词汇空缺与英语法律术语的翻译

5.方茴说："那时候我们不说爱，爱是多么遥远、多么沉重的字眼啊。

我们只说喜欢，就算喜欢也是偷偷摸摸的。

"6.方茴说："我觉得之所以说相见不如怀念，是因为相见只能让人在现实面前无奈地哀悼伤痛，而怀念却可以把已经注定的谎言变成童话。

"1."噢，居然有土龙肉，给我一块！"2.老人们都笑了，自巨石上起身。

而那些身材健壮如虎的成年人则是一阵笑骂，数落着自己的孩子，拎着骨棒与阔剑也快步向自家中走去。

案件 case案件受理费 litigation fee案由 nature of case 颁布 issue颁布 promulgate 办案 handle a case 办理 deal with包庇罪 crime of concealing the murder 保税区 bonded area 保险法 insurance law保险凭证 insurance certificate 保证 warranty 保证 guarantee 保证金 bail 保证金 margins 保证金帐户 margin account 保证人，担保人 guarantor 保证书 indemnity保证书 covenant of warranty 保证条款 warranty保值利率 inflation-proof interest rate 被裁定为 be adjudged to be 从重处罚 heavier punishment 从重处罚 severe punishment存款机构 deposit-taking institution 挫折 frustration 措词 worded错漏 error|mistake 答复 Reply 批复 Reply打官司 initiate legal proceeding 打击 struggle against打假 crack down on counterfeit goods 打假办 Office of Cracking down on Fake Products大厂回族自治县 Dachang Hui Nationality Autonomous Region 大股 substantial shareholder大股东控权人 majority shareholder controller大化瑶族自治县 Dahua Yao Nationality Autonomous County 大连市 Daliang Municipality 大律师 barrister大律师的收费 counsel's fees 大律师登记册 roll of baristers 大律师公会 Hong Kong Bar Association大律师见习职位 pupillage 被陈述人 representee被告人辨解 statement of the defendant驳回 dismiss 驳回 reject 驳回上诉 reject an appeal补偿报酬 compensatory payment 不具有法律效力 null 不具有法律效力 void不履行合同 breach of contract 不履行合约 repudiation of the contract不名誉的行为及手法 dishonourable conduct and practices不能成立 unable to establish 不时frequently不予支持 unassisted 不作为 omission财产分割 properties division 财产所有权 property right 裁定 ruling 裁定 order产权制度 property order 产权关系 property relations 撤消并发回给 reversed and remanded to the original court 陈述 state 承担 assume承担责任 to be responsible for 承典人 pledgee 承典人 pawnee 承认 confess城市住宅局 City House Bureau 出典人 pledgor 出典人 pawnor出口退税制度 the system ofrefunding taxes on exported goods 出口押汇 bill purchased出资比例 ratio of investments 处罚 penalty 触犯 violate传销 pyramid selling 串通 collaborate从宽处理 lenient punishment, liberal punishment从轻处罚 lesser punishment 从轻处罚 lighter punishment从轻处罚 impose a lenient sentence 从轻原则 the principle of lighter punishment 从事 commit大律师名册 panels of counsels 大律师事务所 barristers' chambers, chambers of counsel大律师书记 barrister's clerk 律师行业 the practice of law 大批 bulk代理检察员 acting prosecutor 代理人 agent代理审判员 acting judge代通知金 payment in lieu of notice 代销 sales by proxy丹东市 Dandong Municipality 丹阳市 Danyang Municipality 单位 entity unit单务合同 unilateral contract5.方茴说："那时候我们不说爱，爱是多么遥远、多么沉重的字眼啊。

