2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：100

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Parents often fall into the trap of offering other food in order to（） the child to eat. 问题1选项A.temptB.manipulateC.incenseD.escort【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。

tempt “吸引，诱使”；manipulate “操作，操控”；incense “使激怒”；escort“护送，陪同”。

句意：家长们常常陷入困境，通过别的食物来吸引孩子好好吃饭。

选项A符合句意。

2.翻译题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet.In the U.S., citizens tend to rely on electronic media such as TV rather than print media. TV news tends to provide numerous visuals and abbreviated textual information. (1) Although TV news stories pitch “on-the-scene reporting”, and other eye-catching images to viewers, the actual stories are generally so brief that were the reports transcribed into newspaper copy, no single story would have enough text to cover a third of a page. It is remarkable to consider how little information is conveyed between all the exciting visuals. (2) It is also remarkable to stop and think about how inadequately informed citizens may be if their primary source of political knowledge is the picture-rich and data-poor TV evening news. Moreover, because U.S. media companies are primarily privately owned, (3) media professionals are under pressure to present news in an entertaining way in order to expand their audiences and corresponding advertising revenues. Large audiences create higher profits from advertising sales. With a few exceptions, U.S. TV and radio stations are like other businesses: They need to generate money to cover operating costs and make profits. If media professionals are convinced that viewers want entertaining news rather than in-depth details, this assumption affects the kind of news they produce. Not surprisingly, political scientists have found that news coverage of election campaigns tends to focus on the personal lives of candidates rather than on issues, and (4) when issues are reported the emphasis is often on the immediate and most dramatic implications of the issues, not on the historical, long-term, or global dimensions of those issues.At the same time, insofar as television and Internet-based news must be generated quickly, time pressures impede extensive independent investigations. Because U.S. citizens conceptualize news as something occurring by the hour or minute, U.S. media professionals are often putting together news stories under severe time restraints. (5) Some analysts believe that this increases the tendency of reporters to get information from official sources rather than from the reporters’ own independent investigations of newsworthy events. Think about this issue from the standpoint of reporters and editors. If you are a reporter assigned the task of doing a story on a state’s new prison system, for example, you will find it is quicker and easier to get a governor’s press release on the new prison than it is to go to libraries, data banks, and university research centers to investigate the topic on your own. This does not suggest that investigative journalism never occurs; rather, many scholars believe that time pressures tend to encourage the use of information provided by official sources (for example, political leaders and their press secretaries) rather than the collection of facts through ongoing independent research.【答案】【参考译文】（1）虽然电视新闻故事多推崇“现场报道”或者其他吸人眼球的形象，但是实际上这些故事通常都很简短，要是把这些报道转写成报纸版面的话，它们任何一个都占不了三分之一的版面。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Youngsters who drink and smoke, and are often absent from school are far more likely to be （） from school.问题1选项A.inducedB.disobeyedC.expelledD.forbidden【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。

选项A, B, D都不能与介词from搭配应用。

be expelled from school意为被学校开除, 符合句意。

句意：酗酒、吸烟、经常旷课的青少年更有可能被学校开除。

2.单选题At the press conference, the Prime Minister（）the government’s refusal to compromise with terrorists.问题1选项A.rectifiedB.recitedC.rekindledD.reiterated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。

rectify“调整，矫正”；recite “背诵，叙述”；rekindle “复燃”；reiterate “重申，重复”。

句意：在记者招待会上，首相重申了政府拒绝向恐怖分子妥协这一申明。

选项D符合题意。

3.单选题Why be（）about that old coat? There’s no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when you first met me.问题1选项A.sensitiveB.sensibleC.sentimentalD.sensational【答案】C【解析】be sentimental about sth.为固定搭配，意为“对....很伤感”。

4.单选题The aim of the president’s speech was to convince still reluctant countries of the great necessity of imposing sanctions against the countries that（）terrorists.问题1选项A.kidnappedB.harassedC.heckledD.harbored【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Legally,the term refers to “any substance, with [A]intended use, which results or may reasonably expected to result—directly or indirectly—[B]from its becoming a component or [C]otherwise affecting the characteristics of any food” . This definition include s any substance used in the production, processing, [D]treatment, packaging, transportation orstorage of food.问题1选项A.intendedB.fromC.otherwise affectingD.treatment【答案】D【解析】考查语义。

