Funksays."It's the greatest job in the world when you get to the endof the runway," Funk says. "All the crap you have to get through to make it to therunway doesn't make it worth it to a lot of us anymore."{TS}Tuesday's JetBlue incident is __________.A. an incident of unprofessional pilot behaviorB. the major cause of a plane crashC. an example showing that the air travel is still the safest mode oftransportation by farD. an example showing how the airline proceduresprotect the public(2)Why does Aaron Gellman think air travel is still the safest mode oftransportation by farA. There have been hardly any incident resulting from unprofessionalbehavior.B. Cases like the JetBlue incident arer are.C. Pilots always emphasize the safety of the public.D. The first officer is always there to help the captain.(3)The immediate cause of the crash of Colgan Air Flight 3407is __________.A. the captain was chitchatting with the first officerB. thc young first officer had little experience dealing with icyconditionsC. both the captain and the first officer were quite tired after along-time journeyD. the captain Marvin Renslow's mistaken operation(4)What do captain Clayton Osbon and a co-pilot of Air Canadahave in commonA. They are both experienced pilots.B. They are both Christians.C. They both had a mental problem during the flying mission.D. They both have to take responsibility for their misdeeds.(5)According to this passage, who deliberately crashed anairplaneA. Jesse Rhodes and Peter Cesarz.B. Gameel A1-Batouti.C. Dave Funk.D. Clayton Osbon.(6)What was regarded as a watershed eventA. A 1956 mid-air collision.B. The JetBtue incident.C. Two pilots trying to explore the limits of theirplane.D. An Egyptian plane crashing into the Atlantic Ocean.(7)Requiting two pilots is an important safety measurebecause __________.A. two pilots can oversee each other during the flightB. two pilots can take turns flying the planeC. when one is sick, the other will be able to take his/her placeD. they help prevent deadly accidents快速阅读（填空）(1)回答{TSE}题Bad behavior incockpit has proven deadlyTerrifying incidents of bad pilot behavior like a JetBlue pilot'smeltdown this week are not unprecedented in the history of commercial aviationand have sometimes caused deadly crashes.Nevertheless, the list of incidents resulting from unprofessionalpilot behavior over a 50-year history and millions of flights show that"it's a very rare thing," says aviation safety expert Aaron Gellmanof the KelloggSchool of Management at Northwestern University. "And evenwith what's happened in the past, it's the safest mode of transportation byfar."Tuesday's JetBlue incident, where the FBI alleges captain Clayton Ｏsbon started Speaking nonsense tohis first officer and was later tackled and restrained by passengers, isextremely unusual. But airline procedures, which require two pilots and lockedcockpit (驾驶座舱)doors, protected the public, Gellmansays.Some previous incidents of bad behavior by pilots have been fatal,showing that airline procedures cannot save lives when pilots choose to ignorethem.On Feb. 12, 2009, Colgan Air Flight 3407 iced up and crashed inBuffalo, N.Y., after a series of mistakes by tired pilots, according to theNational Transportation Safety Board. Both the captain and first officer had traveledfor hours before taking controls of the plane in Newark, and the young firstofficer, Rebecca Lynne Shaw, was heard on the flight recorder saying she hadlittle experience dealing with icy conditions. When ice caused the flight tostall(失速)，captain Marvin Renslow erred and made the stall worse, crashing theplane and killing 50 people,according to the NTSB. The board also concludedthat Shaw and Renslow had been chitchatting in the cockpit."They weren't properly trained and weren't able to handle thesituation," Gellman says.In 2008, an Air Canada co-pilot was forcibly removed from aToronto-to-London flight, restrained andsedated(给服镇静剂)after having a mental breakdown andspeaking to God while behind the controls at 30,000 feet. The plane landed safelyin Ireland.Ｏn Oct. 31, 1999, Egypt Air Flight 990 crashed into the AtlanticOcean off the Massachusetts coast due,according to the NTSB, to the deliberateaction of first officer Gameel Al-Batouti. The Boeing 767 crashed with dozensof Egyptian military officers aboard who were returning from helicopter flighttraining in the USA at a time when the Egyptian government was at war withradical Islamists. Al-Batouti, an Islamist sympathizer, "wanted to get ridof the helicopter pilots and crashed the airplane," Gellman says.Ｏn Oct. 14, 2004, two pilots taking an empty airliner from LittleRock, Ark., to Minneapolis decided to explore the limits of their PinnacleAirlines plane. Captain Jesse Rhodes and first officer Peter Cesarz took the planeto 41,000, the maximum approved altitude for the plane, and then failed tofollow proper procedure when the plane stalled and the engines shut down,according to the NTSB; After trying unsuccessfully to restart the engines whilegliding, they crashed behind several homes 2.5 miles from an airport. Bothcrewmembers were killed.A 1956 mid-air collision that investigators blamed on pilotstrying to give passengers better views of the Grand Canyon resulted in arevamping(改写)of the role of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA．in patrolling the airways.The pilots were maneuvering around cloud formations over thecanyon and collided, killing 128 people."It was a watershed(分水岭) event because it changed thewhole approach to air traffic control," Gellman says. Congress reacted byincreasing funding for the FAA, giving it the capability to monitor aircraft"in the airways not just in the terminal," Gellman says.Investigations of deadly accidents over the years have resulted insafety procedures, such as requiring two pilotsand locking cockpit doors,which helped preserve lives in the JetBlue incident, Gellman says."Even if the captain had insisted on making trouble in thecockpit, I think the first officer would have been able to handle it,"Gellman says. "That's why we have two people in there."Dave Funk, a retired Northwest Airlines captain now an aviationconsultant with Laird &amp; Associates, says the JetBlue flight might have beensaved by the co-pilot, who barred an incapacitated (不胜任的) Ｏsbonfrom the cockpit. "The first officer recognized the gravity of thesituation and solved the problem," Funk says.The co-pilot's quick thinking on that flight is analogous tocaptain "Sully" Sullenberger landing a US Airways flight on New York'sHudson River with no lives lost, Funk says. "We gave him a bunch of brokeneggs.He made scrambled eggs. He didn't make eggs over medium. "Funk says pilots today face more worries than they did years ago,when airlines like TWA and now-defunct Pan Am projected an image of employees who have"this wonderful life, have great benefits, fly around the world,fall inlove, all in their 20s. "Instead, he says, pilots today are dealing with "the crappyeconomy, the political fights each day. Is Washington going to get attackedThat's going to create stress. "Pilots, in particular, have to deal with alot more stresses in their job because of the intense security situation,Funksays."It's the greatest job in the world when you get to the endof the runway," Funk says. "All the crap you have to get through to make it to therunway doesn't make it worth it to a lot of us anymore."{TS}The JetBlue flight was to some extent saved by theco-pilot because he recognizedand solved the problem.(2)Years ago, people admired the pilots who worked forairlines such as__________since it seemed that they earned a lot of money,could travel around the world and fell in love early.(3)Pilots nowadays have to deal with a lot more stresses than beforebecauseof __________.听力ABPart III Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）(1)回答{TSE}题Women with low literacy suffer disproportionately more than men,encountering more <u>47 </u>in finding awell-paying job and being twice as likely to end up in the group of lowest wageearners, a study released on Wednesday said.Analysis by the Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR) foundwomen at all levels of<u> 48 </u>tend toearn less than men, but it's at the lowest literacy levels that the wage gapbetween genders is most striking.Women with low literacy are twice as <u>49 </u>as men at the same skill level to be amongthe lowest earners,bringing in $300 a week or less, the report said."Because women start off so low in terms of wages, havinghigher literacy and more skills really <u>50 </u>a big difference," said Kevin Miller,a 51research associate at IWPR and co-author of the study.Women need to go <u>52 </u>in their training and education level to earnthe same as men, Miller said.The <u>53 </u>was based on 2009 National Assessment ofAdult Literacy surveys, the most recent data <u>54 </u>,and focused on reading skills, not writingand numeric literacy. That data was <u>55 </u>from a nationally representative sample of19,714 people aged 16 and older, living inhouseholds or prisons.Data showed about one-third of American adults have low literacylevels, and more than 36 percent of men and 33 percent of women fall into that <u>56 </u>, the institute said.A．