浅析词汇空缺及其翻译词汇空缺是指一门语言中存在一些特定的概念或词汇无法用当前语言的词汇进行准确的表达或翻译。

这是在跨文化沟通或者翻译中面临的一个普遍问题。

针对这个问题，翻译人员采取的方法有很多种，解决的方式也因情况而异。

一般来说，如何翻译词汇空缺的问题，要考虑到源语和目标语两种语言文化的差异和特点，进而进行有所取舍的翻译。

这里需要强调的是，避免使用字典或在线翻译工具的固定翻译，而是要根据实际情况进行灵活的处理，充分考虑语境和文化差异。

首先，要充分理解原文中词汇所指的概念、语境和文化背景。

比如，在英语中有“awkward”这个词，它的意思是困窘、尴尬，但如果直译成中文，不能充分表达原意，因为中文中没有完全对应的词汇。

其次，在面对词汇空缺时，可以借助“描述式翻译”来增强表达的准确度和完整性。

比如，对于英文中的“happiness”这个词，在汉语中并没有对应的单一词语可以完全对应，但可以使用“幸福、欢乐、快乐”等不同形式的词语来描述这个概念，从而在翻译中增强表达的准确度和完整性。

第三，为了充分表达原文中的概念、情感和文化内涵，有时需要进行语用翻译，换言之，就是在翻译过程中充分考虑到目标语言的叙述方式和表达习惯，以增强表达的流畅性和自然度。

例如，当某一种文化中存在某些特殊的概念或习俗时，需要将这些习俗或概念进行适当的解释或注释，以便理解和接受。

最后，对于想法或概念无法在语言文化间直接翻译的情况，可以选择使用类比或借鉴的方法，通过对比或转化，寻找与目标语言或文化的对应或相似之处，从而实现符合文化习惯的表达。