D选项treatment“处理，待遇”与其前面的processing“加工”在词义上是重复的，应删除。

2.单选题Alternatively, it can be presented by a careful arrangement of objective facts, where psychological development is described purely in terms of behavior, and where the reader’s subjective response is elicited by the minute descriptions of physical reality, as in the greatest Chinese novels like The Dream of the Red Chamber, which convinces the reader that through the novel he is seeing reality itself rather than an artfully contrived semblance of reality.问题1选项A.appearanceB.criticismC.occurrenceD.contrast【答案】A【解析】句中引用了红楼梦，说到它让读者相信自己通过小说看到的是现实本身，划线部分是对比，而不是现实的……。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题Translate the underlined sentences into good Chinese.The American tradition has found this view of human history repugnant and false.（1）This tradition sees the world as many, not as one. These empirical instincts, the preference for fact over logic, for deed over dogma, have found their most brilliant expression in the writings of William James and in the approach to philosophical problems which James called “radical empiricism”. Against the belief in the all-encompassing power of a single explanation, against the commitment to the absolutism of ideology, against the notion that all answers to political and social problems can be found in the back of some sacred book, against the deterministic interpretation of history, against the closed universe,（2）James stood for what he called the unfinished universe ― a universe marked by growth, variety, ambiguity, mystery, and contingency ― a universe where free men may find partial truths, but where no mortal man will ever get an absolute grip on Absolute Truth, a universe where social progress depends not on capitulation to a single, all-consuming body of doctrine, but on the unforced intercourse of unconstrained minds.Thus ideology and pragmatism differ radically in their views of history. They differ just as radically in their approach to issues of public policy. The ideologist, by mistaking models for reality, always misleads as to the possibilities and consequences of public decision. The history of the twentieth century is a record of the manifold ways in which humanity has been betrayed by ideology.Let us take an example from contemporary history.（3）It is evident now, for example, that the choice between private and public means, that choice which has obsessed so much recent political and economic discussion in underdeveloped countries, is not a matter of religious principle. It is not a moral issue to be decided on absolutist grounds, either by those on the right who regard the use of public means as wicked and sinful, or by those on the left who regard the use of private means wicked and sinful. It is simply a practical question as to which means can best achieve the desired end. It is a problem to be answered not by theology but by experience and experiment. Indeed, I would suggest that we might well banish some overloaded words from intellectual discourse. They belong to the vocabulary of demagoguery, not to the vocabulary of analysis.So, with the invention of the mixed society, pragmatism has triumphed over absolutism. As a consequence, the world is coming to understand that the mixed economy offered the instrumentalities through which one can unite social control with individual freedom. But ideology is a drug; no matter how much it is exposed by experience, the craving for it still persists. That craving will, no doubt, always persist, so long as there is human hunger for an all-embracing, all-explanatory system, so long indeed as political philosophy is shaped by the compulsion to return to the womb.The oldest philosophical problem, we have noted, is the relationship between the one and the one and the many. Surely the basic conflict of our times is precisely the conflict between those who would reduce the world to one and those who see the world as many—between those who believe that the world is evolving in a single direction, along a single predestined line, toward a single predestined conclusion, and those who think that humanity in the future, as in the past, will continue to evolve in diverse directions, toward diverse conclusions, according to the diverse traditions, values, and purposes of diverse peoples. It is a choice, in short, between dogmatism and pragmatism, between the theological society and the experimental society.Ideologists are afraid of the free flow of ideas, even of deviant ideas within their own ideology. They are convinced they have a monopoly on the Truth. Therefore they always feel that they are only saving the world when they slaughter the heretics.（4）Their objective remains that of making the world over in the image of their dogmatic ideology. The goal is a monolithic world, organized on die principle of infallibility — but the only certainty in an absolute system is the certainty of absolute abuse.The goal of free men is quite different. Free men know many truths, but they doubt whether any mortal man knows the Truth. Their religious and their intellectual heritage join in leading them to suspect fellow men who lay claim to infallibility. They believe that there is no greater delusion than for man to mistake himself for God.（5）They accept the limitations of the human intellect and the infirmity of the human spirit. The distinctive human triumph, in their judgment, lies in the capacity to understand the frailty of human striving but to strive nonetheless.【答案】1.这种传统将世界看成“多”，而不是“一”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The police [A]had decided not to proceed with a prosecution against Irwin, [B]clearly recognizing that it was highly unlikely that any jury in the land [C]would wish to punish him for doing something that doctors have long done in the final moments of a [D]patient’s or friend’s lives.问题1选项A.had decidedB.clearly recognizingC.would wishD.patient’s or friend’s lives【答案】D【解析】考查名词用法。

