大学英语写作教程重点(可编辑修改版).
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Part One: Manuscript Form1.Arrangement:a.标题:大写:第一个和最后一个单词和其他的单词(包括带连字符的合成词)。
冠词、并列连词(and, or, but, nor, for),介词,不定式to除外。
标点:可用问号。
引用或文章标题要加引号。
书名加下划线。
b.段落:每段第一行缩进4到5个字母的距离。
2.Capitalizationa.当成句子用的句子成分后也要加句号。
b.专有名词的大写:President Brown, the Middle Ages, Marxist, Darwinism, Hegelian,Confucian, Latinize, Vietnamize3.Word Division原则:按音节分,不要把连字符放在开头。
a.不能分单音节词。
如:through, march, brain,pushed.b.一行的末尾或开头不能出现一个字母。
如:a lone, trick y.c.不能把两个字母的音节放在开头。
如:hat ed, cab in.d.避免划分专有人名或地名。
如:Chi na, Aus tene.带连字符的词只在连字符处划分。
f.不要误导读者。
如:pea cock, re ally.g.带词缀时在词缀处划分。
h.换页时不要划分。
i.带双辅音时在双辅音处划分。
如:strug gle, shat ter.Part Two: Diction1.Levels of Words:From a stylistic point of view:Formal words: 很多包含三或三个以上的音节Common wordsInformal words: 通常只有一或两个音节Slang: 非常不正式,文化低的人通常使用。
2.the meaning of words①denotative meaning (dictionary)&connotative meaning(feeling or idea suggested by it )a.country, nation, state and landcountry: an area of land and its population and governmentnation:the people of a countrystate: the government or political organization of a countryland: less precise but more literary and emotive than countryrge and big:large: slightly more formal, unusually big, more emphaticc.small and littlesmall: objective little: a feeling of fondnessd.modest(virtue) and humble②different collocations:Large: amount, number and quantityGreat: personal qualities like courage, confidence, ability and wisdom③不要和中文混用Send: cause to go or be taken to a place without going oneself.Family and home: family: people related to one. Home: place where one lives.3.general and specific wordprofessionals &scientists, doctors, teachersscientists &physicists, chemistschemists &biochemistshouse &mansion, villa, chateau, cottage, bungalow, cabin, hut, shack, shanty, shed, barnlaugh &smile, grin, beam, giggle, titter, snigger, chuckle, guffaw, chortle写作时尽量用specific words用specific word时要展示出具体细节:P14:students do many interesting things after class.4.idioms不正式或口语化的用于对话;俚语式的应谨慎使用:all balled up: troubled or confused; cough up: produce sth.许多陈词滥调式的也要少用。
英语作文写作知识要点To excel in English essay writing, you need to master several key points:1. Clear Thesis Statement: Your essay should have a clear and concise thesis statement that outlines the main argument or point you will be making in the essay. This statement typically appears in the introductory paragraph.2. Organization: Proper organization is crucial for an effective essay. Use paragraphs to break up different ideas or arguments, and ensure that each paragraph flowslogically from the previous one.3. Supporting Evidence: Back up your arguments with evidence from credible sources. This could include quotes, statistics, or examples that reinforce your points and make your argument more persuasive.4. Analysis: Don't just present evidence; analyze it.Explain how each piece of evidence supports your thesis and what it reveals about the topic at hand.5. Clarity and Cohesion: Your essay should be clear and easy to follow. Use transitions to link ideas and ensure that each paragraph builds on the previous one.6. Language Use: Pay attention to your language use. Use a variety of sentence structures and vocabulary to keep your writing interesting and engaging.7. Grammar and Mechanics: Finally, proofread your essay carefully to correct any grammatical or mechanical errors. Clear writing is essential for getting your point across effectively.By focusing on these key points, you can improve your English essay writing skills and create more compelling and persuasive essays. Remember to practice regularly and seek feedback from teachers or peers to continue improving your writing.。
大学英语写作教程大学英语写作教程大学英语写作是大学英语教学的重要组成部分,它的目标是培养学生的英语写作能力,提高他们的综合语言运用能力。
下面是一份大学英语写作教程,旨在帮助学生全面了解写作技巧和写作方法。
第一部分:写作基础知识1. 英语写作的特点和要求:英语写作与中文写作有许多区别,如语法规则、词汇使用等。
此外,英语写作更注重逻辑性、简洁性和准确性。
学生需要了解写作的基本要求和特点,为后续学习打下基础。
2. 写作步骤:写作不是一蹴而就的过程,它需要经历思考、准备、组织、写作和修改等阶段。
学生需要学会正确的写作步骤,以提高写作效率和写作质量。
3. 写作技巧:写作技巧是提高写作水平的重要手段。
学生需要学习如何构思、如何选材、如何组织文章结构、如何运用修辞手法等各种写作技巧,以使文章更具说服力和吸引力。
第二部分:写作实战训练1. 基础写作练习:通过一些简单的基础写作练习,帮助学生巩固基本写作知识和技巧。
例如,学生可以练习写句子、段落、短文等,从而提高写作表达能力。
2. 写作任务练习:按照学习阶段的不同,为学生提供不同难度的写作任务练习。
例如,可以让学生写一篇个人经历,写一篇观点阐述,写一篇实用文等,通过不断的写作实践,提高学生的写作水平和能力。
3. 写作评析:在写作实践过程中,教师可以对学生的写作作品进行评析和修改。
指出学生写作中存在的问题和不足,并提供相关的改进建议,以帮助学生改进写作技巧和提高写作质量。
第三部分:写作素材和进阶训练1. 写作素材:提供丰富的写作素材,如名人名言、社会热点、历史事件等。
学生可以利用这些素材进行写作练习,拓宽思路和积累写作经验。
2. 进阶训练:针对学生不同的写作需求和水平,提供进阶训练。
例如,可以让学生写一篇复杂的学术论文,写一篇演讲稿等,以挑战学生的写作能力和提高他们的综合语言运用能力。
第四部分:写作技巧指导1. 修改和润色:教授学生如何对自己的写作作品进行修改和润色,包括语法、词汇、句子结构、篇章结构等方面的改进。
最全面英语写作技巧知识点归纳总结(精
华版)
1. 提纲法
- 在写作前,先制定一个清晰的提纲,确定文章的结构和内容。
- 确保提纲包含一个引人入胜的开头,清晰的观点陈述以及有
力的结尾。
2. 文章结构
- 保持文章结构的一致性,包括引言、正文和结论部分。
- 每个段落只讨论一个主题,并确保段落之间的逻辑连贯。
3. 合理使用连接词
- 使用适当的连接词来引导读者,例如:首先(Firstly)、其次(Secondly)、另外(Additionally)等。
- 这些连接词能够帮助文章的连贯性,使读者更容易跟随你的
思路。
4. 选择恰当的词汇和语法
- 避免使用复杂的词汇和语法,尽量使用简单明了的表达方式。
- 使用正确的时态和人称,并确保语法正确。
5. 使用例证和引用
- 使用例证和引用来支持你的观点,增加你的文章的可信度。
- 确保使用的例证和引用是可靠的,并标明出处。
6. 重点句式和表达
- 研究一些常用的句式和表达方式,使你的文章更有说服力。
- 例如:It is widely believed that... (广泛认为...)、As a result, ...(因此...)等。
7. 编辑和校对
- 在完成文章后,仔细检查和编辑文章。
- 检查拼写、语法和标点符号错误,并确保文章流畅。
以上是最全面英语写作技巧知识点归纳总结的精华版,希望对您的写作有所帮助。
1.段落解释:is a unit of thought composed of sentences,smaller units of thought,that relate to a single topic.Paragraph divisions serve two very useful functions 2.A good paragraph is composed 组成 in such a way that it has :eachidea with nothing in the paragraph not covered by the topicit explores the main idea explicitly andconcretely,with plenty of details,examples,and explanations3.has sound internal structure.The qualities that indicate sound internal structure are unity,coherence,and completeness.4.怎样做到内容一致An excellent way of achieving unityis by means of the topic sentence.Properly used,the topic sentence forces the writer to adhere to and to sustain the point he is trying to establish5.标题句 the topic sentence properly used can achieve unity in the paragraph,which indicate the importance of the topic sentence;②the topic sentence6.第二个写作常识In short,a good topic sentence has a limited subject and a sharp focus,namely,a good topic sentence is not too general nor too narrow.A topic sentence that is too general requires much more than a paragraph to develop it.A coherence is connection and consistency.A coherent paragraph is one in which all the sentence are related logically and grammatically to make a whole that allows the reader to follow the writer’s train of thought step by step8.第三个写作常识 Just as topic sentenceshelp readers follow our ideas,other signals also help them understand what we have to say.When we write and when we revise,look for the areas that seem choppy or unconnected —that lack coherence.We can establish better coherence by using the following devices:pronoun reference,repetition ,and in a paragraph means that the topic is adequately developed by details,explanations,definitions,evidences,and the like,so that the reader is not left with only a fuzzy idea of what the writer means1第四个写作常识:Development of the main idea, then, is like enlarging a photograph to make the details clearer. So, development in the paragraph is as important as unity and coherence between skillful development helps us to stick to our subject and focus and to keep up the sense of oneness.2Inductive Pattern (归纳法概念):In developing a paragraph by means of the inductive pattern of reasoning the writer presents particular instances of a like kind and leads them into valid generalization which serves as his topic sentence.3Deductive Pattern (演绎法概念):In developing a paragraph by means of the deductive pattern the writer begins with a generalization(the topic sentence) and proceeds with specific elaboration or application of the general idea.4Inductive-deductive Pattern(归纳演绎法):As the name indicates, in developing a paragraph by means of inductive-deductive pattern the writer first presents particular instances and a resulting generalization, then applies the generalization to a new instance. 5第五个写作常识:Sequences of development are not independent of types of development. The most important sequences of development are general to particular, particular to general, climactic, chronological, and spatial.6Climactic Sequence (层递顺序):In a climactic sequence, the most intense or highest point of interest is saved for the final sentence, which may be, but is not necessarily, the topic sentence.7.Chronological Sequence (时间顺序):A chronological sequence is one in which earlier things precede later things; items are listed in the order in which they occur in time. The most obvious use of a chronological sequence is in telling a story. 8Spatial Sequence (空间顺序):A spatial sequence is used in descriptions of various types. It starts the reader at a particular point and then moves logically in some direction, from one place to another.9第六个写作常识:The type of development is the way in which the main idea is supported-by details, definitions, statements of cause and effect, and so on.10段落展开方式:Among the most important types of paragraph development are development by detail, comparison and contrast, process, classification and partition, cause and effect, definition, and mixed development.11Development by Comparison and Contrast (比较和对比):①a comparison shows how two or more things are alike; ②a contrast shows how they are different.12Development by Division and Classification (分类法和归类法):Dividing and classifying information is central to the writing process. When we divide, we begin with a whole, a complete body of information or one idea, and break it into its parts. When we classify, we begin with many small observations and sort them into categories on the basisof their similarities.13第七个写作常识:Causal analysis involves the ability to see cause and effect relationships between two elements. In order to arrive at a cause, we need to distinguish among three kinds: necessary, sufficient and contributory.14第八个写作常识:Definitions are particularly important for limiting the intended meaning of abstract or technical terms. There are two types of definition: formal definition and extended definition. Formal definition includes the term itself, the class it belongs to, and the details that distinguish it from other items in its class.15第九个写作常识:As we have seen, a single paragraph often contains more than one type of development. Almost any kind of paragraph may include examples or illustrations. The important thing is to avoid switching abruptly and apparently without reason from one kind of development to another in the middle of a paragraph.16第十个写作常识:The introduction is probably the most important part of an essay. The introduction should agree in tone and style with the rest of the essay. It should be a natural part of it, not a different construction grafted on the top.。