总之，解决词汇空缺的问题需要考虑到源语与目标语之间的文化差异、语言差异以及上下文等方面因素，以灵活的态度进行翻译处理。

这样可以在翻译的过程中，更好地实现信息的准确传达以及沟通的顺畅。

法律常用术语分类中英对照法律常用术语【（一）、法令】rule 条例law 法律criminal law 刑法interpret 解释（法律）the legislature 立法机构the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system 法律体系【(二)、主体】the judge 法官the lawyer 律师（总称）the jury 陪审团the juror 陪审团成员the prosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；检察官，公诉人；the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人the injured party/victim被害人witness/eyewitness 见证人，目击者the prosecution 原告及其代理律师；代表原告的律师the accused/defendant 被告人the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辩护律师【（三）、违法】【案件种类】case 案件crime - criminal adj.a criminal case 刑事案件a civil case民事案件【行为/罪名--criminal behavior】guilt n. [Antonym] innocence guilty adj. [Antonym]innocentguilty of a crime/chargeinnocent of a crime/chargecommit a crime violate a criminal lawmurder 谋杀罪 first-degree murder (deliberately)一级谋杀罪；故意杀人罪manslaughter (not intentionally) 一般杀人罪；过失杀人罪forgery 伪造罪 sexual harassment 性骚扰malfeasance 渎职罪criminal: n. 罪犯 a convicted criminal ：one who has been judged guilty in a court of law a hardened criminal ：someone who has committed many crimes stab v. 用刀具行凶，捅，刺 to kill or hurt someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their body stab someone to death 刺死flick knife /switch blade/knife 弹簧刀mug v. =rob 抢劫 to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewellery, or other possessions 【（四）、程序】【逮捕】arrestpick up ：to arrest someone and take them away in a car 【调查】investigationconduct a criminal investigation intocriminal proceedings ：the process of examining a crime in a court of lawcross-examination 【诉讼】find someone guilty/not guilty ofsomething :officially decide that they are guilty/not guiltyto be charged with/to be accused ofto accuse sb. of certain crimecharge v. to charge sb. with certain crime be charged with (doing) sth e.g. They are the jury forthe trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.prosecute -prosecution n. to prosecute sb. for sth. face prosecution overto bring a prosecution against sb. 对…提起诉讼escape prosecutioncriminal charges ：official statements saying that sb is accused by the police of committing a crime claim v. to say that someone’s actions are the cause of something 【法庭种类】a criminal court刑事法庭,e.g. The scene is a jury room in a criminal court.a civil court 民事法庭children’s court 少年法庭The Supreme Court 最高法院【监督】supervise 监督【作证】to testify v.作证 to make a statement about something you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of law testify for/against someone testimony 证词proofdefinite proof provide the proofpresent the proofevidence 证据，证物 to identify 鉴别flimsy adj. not very reliable flimsy evidence accurate adj. correct or true in every detail unshakable adj. 不可动摇的 self-contradiction 自相矛盾alibi n. 不在场的证据 someone who has an alibi can prove that they were somewhere else when a crime was committed and so can claim to be not guilty 【庭审】question v.questi on/suspect sb’s motive【辩护】to defend sb为…辩护to refute 反驳--refutable adj.--refutation n. 【陪审团讨论】the jury 陪审团a grand jury 大陪审团the juror 陪审团成员the jury room 陪审室discuss - discussion 讨论proposal 提议vote 投票abstain v. 弃权vote for/in favor of/againsttake a preliminary vote e.g. I think it’s customary to take a preliminary voteanalyze 分析assume v. 假定ballot n. 无记名投票to argue with 争论agreement 一致意见disagreement 反对意见a reasonable doubtto hang the jury: to make the jury unable to reach a unanimous decisiondeclare a hung juryreach a unanimous decisionbe deemed innocent/guilty 被认为无罪/有罪prove innocent/guilty 被证明无罪/有罪【审判】guilty/ not guilty(innocent)trial/ the jury trial 审判a fair trialset free / acquitted 无罪释放admit v. agree that something is true 承认plead guilty to something : say that you areguilty e.g. He pleaded guilty to all charges. 【（五）、处罚--punishment】【场所】reform school 感化院,jail/ prison n.监狱【方式】jail v. to put someone in jail to be in jailjail someone for somethinggo/ be sent to jailto serve a jail termbe executedthe executionerto pull the switchto send sb. to the chair =send someone to the electric chair /to sentence sb. to be electrocuted 电刑 to sentence sb. to death give the sentence 施刑get out of jail 【其他】have the right to do 有权 on behalf of 代表draft 法案，草案 Government bill 政府议案 to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案 to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律 ratification, confirmation 批准 law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效 decree 法令 clause 条款minutes 备忘录 report 判例汇编 codification 法律汇编legislation 立法 legislator 立法者 jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学 legitimation 合法化 legality, lawfulness 法制，合法 legal, lawful 合法的,依法的 to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法 outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的 offender 罪犯 to abolish 废止，取消 rescission, annulment 废除，取消 repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律)cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废 annulment 撤消(遗嘱) repeal rescission 撤消(判决) revocation 撤消immunity 豁免，豁免权 disability, legal incapacity 无资格 nonretroactive character 不溯既往性 prescription 剥夺公权 attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法 canon law 教会法规 common law 习惯法 criminal law 刑法 administrative law 行政法civil law 民法 commercial law, mercantile law 商法 law of nations 万国公法，国际法 international law 国际法natural law 自然法 labour laws 劳工法 fiscal law 财政法 Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Military Law 军法 Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法 penal code 刑法典 code of mercantile law 商法典 civil rights 民事权利，公民权利right of asylum 避难权 human rights, rights of man 人权 (customs) duties 关税 death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税。