D选项处a patient’s 和 a friend’s中间是or，因此后面的life为单数形式，应把lives改为life。

2.单选题The French mathematician de Laplace next reasoned that if enough mass （）added to a star like the sun, the gravitational force of the star（） eventually prevent light particles from leaving it; it would therefore “blink out” and become an invisible black star.问题1选项A.were...wouldB.was...wouldC.was...would haveD.were...would have【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He doesn’t know much about politics,but he’s always shooting off his mouth about how good he is. He is somewhat of a/an（）.问题1选项A.dogmatistB.adventurerC.braggartD.humbler【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项dogmatist“教条主义者；独断家”；B选项adventurer“冒险家”；C选项braggart“吹牛者；好自夸者”；D选项humbler“谦虚的人”。

句意：他不了解政治，但他总脱口而出夸赞自己有多好。

他多少是个……。

C选项符合题意。

2.单选题The truth about alliances and their merit probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics.问题1选项A.collaborationB.worthC.triumphD.defect【答案】B【解析】merit“优点，价值，功绩”。

A选项collaboration“合作，勾结”；B选项worth“价值，财产”；C选项triumph“生理，凯旋”；D选项defect“缺点，不足之处”。

B选项与merit“价值”这一意思相近，因此B选项符合题意。

3.单选题Cultural continuities with Africa were not dependent on importation and （）of specific folktales in their pristine form.问题1选项A.perpetuationB.perceptibilityC.perpetrationD.perplexity【答案】A【解析】考查形近名词辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The founders, as was the case of almost all their successors, were long on exhortation and rhetoric regarding the value of civic education, but they left it to the textbook writers to distill the essence of those values for school children.问题1选项A.infuseB.disseminateC.extractD.demonstrate【答案】C【解析】划线词的宾语是the essence of those values for school children，从那些价值观中……本质。

A选项infuse“灌输；浸渍”；B选项disseminate“宣传；散步”；C选项extract“提取；提炼”；D选项demonstrate“证明；展示”。

联系句意可知“从那些价值观中提取本质”逻辑通顺，因此C选项符合题意。

2.单选题Gender-based violence encompasses a wide range of human rights violations, including sexual abuse of children, rape, domestic violence, sexual assault and harassment, trafficking of women and girls and several harmful traditional practices.问题1选项A.batteringB.tradingC.veneratingD.craving【答案】B【解析】句意：基于性别的暴力包括广泛的侵犯人权行为，包括对儿童的性虐待、强奸、家庭暴力、性侵犯和骚扰、……妇女和女童以及若干有害的传统做法。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.写作题Write a 100—120-word summary of the article in this part.【答案】In this excerpt from a novel, the author tells the story of a newly married couple on a train in Texas. At the beginning，the author gives a detailed description of the couple, which shows that they are not rich. By portraying the luxurious furnishings in the train, the author demonstrates the incompatibility of the characters with their surroundings. The author also mentions how others have mocked the couple. The article ends with the couple's experience in the dining car, where they feel stressful by an ordinary meal served by a waiter. The protagonist's experience highlights the conflict between the old and the new, the poor and the rich.2.单选题（） is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power is sentimental and anemic.问题1选项A.WhatB.WhichC.ThatD.Whether【答案】A【解析】考查主语从句。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our children’s college and our own retirement security is chilling.问题1选项A.frighteningB.promisingC.freezingD.revealing【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。

chilling指令人寒心的，使人恐惧的。

选项A与之意思相近，正确。

2.单选题问题1选项A.sent upB.sent offC.sent outD.sent in 【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。

