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宾语从句(Object clause)1). 用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。
如：- I understand that he is well-qualified, but I feel that he needs more experience. (关联词是从属连词that)- I doubt whether he will succeed. (关联词是从属连词whether)- I don’t know whom you want. (关联词是疑问代词whom)- I wonder when he’ll come. (关联词是疑问副词when)2). 下面句中的that从句一般不可省去that:- They told us once again that the situation was serious.or: They told us that once again the situation was serious.(两句中的that都不可省，否则会产生歧义)- He said (that) he couldn’t tell you right away and that you wouldn’t understand. (said之后可省去that，但第二个that不可省去)- That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that从句置于句首时，that不可省去)- We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. (谓语动词decided与that从句之间有插入的词语，故that不可省去)3). 下面句子中必须用whether，不可用if(是否)：- Whether she likes the present is not clear to me. (主语从句置于句首时，须用whether，不用if，但可以说It is not clear to me if she likes the present.)- My main problem right now is whether I should ask for another loan. (引导表语从句一般应用whether，不用if)- Answer my question whether you are coming. (同位语从句须用whether，一般不用if)- He didn’t say whether or not he’ll be staying here. (whether可与or not 直接相连，if则不可，但可以说He didn’t say if he’ll be staying here or not.)4). 宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。
当我们学习语法时，我们常常会遇到几种从句，包括宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句和表语从句。
下面逐个进行详细讲解，并给出相应的例句。
1. 宾语从句（Object Clause）：宾语从句用来做主句中的宾语。
它通常由连接词引导，如that, if, whether, what, where, who, whom, whose等。
例句：- I don't know what he wants.（我不知道他想要什么。
）- She asked if he could come to the party.（她问他是否能来参加派对。
）- They wonder where we are going.（他们想知道我们要去哪里。
）2. 状语从句（Adverbial Clause）：状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词，表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等。
它通常由连接词引导，如when, while, because, if, although, since等。
例句：- We will go hiking if the weather is good.（如果天气好，我们将去远足。
）- He studied hard until he passed the exam.（他学习努力直到通过考试。
）- Although it was raining, they still went out.（虽然下雨了，他们仍然出去了。
）3. 定语从句（Relative Clause）：定语从句用来修饰主句中的名词或代词，对其进行限定或说明。
它通常由关系代词引导，如that, which, who, whom, whose等。
例句：- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
）- The person who is talking to Mary is my brother.（正在和玛丽说话的那个人是我哥哥。
The Object Clause宾语从句歌诀:宾语从句三姐妹，that, if/whether, wh-/how 展风采。
展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。
主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。
陈述请你选that, 疑问需用if/whether连，非凡问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。
三关过后莫自得，人称、标点需注重。
留意变脸的if/ when，从句简化记心间。
I. Teaching aims:Make the students grasp the usage of the Object Clause.Enable them to use the Object Clause in spoken English.II. Teaching important and difficult points:（三姐妹）How to choose conjunctions for object clauses.How to arrange the order of the words in the clauses.How to choose the tense in the clauses.(The main forms of examination are Single Choice、Cloze、Filling in the blanks and Completing the sentences .Reading comprehension and written expression are usually to use the Object Clause.)Ⅲ. Teaching procedures: （三关）一.The types of the object clause: the object clause belongs to the nouns clause and act as the object in the sentence, so according to the different conjunctions, it can be divided into three types.1. From …that‟guide the object clause. That is only the role of grammar, there is no real significance, at oral and informal style can be omitted.Eg. He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesn‟t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2.By connecting pronoun …who, whom, whose, what, which and connectivity adverbs when, where, why, how‟to guide the object clause, the conjunctions act as a component in the object clause.Eg. Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I don‟t know why the train is late.3. Guided by …if ‟or …whether ‟.They mean “是否”（but when the clause act as the object or putted at the beginning of the sentence or there is …or not ‟in the clause, we can only use …whether‟）Eg. I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.二. The order of the words: The clauses need to use the declarative word order.Eg. I hear (that) physics isn‟t easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when we‟ll have the meeting.三. The tense1. If the main sentence tenses are Simple Present，the clause still use the original tense. Eg. I don‟t think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. When the main sentence is in the Past Indefinite Tense, the tense in the clauses needs to be changed into the corresponding past tense.Eg.He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3. When the Object Clause is used to express the objective facts, truths, naturalphenomena or proverbs, we need to keep the original tense (Usually it is thePresent Indefinite Tense) with no regards to the tense of the main sentence.)Eg. Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.Ⅳ.Attention1.The negative transfer in the sentences with an object clause: when the mainsentence has verbs like think, believe, suppose, etc. as the Predicate, the Word of Negation should be transferred to the main clause.Eg. I don´t think you are right.I don´t believe they have finished their work yet.I don´t suppose he cares, does he?2. If the subject of the main sentence and that of the Object Clause are consistent, the Object Clause can be changed into the pattern of “conjunction +the infinitive”.Eg. I don‟t know what to do next.Can you tell me how to get to the station?3.‘if‟ and …when‟ can guide not only the Object clause but also the Adverbial clause of time ,so we should analyze them carefully . (两副面孔)Eg. If it rains tomorrow, I won‟t come.I don‟t know if it will rain tomorrow.Ⅴ. Practice1. Miss Green didn‟t tell us _______ in 2002. (2004年北京市中考试题)A. where does she liveB. where she livesC. where did she liveD. where she lived2.Would you please tell me ________? 2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)A. when did he come homeB. where he would play footballC. if he had seen the filmD. why he didn‟t watch the game3. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam?A. thatB. whetherC. whatD. which4. Jim doesn‟t understand ____________.A. which is the way to the museumB. why his wife always goes shoppingC. what is the way to the museumD. why does she always go shopping5. ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for?A. thatB. whoseC. whoD. which6. Mr. King didn‟t know _______ yesterday evening.A. when does his son come homeB. when his son comes homeC. when did his son come homeD. when his son came home7. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning?A. how does he mendB. how he mendsC. how he mendedD. how did he mend8. ---I‟m waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive?---Usually it comes by 4: 00.A. howB. whereC. whenD. what9. ---Excuse me, would you please tell me ________?---Certainly. Go straight along here. It‟s next to a hospital.A. how we can get to the post officeB. how can we get to the post officeC. how get to the post officeD. how could we get to the post office10. ---Can I help you?---Yes. I‟d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______ take to get there?A. how soon will itB. how soon it willC. how long it willD. how long will it。
一.宾语从句的定义
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。
有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。
二.宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词：who, whose, what ,which
副词：when ,where, how, why 等。
（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
在以下情况中that不能省略
1当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
2当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。
例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.
注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。
例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。
意思是“是否”。
宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether 是不能互换的。
例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句
4在带to的不定式前
例句：We decided whether to walk there.
5在介词的后面
例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see th e film.
6在动词后面的宾语从句时
例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
7直接与or not连用时
例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
8if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”
例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
9if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句：H e asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
10引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时
例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.
（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。
例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
三.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
例句如下：
11I don’t know what they are looking for.
12Could you tell me when the train will leave?
13Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
四.宾语从句的时态
14主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
15主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
16当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
五.宾语从句的特点
17宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
18宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
19连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。
20whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether 从句可作介词的宾语。
21如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.。