pattern I．conductedB．senior J．independentC．longer K．literacyD．difficulties L．analysisE．category M．likelyF．collected N．furtherG．positions Ｏ．makesH．available{TS}47__________(2)48__________(3)49__________(4)50__________(5)51__________(6)52__________(7)53__________(8)54__________(9)55__________(10)56__________(11)回答{TSE}题An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentratedas that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services: forinstance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, the harbors. Thearea of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital andambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer andinformation services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, thewhole economic system is in danger.It is this economic interdependency of the economic system whichmakes the power of trade unions (工会)such an important issue. Single trade unionshave the ability to cut off many countries' economic blood supply.This can happen more easily in Britain than in some othercountries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 percentof British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the UnitedStates.For historical reasons,Britain's unions have tended to developalong trade (行业) and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industrybasis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement ofprocedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade unionmovement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Someunions have lost many members because of their industrial changes.Ｏthers are involved in arguments about who should represent workersin new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions,which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a sourceof bad feelings between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushedout of existence by advancing technologies,unions can fight for their members'disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatenedor destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and inBritain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on totheir traditional highly-paid jobs.Trade unions have problems of internal communication just asmanagers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or inthose which bring workers in very different industries together into a single generalunion．Some tradeunion officials have to be re．elected regularly；others are elected，or even appointed，for life．Trade union officials have to workwith a system of“shop stewards”(工厂工人代表)in many unions，“shop stewards”being workers elected by other workers as theirrepresentatives at factory or work level．{TS}Why is the trade union power crucial in BritainA. Because the economy is very interdependent．B. Because the unions have been established a long time．C. Because there are more unions in Britain than elsewhere．D. Because there are many essential services offered by the unions．(12)Because of their out-of-date organization，someunions find it diffcult to__________．A. bargain for high enough wagesB. get new members to joinC. learn new technologiesD. change as industries change(13)Disagreements arise between unions because some of them__________．A. try to win over members of other unionsB. ignore agreementsC. protect their own members at the expense of othersD. take over other unions’jobs(14)Why does the author compare the trade unions with managers incompaniesA. They are both influential in company affairs．B. They both face problems of internal communication．C. They both work with a system of“shopstewards”．D. They both work efficiently.(15)The title which best expresses the idea of the text wouldbe__________．A. British Trade Unions and Their DrawbacksB. A Centralized and Concentrated SocietyC. The Power of Trade Unions in BritainD. The Structure of British Trade Unions(16)回答{TSE}题One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is thatHarvard University，the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States，is UOW engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be，and whether it is measuring up(符合标准)．Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions，it is asking--still in private rather than in public--whether itspast assumptions about faculty，authority，admissions，courses of study，are really relevant to the problems of our society．Should Harvard or any other university—be an intellectualsanctuary，apart from the political and social revolution of the age，or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with thesepolitical and social revolutions；or even an engine ofthe revolution This is what is being discussed privately in the bigclapboard(楔形板)houses of faculty members around theHarvard Yard．The issue was defined by Walter Lippmann，a distinguished Harvard graduate，many years ago．“If the universities are todo their work，”he said，“they must be independent and they mustbe disinterested…They are places to which men can turn for unbiased judgments．Obviously，the moment the universities fallunder political control，or under the control of privateinterests，or the moment they themselves take a hand inpolitics and the leadership of government，their valueas independent and disinterested sources of judgment is impaired…”This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today．Another part is the argument ofthe militant and even many moderated students：that auniversity is the keeper of our ideals and morals，andshould not be“disinterested”but activist in bringingthe Nation’s ideals and actions together．Harvard’s men of today seem more troubled and less sure aboutpersonal，political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning．They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolvetheir problems，but they are struggling with themprivately，and how they come out is bound to influenceAmerican university and political life in the 21st century．{TS}A "paradox"(Line 1, Paragraph 1) is __________.A. an unusual situationB. a difficult puzzleC. a parenthetical expressionD. a self-contradiction(17)The word "sanctuary" in paragraph 3 refers to__________.A. a holy place dedicated to a. certain godB. a temple or nunnery of the middle ageC. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishapsD. an academy for intelligent people(18)The issues in the debate on Harvard's goals are whether theuniversities should remain independent of our society and its problems, andwhether they should __________.A. fight off militarismB. exert greater influence upon the young generationC. take an active part in solving the society's illsD. reconsider the structure of institutes and departments(19)In regard to their goals and purposes in life, the authorbelieves that Harvard men are becomingA. more sure about themB. less sure about themC. more hopeful of reaching a satisfactory answerD. less interested in them(20)In the author's judgment, the ferment going on at HarvardA. will influence the future of AmericaB. will soon be over, because times are bound to changeC. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friendsD. is a sad symbol of our general bewildermentPartIV Cloze（15 minutes）(1)回答{TSE}题Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Language is the most astonishingbehavior in the animal kingdom. It is the species-typical behavior that setshumans completely<u> 67 </u>from all other animals. Language is a means ofcommunication, <u>68 </u>it is much more than that. Many animals can <u>69</u>.The dance of the honeybee communicates the location of flowers <u>70 </u>othermembers of the hive (蜂群). But human languagepermits communication about anything,<u> 71 </u>things like unicorns (独角兽) that have never existed. The key<u> 72</u> in the fact that theunits of meaning, words, can be <u>73</u> together in different ways, accordingto <u>74 </u>, to communicate different nguage is the most important learning we do. Nothing <u>75 </u>humans so much as our ability to communicate abstractthoughts, <u>76 </u>about the universe, the mind, love, dreams,or ordering a drink. It is an immensely complex <u>77 </u>that we take for granted. Indeed, we are notaware of most <u>78 </u>of our speech and understanding. Consider whathappens when one person is speaking to <u>79 </u>The speaker has to translate thoughts into <u>80 </u>language. Brain imaging studies suggest thatthe time from thoughts to the <u>81 </u>ofspeech is extremely fast, only 0.04 seconds! The listener must hear the soundsto <u>82 </u>out what the speaker means. He must use thesounds of speech to <u>83 </u>the words spoken, understand the pattern of <u>84 </u>of the words (sentences), and finally<u> 85 </u>the meaning. This takes somewhat longer, aminimum of about 0.5 seconds. But <u>86 </u>started, it is of course a continuous process.{TS}A．