send up使上升；send off寄出，派遣；send out发送；send in递送，呈报。

根据句意可知，这里指“递交辞呈”，所以选项D符合句意。

3.翻译题Physicists all over the world, back in 1895, were pretty much agreeing that the great work of physics had all been done. Some of them mourned publicly that no discoveries of truly major importance were likely to be made in the future. But then they did not know that a Professor Roentgen, working alone in a modest laboratory in Germany, had begun a series of experiments with a crude induction coil, a pear-shaped bulb from which the air had been removed, and a sheet of paper painted with certain metallic salts. And Professor Roentgen did not know that his work was destined to reveal a force of nature—never before suspected—that would almost overnight revolutionize medicine and technology, and become a instrument for deeper probing of the structure of matter.【答案】在1895年，全世界的物理学家普遍认为所有有关物理的伟大研究都已经完成了，他们中的有些人甚至公开宣称将来不可能再出现真正有意义的重大发现了。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet.A man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways: as a member of some familial, professional or religious group, or as a member of a crowd. (1) Groups are capable of being as moral and intelligent as the individuals who form them; a crowd is chaotic, has no purpose of its own and is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking. Assembled in a crowd, people lose their powers of reasoning and their capacity for moral choice. Their suggestibility is increased to the point where they cease to have any judgment or will of their own. They become very excitable, they lose all sense of individual or collective responsibility, and they are subject to sudden accesses of rage, enthusiasm and panic. In a word, a man in a crowd behaves as though he had swallowed a large dose of some powerful intoxicant. (2) The crowd-intoxicated individual escapes from responsibility, intelligence and morality into a kind of frantic, animal mindlessness.Unlike the masses, intellectuals have a taste for rationality and an interest in facts. Their critical habit of mind makes them resistant to the kind of propaganda that works so well on the majority. Intellectuals are the kind of people who demand evidence and are shocked by logical inconsistencies and fallacies. (3) They regard over-simplification as the original sin of the mind and have no use for the slogans, the unqualified assertions and sweeping generalizations which are the propagandist’s stock in trade. Philosophy teaches us to feel uncertain about the things that seem to us self-evident. (4) Propaganda, on the other hand, teaches us to accept as self-evident matters about which it would be reasonable to suspend our judgment or to feel doubt. The propagandist must therefore be consistently dogmatic. All his statements are made without qualification. (5) There are no grays in his picture of the world; everything is either diabolically black or celestially white. He must never admit that he might be wrong or that people with a different point of view might be even partially right. Opponents should not be argued with; they should be attacked, shouted down, or, if they become too much of a nuisance, liquidated. The morally squeamish intellectual may be shocked by this kind of thing. But the masses are always convinced that right is on the side of the active aggressor.”【答案】【参考译文】（1）群体具有与其组成成员同等水平的道德和智慧；然而人群是混乱的，没有自己的目标，除了理智的行动和现实的思考之外，它什么都能做。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The founders, as was the case of almost all their successors, were long on exhortation and rhetoric regarding the value of civic education, but they left it to the textbook writers to distill the essence of those values for school children.问题1选项A.infuseB.disseminateC.extractD.demonstrate【答案】C【解析】划线词的宾语是the essence of those values for school children，从那些价值观中……本质。

A选项infuse“灌输；浸渍”；B选项disseminate“宣传；散步”；C选项extract“提取；提炼”；D选项demonstrate“证明；展示”。

联系句意可知“从那些价值观中提取本质”逻辑通顺，因此C选项符合题意。

2.单选题Unless the announced sale could be explained to the public on grounds other than anticipated future losses, the value of the stock would plummet and, like the old-time capitalists, major investors could cut their losses only by helping to restore their companies’ productivity.问题1选项A.enhanceB.maximizeC.restoreD.plunge【答案】D【解析】句意：除非宣布的出售能够以预期未来亏损以外的理由向公众解释，否则该公司股票的价值将……，而且与过去的资本家一样，主要投资者只有帮助恢复公司的生产率，才能减少亏损。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.填空题Austrian physician Alfred Adler theorized that people are primarily motivated to overcome inherent feelings of ________. (inferior)【答案】inferiority【解析】【考查点】名词。