大学英语写作精要第一章四级英语写作概述第一节大纲要求四级考试短文写作的设计旨在测试学生用书面英语表达思想的一般能力。
教育部最新修订的“大学英语教学大纲”规定,学生在达到四级水平时应作到:能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时作笔记,回答问题和写提纲,能就一定的话题和提纲在半个小时内写出120-150词的短文,能写短信或便条,表达意思清楚,无重大语言错误。
一、大学英语四级作文考试大纲(新)要求:1.写作要求:1)时间为3O分钟。
2)文章长度为120—15O词。
3)题型:a.命题作文b.情景作文c.看图表作文d.给段首句作文e.给关键词作文。
4)语言:能正确表达思想,意义连贯,文理基本通顺,无重大语法错误。
5)内容:一般社会、文化或日常生活方面的常识和看法。
注:全国大学英语四级考试委员会规定:从1992年开始,在大学英语四级考试中设“作文最低分制”即作文最低分为六分;若考生作文成绩介于零分和六分之间,则其最后总成绩=卷面总分—6+作文得分;若考生作文成绩为零分,无论其总分多高,均按不及格记。
2.评分2.1评分原则l)CET-4是检查考生是否达到《大学英语教学大纲》规定的四级教学要求的考试,因此对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。
2)CET-4作文题采用总体评分方法。
阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分而不按语言点的错误数目扣分。
3)从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。
内容和语言是个统一体,作文应表达题目所规定的内容,而内容要通过语言来表达。
要考虑作文是否切题,是否充分表达思想,还要考虑是否用英语清楚地表达思想,也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。
4)避免趋中倾向。
该给高分的给高分,该给低分的给低分,包括零分。
一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部试卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。
2.2评分标准本题满分为15分,阅卷标准共分五等:2分,5分,8分, 11分及14分。
阅卷人员根据阅卷标准,对照样卷评分,若认为与某一分数(如8分)相似,即定为该分数(如8分);若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数,则可以加一分(即9分)或减一分(即7分)。
1.段落解释:is a unit of thought composed of sentences,smaller units of thought,that relate to a single topic.Paragraph divisions serve two very useful functions 2.A good paragraph is composed 组成 in such a way that it has :eachidea with nothing in the paragraph not covered by the topicit explores the main idea explicitly andconcretely,with plenty of details,examples,and explanations3.has sound internal structure.The qualities that indicate sound internal structure are unity,coherence,and completeness.4.怎样做到内容一致An excellent way of achieving unityis by means of the topic sentence.Properly used,the topic sentence forces the writer to adhere to and to sustain the point he is trying to establish5.标题句 the topic sentence properly used can achieve unity in the paragraph,which indicate the importance of the topic sentence;②the topic sentence6.第二个写作常识In short,a good topic sentence has a limited subject and a sharp focus,namely,a good topic sentence is not too general nor too narrow.A topic sentence that is too general requires much more than a paragraph to develop it.A coherence is connection and consistency.A coherent paragraph is one in which all the sentence are related logically and grammatically to make a whole that allows the reader to follow the writer’s train of thought step by step8.第三个写作常识 Just as topic sentenceshelp readers follow our ideas,other signals also help them understand what we have to say.When we write and when we revise,look for the areas that seem choppy or unconnected —that lack coherence.We can establish better coherence by using the following devices:pronoun reference,repetition ,and in a paragraph means that the topic is adequately developed by details,explanations,definitions,evidences,and the like,so that the reader is not left with only a fuzzy idea of what the writer means1第四个写作常识:Development of the main idea, then, is like enlarging a photograph to make the details clearer. So, development in the paragraph is as important as unity and coherence between skillful development helps us to stick to our subject and focus and to keep up the sense of oneness.2Inductive Pattern (归纳法概念):In developing a paragraph by means of the inductive pattern of reasoning the writer presents particular instances of a like kind and leads them into valid generalization which serves as his topic sentence.3Deductive Pattern (演绎法概念):In developing a paragraph by means of the deductive pattern the writer begins with a generalization(the topic sentence) and proceeds with specific elaboration or application of the general idea.4Inductive-deductive Pattern(归纳演绎法):As the name indicates, in developing a paragraph by means of inductive-deductive pattern the writer first presents particular instances and a resulting generalization, then applies the generalization to a new instance. 5第五个写作常识:Sequences of development are not independent of types of development. The most important sequences of development are general to particular, particular to general, climactic, chronological, and spatial.6Climactic Sequence (层递顺序):In a climactic sequence, the most intense or highest point of interest is saved for the final sentence, which may be, but is not necessarily, the topic sentence.7.Chronological Sequence (时间顺序):A chronological sequence is one in which earlier things precede later things; items are listed in the order in which they occur in time. The most obvious use of a chronological sequence is in telling a story. 8Spatial Sequence (空间顺序):A spatial sequence is used in descriptions of various types. It starts the reader at a particular point and then moves logically in some direction, from one place to another.9第六个写作常识:The type of development is the way in which the main idea is supported-by details, definitions, statements of cause and effect, and so on.10段落展开方式:Among the most important types of paragraph development are development by detail, comparison and contrast, process, classification and partition, cause and effect, definition, and mixed development.11Development by Comparison and Contrast (比较和对比):①a comparison shows how two or more things are alike; ②a contrast shows how they are different.12Development by Division and Classification (分类法和归类法):Dividing and classifying information is central to the writing process. When we divide, we begin with a whole, a complete body of information or one idea, and break it into its parts. When we classify, we begin with many small observations and sort them into categories on the basisof their similarities.13第七个写作常识:Causal analysis involves the ability to see cause and effect relationships between two elements. In order to arrive at a cause, we need to distinguish among three kinds: necessary, sufficient and contributory.14第八个写作常识:Definitions are particularly important for limiting the intended meaning of abstract or technical terms. There are two types of definition: formal definition and extended definition. Formal definition includes the term itself, the class it belongs to, and the details that distinguish it from other items in its class.15第九个写作常识:As we have seen, a single paragraph often contains more than one type of development. Almost any kind of paragraph may include examples or illustrations. The important thing is to avoid switching abruptly and apparently without reason from one kind of development to another in the middle of a paragraph.16第十个写作常识:The introduction is probably the most important part of an essay. The introduction should agree in tone and style with the rest of the essay. It should be a natural part of it, not a different construction grafted on the top.。
英语写作知识点和技巧总结1. Grammar and Sentence StructureOne of the most important aspects of writing in English is grammar and sentence structure. Proper grammar is essential for clear and effective communication, so it is important to have a good grasp of the basic rules of English grammar. This includes understanding the different parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs, as well as how to use them correctly in sentences.In addition to grammar, it is also important to pay attention to sentence structure. Sentences should be clear and concise, with a subject, verb, and object that make logical sense. It is also important to vary the length and structure of your sentences to keep your writing interesting and engaging.2. Vocabulary and Word ChoiceA strong vocabulary is another key component of good writing. Using a wide range of vocabulary can help you express yourself more clearly and precisely, and make your writing more engaging for the reader. It is important to choose the right words for the tone and purpose of your writing, and to avoid using overly complex or obscure words that may confuse the reader.One way to improve your vocabulary is to read widely and regularly, exposing yourself to different styles and registers of writing. You can also keep a list of new words and their meanings, and try to use them in your own writing. It is also helpful to pay attention to word choice and connotations, and to consider the impact of different words on the reader.3. Punctuation and MechanicsPunctuation and other mechanical aspects of writing, such as spelling and capitalization, are also important for clear and effective communication. It is essential to use punctuation correctly to indicate the structure and meaning of your sentences, and to avoid common mistakes such as run-on sentences and comma splices.Spelling and capitalization are also important to ensure that your writing is clear and professional. It is important to proofread your writing carefully for errors, and to use tools such as spell checkers to catch any mistakes that you may have missed.4. Organization and CoherenceGood writing is well organized and coherent, with a clear structure and flow that guides the reader through the text. This includes having a clear introduction, body, and conclusion, as well as using transitions and signposts to connect different parts of the text.One way to improve organization and coherence in your writing is to create an outline or plan before you start writing. This can help you to organize your ideas and ensure that yourwriting follows a logical and coherent structure. It is also important to use clear and logical transitions between different ideas, and to avoid jumping around or repeating the same points.5. Audience and PurposeOne of the most important considerations when writing in English is the audience and purpose of your writing. Different audiences will have different expectations and levels of knowledge, so it is important to consider who you are writing for and what you want to achieve with