apartA. offB. upC. down(2)A. soB. butC. orD. for(3)A. transferB. transmitC. conveyD. communicate(4)A. toB. fromC. overD. on(5)A. onlyB. almostC. evenD. just(6)A. staysB. situatesC. hidesD. lies(7)A. stuckB. strungC. rungD. consisted(8)A. rulesB. scalesC. lawsD. standards(9)A. combinesB. containsC. definesD. declares(10)A. whatB. whetherC. whileD. if(11)A. prospectB. progressC. processD. produce(12)A. aspectsB. abstractsC. anglesD. assumptions(13)A. anybodyB. anotherC. otherD. everybody(14)A. bodyB. gestureC. writtenD. spoken(15)A. growingB. fixingC. beginningD. building(16)A. putB. takeC. drawD. figure(17)A. identifyB. locateC. revealD. discover(18)A. performanceB. organizationC. designD. layout(19)A. prescribeB. justifyC. utterD. interpret(20)A. sinceB. afterC. onceD. untilPart V Translation （5 minutes）(1)____________________(我刚刚打开电脑)than the power was off．(2)Had ____________________(如果你早点告诉我她已经回美国了)，1 wouldnot have taken all the trouble paying her a visit．(3)Finally he admitted that. (他入不敷出)．(4)____________________ (看似荒唐)，the tale is true．(5)All the experiments____________________ (已经提前完成)，they decided to take iteasy for a while．答案和解析Part I Writing（30 minutes）(1) :[范文]<strong>The Traffic Jam</strong>The traffic jam is a serious problem in big cities. During therush hours, traffic may sometimes be held up for as long as more than an hour.Students are late for classes; workers of every walk of life are late for work;and travelers miss their trains or flights. The inconvenience caused by trafficjams is so much that everyone agrees something must be done about it.First, we must find out the cause of the problem. Most peopleblame it on the increasing numbers of cars.Yet this is only one factor. Another reason is the relativelyunder-developed infrastructure construction, namely,the lack of wide roads,streets and highways. Furthermore, people's weak sense of traffic regulationsmay result in more road accidents that in turn add to the seriousness oftraffic jams.To solve the problem, stiffer punishment for breaking trafficrules is necessary. Besides, a long-term planning of road construction must betaken into consideration. Still another solution will be the advocacy of publictransports and car-pool, an effective means to increase the transport capacityduring rush hours.【译文】交通拥堵交通拥堵是大城市所面临的一个严重问题。

2013年6月大学英语四级考试试题Part Writing (30 minute)Directions: For this part ,you are allowed 30minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline when bellow:1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题Part II Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning ) (15 minute)HighwayA government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and congress passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944,which called for strict, centric controlled desert criteria.The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century .To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridge and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic, features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load. Innovative, designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of American.Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida ,and remarkable tunnels like Fort Mchenry in Maryland and Mr. baker in Washington developed under the nation's physical challenges, Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.Today the interstate system links every major city in the U.S, and the U.S with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians, or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, our engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads)By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of jobs, access to the growth options in terms of jobs access to cultural programs health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they enrich most: personal freedom of mobility.The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation's economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation's freight deliveries arrive by truck. And most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle.Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations ,motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The high way system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: "Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear -United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts."1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.2. General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-lane highways of America.3. It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a national highway system.4. Many of the problems presented by the country’s geograp hical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects.5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads.6. The interstate highway system provides access between major military installations in America.7. Services stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.8. The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was___________9.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than__________________10.The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition_____________Part Ⅲ Listening ComprehensionSection A11. A)The girls got on well with each other. B)It's understandable that girls don't get along.C)She was angry with the other young stars. D)The girls lacked the courage to fight.12. A)The woman does her own housework. B)The woman needs a housekeeper.C)The woman's house is in a mess. D)The woman works as a housekeeper.13. A)The Edwards are quite well-off.B)The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.C)It'll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house.D)It's too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.14.A)The woman didn't except it to be so warm at noon. B)The woman is sensitive to weather changes.C)The weather forecast was unreliable D)The weather turned cold all of a sudden.15. A)At a clinic. B)At a restaurant. C)In a supermarket. D)In an ice cream shop.16. A)The woman did not feel any danger growing up in the Bronx.B)The man thinks it was quite safe living in the Bronx district.C)The woman started working at an early age to support her family .D)The man doesn’t think it safe to send an 8-year-old to buy things.17. A)The man has never seen the woman before. B)The two speakers work for the same company.C)The two speakers work in the same floor. D)The woman is interested in market research.18. A)The woman can't tolerate any noise. B)The man is looking foe an apartment.C)The man has missed his appointment. D)the woman is going to take a train trip.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A)To make a business report to the woman . B)To be interviewed for a job in the woman's company.C)To resign from his position in the woman's company. D)To exchange stock market information with the woman.20. A)He is head of a small trading company. B)He works in an international insurance company.C)He leads s team of brokers in a big company. D)He is a public relations officer in a small company.21. A)The woman thinks Mr. Saunders is asking for more than they can offer.B)Mr. Saunders will share one third of the woman's responsibilities.C)Mr. Saunders believes that he deserves more paid vacations.D)The woman seems to be satisfied with Mr. Saunders' past experience.22. A)She's worried about the seminar. B)The man keeps interrupting her.C)She finds it too hard. D)She lacks interest in it.23. A)The lecturers are boring. B)The course is poorly designed.C)She prefers Philosophy to English. D)She enjoys literature more.24. A)Karen's friend. B)Karen's parents. C)Karen's lecturers. D)Karen's herself.25. A)Changing her major. B)Spending less of her parents' money.C)Getting transferred to the English Department. D)Leaving the university.Section BPassage One Question 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Rent a grave. B) Burn the body. C) Bury the dead near a church. D)buy a piece of land for a grave.27. A) To solve the problem of lack of land. B)To see whether they have decayed.C)To follow the Greek religious practice. D)To move them to a multi-Storey28. A)They should be buried lying down . B)They should be buried standing up.C)They should be buried after being washed. D)They should be buried when partially decayed.29. A)Burning dead bodies to ashes. B)Storing dead bodies in a remote place.C)Placing dead bodies in a bone room. D)Digging up dead bodies after three years.Passage Two Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A)Many foreign tourist visit the Unite States every year. B)Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C)The United States is a country of immigrants. D)Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.31. A)They can make friends with people from other countries.B)They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.C)They can practice speaking foreign languages there.D)They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.32. A)The couple cook the dishes and the children help them .B)The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the address.C)The mother does the cooking while the famepand children within the guests.D)A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests.Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard .33. A)He took them to watch a basketball game. B)He trained them to play European football.C)He let them compete in getting balls out of a basket. D)He taught them to play an exciting new game.34. A)The players found the basket too high to teach. B)The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket.C)The players had difficulty understanding the complex rules. D)The players soon found the game boring.35. A)By removing the bottom of the basket. B)By lowering the position of the basket.C)By simplifying the complex rules. D)By altering the size Of the basket.Section CF or American time is money. They say, “you only get so much time in this life; you'd better use it wisely." The(36)__________without be better than the past or present. As American are (37)__________to see things, unless people use their time for constructive activity, Thus American(38)__________a "well-organized" person is punctual and is(40)__________of other people's time. They do not (41)__________people's time with conversation or other activity that has no(42)__________beneficial outcome.The American attitude toward time is not (43)__________shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They aremore likely to regard time as (44)__________.One of the more difficult things many students must adjust to in the states is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.In the contest (45)__________.McDonald’s, KFC, and eating meals. As McDonald’s restaurants(46)__________, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness.Part IV reading comprehension(reading in depth)Section AEI Nino is name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange ___47_____happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风)，which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in ____48____,the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in form the east to warm up by as much as 5`C.The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid(潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe ___49___thunderstorms.The rainfall is increased across South American ____50____floods to Peru. In the West pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and____51____.EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most___52____weather in modern history .Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds ____53___of damage. The 1990 EI Nino will ____55___,but they are still not __56___sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.A)estimate B)strength C)deliberately D)notify E)tropical F)phenomenon G)stable H)attractionI)completely J)destructive K)starvation L)bringing M)exhaustion N)worth O)strikeSection BPassage OneCommunications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded-and can come back to haunt(困扰)you appears to be the key to the finding.Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, Mew York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation foe each medium .He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages,27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.His resolves to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment(非直接接触）of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.People are also more likely to lie in real time in a instant message or phone call say-than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He fond many lies are spontaneous(脱口而出的)responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?"Hancock hopes his research will help companies work our the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium foe sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.57.Hancock's study focuses on ____________.A)the consequences of lying in various communications’ media.B)the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas.C)people are less likely to lie in instant messages.D)people 's honesty levels across a range of communications media.58.Hancock's research finding surprised those who believed that________________.A)people are less likely to lie in instant messages. B)people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions.C)people are most likely to lie in email communication D)People are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations.59. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?A)They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies. B)They believe that honesty is the best policy.C)They tend to be relaxed when using those media. D)They are most practiced at those forms of communication.60. According to Hancock the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because____________.A)Salesmen can talk directly to their customers. B)Salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate.C)Salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy. D)Salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively.61. It can be inferred from the passage that_____________.A)Honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsB)more employers will use emails to communicate with their employeesC)suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesD) email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company.Passage TwoIn a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come to work and live here? In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.On December .11,2001,as part of the effort to increase homeland security ,federal and local authorities in 14 states staged "Operation Safe Travel" -raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification(身份证明).In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South American .Authorities said the undocumented worker's illegal status made them open to blank mall(讹诈)by terrorists Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. “We’re saying we want you to work in these places, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it's convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept.11, then you’re disposable Ther e are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,” Anderson said.If Sept.11 had never happened the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely .Ana Castro, a ,mana ger at a Ben & Jerry’s ice cream shop at the airport had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation(驱逐出境)。

大学四级模拟Part ⅠWritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On lnternet Rumors. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1.最近网络上的谣言比较多2.这种现象可有造成危害3.解决这一问题的办法On Internet RumorsPart ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . For questions 8-20, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Community College SqueezeEighteen-year-old Jenna Tibbitts has a near-perfect GPA(Grade Point Average), and her parents can afford to send her to the four-year university of her choice. But the New Jersey senior is opting instead to attend nearby Atlantic Cape Community College on a scholarship for two years before transferring to a four-year school so that she can reduce the overall cost of her education. "It just makes more sense," Tibbitts says.Similarly, Sarah Tibbling, 18, an honor student from Vernon, N.J., plans to attend Sussex County Community College next fall,a move she sees as a stepping-stone on the way to getting her degree at a four-year institution. "Community college is more popular with students these days," she says, and that's reduced some of the negative stigma (污名)." It's no longer considered a place for lower-level students."Like Tibbling and Tibbitts, high-achieving high-school graduates nationwide are increasingly putting four-year institutions on hold and enrolling at community colleges for part of their education. According to a survey from the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities, nearly one-fifth of private colleges and universities reported a smaller than anticipated freshman class this fall. At the same time, the American Association of Community Colleges reports that community-college enrollment rose 8 to 10 percent. That's not unexpected--community-college enrollment usually climbs during a down economy as newly unemployed workers look to get additional training. But normally, the age of the average student rises, whereas this time around, the average age on campus has remained low because there are so many more traditional-aged students, say administrators. "The segment of fresh high-school graduates is growing fast," says Anson Smith, public relations coordinator for Housatonic Community College in Bridgeport, Conn.Community-college administrators are thrilled to attract top performers,but they also worry that the influx (涌进) of students who can afford other options is squeezing out the disadvantaged students such schools were built to serve. Most community colleges have open admission--no SAT(Scholastic Aptitude Test)or GPA required--but classroom slots fill up on a rolling basis. "Unfortunately for students who can't make plans in advance, they will get to the doors and find out there is no room," says Northern Virginia Community College President Robert Templin. Many students typically register for classes later on because they're unprepared to navigate