【解题思路】feelings of ________是名词所有格结构，所以横线处应为名词。

根据关键词inherent feelings，可知这里讲的和感受相关，feeling of inferiority的意思为“自卑感”，inferiority符合语境。

【句意】奥地利医生阿尔弗雷德•阿德勒提出理论，即人们的动机主要是克服内在的自卑感。

2.单选题If you reinstate old-fashioned values about money and work, you can give your children a precious gift: the key to self-sufficiency.问题1选项A.resolveB.restoreC.redressD.resort【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. resolve 解决（问题或困难）B. restore 恢复（某种情况或感受）C. redress 纠正，矫正D. resort 诉诸，求助于【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】reinstate的意思为“使恢复原职，使重返岗位”，在这里指的是恢复对传统价值观的信任，让传统价值观再次发挥作用，restore与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】如果你恢复关于金钱和工作的传统价值观，你就可以给你的孩子一份珍贵的礼物，也就是自给自足的关键。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Toyota said on Tuesday that it will（） its annual year-end sales event early.问题1选项A.give awayB.fix onC.kick offD.bring up【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。

give away “放弃，分发”；fix on “确定，固定”；kick off “开始”；bring up“提出，养育”。

句意：星期二，丰田汽车公司宣布将提前开展其一年一度的年终促销活动。

选项C符合句意。

2.单选题I looked at Mum and thought（） she was as nice as she looked maybe all our lives would have been better.问题1选项A.only ifB.if onlyC.even ifD.even though【答案】B【解析】考察固定搭配。

only if只有；even if = even though即使；if only “要是……就”；句意为：我注视着母亲，心想：要是她像看上去那么和蔼可亲就好了，这样我们的生活也许会变得更好。

选项B符合句意。

3.单选题Mist steals silently in, turns familiar landscapes strange, dampens sounds, ________ vision—then clears suddenly and without warning.问题1选项A.spoilsB.blowsC.tearsD.blurs【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. spoils 破坏，糟蹋B. blows 吹，刮C. tears 撕裂，撕开D. blurs 视线模糊，看不清【考查点】动词辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The theory that business could operate totally without the aid of government has proved to be a （）.问题1选项A.allusionB.seclusionC.illusionD.confusion【答案】C【解析】考察名词辨析。

allusion “暗示”；seclusion “与世隔绝”；illusion “幻想；错觉”；confusion“混乱；困惑”。

句意：认为商业运营能够完全脱离政府援助的这种观点是一种幻想。

选项C 符合句意。

2.单选题The closer one can get to reality, the easier the learning by the student,（） that the necessary knowledge has been given previously to facilitate comprehension.问题1选项A.soB.despiteC.suchD.provided【答案】D【解析】考察连词辨析。

so 因此，despite 尽管，such 如此；provided that “如果，假设”;句意：如果先前已经学习了能够帮助理解的必要知识，那么距离现实越近，学习就会越容易。

选项D符合句意。

3.单选题The Egyptians used to believe that literacy was divine. Scholars no longer ________ that theory, but why ancient civilizations developed writing was a mystery for a long time.问题1选项A.embraceB.involveC.formulateprehend【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. embrace 接受，采纳B. involve 包含，牵涉C. formulate 制订，规划D. comprehend 理解，领悟【考查点】动词辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A knowledge of history（）us to deal with the vast range of problems confronting the contemporary world.问题1选项A.equipsB.providesC.offersD.satisfies【答案】A【解析】equip sb.使某人做好准备，使具备......的能力；provide sb. with提供某人某物；offer sb.+sth.提供某人某物。

satisfy sb. with sth.使某人对某物感到满意。

句意：历史知识使我们能够处理当代世界面临的各种各样的问题。

选项A符合句意。

2.单选题The soldier was（） of running away when the enemy attacked.问题1选项A.scoldedB.chargedC.accusedD.punished【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。

scold和punish一般与介词for搭配；charge一般指具有法律效应的控告；accuse 一般指指控，指责。

be accused of为固定搭配，意为“被指控”。

选项C符合句意。

3.单选题Management operates through various（）, often classified as planning, organ leading/motivating and controlling.问题1选项A.foundationsB.functionsC.rolesD.relations【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。