your writing.For example, if you are writing an academic essay, you will need to use a formal tone and support your arguments with evidence and references. If you are writing a letter to a friend, you can use a more informal tone and include personal details and references to your relationship. It is important to consider the needs and expectations of your audience, and to tailor your writing to suit their needs.6. Revision and EditingFinally, revision and editing are essential steps in the writing process. No piece of writing is perfect on the first draft, so it is important to take the time to revise and edit your writing to improve its clarity, coherence, and effectiveness. This includes checking for errors in grammar, punctuation, and mechanics, as well as reorganizing and clarifying your ideas.One way to revise your writing is to read it aloud, which can help you to identify awkward or unclear phrasing, as well as errors in punctuation and mechanics. It can also be helpful to have someone else read your writing and provide feedback, as they may be able to spot errors or areas for improvement that you may have missed.In conclusion, writing in English requires a combination of knowledge and skills, including grammar and sentence structure, vocabulary and word choice, punctuation and mechanics, organization and coherence, and consideration of audience and purpose. By paying attention to these key points and techniques, you can improve your writing and communicate more effectively in English. I hope this article has been helpful in providing some guidance on how to become a better English writer. Thank you for reading!。
英语写作教程知识点总结IntroductionWriting is an essential skill in the modern world. Whether you are a student, a professional, or just someone who wants to express their thoughts and ideas, being able to write effectively is a valuable skill. In this tutorial, we will cover the key components of writing in English, including grammar, vocabulary, structure, and style. By the end of this tutorial, you will have a better understanding of how to write clear, coherent, and engaging English text.1. GrammarGrammar is the foundation of good writing. It provides the structure and framework for your sentences, ensuring that your meaning is clear and your writing is easy to understand. Here are some key points to keep in mind when it comes to English grammar:- Subject-Verb Agreement: The subject and verb in a sentence must agree in number (singular or plural). For example, "The cat jumps" is correct, while "The cat jump" is incorrect.- Tense: Use the correct tense to indicate the time of an action. For example, "I am writing" (present continuous) is different from "I wrote" (past simple).- Articles: Use "a" or "an" before singular, countable nouns and "the" before nouns that are specific or known to the reader.- Pronouns: Use pronouns to avoid repetition of nouns. For example, "The boy is happy. He is playing in the park."- Punctuation: Use commas, periods, and other punctuation marks to indicate the structure and flow of your sentences.2. VocabularyA strong vocabulary is key to effective writing. It allows you to choose the right words to convey your meaning and create a specific tone or mood. Here are some tips for improving your vocabulary:- Read Widely: Reading books, newspapers, magazines, and online articles can expose you to a wide range of words and phrases.- Use a Thesaurus: A thesaurus is a valuable tool for finding synonyms and expanding your vocabulary.- Keep a Vocabulary Journal: Write down new words and their meanings, and try to use them in your own writing.- Practice Word Games: Crossword puzzles, word searches, and other word games can help you learn new words and reinforce your existing vocabulary.3. StructureThe structure of your writing determines how well your ideas are organized and how easily they can be understood. Here are some key structural elements to consider:- Introduction: Start with an engaging hook that grabs the reader's attention and introduces the main topic or argument of your writing.- Body: The body of your writing should present your main points or arguments in a logical and coherent manner. Use paragraphs to break up your writing and make it easier to follow.- Conclusion: End with a strong conclusion that summarizes your main points and leaves a lasting impression on the reader.- Transitions: Use transitional words and phrases to connect your ideas and create a smooth flow between sentences and paragraphs.4. StyleWriting style is a reflection of your individual voice and personality. It can shape the tone, mood, and overall impact of your writing. Here are some tips for developing your own writing style:- Be Clear and Concise: Use clear and simple language to convey your ideas, and avoid unnecessary words or jargon.- Use Active Voice: Active voice makes your writing more direct and engaging. For example, "The dog chased the cat" is in active voice, while "The cat was chased by the dog" is in passive voice.- Show, Don't Tell: Instead of simply stating facts, use descriptive language and vivid imagery to show your reader what you mean.- Vary Sentence Structure: Use a mix of short, long, simple, and complex sentences to create rhythm and variety in your writing.ConclusionWriting is a skill that can be learned and improved with practice. By paying attention to grammar, vocabulary, structure, and style, you can become a more effective and engaging writer. Remember to read widely, write regularly, and seek feedback from others to continue developing your writing skills. With time and dedication, you can become a confident and articulate English writer.。
写作教程知识点英语总结IntroductionWriting a tutorial is a great way to share your expertise, knowledge, and experiences with others. Whether you are an expert in a particular field or have a passion for a specific topic, a well-written tutorial can help others to learn and improve their skills. In this comprehensive guide, we will cover all the essential knowledge points and tips you need to know to write a successful tutorial.1. Choosing a TopicThe first step in writing a tutorial is to choose a topic that you are knowledgeable and passionate about. Consider your audience and their interests, and choose a topic that will be useful and relevant to them. Research and gather information to ensure you have a thorough understanding of the topic.2. Defining Your AudienceTo create an effective tutorial, it is essential to define your target audience. Consider their skill level, prior knowledge, and specific needs. Tailor your tutorial to meet the needs of your audience, using language and examples that are appropriate and understandable to them.3. Setting Clear ObjectivesClearly define the objectives of your tutorial. What do you want your audience to learn or accomplish after completing the tutorial? Setting clear objectives will help you to structure and organize your content effectively.4. Planning and OutliningBefore you start writing, it is important to plan and outline the structure of your tutorial. Consider the key points you want to cover, as well as the order in which you will present them. Creating an outline will help you to stay organized and ensure that your tutorial flows logically.5. Writing a Clear and Concise IntroductionThe introduction is the first opportunity to engage your audience and set the tone for your tutorial. Clearly state the purpose of the tutorial, grab the reader's attention, and provide an overview of what they can expect to learn.6. Providing Detailed and Comprehensive InformationWhen writing the main content of your tutorial, be thorough and provide detailed information. Use clear and concise language, and explain complex concepts or processes in away that is easy for the audience to understand. Use examples, illustrations, and diagrams to support your explanations.7. Using Visual AidsVisual aids, such as images, diagrams, charts, and videos, can enhance the learning experience for your audience. They can help to clarify complex concepts, provide examples, and make the tutorial more engaging and enjoyable. Ensure that any visual aids you use are relevant and support the content of the tutorial.8. Organizing and Structuring ContentOrganize your content in a logical and coherent manner, following the outline you created. Use headings, subheadings, and bullet points to break up the text and make it easier for your audience to follow. Provide transitions between sections to help the tutorial flow smoothly.9. Writing Step-by-Step InstructionsIf your tutorial involves a process or set of instructions, be sure to provide clear and organized step-by-step guidance. Use numbered lists or bullet points to break down the process into manageable steps, and provide clear instructions for each step.10. Using Examples and Case StudiesTo make your tutorial more relatable and practical, use real-life examples and case studies to illustrate key points or demonstrate the application of concepts. This can help your audience to better understand the material and see its relevance in real-world situations.11. Incorporating Interactive ElementsConsider incorporating interactive elements into your tutorial, such as quizzes, exercises, or interactive simulations. This can help to engage your audience and reinforce their learning. Allow your audience to apply the knowledge they have gained and receive feedback on their progress.12. Writing a ConclusionConclude your tutorial by summarizing the key points and reiterating the objectives. Provide a brief overview of what the audience has learned and encourage them to continue exploring the topic further. End with a call to action, such as applying the knowledge they have gained or seeking additional resources.13. Proofreading and EditingOnce you have completed the initial draft of your tutorial, it is essential to proofread and edit your work. Check for spelling and grammar errors, ensure that the content is clear and coherent, and make any necessary revisions to improve the overall quality of the tutorial.14. Formatting and PresentationConsider the formatting and presentation of your tutorial, including the use of fonts, colors, and layout. Ensure that your tutorial is visually appealing and easy to read. Use consistent formatting throughout the tutorial to maintain a professional appearance.15. Seeking FeedbackBefore publishing your tutorial, consider seeking feedback from peers or other experts in the field. Their input can help you to identify any areas for improvement and ensure that your tutorial is clear, accurate, and valuable to your audience.16. Publishing and SharingOnce your tutorial is complete, consider the best platform or medium for publishing and sharing it with your audience. This could be a blog, website, social media, or a specialized tutorial platform. Consider the most effective ways to reach and engage your target audience.ConclusionWriting a tutorial is a valuable way to share your knowledge and expertise with others. By following the tips and knowledge points outlined in this comprehensive guide, you can create a successful tutorial that is informative, engaging, and practical for your audience. Whether you are teaching a specific skill, sharing expertise in a particular field, or providing guidance on a complex topic, writing a tutorial can have a lasting impact on your audience and help them to learn and grow.。