the system, he says, and they're often first-generation college students or coming from underperforming high schools. While administrators like Templin have made efforts to reach out to less-advantaged students earlier in high school,he says it's difficult to offer individualized support to a burgeoning (生机勃勃的) prospective student population. "Many community-colleges administrators are very fearful that middle class students will come and squeeze out poorer and moderate-income students," he says.At most schools, the pressure is mounting. Community-college enrollment spiked this fall, but the schools were already experiencing a trend of increased enrollment. From 2000 to 2006, enrollment grew 10 percent, according to the most recent data from the National Center for Education Statistics. George Boggs, president of the American Association of Community Colleges, attributes the growth to changes in the general perception of community colleges. "Our reputation has continued to improve," he says. According to a 2008 report from the Department of Education, the proportion of high-school seniors with high standardized-test scores and strong overall qualifications enrolling in community colleges has grown since 1992.The report also found that two-thirds of students who apply to community colleges intend to go on to earn a four- year degree at another institution. Still, some college counselors remain wary about advising high-performing students to take this route. "The community college may not be a good academic fit for all students," says Bob Bardwell, a guidance counselor in Monson,Mass. "Some complain it's not challengingenough." Furthermore, he adds, students often find it's not as easy to transfer into the four-year schools they want as they might have thought.But just when their profile is improving and demand is climbing, community colleges are seeing their resources disappear. The struggling economy has prompted state and local government, the main revenue source for most community colleges, to cut back on budgets, which means freezing new hires and slashing class sections. "The funding gets cut at the worst possible time," says Boggs. According to a 2007 survey conducted by the National Council of State Directors of Community Colleges, 16 states reported that they lacked the capacity to meet the projected community- college needs of high-school graduates in their states. Leo Chavez, president of Sierra College in Rocklin, Calif., is bracing for further budget cuts, though he already had to turn away many prospective students this fall. "We have students coming to us in droves," he says."It's really a crisis. Applications are rising dramatically and, at the same time, we are reducing what we can offer."As is the case nationwide, in California, applications are already pouring in for the fall 2009 semester; the state's Community College League estimates that up to 250,000 students will have to be turned away. Simone The lemaque, 24, of Palo Alto,Calif. ,knows that frustration firsthand. She worked as a waitress to save enough money for classes at nearby Foothill College. But when she went to register in July, two months before the start of the semester, she was already too late. Her math and English classes were already at capacity. "It's really discouraging," she says. Unlike some other students,she can't afford to take classes anywhere else. But Thelemaque hasn't given up. She's hoping to get the classes this upcoming semester and if she can't, she'll try again next year. She's determined to get a college degree, because it's what she needs to get her dream job:she wants to be a teacher.1.Why does Jenna Tibbitts choose to attend Atlantic Cape Community College first instead of the four-year university'?A) She has a near-perfect GPA. B) Her parents are worried about her safety.C) She wants to reduce the cost. D) She is not ready to go to university.2.What does Sarah Tibbling say about community college?A) It's just a stepping-stone to society.B) It's more popular than a four-year institution.C) It's the only way to getting a higher degree.D) It was once considered a place for poor-achieving students. 3.What did the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities find about some private colleges and universities?A) Their enrollments decrease. B) Their enrollments climb up.C) Their students' average age rises. D) Their students' average age remains low.4.Why has the average age on community college campus remained low this year?A) There are fewer unemployed workers.B) The recession drives people to get training early.C) There are more fresh high-school graduates.D) There are fewer adult students for additional training.5.The original purpose of community colleges was to serve______.A) the underperforming students B) the top graduatesC) the students from poor families D) the middle-class students6.According to George Boggs, what has contributed to the increasing enrollments of community colleges?A) The improved reputation of the community colleges.B) The rapid growth of the economy.C) The high standardized-test scores of students.D) The increased number of fresh high-school graduates.7.What do some students complain about community college according to Bob Bardwell?A) Its tuition fee is too high to be afforded.B) Its courses are targeted at high-performing students.C) Its facilities are not enough for everyone.D) Its courses are not challenging enough.8.According to Leo Chavez, due to budget cuts, his community college has to turn down many______.9.Simone Thelemaque failed in applying for Foothill College because she was______for registration.10.Before Simone Thelemaque could get her dream job,she has to get______.Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre .You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Species can respond to global warming in two ways: adapt and survive, or die. Biologists foresee climate change driving many species to (47) over the next century,especially those that are unable to adjust (48) enough. Plants and animals evolved to (49) in specific ecological environment, and while some may adapt to new environments--and many have already--for many others, it will take time. But the changes driven by human-generated greenhouse gases may be coming on too fast.That's exactly what appears to be happening with the worldwide lizard (蜥蜴) population. A few years ago, a team of herpetologists (爬虫学家) first noticed a suspicious pattern of extinctions among populations of European lizards. At the time,it wasn't (50) why they were dying--it could have been global warming,but it also could have been disease or loss of habitat. So researchers set out to get the hard evidence, ultimately launching a global study that (51) drew in more than two dozen scientists from around the world.The results,appearing in the May 14 issue of Science, are (52) :populations of lizards have been lost on five continents over the past few decades, and based on these extinction patterns--and the current (53) of global warming--scientists (54) that by 2080 nearly 40% of all lizard populations and 20% of lizard species could vanish. Given that lizards are a key (55) of food for many birds, snakes and other animals, and are important predators of insects,the (56) of these animals could have major influence up and down the food chain.A) clear I) predictB) distinguish J) disappearanceC) extinction K) expectD) vividly L) surviveE) eventually M) sourceF) believable N) dramaticG) rapidly O) rateH) originSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One"Do you know what the most complex mass of protoplasm (原生质) on earth is?"Marian Diamond asks her students on the first day of anatomy class as she casually opens a flowery hatbox and lifts out a preserved human brain. "This mass only weighs 3 lb., and yet it has the capacity to conceive of a universe a billion light-years across. Isn't that marvelous?"Diamond is an esteemed neuroanatomist (神经解剖学家) and one of the most admired professors at the University of California, Berkeley. It would be a privilege for anyone to sit in on her lectures. And, in fact, anyone can. Videos of her popular course are available free online, part of a growing movement by academic institutions worldwide to open their once exclusive halls to all who want to peek inside. In March,YouTube launched an education hub called YouTube Edu, dedicated exclusively to videos from the more than 100 schools--ranging from Grand Rapids Community College to Harvard Business School--that have set up official channels on the site. Liberated from the stew of pop-culture vlogs (视频博客) and silly cat videos, the collection highlights how much free education is out there.The bigger question is, why have colleges started posting all this stuff at no charge? "Schools have always wanted to have their own area where they could be among their peer institutions and help with the discovery of their content," says Obadiah Greenberg,who leads the project at YouTube.The volume of YouTube Edu's content, which includes campus tours and other nonacademic material, can be overwhelming, but the