句意: 管理部门通过各种职能运作，通常分为规划、机构领导/激励和控制。

只有选项B有职能的意思，所以本题选B。

4.单选题According to the latest report, consumer confidence（） a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in ten years.问题1选项A.soaredB.mutatedC.plummetedD.fluctuated【答案】C【解析】soared飙升；mutated突变，变异；plummeted骤然下跌；fluctuated波动。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题An important consequence arises because the social security program is purely pay-as-you-go financed,（）most pension plans,at least in the private sector, are fully funded. Thus, greater contracting-out implies greater prefunding of pension commitments.问题1选项A.whereasB.becauseC.so thatD.therefore【答案】A【解析】考查逻辑关系。

空格前句意：社会保障项目是量入为出提供资金的。

空格后句意：大多数养老计划是全额提供资金。

两句间形成转折关系。

四个选项中只有A选项whereas表示转折，因此A选项正确。

2.单选题What are [A]the qualities that a person needs in order to make a great speech? There is an old Chinese saying [B]that goes, “a man is good because of his mouth, and a horse is good because of its legs.” Humans [C]have ability to communicate through speech, and in speech we have a special opportunity [D]to make impact.问题1选项A.the qualitiesB.that goesC.have abilityD.to make impact【答案】D【解析】考查固定用法。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题It was （）the last time around the track （）I really kicked it in—passing the gossiping girlfriends, blocking out the whistles of boys who had already completed their run and now were hanging out on the grassy hill, I ran---pushing hard, breathing shallowly, knowing full well that I was going to have to hear about it from my disapproving friends for the next few days.问题1选项A.not until...whenB.not until...thatC.until...whenD.until...that【答案】B【解析】由选项及题干可知本题考查“not…until…”强调句型“It is/was not until … that…”，因此B选项符合题意。