英语作文写作的重点The Importance of Education。
Education is one of the most important factors in the development and progress of a society. It plays a crucial role in shaping individuals and preparing them for the challenges of the modern world. In this essay, we will discuss the significance of education and its impact on individuals and society as a whole.First and foremost, education provides individuals with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in their chosen careers. It equips them with the ability to think critically, solve problems, and adapt to new situations. This not only benefits the individual, but also contributes to the overall productivity and competitiveness of the workforce. A well-educated workforce is essential for economic growth and prosperity.Furthermore, education is essential for personaldevelopment and self-improvement. It helps individuals to broaden their horizons, expand their knowledge, and develop a deeper understanding of the world around them. This, in turn, leads to personal growth and fulfillment. Education also plays a key role in shaping individuals' values, beliefs, and attitudes, and helps to promote tolerance, understanding, and respect for others.In addition, education has a profound impact on society as a whole. It is a powerful tool for promoting social and economic equality, as it provides individuals with the opportunity to improve their circumstances and achievetheir full potential. Education also plays a crucial rolein promoting social cohesion and stability, as it helps to foster a sense of community and a shared sense of purpose.Moreover, education is essential for the advancement of science, technology, and innovation. It provides the knowledge and skills that are necessary for the development of new technologies, the advancement of medical science, and the improvement of living standards. A well-educated society is better equipped to address the challenges of themodern world, such as climate change, poverty, and disease.In conclusion, education is of paramount importance for the development and progress of individuals and society as a whole. It provides individuals with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in their chosen careers, promotes personal development and self-improvement, and has a profound impact on society and the economy. Therefore, it is essential that we continue to invest in education and ensure that everyone has access to high-quality education. Only by doing so can we build a better future for ourselves and the generations to come.。
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1.段落解释:is a unit of thought composed of sentences,smaller units of thought,that relate to a single topic.Paragraph divisions serve two very useful functions 2.A good paragraph is composed 组成 in such a way that ithas :idea with nothing in the paragraph not covered by the topicexplores the main idea explicitly and concretely,with 3.第一个写作常识has sound internal structure.Thequalities that indicate sound internal structure are unity,coherence,and completeness.4.怎样做到内容一致An excellent way of achieving unity is by means of the topic sentence.Properly used,the topic sentence forces the writer to adhere to and to sustain thepoint he is trying to establish5.标题句① the topic sentence properly used can achieve unity in the paragraph,which indicate the importance of the topic sentence;②the topic sentence6.第二个写作常识 In short,a good topic sentence has a limited subject and a sharp focus,namely,a good topic sentence is not too general nor too narrow.A topic sentence that is too general requires much more than a paragraph to develop it.A topic sentencethat is too narrow leaves little to be said in the rest of the coherence is connection and consistency.A coherent paragraph is one in which all the sentence are related logically and grammatically to make a whole that allows the reader to follow the writer’s train of thought step by step8.第三个写作常识 Just as topic sentences help readers follow our ideas,other signals also help them understand what we have to say.When we write and when we revise,look for the areas that seem choppy or unconnected—thatlack coherence.We can establish better coherence by using the following devices:pronoun reference,repetition ,and in a paragraph means that the topic is adequately developed by details,explanations,definitions,evidences,and the like,so that the reader is not left with only a fuzzy idea of what the writer means1第四个写作常识:Development of the main idea, then, is like enlarging a photograph to make the details clearer. So, development in the paragraph is as important as unity and coherence between skillful development helps us to stick to our subject and focus and to keep up the sense of oneness.2Inductive Pattern (归纳法概念):In developing a paragraph by means of the inductive pattern of reasoning the writer presents particular instances of a like kind and leads them into valid generalization which serves as his topic sentence.3Deductive Pattern (演绎法概念):In developing a paragraph by means of the deductive pattern the writer begins with a generalization(the topic sentence) and proceeds with specific elaboration or application of the general idea.4Inductive-deductive Pattern(归纳演绎法):As the name indicates, in developing a paragraph by means of inductive-deductive pattern the writer first presents particular instances and a resulting generalization, then applies the generalization to a new instance.5第五个写作常识:Sequences of development are not independent of types of development. The most important sequences of development are general to particular, particular to general, climactic, chronological, and spatial.6Climactic Sequence (层递顺序):In a climactic sequence, the most intense or highest point of interest is saved for the final sentence, which may be, but is not necessarily, the topic sentence.7.Chronological Sequence (时间顺序):A chronological sequence is one in which earlier things precede later things; items are listed in the order in which they occur in time. The most obvious use of a chronological sequence is in telling a story.8Spatial Sequence (空间顺序):A spatial sequence is used in descriptions of various types. It starts the reader at a particular point and then moves logically in some direction, from one place to another.9第六个写作常识:The type of development is the way in which the main idea is supported-by details, definitions, statements of cause and effect, and so on.10段落展开方式:Among the most important types of paragraph development are development by detail, comparison and contrast, process, classification and partition, cause and effect, definition, and mixed development.11Development by Comparison and Contrast (比较和对比):①a comparison shows how two or more things are alike; ②a contrast shows how they are different.12Development by Division and Classification (分类法和归类法):Dividing and classifying information is central to the writing process. When we divide, we begin with a whole, a complete body of information or one idea, and break it into its parts. When we classify, we begin with many small observations and sort them into categories on the basis of their similarities.13第七个写作常识:Causal analysis involves the ability to see cause and effect relationships between two elements. In order to arrive at a cause, we need to distinguish among three kinds: necessary, sufficient and contributory.14第八个写作常识:Definitions are particularly important for limiting the intended meaning of abstract or technical terms. There are two types of definition: formal definition and extended definition. Formal definition includes the term itself, the class it belongs to, and the details that distinguish it from other items in its class.15第九个写作常识:As we have seen, a single paragraph often contains more than one type of development. Almost any kind of paragraph may include examples or illustrations. The important thing is to avoid switching abruptly and apparently without reason from one kind of development to another in the middle of a paragraph.16第十个写作常识:The introduction is probably the most important part of an essay. The introduction should agree in tone and style with the rest of the essay. It should be a natural part of it, not a different construction grafted on the top.。