view-count sorting feature helps users quickly locate must-see videos, which they can comment on and rate on a five-star scale.There is clearly a big appetite for all kinds of online lectures. But one of the most interesting consequences of open courseware may be its impact on teachers,who have a new way to get feedback--and exposure."It used to be that research was No. 1. Now people are working harder to be better teachers," Diamond says. Sifting through e-mails, the 82-year-old professor reads overmessages she's saved from students and teachers who watched her lectures from as far away as England and Egypt. "At this time of life, when everybody else is retiring and stepping aside, thinking they've done it all, you're getting this worldwide connection. It's beautiful."57. Why can anyone have the privilege to listen to Diamond's lecture?A) Everyone can have the opportunity to tour around the campus.B) Her university opens its door to all who want to study there.C) Videos of her courses are now available to people online.D) She has been touring around the world to give lectures.58. What do we know about YouTube Edu?A) It is aimed to open lectures to all who want to have a look.B) It helps many schools to set up official channels online.C) Viewers can comment on the videos of courses on the site.D) It is a collection of pop-culture vlogs and fun videos.59.According to Greenberg,colleges post the courses online for free to______.A) claim its status in a particular area B) attract potential studentsC) follow the innovation in education D) share their intellectual property60.According to the passage, how could students find the most popular videos quickly in YouTube Edu?A) By entering the title of the video. B) By referring to the view-count sorting.C) By reading the viewers' comments. D) By using an open courseware.61.What is the positive influence the online video courses have on teachers?A) They can pay more attention to research.B) They can know better about students' responses.C) They can delay their retiring time.D) They can connect worldwide teachers together.Passage TwoAdmit it: at some point in your life, you've been completely obsessed. Obsessed with a particular project perhaps, or a great author,or that hot senior who smiled at you once when you were a freshman. Obsession is common and typically harmless, often a powerful motivator and a source of artistic inspiration. Yet its extremes are also feared and criticized, because they form the foundation for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a disease that has apparently exploded in prevalence in recent decades. How exactly can we reconcile two conflicting notions of the same phenomenon?Perhaps we can't--but we can gain some insight by taking a closer look at society's complex history with obsession, Lennard J. Davis assumes in his new book. Since the 18th century our understanding of obsession has evolved from believing it to be an incurable "madness", thought to afflict a small number of people who were typically poor, to a potentially curable disease afflicting many, including the upper classes.Mental illnesses such as OCD and depression (or at least the tendencies toward them)have practically become a hallmark of passion. This association could partially explain why such illnesses are now so commonly diagnosed, Davis maintains since 1970 diagnoses of OCD have increased at least 40-fold.Davis's book also provides biographies of famous artists and psychiatrists with obsessive tendencies. Those who have a purely scientific interest in OCD, however, may find themselves a little bored at times. However, Davis makes several interesting points. For one thing, he says, the difference between OCD and healthy obsession may simply be self- perception. People with OCD feel they are abnormal and wish they could change; obsessive people who do not have OCD--including people with "obsessive-compulsive personality", considered by psychiatrists to be normal--feel just fine.Considering the close relation between OCD and "healthy obsessions" ,Davis argues that we tend to draw too strong a line between the healthy and the pathological (病态的). Many people have careers that require repetitive-almost obsessive—attention,and most of us take notice of warnings to take careful precautions in our daily routines to stay healthy and protect ourselves. "We suffer from many requirements of modern life that make us focus on one thing, or many single things," Davis writes. OCD, he explains, is simply a subcategory (子范畴) of what we all do every single day.62. How does the author understand obsession?A) It is a popular project that improves people's feeling.B) It is a h~rmless thing that motivates and inspires people.C) It is a kind of mental illness which is fearful and prevalent.D) It is a symptom that will certainly develop into OCD.63.What is Lennard J. Davis's opinion towards the reconciliation of the two notions?A) People are definitely unable to reconcile the two notions.B) People today have to look at the OCD closely.C) It's not difficult to reconcile the two notions.D) People can comprehend them through history observation.64.How do people's views about obsession evolve?A) People nowadays believe obsessions may be generally curable.B) People in the past believed it was madness carried by all classes.C) People in the past believed it was an incurable physical disease.D) People nowadays believe only upper class carry the disease.65.What may be the difference between obsessive people and people with OCD according to Davis?A) People with OCD behave abnormally but think they are normal.B) The two kinds of people just have different self-perceptions.C) People with OCD have obsessive-compulsive personality.D) Obsessive people think they are better than people with OCD.66. What attitude to OCD and healthy obsession should people take in life?A) People should draw a line between OCD and healthy obsession.B) People would better take careful measures to fight OCD.C) People should not make a fuss of obsession.D) People with careers requiring obsessive attention should worry about themselves.Part ⅤClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.There is not much new about people's doubts about organic food. Many are beginning to believe that organic food is not all that it is cracked up to be and they (67) having to pay a premium for it. The British have always (68) price to quality when it comes (69) food, and with no new scandal to (70)our fears and minds,we have reverted (恢复, 重提) to type.The organic movement itself has not helped matters much. There is such an absurd proliferation (增值,繁茂) of (71)licensed to declare products as organic, each with differing (72) for what constitutes organic.There will always be a very small sector of the market which will buy organic products on an ethical (73) , and another which remains convinced by the health arguments,(74)these remain tiny in (75) to the food market as a whole. The conversion of the mass market to the organic way depended on either a) continuing food scares~or b) strongly 76 benefits (77) quality and flavor if it was to ride over the (78) British obsession with price.Well,we have run out of food scares for the time being, and the trouble is that the qualitative differences between organic and non-organic foods are not (79)obvious. There were, are, some splendid products, but far too many were badly (80) , (81) made or simply (82) . The differential in price is not (83) by a visible improvement 84 quality.In the end, (85) ,whether or not the organic sector (86) or fades will not depend on public demand or public skepticism. It will depend on what the supermarkets decide to sell us.67. A) like B) resent C) resemble D) reside68. A) preferred B) liked C) increased D) chose69. A) in B) with C) about D) to70. A) inspire B) attack C) focus D) prevent71. A) parties B) ambitions C) bodies D) foreigners72. A) criteria B) criticism C) creativity D) crafts73. A) range B) dependence C) basement D) basis74. A) for B) but C) so D) or75. A) interest B) benefit C) relation D) extreme76. A) recognized B) judged C) approved D) perceived77. A) in view of B) in terms of C) thanks to D) reliable to78. A) traditional B) radical C) historic D) ordinary79. A) hardly B) scarcely C) readily D) clearly80. A) cooked B) conceived C) eaten D) sold81. A) well B) perfectly C) badly D) wisely82. A) unsatisfied B) terrific C) dreary D) upset83. A) matched B) compared C) replaced D) balanced84. A) about B) at C) under D) in85. A) furthermore B) however C) in addition D) consequently86 A) disappears B) enriches C) flourishes D) perishesPart ⅥTranslationDirections: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese givenin brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.87. ______(如果这种动物灭绝了) ,our future generation would not even have a chance to see it.88. ______(就个人能力而言) ,he is competent for the work.89. Anyone______(犯罪)can not escape being punished.90. My parents always educated me to ______(预留一些钱以备急用).91. ______(在三个月内掌握一门外语)is not an easy thing,but he made it.。