2.单选题According to the Koran, it was on a Tuesday that Allah created darkness. Last September 11, when suicide pilots were crashing commercial airliners into crowded American buildings, I did not have to look to the calendar to see what day it was: Dark Tuesday was casting its long shadow across Manhattan and along the Potomac River. I was also not surprised that despite the seven or so trillion dollars that we have spent since 1950 on what is euphemistically called “defense,” th ere would have been no advance warning from the FBI or CIA or Defense Intelligence Agency.While the Bushites have been eagerly preparing for the last war but two—missiles from North Korea, clearly marked with flags, would rain down on Portland, Oregon, only to be intercepted by our missile-shield balloons—the foxy Osama bin Laden knew that all he needed for his holy war on the infidel were fliers willing to kill themselves along with those random passengers who happened to be aboard hijacked airliners.For several decades there has been an unrelenting demonization of the Muslim world in the American media. Since I am a loyal American, I am not supposed to tell you why this has taken place, but then it is not usual for us to examine why anything happens; we simply accuse others of motiveless malignity. “We are good,” G.W. proclaims, “They are evil,” which wraps that one up in a neat package. Later, Bush himself put, as it were, the bow on the package in an address to a joint session of Congress where he shared with them—as well as with the rest of us some-where over the Beltway—his profound knowledge of Islam's wiles and ways: “They hate what they see right here in this Chamber.” I suspect a million Americans nodded sadly in front of their TV sets. “Their lead ers are self-appointed. They hate our freedoms, our freedom of religion, our freedom of speech, our freedom to vote and assemble and disagree with each other.” At this plangent moment what American's gorge did not rise like a Florida chad to the bait?A member of the Pentagon Junta, Rumsfeld, a skilled stand-up comic, daily made fun of a large group of “journalists” on prime-time TV. At great, and often amusing, length, Rummy tells us nothing about our losses and their losses. He did seem to believe that the sentimental Osama was holed up in a cave on the Pakistan border instead of settled in a palace in Indonesia or Malaysia, two densely populated countries where he is admired and we are not. In any case, never before in our long history of undeclared unconstitutional wars have we, the American people, been treated with such impish disdain—so many irrelevant spear carriers to be highly taxed (those of us who are not rich) and occasionally invited to participate in the odd rigged poll.The Bush administration, though eerily inept in all but its principal task, which is to exempt the rich from taxes, has casually torn up most of the treaties to which civilized nations subscribe—like the Kyoto Accords or the nuclear missile agreement with Russia. The Bushites go about their relentless plundering of the Treasury and now, thanks to Osama, Social Security (a supposedly untouchable trust fund), which, like Lucky Strike green, has gone to a war currently costing us $3 billion a month. They have also allowed the FBI and CIA either to run amok or not budge at all, leaving us, the very first “indispensable” and—at popular request—last global empire, rather like the Wizard of Oz doing his odd pretend-magic tricks while hoping not to be found out. Meanwhile, G.W. booms, “Ei ther you are with us or you are with the Terrorists.” That's known as asking for it.1.The author believes that America's defense spending （）.2.The author uses the term “rigged poll” to（）.3.In the essay, President George W Bush's use of dichotomy is portrayed as（）.4.The use of the term “Pentagon junta” indicates the author's belief that（）.5.When the author mentions the Tresury, Social Security, the FBI, and the CIA, he intends to highlight the fact that（）.问题1选项A.a.protects the national securityB.is good for humanityC.primarily fights terrorD.is a misnomer问题2选项A.cast doubt upon the voting processB.refer to public opinion pollsC.remind the reader of political corruptionD.add humor to an otherwise serious article问题3选项A.jingoistic and rationalB.misleading and simplisticC.well-considered and politically expedientD.effective rhetoric that will stand the test of time问题4选项A.the Pentagon has transformed into a populist political machineB.the leaders of America's military establishment were overrepresented in Bush's White HouseC.the military-industrial complex has taken control of America's political processD.journalists have not been able to get solid information from the Bush administration问题5选项A.war-related expenses are like magic tricksB.America is spending harmful amounts of money on “security”C.it is difficult to fund the American empireD.America's empire is not popular, but it may be necessary to maintain “security”.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Most of it is fugitive, but here and therein high-level journalism, in television, in the cinema, in commercial fiction, in westerns and detective stories, and in plain, expository prose — some writing, almost by accident, achieves an aesthetic satisfaction, a depth and relevance that entitle it to stand with other examples of the art of literature.问题1选项A.plausibleB.consequentialC.prudentialD.temporary【答案】D【解析】划线词fugitive说明主语状态，后面以一长串but here and therein high-level journalism, in television, in the cinema, in commercial fiction, in westerns and detective stories, and in plain, expository prose补充说明主语出现在各种文学形式中，说明主语是“无常的”。

A选项plausible“看似可信的；巧言令色的”；B选项consequential“间接的；结果的；自傲的”；C选项prudential“谨慎的；明辨的”；D选项temporary“临时的；暂时的”，D选项符合题意。

2.单选题Gender-based violence encompasses a wide range of human rights violations, including sexual abuse of children, rape, domestic violence, sexual assault and harassment, trafficking of women and girls and several harmful traditional practices.问题1选项A.batteringB.tradingC.veneratingD.craving【答案】B【解析】句意：基于性别的暴力包括广泛的侵犯人权行为，包括对儿童的性虐待、强奸、家庭暴力、性侵犯和骚扰、……妇女和女童以及若干有害的传统做法。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I feel that we must respect this point of view and accept the conviction of the many people who hold it, because that is how they feel about life and morality.问题1选项A.beliefB.culpabilityC.offenseD.therapy【答案】A【解析】句意：我认为我们必须尊重这一观点，并接受许多持这种观点的人的……，因为这是他们对生活和道德的看法。

后句原因中说明划线词代表一种看法。

A选项belief“信念；信仰”；B选项culpability“有罪；有过失”；C选项offense“犯罪；过错”；D选项therapy“治疗；疗法”。

与“看法”相符合的只有A选项。

2.单选题My purpose is to consider if, in political society, there can be any legitimate and sure principle of government, taking men as they are and laws as they might be. In this inquiry I shall try always to bring together（）with （）so that justice and utility are in one way divided.问题1选项A.which right permitted...which interest prescribedB.what right permits...which interest prescribedC.what right permits...what interest prescribesD.which right permitted...what interest prescribes【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。