1.Health and Wealth(财富与健康)Some pople perefer wealth,holding that money can not bring everything,but without it,one can do nothing.In order to get more money they can do anything. However,other people regard health as more important. Once health is lost,it is no use having a lot of money..As far as I am concerned,I value the health more. No one will agree that a wealth people without good health can be happy. So,just do our best to keep fit.2.An Unforgettable Experience(难忘的经历)…I felt nervous in the exams and because of this,I never performed the best. But in that exam,when I got the paper, I was surprised to see some warm words on the paper. ”Hi,everyone,believe in yourself and you well do bset.good luck.”at the sight of the words, I became very relaxed and confident,at last,I performed very well in that time…Ever since then,whenever I have exams,those simple but warm words always encourage me to do my best.3.Private Cars(私家车)have bought cars of their own,and others are planning to buy cars.There are some advantages and some disadvantages in owning cars.First,a car allows one to move freely.With a car,there is no need to wait for the bus in the cold or under the burning sun.Second,a car makes it easier and more comfortable to travel.One can set out whenever he likes.There are,on the other hand,some disadvantages in owning a car.First,it may cause more traffic jams if the road conditions cannot be improved.Second,more cars will result in more serious pollution.Finally, parking will be a problem since there is not much space in large cities.In a word,if conditions permit,owning a car can make us work more effciently and life will become more enjoyable.4.My First Day at College(我在大学的第一天)was a purse lying on the ground near me,and then I picked it up.Its owner must be near and very anxious,so I asked the nearby students whose purse it was.A girl in line turned back and looked for her lost purse.To my surprise,she was my classmate Lily in the primary school and also recognized me at the same moment.How interesting I met my old friend on the first day at college.5.Notice of the Lost Book(寻物启示)class,I went for lunch in a hurry and left my dictionary in the classroom.When I hurried back after lunch,it was gone!.I feel very upset about the loss.The dictionary has been very helpful to my English study.And it’s also a valuable gift froom a close friend.So it means a lot to me.If you happened to pick up my dictionary,would you please give me a call.My cell phone number is I shall be very grateful to your kindness.Yours, Xiao Ming6.Television(电视)most wonderful inventions in human history and it has a big influence on our life..First,television is an effective medium of information.We get to know what’s going on in the word without going outside.Beside,television is a popular means of entertainment.We get pleasure from various kinds of TV programs..Despite its great role in our daily life,television also has negative effects.For instance,many people spend too much time watching programs and become couch potatoes.They develop health problem for the lack of exercises.Modern people can’t live without television.But it’s important not to let it rule our leisure time.7.How to Overcome Difficulties in My English Studies(怎样克服我学习英语的困难)never been easy for me.I encountered many difficulties in vocabulary,grammar,reading and writing.There’re many ways to overcome these difficulties,I think.Fir st,I should make a detailed study plan about how many words to memorize each day,how much time to spend reading and doing exercises.Secondly,it’s important to stick to my pla n no matter how busy I am.As out teacher says,one day an article keeps bad English far away.Finally,Practice makes perfect.I should take every opportunity to speak in English.I believe if I work,I’ll be rewarded with success in English.8.Why I like learning English(为什么我喜欢学习英语)或Why I Study Englishbecause English learning is difficult,I regard it a challenge.The little progress I made in English learning made me more confident.Second,English is an important means of communication in the word.With good English skills,I can find a good job,surf the Internet and access information quickly.Besides,I won’t need an in terpreter if I travel abroad!9.My Plan for the National Day Holiday/Spring Festival(我国庆/春节计划getting up early to work.Then I Visit my parents and enjoy some nice food cooked by my mother.And if possible,wash dishes for my mother.Finally I Will call my former classmates to have a get-together.we have been too busy to see each other,and I do miss them.Many young people have traveling plans,but I don’t like it .It’s too crowded and dirty outside.All I want to do is to sleep,eat and talk to my friends.Just relax myself for the whole holiday.10.My Best Friend/My Classmate(我最好的朋友/同学)to,and help me when I need a helping hand.Moreover,we have nearly the same hobbies I am really fond of sports and he enjoys playing many of the gamesI do.Although we are very busy with our jobs,we often stay in touch by regular email and telephone calls.I believe we will be best friends forever.11.My Teacher of English(我的英语老师)es.Not like other teachers,she always tries to make friends with the students and she is kind and patient with her students,both in and after class.She gives me a lot of help with my English study.Whenever I meet difficulties and become upset,she is always there to encourage me to keep on.With her help ,I make great progress in my English study.I like her very much!12.My Favorite Sport(我喜欢的运动)od. I still remember the good old days when I played with my classmates after school. Later on,as I grew up,almost everything changed,this sport-playing basketball remained and my love of grew even strongr.I love this sport because it brings joys and health to my life. When I got tired from office worke,I went to the sports ground and felt refreshed. If there were worries and cares from daily life,I went to the sports ground. There everything went away except basketball. It is basketball that keeps me in good shape and mood.13.My Family(我的家庭)boy. But also I know that he loves me very much. With his help,I gorw up to be a well---educated,upright and kind man. My mother is a teacher. She is patient and industrious. She usuallly does most of the household chores and takes care of my life very well.14.The Chinese New Year(中国新年). It is Lunar New Year Day. People will have a familly reunion dinner on this day.“Jiao Zi”and“Chun Juan”are the kind of traditional Chinese food for the New Year. In order to drive the devil“Sui”away people will lighe firecrackers and fireworks. Nowadays,all the family member will get together to watch gala performances on TV on New Year’s Eve. And on the first day of New Year, pe ople will pay New Year calls to each. Children are very happy because they can get lucky money from their parents and grandparents.15.The Computer(电脑)in people’s life. It can help peop le a lot in many fields and greatly improve the efficiency of work and study..With a computer,you can read articles,surf on line to get new information and even chat with your friends.However,many children and students often attack your computer and even make it break down..I think we are the owners of computers,and we must also be the owners of ourselves. It is important to know when to use computers.That means to control computers but not to be controlled by computers.16.My Favorite TV Program(我最喜欢的电视节目)TV program,however,is the news.There are several points that are worth mentioning. For one thing,it covers news about important events both at home and abroad in the evening during the so---called”golden time”. It saves me much time reading through newspapers for current affairs.In short,watching the news on CCTV has become part of my daily life.17.The Job I Like(我喜欢的工作)truth,my ideal job is in business.The idea came into being when I was a child.With the development of market economy,there are many prosperous opportunities in business.I like reading stories about some successful businessmen such as Bill Gates, Li Jiacheng etc. I believe I will be a man like them some day.Now, I am majoring in Computer Science. I must study hard to get myself qualified for my future job.18.My Opinion on Mobile Phone/Cell Phones(我对手机的看法)for social or business purposes. Third,a mobile phone can also serve as a connention to the internet.However,the disadvantages of a mobile phone are also obvious.For one thing,that a person can be contacted at any time it is a disadvantage. For another,using the mobile phone frequently will do harm to people’s health. A further disadvantage is that it makes noises in the classroom,during the meeting or at the theatre.In my opinion,the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. As long as we use it properly,it will do a lot of good to us.19.A Friend in Need is a Friend Indeed(患难见知己)share our joys. It’s hard to imagine life without friendship.However,we do have different kinds of friends. Some are only friends in words;if you meet with diffculties,they will escape at one. And some want to make full of their friends for the purpose of their own benefits.Real friends are those who can help you in difficulties.But they are not easy to find. Therefore,you should avoid making false friends and try to find ture friends.20.My Hobby(我的业余爱好)collect stamps when I was a primary school pupil.My hobby has had a beneficial effect. First,when I felt bored,I would open my album to enjoy my collection,my disappointment would disappear immediately. Second,stamp-collecting also has enriched my knowledge,I have know a lot through my collecting. In a word,my hobby is an enjoyable one.21.How to Keep Fit/Healthy(如何保持健康)are three things that a person can do to stay in good health: one should eat the right foods,get enough sleep,and exercise regularly..Frist,proper nutrition is important for good health. Avoid foods with lots of sugar and fat.Eat plenty of high protein foods,vegetables and fruits.Do not overeat. Second,getting the proper amount sleep is also important. Without enough sleep,you feel tired and irritable. Allow yourself eight hours of sleep each night. Third,get plenty of exercise. Exercise improves your heart and lungs,and prevents you from gaining weight.If everybody were to do so,there would be much less complaining about poor health.22.My Favorite Book(我最喜欢的书)are sad. Our human friends may sometimes bore us,but good books are always ready to give us friendship and encouragement..Fictions are always my favorite. And among so many fiction novels,I consider 20000 leagues under the Sea the best. The novel is an interesting imagination by Verne,a famous French writer who lived more than 100 yeaes ago. It tells an adventure of a captain and his crew. To people’s surprise,some i maginative things in the book have been turned into reality,for example,the submarine,was really invented many years into reality,for example,the submarine,was really invented many years later. This is why the book is still popular with millions of readers today.23.About Newspapers(关于报纸)publishing time,there are daily papers,evening papers,weekly papers,and so on. For example,21st Century is an