C OLLEGE S TUDENTS’J OB H UNTING----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 O NLINE R OMANCE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 O N C OMPROMISES AND S ACRIFICES ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 L ANDING A J OB R ELATED TO THE M AJOR OR N OT ------------------------------------------------------ 2 W HERE TO G O,E MPTY-N ESTERS? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 College St udents’ Job Hunting1)近年来出现大学生就业难的现象2)产生这一现象的原因3)如何解决这一问题College Students’ Job HuntingNowadays, the employment of college students is becoming more and more of a problem. About a decade ago, university students could find satisfactory and enviable jobs after graduation, while the things are quite different at present. In addition, according to statistics, about 30% of graduate students can’t find a job but stay at home after graduation.Employment difficulty of college students is due to the following reasons. Among these, the increasing recruitment of colleges and universities plays a vital role. In addition, many colleges and universities fail to adapt their courses to the development of economy.Considering the seriousness of unemployment of college students, I think it is high time that we took effective measures to solve the problem. Above all, college students should realize their own defects and further improve themselves to keep their competitive edge in society. Moreover, colleges or universities should provide more trainings and internship opportunities before the students enter the society. Besides, college students should hold a right attitude towards jobs and set their job expectations at a suitable level. Only through these ways can the college students find a satisfactory job and have a brighter future.Online Romance1）随着互联网的普及，出现了很多网络恋情2）人们对此褒贬不一3）你的看法Online RomanceWith the widespread of the Internet, there have appeared many online romances. The lovers meet over the I nternet, date on the net and finally fall in love with each other. People’s opinions on it vary greatly.Some people think online love is very romantic and exciting. It is an amazing thing that the Internet brings together two strange persons far away from each other. Moreover, they think that online romance, compared with realistic love, attaches more emphasis on the appeal to each other in spirit and involves less material conditions. However, many others think differently. In their eyes, the Internet is a virtual world, on which there impossibly exist real, enduring love since it is very difficult to tell the real from the fake by the Internet. Besides, they argue that pursuing online romance is sometimes very dangerous because there are many cheaters on the net.As far as I am concerned, it is an easy and fast way for people to make new people by the Internet. However, people should have more protection and safety consciousness when making friends by the Internet. Don’t give out rashly your personal infor mation to strangers on the net. And keep it in your mind that you should have more realistic knowledge of each other before starting a romance.On Compromises and Sacrifices1. 很多年轻人过分看重个人利益而不愿意“吃亏”2. 但是有人认为吃亏是福，理由是……3. 我的看法…… 范文与点评On Compromises and Sacrifices① Partly because of the prevailing trend of egoism, youngsters In growing numbers attach excessive importance to their personal interest and are unwilling to make any compromises or sacrifices. ②This newly-arisen trend has led to a heated discussion*③A great many people hold the views that being ready to make compromises and sacrifices is indeed of great benefit. ④To begin with, this can greatly enhance our awareness of being collaborative. If everyone centers on his own interest, he cannot expect sincere cooperation with others. ©Furthermore, to be generous and considerate of others' feeling can make us get on well with others. ⑥We can prevent conflicts from arising and temporary sacrifices will create a harmonious living environment.⑦Personally, I am fully convinced that, as a youngster, by no means are we supposed to focus only on our personal interest. ⑧ Making compromises and sacrifices will definitely prove to be rewarding in the long run.Landing a Job Related to the Major or Not1. 很多大学生毕业后从事的工作与所学专业关系不大，原因是……2. 有人认为应该找与专业相关的工作,也有人认为无关紧要3. 我的看法…… 范文与点评Landing a Job Related to the Major or Not①A good many university graduates are forced to find jobs distantly related to their majors, partly because of the fierce competition in the employment market. ©As long as a job can be available, less attention is given to the relation between the scope of work and their majors.③As is argued by many，this may indicate that the four years' study in the university is a complete waste of time and efforts. ④In this case, what is the point of studying so industriously in the university? ⑤Others, however, believe that university is a place where one's integrated quality can be improved ⑥ Thus whatever field one is going to be engaged in, the comprehensive quality fostered in university is of great value.⑦ Besides, youngsters have to give priority to a chance of being employed for living, even if the work is somehow detached from what they have learned in university.⑧As for me, in this society full of stress and competition, to find a job is of vital importance. If the precious chance of being employed is given，we should make good use of the experience in university and learn in practice.Where to Go, Empty-Nesters?1. 很多空巢老人遭受心理上的空虚和寂寞2. 有些老人选择去福利院生活，原因是……3. 我的看法…… 范文与点评Where to Go, Empty-Nesters?① Empty-nesters，elderly parents with all children growing into their own and moving away， are proneto feel lonely or sad，even depressed and anxious if not addressed. It seems that, for a better life, a number of them have to find ways of filling their emptiness.② Many empty-nesters choose to live in a nursing home.③ Firstly, they find professional assistance and caring for 24 hours a day in a nursing considering a majority of them are suffering from some physical problems.④Secondly* living with other senior citizens offers them more companions and new friends，or briefly, a sense of community. ©What's more, many considerate parents willingly tend to alleviate their children's burden in life so that their children can devote themselves to their work as long as they make sure that their parents are safe and well attended.©As for me, it is a good but not the only or best choice. ⑦But what if parents can not afford to live in a nursing home? What if parents prefer the freedom at home to the structured life in a nursing one?⑧ Therefore，it might be a better answer to find new meaning of their lives by fulfilling their new goals and accomplishments. For instance, they can relearn or cultivate a hobby.⑨Besides, local communities are obliged to organize more recreational activities and provide necessary help.。

Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.11.W: What are you doing in here, Sir? Didn't you see the private sign over there?M: I'm sorry. I didn't notice it when I came in. I'm looking for the manager's office.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?12.W: Mike, what's the problem? You've known from month the report is due today.M: I know, but I'm afraid I need another few days. The data is hard to interpret than I expected.Q: What does the man mean?13.W: Excuse me, Tony. Has my parcel from New York arrived?M: Unfortunately, it's been delayed due to the bad weather.Q: What is the woman waiting for?14.W: Pam said we won't have the psychology test until the end of next week.M: Ellen, you should know better than to take Pam's words for anything.Q: What doesthe man imply about Pam?15.W: Tom, would you please watch my suitcase for a minute? I need to go make a quick phone call.M: Yeah, sure. Take your time. Our train doesn’t leave for another twenty minutes.Q: What does the man mean?16.M: Frankly, Mary is not what I'd called easy-going.W: I see. People in our neighborhood find it hard to believe she's my twin sister.Q: What does the woman imply?17.M: How soon do you think this can be cleaned?W: We have same day service, sir. You can pick up your suit after five o'clock.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?18.W: I really enjoy that piece you just play on the piano. I bet you get a lot of requests for it.M: You said it. People just can't get enough of it.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Section BQuestions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Chen, and I’ll be interviewing you. How are you today?M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?W: Good, Thanks. Can you tell me something about your experience in this kind of work?M: Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan. Now I work part time because I also go to school at night. I’m getting a business degree.W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job?M: I’ll finish school in a few months, and I’d like a full-time position with more responsibility.W: And why would you like to work for our company?M: Because I know your company’s work and I like it.W: Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?M: Of course, I’m good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take classes in Spanish at the local college. And I like travelling a lot.W: Can you give me any references?M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. McCaw, my boss, at the Brownstone Company. I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers.W: All right, Mr. Jones, and would you like to ask me any questions?M: Yes, I wonder when I’ll be informed about my application for the job.W: Well, we’ll let you know as soon as possible. Let’s stay in touch. Thank you very much for coming this afternoon.M: Thank you.Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What does the man say about his working experience?20. Why does the man want to leave his present job?21. What is the man interested in?22. What question did the man ask the woman？Questions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.M: Lisa, Lisa! Over here, darling! It's wonderful to see you. Oh, Lisa, you look marvelous.W: Oh, Paul, you look tired. Two months away in the capital? Paul, I think you've been working too hard.M: I'm fine. The city is very hot this time of the year. It's good to get back to some fresh air. You know, Lisa, what they say about pregnant women really is true.W: What's that Paul?M: They say they look beautiful.W: Well, I had a lot of tension while you've been studying hard on your course in D.C.M: Oh?W: Oh, don't worry, all from a man over 50. Father has told all his business friends the good news about the baby. And the phone hasn't stopped ringing.M: Oh, look, darling. There's a taxi.W: Paul, tell me about the special project you mentioned on the phone. You sounded very excited about it!M: You know, I've learned a lot from the project. I'm surprised that was still in business.W: That's because we have a wonderful sales manager ——you!M: Thanks. But that's not the problem at all. Lisa, our little company, and it is little compared to the giants in the city. Our little company's in danger. We are out of date.We need to expand. If we don't, we will be swallowed up by one of the giants.Questions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. What do we learn about Lisa?24. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?25. What does the man say about his company?Section CPassage 1Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.Farmington, Utah, is a more pleasant community since a local girls' 4-H club improved Main Street. Six 4-H girls worked to clean the 72 foot curbside that was covered with weeds, rocks and trash. Each member volunteered to clean up and to dig in plot, five flats of flowers. They also took terms in watering, weeding and maintaining the plot. Participation in this project helped the girls developed a new attitude towards their parents of their own homes; they've learned how to work with tools, and improve their work habits. One mother said that before her daughter was involved in this project, she would not even pour a weed. The experience on Main Street stimulated self-improvement, and encouraged members to take pride in their home grounds and the total community. City officials cooperated with the 4-H members in planting trees, building cooking facilities, pick-me tables, swings and public rest rooms. The 4-H girls planted trees and took care of them during the early stages of growth. The total park project needed more plantings in the following years. Members of the 4-H club agreed to follow the project through to completion, because they receive satisfaction from the results of constructive work. The project is a growing one and is spread from the park to the school and the shopping center. Trees and flowers have all been planted in the shopping center, making the atmosphere pleasant.Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What do we learn about Main Street in Farmington?27. What do the 4-H club members do about the curbside?28. What have the 4-H girls learned from the project?29. Why do the 4-H girls agree to follow the park project through to complete.Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.Passage 2According to a survey on reading conducted in 2001 by the U.S. National Education Association (NEA), young Americans say reading is important, more important than computers and science. Over 50% of the 12 to 18 years old interviewed say they enjoy reading a lot. 79% find it stimulating and interesting. And 87% think it is relaxing. About 68% of those surveyed disagreed with the opinion that reading is boring or old-fashioned.Over half teenagers interviewed said they read more than ten books a year. The results also show that middle school students read more books than high schoolers. Over 66% of teens like to read fiction, such as novels and stories. Over 26% are interested in non-fiction, such history books.64% of students listed reading stories about people my own age. That's a favorite topic. Mysteries and detective stories came second on the list at 53%. Just under 50% said they were interested in reading about their own culture in tradition. Of the teenagers who participated in the survey, 49%said that libraries are where they get most of their books. However, many complain that their school libraries do not have enough up-to-date interesting books and magazines. Even though many teenagers in the US enjoy reading, they still have other interests. When asked which activity would be the most difficult to give up for a week, 48% said listening to music. TV would be difficult to give up for 25% of those surveyed.Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. What does the survey on teenager reading show?31. What books are most popular among teenagers according to the survey?32. What activity do teenagers find the most difficult to give up for a week?Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Passage 3Thank you for coming, everyone. Today’s presentation will show how we see the development of the motor car in the short to medium term, and that is why we have invited all of you here today. Let’s start with power. It’s clear that petrol-driven engines have no future. Already there are many alternative fuel vehicles on the market, powered by anything from solar power to natural gas. Some independent thinkers have even produced cars that run on vegetable oil. But as we all know, of all these alternative fuel vehicles, the most practical are electric vehicles. Sure, in the past electric vehicles have their problems, namely, a limited driving range, and very few recharging points, which limited their use. Now, however, recent developments in electric vehicle technology mean they can match conventional petrol engines in terms of performance and safety. Let’s not forget that electric vehicles ar e cleaner. Plus, importantly, the power source is rechargeable, so this does not involve using any valuable resources. Moving on to communications, very soon, cars will be linked to GPS satellites, so they’ll do all the driving for you. What controls remain for the users will be audio-based, so, for example, you’ll just have to say “a bit warmer”, and the air conditioning will adjust automatically. You’ll also be able to receive email, music and movies, all via an internet link. So just type in the destination you want, sit back, sleep, watch your movie, whatever.Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. What is the presentation mainly about?34. What used to restrict the use of electric vehicles?35. What does the speaker say about electric vehicles of today?2013年6月大学英语四级考试Part III Listening Comprehension长对话答案+解析Conversation 1【听力原文】W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Chen, and I’ll be interviewing you. How are you today?M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?Good, Thanks.W: Can you tell me something about your experiences in this kind of work?M: Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan. Now I work part time because I also go to school at night. I’m getting a business degree.W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job?M: I’ll finish school in a few months, and I’d like a full-time position with more responsibility.W: And why would you like to work for our company?M: Because I know your company’s work, and I like it.W: Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?M: Of course, I’m good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take classes in Spanish at the local college. And I like travelling a lot.W: Can you give me any references?M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. McCaw, my boss, at the Brownstone Company. I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers.W: All right, Mr. Jones, and would you like to ask me any questions?M: Yes, I wonder when I’ll be informed about my application for the job?W: Well, we’ll let you know as soon as possible. Let’s stay in touch. Thank you very much for coming this afternoon.M: Thank you.Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What does the man say about his working experience?20. Why does the man want to leave his present job?21. What is the man interested in?22. What question did the man ask the woman？【总评】这是一篇以面试为场景的听力对话。