English language newspaper published in Beijing each week. It has sections of different kinds,including News of the week,the Word Today,Language Class,Sports and Music and Students Report. There are plenty of beautiful pictures and interesting articles in it..Newspapers can tell us the latest news concerning polities,economics and military affairs at home and abroad. In the meantime,by reading newspapers,we can obtain more knowledge and broaden our outlook so that we can make greater progress toward the future.24.My Travel Plan(我的旅游计划)t this weekend. The West Lake is the most famous lake,thought to be pearl in East China near the mouth of Hangzhou.We’re going to have a two-day trip. On the first day,we’ll set off in the morning and spend the whole afternoon walking around the lake so that we can be close to the whole afternoon walking around the lake so that we can be close to the nature and relax ourselves. On the second day,we’ll visit four spots,Tiger-running Spring,the Lingyin Monastery,Spring Dawn at Su Causway and the Moon Reflecte d in Three Pools.After and we’ll boat on the lake,feeling the soft wind kissing our face,gentle and comfortable. The scenery must be charming.I’m sure we’ll h ave a most unforgettable experience.25.My Dream(我的梦想)that one day in the word there would be no conflicts and people of all origins would live in harmony and peace. As we can see,we are now not far away from violence,poverty,diseases,and even wars. Most people are in need of what they have never enjoyed. However,I still stick to my innermost dream that there will be a day when we are surprised to find that the word poverty has long been out of our memories. When my dream comes true,all men will be truly equal, happy, and free.26.Living in a Big Family(生活在大家庭里)with many children,aunt and uncles living under the same roof. It’s reported that more than 70% of the traditional Chinese families were extended families, consisting of three or more generations living in one household.There are advantages to have a big family living together. For example,the elder can take care of their grandchildren when the parents are busy with work,and ai the same time they may derive a lot of pleasure and satisfaction from this. To maintain a harmonious atmosphere in a big family,one should always remember that a good relationship is set up on the basis of mutual understanding and respect.27.Distance Learning(远程学习/网络教育)study and meanwhile work or do other things.Distance learners study alone in most of the time. They do not meet their teachers or classmates very often. But they can study with the help of the teachers and contact the teachers or other learners when having difficulties. They can study at any time and anywhere. Autonomous learning is an important learning style and an essential skill in distance education.I am a distance learner. I work in a company during the day,and I am taking a course in law in the evening. I have to do most learning tasks by myself. I have found this from of learning is very helpful and suitable for me.28.On Compliments(关于恭维)us feel fine and pliments play an important role in our daily life. At social gatherings, compliments can create a light and pleasant atmosphere and ease tensions among strangers. At workplace,compliments can help the employees start a long workday in a happy mood and do their work efficiently.29.My View on the Internet(互联网之我见)can get to know people from all over the world. Besides, we can work at home by sending email and accessing online information. Finaiiy,online shopping makes our life more convenient.But as many other modern inventions, Internet has its problem. For instance,here is too much junk information on the net,and it wastes our time. Even worse, some evil persons commit crimes using the internet technology.Thousands of people have fallen in love with the Internet. It is necessary to adapt stricter administration measures so that it will serve us better.30.Letter of Apology(致歉函)Please accept my apologies for offending you yesterday afternoon. I kenow I was being very rude at the moment,but I really didn’t mean to hurt you. But you know,I am short-tempered by nature,and sometimes I just can’t control myself. Now I understand I was wrong.And I’m Very sorry for the unpleasant words I said to you in a hot temper..Will you forgive me and accept my apology? If you are free tonight,will you come to dinner at my house. I’ve cooked something nice,and maybe we can have a nice talk over the meal and forget about the whole thing.Yours,XXX31.Advertisement(广告),it can widen people’s knowledge and make people more experienced. Lastly,people can enjoy themselves through those programs which advertisements have been put into.Some advertisements,however,are very useful to people,sometimes even harmful. An advertisement like this,for example,may put thousands of women and girls into trouble.”Disillusioned with life,love,marriage? You need help. Phone me”And th e savior gives his phone number to his sheep.In modern times,many advertisement are subjective rather than objective, persuasive rather than informative. The only purpose of these advertisements is to persuade people buy their poorly-made products. Therefore,it is wise for people to make sure if the advertisements are telling the truth.petition(竞争)excelle nce. This is people’s inborn nature. Nothing can stop them from bringing their intelligence into full play in competition.Meanwhile,competition produces better things. This is the guarantee of enterprises’ existence. They have to turn out better things. Ot herwise,they will have no customers,and their workers will get lower wages. So in fact they produce better thing for their own benefit.Society,through competition,has developed a lot. But for competition, people would remain idle and create nothing. They would feel satisfied with their present condition. Therefore,with no competition there would be no progress.33.Will Computer Replace Us(电脑将取代我们吗)will replace us.But I doubt whether there is such a possibility. My reason is very simple: computers are machines,not humans. Our tasks are far too various and complicated for any one single machine to perfrom. Probably the greatest difference between man and computer is that the fromer can do things of own accord while the latter can do nothing without being programmed.In my opinion,computers will remain nothing but an extension of our human brains,no matter how complicated they may become.34.The Way to Success(成功之法)express our thanks to the successful effort and contributions they have made.The way to success differs form person to person and from case to case. Only very idle people would wish to succeed by mere c hance. A wise diligent person knows there is no golden way gives full swing to his talent. He is good at taking advice. He persists in his efforts so as to be perpared for any chance available.Though few people succeed in great things,practically all people do succeed in something ordinary. It is useless to dream of castles in the chair. One should exe rt one’s efforts to tasks suited to one’s ability.As long as one tries one’s best,one will be able to look back with satisfac tion and look forward with hope.35.My View of the Country Life and City Life(我对乡村生活和城市生活的看法)或Where to Live When I am asked about my view of the country life and town life, I will prefer the country life.As we know,there is a big difference between town life and country life. In the country,everybody knows everybody else. They know what time you get up, what time you go to bed and what you have for dinner. If you want help,you will always get it and you will be glad to help others.In a large town, however,it can sometimes happen that you have never seen your next door neighbor and you do not know his name or anything about him. People in town are often very lonely. This is because people are busy working at daytime and go to different places in the evenings and at weekends. One is sorry for old people living on their own. They could die in their homes and would not be discovered for weeks or even months.36.Which means of Transportation do you Prefer?(你喜欢哪种交通工具?)reasons for my choice. Firstly,taking train is the cheapest way for traveling,which costs much less than using airplane and private cars. Secondly,taking train is the safest way for traveling,which causes much less traffic accidents than any other means of transportation. Thirdly, taking train is the most convenient way for traveling,which saves you a lot of troubles of parking or going to the airport,as you can go to the railway station more easily. But it takes the longest time for traveling,and sometimes it is very difficult for you to get the ticket.Anyway,I like traveling in my own way and take train as the means of transportation.37.My Favorite Season(我最喜欢的季节)Spring is the most pleasant season of the year. The weather is usually warm. The sky is often clear and blue. This weather is perfect for outdoor activities. We often have picnics and go hiking. We also go cycling and camping when the weather is fine.In spring it often rains,too. I think it’s great fun to walk in the fine rain.Spring is pleasant. The birds are singing and the flowers are smiling. The children are playing happily in the playground.I like spring very much. I’m sure you will enjoy this nice season too.38.Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?(大学校园应该对游人开放吗?)winter vacations,many University campuses become popular tourist sites. In my opinion, university campus should be open to tourists.In fact, ther are many royal gardans and parks, all of them obviously better than the scenery in the Universtties. Why do you think people pref er visiting here with their children? That is because it is a dream goal for many chinese parents and young ambitious students. Besides this,as more tourists come to visit universities,these universities can widen their influence as well and they can also make some profit from the tourism.In a word,I think the university campus should be open to the tourists.39.A get-together on may 1st(五一聚会)Dear Wang Hong,How is everything getting along with you? It’s almost one yesr since we graduated from university. I miss you very much. What have you been doing all these days?I have been a middle school teacher in my hometown since graduation. Teaching always keeps me busy,but I like my students and I love teaching, you know. So everything is fine here. There will be a former classmates’ getting together during thi s May Day holiday at my school. You are my best friend. I never forget those happy days we spent together. I hope you can come to my school when the time is due and you are free.I am looking forward to your reply.Yours, Li Hua40.Bad Manners in Public(公共场所的不良习惯)cyclists run the red traffic lights,many passengers litter waste papers and plastic bags in public places, and some tourists scrabble in tourist attractions, let alone spit on the street. In the cinema,some audiences talk loudly on cell phones in front of others.I’m strongly against talking loudly in the cinema, for this behavior shows no respect at all to others; what’s worse, it upsets the audience who are in the mood of having fun.41. A Day to Remember(难忘的一天)same time. They seemed so lovely and active.I spent a nice day.On my way home,I began to feel sorry for them. They were taken away from their parents and friends and also far away from the nature. They must have felt lonely,I thought. Every day,the only thing they could do was to sit there and wait for food.42.Help Me to Buy a Spoken English Book(写信请朋友帮忙买英语口语书)Oct 16, 2011It’s long time we haven’t seen each other. I miss you very much. How’s everything going on with you ? I am busy preparing for PETS4.I would appreciate if you could help me buy PETS4 English oral textbook which was issued by the Beijing press,because the books were sold out here. Drop in when you are free. I often think of those happy days we spent together when we were at University.Please let me know as soon as possible once you get the book.My best wishes.Yours, Wang Lei43. How to Keep Healthy(如何保持健康)are three things that a person can do to stay in good health: one should eat the right foods, get enough sleep,and exercise regularly.First,proper nutrition is important for good health. Avoid foods with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of high protein foods,vegetables and fruits. Do not overeat. Second,getting the proper amount sleep is also important. Without enough sleep, you feel tired and irritable. Allow yourself eight hours of sleep each night. Third,get plenty of exercise.Exercises improve your heart and lungs,and prevent you from gaining weight. If verybody were to do so, there would be much less complaining about poor health.44. How I spend my spare time (怎样安排我的业余时间)of spending the spare time. My ways are as follows.First of all,I spend about half of my leisure time is listening to music. In this way ,I can thoroughly relax myself both physically and mrntally;thus,I am able to study well in the future. Secondly,I consume part of my spare time by doing some exercises. Basketball is my favorite sports game. Jogging will keep me fit. Finally,reading is necessary. A good book can take me to a mysterious place where I have never been to.These are the major ways I spend my spare time. Of c ourse,I won’t forget “time is money”. After my spare time, I will come to study at once.45. My favorite food(我最喜欢的食物)t’s commonly found in almost any part of the world.Egg are oval shaped spheres with a light brown color depending on the egg. Eggs are the basic ingredient to many dishes,like omelet and French toast. You can easily get eggs at any supermarkets,and they are sold for a very cheap price too. After the eggs are acquired,it is best to crack it open into a pan or plate and stir it evenly. If the egg is to be pan fried, then just crack the egg into the boiling pan,and remember to flip sides.Eggs contain lots of nutrients and are very good sources of energy. Soldiers used to carry eggs to the frontline as their food. Egg is my favorite kind of food. 46.My first year at college(我的大一生活)The first thing I notice is the workload. It is heavier and more intense than I ever experienced before. The major challenges of college work are large volume of reading,short deadlines,and “endless”writing. A related effect that can be brought on by the workload is doubt,frustration,and loneliness if possible.I have made a lot of new friends. I am sure college friendships will be among the most satisfying and long-term in my life. It’s always exci ting to discover how wonderfully the college relationships can be.I am enjoying my newfound freedom. Stay up until dawn talking about my ideals and ambitions with my dorm’s regular bull sessi on buddies. Sleep in until the afternoon on a light class day. Explore the local town or suburbs with one or two of my new friends.I even start to think about my future. Going to college is as much about finding out who am I as it is about getting the degree.47. My View on Money(我的金钱观)hand,we can’t deny that money is useful. We need money to buy food, buy a house or pay our education cost. On the other hand,some people try to get money by dishonest means,for example,they often cheat and gamble, even rob and kill people.48. My Good Teacher to Remember(我记忆里的老师/我的老师)is like our friend similar. She teaches us so well that I enjoy learning English.On her lesson,she thaches very hard. Sometimes she tells us some funny affair. It makes our lesson vivid and interesting,so we not only learn well,but also very relaxed. I yearn for her lesson every day. After the lesson,she always patience of tell us how to do the difficult things. I like her and my classmates all like her. I am so happy and lucky to have such a good teacher. I will try my best to learn it.49. My hometown(我的家乡)It has a long history. There are many big supermarkets,beautifl gardens and good factories here. It is very easy to go shopping. You can see green hills, big trees and nice flowers. There are many restaurants in Lishui. You can enjoy Lishui goat. It tastes very delicious. Many visitors come here to enjoy it.There are many good places to visit. There is a park and a big shopping Mall. You can see films in Renmin Theatre. My school is one of the best schools in my hometown. I love my hometown.50. My Study Plan(我的学习计划)grammar points I have learnt in English class regularly. Third,from a habit of reading an English article in China Daily every day. Fourth,write an English composition every week and ask teacher to revise that for me to improve the writing level. Fift,listen to English radio as often as possible to improve my listening.51. Water and Life(水与生活)down day by day,owing to the large-scale industrialization everywhere in the word.Just as sunshine is a necessity to life,so is fresh water. Without fresh water, our human society would come to a stop. As fresh water is such an important resource to the human society,we need to treasure it as we treasure our life,but how?First,our government should have a good plan for the use of fresh water and develop industris that consume less water. Second,waste water must be recycled. Finally all of us should do our best to save water.As the source of life, water is indispensable to human beings. People consume much water in production and daily life. Agriculture and industry account for most of mankind’s water usage. Without adequate water supplies, human future is threatened.52. Why I like Learning English(为什么我喜欢学习英语)Why do I like learning English? First,just because English learning is diffcult,I regard it a challenge. The little progress I made in English learning made me more confident. Second,English is an important means of communication in the word. With good English skills,I can find a good job,surf the Internet and access information quickly. Besides,I won’t need an interpreter if I travel abroad!53. Advertisement on TV(电视广告)episodes of a TV serial plays,and the time of which is becoming longer and longer,which is so boring,and many watchers cannot wait but switch to other channels.But why this phenomenon has appeared,the reason may be two. At the first place,it is a method for businessmen in such a highly competitive market to make their goods known by customers,which will improve the sales amounts. At the second place,it is a chance for the TV station to earn money to support their programs.If I am given the chance to meet the leader of TV station,I would like to suggest them decrease the amounts of the advertisements relatively. Maybe doing this will lose some profits,but instead,the audience rating will be improved largely.54. My Favorite Piece of Musicevents-love,sadness,good times and bad times. It tells real-life stories and sounds in the way people really talk. As life becomes hard for us,it is good to hear music about ordinary people.County music,sometimes called country-western music,comes from two kind of music,one is traditional music of the people ineast Untied States. The other is traditional coeboy music from the west. The singers usually play gitars,and in the 1920s the started using electric gitars.Today about 1200 radio stations broadcast country music 24 huous a day. English stars sing it in their own languages. The music that started with cowboy and poor Southerners is now popular all over the world. So I like it very much.55.How to spend summer holiday?seashore like Haikou. I enjoyed having a walk along the beach after supper or having a swim in the afternoon. The sky is blue,the air is fersh. Wherever you go, you can always see the green trees,the neat grasses the colourful flowers. They were really wonderful. ShenZhen has a lot of tall buildings. And it is a modern city.I am planning to spend my summer holiday on sports this year. Playing basketball is always my favourite,so some of my classmates. I will form a small team play basketball together. Sometimes we may have a match against some other teams. I do enjoy the sense when we win the game.If you ask me what my favourite summer holiday will be like,traveling aound is the answer. I hope that one day I could meet different people vist different places of interest.I wish I could have two long holidays in a year,what about you?56. The Digital Productss daily life, but every coin has its two sides.To start with,as a wireless mobile phone,it’s convenient for the user at any time t o contact others. Secondly,it’s a helpful companion. With a multifunctional cell phone in hand,one can easily surf the net,downloading what he needs.However,the cell phone has many disadvantages. For one thing,the machine itself is very expensive and its local service is very costly,not to mention its global service. For another,the radiation from the mobile phones might do harm to the user’s health.In a word,its advantages are far out-weigh its disadvantages.57. About Doing Physical Exercisestronger.For me,playing basketball is my favorite exercise. I have played basketball for about ten years. It is not only my hobby but also best way tokeep me healthy. By playing basketball,I can forget everything bothersome around my brain and make a lot of friends at the same time.I think no matter how busy you are, it is essential to doing physical exercise regularly. There are too much exercise that you can do everywhere and every time.58. The One I Love MostMy grandfather is over sixty. He looks younger than his real age. He was a policeman before his retirement. He has a positive attitude towards his later years of life. He does physical exercises every morning. He can read books without wearing glasses. He is so strong that he is able to life heavy things by himself.He loves children very much. Every Monday afternoon he is invited to a nearby school to tell stories to the children about the life and work of the policemen. All the young pupils love him very much.59. East or West,Home is BestHome is a place where we feel a sense of belonging especially when you are far away from it. When you get hurt,you need it where you can feel safe. When you are tired or sick,you need it where you can take a break. When you are frustrated,the first thought through you mind is home.Home is a place you belong to,safe and relaxing. So it is sweeter than anyother place for a person.60.全班同学将去参观科学博物馆(the Science Museum),由你(班长)通知全体同学。
Sentence fragments:句子碎片:sentences are complete thoughts because they are have subjects and verbs and because they require no other elements to complete their meaning.句子是完整的主题有完整的主语和谓语,而且并不需要成分来补充它的意思。
When any one of these dependent units is punctuated with a capital letter at the beginning and a full stop (period,exclamation point,or question mark)at the end,it is called a sentence fragment.当任何一个非独立成分被句首大写字母强调并且末尾有一个停顿(句号,感叹号,问号),他被称为句子片段A sentence fragment can be corrected in various ways:句子碎片可以用多种不同的方法修正a. by joining it to another sentence 把它加入进另一个句子b. by supplying a subject and a predicate提供一个主语和谓语c. by rewriting the passage in which it occurs在不改变句意的范围内重写Any verbless or subjectless fragment of a sentence ,whether you can classify it or not,should not be allowed to stand as a sentence.任何没有主语或谓语的句子碎片,不管是否分类,都不应该当做句子。
大一英语语法与写作知识点一、句子结构在英语写作中,良好的句子结构是至关重要的。
以下是一些大一英语语法与写作的常见知识点,帮助您掌握句子结构。
主谓宾结构:句子通常由主语、谓语和宾语构成。
主语是动作的执行者,谓语表示动作或状态,而宾语则是动作的接受者。
主系表结构:有些句子中,谓语动词与主语之间有一个链接动词,而不是实际的动作动词。
这时,主语通过链接动词与表语(通常是形容词或名词)相关联。
并列结构:这种结构使用连词(如and、or、but)将两个或多个并列的元素连接在一起。
在写作中,要注意平衡和并列元素之间的连贯性。
从句结构:从句是句子中的一个部分,可以作为名词、形容词或副词。
常见的从句包括名词性从句(作主语、宾语或表语)、定语从句(修饰名词)和副词从句(修饰动词、形容词或副词)。
二、时态和语态时态和语态是英语写作中另外两个重要的知识点。
时态:在表达动作的时间时,需要选择适当的时态。
过去时态、现在时态和将来时态是最常用的几种时态。
同时要注意时态的一致性和正确的使用。
语态:英语中有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。
在写作中,根据需要选择正确的语态。
被动语态通常用于强调动作的接受者,或者当不知道动作的执行者是谁时。
三、冠词和名词冠词和名词也是英语写作中需要注意的重要知识点。
冠词:冠词分为不定冠词(a或an)和定冠词(the)。
正确使用冠词可以帮助限定名词的范围或表达特定的概念。
名词:名词可以是单数或复数形式,根据具体情况选择正确的形式。
同时,还需注意名词所有格的使用,以表达所属关系。
四、句型和连接词句型和连接词对于写作句子的流畅和连贯至关重要。
简单句:由一个主谓结构构成的句子称为简单句。
简单句通常直接表达一个完整的想法。
并列句:由两个或多个简单句并列构成的句子称为并列句。
可以使用逗号和连词(如and、but、or)来连接这些简单句。
复合句:包含一个主句和一个或多个从句的句子称为复合句。
从句通常使用连词(如that、which、who)引导。
大学英语写作课讲义一大学英语写作课讲义(一)大学英语写作课讲义(一)中国地质大学(武汉)外语学院许峰Step One Writing Correct Sentences 1. The Simple Sentence (简单句)A simple sentence contains but one subject and one predicate. (一个简单句仅有一个主语和一个谓语。
)e.g. John loves Mary.The subject may consist of two or more nouns, and the predicate mayconsist of two or more verbs. The former is called a compound subject; thelatter is called a compound predicate, Thus, a simple sentence may have many nouns or many verbs; or it may have many words or phrases modifying thesubject or predicate; but it has only one subject and one predicate.(主语可包含两个或更多的名词,谓语可包含两个或多个动词,分别称为复合主语和复合谓语。
这样,一个简单名子中可有多个名词或动词,也可有修饰语,但它仅有一个主语和一个谓语。
) e.g. John and Henry love Mary.John and Henry love Mary and her sister.John and Henry love Mary and her sister and give them money.2. The Compound Sentence (并列复合句)A Compound sentence is made up of two or more independent clausesconnected by a coordinating conjunction, such as and , or ,nor ,but , for, yet. Each clause in a compound sentence must have a subject and a verb, is of equal importance, and can stand alone. (并列复合句是由两个或两个以上的独立分句组成,由并列连接词如and, or ,nor ,but , for ,yet等连接。
1.段落解释:is a unit of thought composed of sentences,smaller units of thought,that relate to a single topic.Paragraph divisions serve two very useful functions 2.A good paragraph is composed 组成 in such a way that ithas :idea with nothing in the paragraph not covered by the topicexplores the main idea explicitly and concretely,with 3.第一个写作常识has sound internal structure.Thequalities that indicate sound internal structure are unity,coherence,and completeness.4.怎样做到内容一致An excellent way of achieving unity is by means of the topic sentence.Properly used,the topic sentence forces the writer to adhere to and to sustain thepoint he is trying to establish5.标题句① the topic sentence properly used can achieve unity in the paragraph,which indicate the importance of the topic sentence;②the topic sentence6.第二个写作常识 In short,a good topic sentence has a limited subject and a sharp focus,namely,a good topic sentence is not too general nor too narrow.A topic sentence that is too general requires much more than a paragraph to develop it.A topic sentencethat is too narrow leaves little to be said in the rest of the coherence is connection and consistency.A coherent paragraph is one in which all the sentence are related logically and grammatically to make a whole that allows the reader to follow the writer’s train of thought step by step8.第三个写作常识 Just as topic sentences help readers follow our ideas,other signals also help them understand what we have to say.When we write and when we revise,look for the areas that seem choppy or unconnected—thatlack coherence.We can establish better coherence by using the following devices:pronoun reference,repetition ,and in a paragraph means that the topic is adequately developed by details,explanations,definitions,evidences,and the like,so that the reader is not left with only a fuzzy idea of what the writer means1第四个写作常识:Development of the main idea, then, is like enlarging a photograph to make the details clearer. So, development in the paragraph is as important as unity and coherence between skillful development helps us to stick to our subject and focus and to keep up the sense of oneness.2Inductive Pattern (归纳法概念):In developing a paragraph by means of the inductive pattern of reasoning the writer presents particular instances of a like kind and leads them into valid generalization which serves as his topic sentence.3Deductive Pattern (演绎法概念):In developing a paragraph by means of the deductive pattern the writer begins with a generalization(the topic sentence) and proceeds with specific elaboration or application of the general idea.4Inductive-deductive Pattern(归纳演绎法):As the name indicates, in developing a paragraph by means of inductive-deductive pattern the writer first presents particular instances and a resulting generalization, then applies the generalization to a new instance.5第五个写作常识:Sequences of development are not independent of types of development. The most important sequences of development are general to particular, particular to general, climactic, chronological, and spatial.6Climactic Sequence (层递顺序):In a climactic sequence, the most intense or highest point of interest is saved for the final sentence, which may be, but is not necessarily, the topic sentence.7.Chronological Sequence (时间顺序):A chronological sequence is one in which earlier things precede later things; items are listed in the order in which they occur in time. The most obvious use of a chronological sequence is in telling a story.8Spatial Sequence (空间顺序):A spatial sequence is used in descriptions of various types. It starts the reader at a particular point and then moves logically in some direction, from one place to another.9第六个写作常识:The type of development is the way in which the main idea is supported-by details, definitions, statements of cause and effect, and so on.10段落展开方式:Among the most important types of paragraph development are development by detail, comparison and contrast, process, classification and partition, cause and effect, definition, and mixed development.11Development by Comparison and Contrast (比较和对比):①a comparison shows how two or more things are alike; ②a contrast shows how they are different.12Development by Division and Classification (分类法和归类法):Dividing and classifying information is central to the writing process. When we divide, we begin with a whole, a complete body of information or one idea, and break it into its parts. When we classify, we begin with many small observations and sort them into categories on the basis of their similarities.13第七个写作常识:Causal analysis involves the ability to see cause and effect relationships between two elements. In order to arrive at a cause, we need to distinguish among three kinds: necessary, sufficient and contributory.14第八个写作常识:Definitions are particularly important for limiting the intended meaning of abstract or technical terms. There are two types of definition: formal definition and extended definition. Formal definition includes the term itself, the class it belongs to, and the details that distinguish it from other items in its class.15第九个写作常识:As we have seen, a single paragraph often contains more than one type of development. Almost any kind of paragraph may include examples or illustrations. The important thing is to avoid switching abruptly and apparently without reason from one kind of development to another in the middle of a paragraph.16第十个写作常识:The introduction is probably the most important part of an essay. The introduction should agree in tone and style with the rest of the essay. It should be a natural part of it, not a different construction grafted on the top.。