法律词汇汉英互译（一）发表时间：2005-11-18 13:54:00 阅读数次：306案件case案件受理费litigation fee案由nature of case颁布issue颁布promulgate办案handle a case办理deal with包庇罪crime of concealing the murder保税区bonded area保险法insurance law保险凭证insurance certificate保证warranty保证guarantee保证金bail保证金margins保证金帐户margin account保证人，担保人guarantor保证书indemnity保证书covenant of warranty保证条款warranty保值利率inflation-proof interest rate被裁定为be adjudged to be从重处罚heavier punishment从重处罚severe punishment存款机构deposit-taking institution挫折frustration措词worded错漏error|mistake答复Reply批复Reply打官司initiate legal proceeding打击struggle against打假crack down on counterfeit goods打假办Office of Cracking down on Fake Products大厂回族自治县Dachang Hui Nationality Autonomous Region 大股substantial shareholder大股东控权人majority shareholder controller大化瑶族自治县Dahua Yao Nationality Autonomous County 大连市Daliang Municipality大律师barrister大律师的收费counsel's fees大律师登记册roll of baristers大律师公会Hong Kong Bar Association大律师见习职位pupillage被陈述人representee被告人辨解statement of the defendant驳回dismiss驳回reject驳回上诉reject an appeal补偿报酬compensatory payment不具有法律效力null不具有法律效力void不履行合同breach of contract不履行合约repudiation of the contract不名誉的行为及手法dishonourable conduct and practices不能成立unable to establish不时frequently不予支持unassisted不作为omission财产分割properties division财产所有权property right裁定ruling裁定order产权制度property order产权关系property relations撤消并发回给reversed and remanded to the original court陈述state承担assume承担责任to be responsible for承典人pledgee承典人pawnee承认confess城市住宅局City House Bureau出典人pledgor出典人pawnor出口退税制度the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 出口押汇bill purchased出资比例ratio of investments处罚penalty触犯violate传销pyramid selling串通collaborate从宽处理lenient punishment, liberal punishment从轻处罚lesser punishment从轻处罚lighter punishment从轻处罚impose a lenient sentence从轻原则the principle of lighter punishment从事commit大律师名册panels of counsels大律师事务所barristers' chambers, chambers of counsel大律师书记barrister's clerk律师行业the practice of law大批bulk代理检察员acting prosecutor代理人agent代理审判员acting judge代通知金payment in lieu of notice代销sales by proxy丹东市Dandong Municipality丹阳市Danyang Municipality单位entity unit单务合同unilateral contract担保guarantee担保人guarantor担保书certificate of guarantee但书proviso当事人litigant当事人起诉要求the litigants sue for党政分工division of labour between the Party and the government档案工作人员file clerk法律词汇汉英互译（二）发表时间：2005-11-21 10:50:00 阅读数次：429盗窃枪支crime of stealing firearms and ammunition盗窃武器装备theft of military equipment道真仡佬族苗族自治县Daozheng Mulao Nationality Autonomous County 得到证实to be believed得利者beneficiary抵触contravene抵押mortgage抵押品pledge抵押物mortgage地方人民检察院Local People's Procuratorate地役权easement第二审判庭second tribunal第三者the third party第一审判庭first tribunal典当物pledge调查investigation调查报告investigation调查取证investigate and collect evidence调解mediate调解和强制措施mediation and enforcement measure调解书mediation agreement调解书字号Written Mediation No.订货合同卡片a card of contract订立formation定案结论verdict定案理由reason for decision定金deposit定期减免所得税regular reduction of income tax定性determination on the nature丢弃waive东北人民政府Northeast People's Government东乡族自治县Dongxiang Nationality Autonomous County董事会board of directors动机intention, motive冻干健康人血浆frozen dry healthy human blood冻干血浆frozen dry blood plasma冻结freeze, suspend都安瑶族自治县Duan Yao Nationality Autonomous County毒品罪narcotic drug crime渎职罪crime of dereliction of duty独立的不法行为independent wrong独立个案individual cases独立核算工业企业independent accounting unit独立请求书independent claim独立审判independent adjudication断绝cease提出具体意见submit detailed opinions on对等原则principle of reciprocity对等原则并参照国际惯例the principle of reciprocity and in reference to the international practice 对合同词句应当按照事情是有效的而不是无效的来理解verba ita sunt intelligenda ut res magis valeat guam pareat对金钱借贷的规定regulations of money lending对滥用职权的法律补救legal remedy for abuses of power对立的一方opposite party对令状的发出作确认acknowledge the issue of the writ对上诉抗辩oppose an appeal对书面文件的词句应当按照对提出词句的当事人尤为不利的原则来解释verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem对外经济法律顾问处Foreign Economic Legal Consultancy Office对外经济律师事务所foreign trade law firm对外经济贸易仲裁委员会Foreign Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic对物诉讼令状writ in rem对帐reconcile, reconciliation多边公约multilateral convention多边国际公约multi-latreal international conventions多分a larger share多头long position, bull position多头仲裁multiple arbitration多于一名人士2 or more persons多元立法体制plural legislative structure多元主义pluralism峨边彝族自治县Ebian Yi Nationality Autonomous County恩施土家族苗族自治县Enshi Tujia Nationality Miao Nationality Autonomous County恩恤付款ex gratia payment二审second instance二审裁定书order of second instance二审法院Court of Second Instance二审判决书written order of Second Instance二者只能择其一the inclusion of one is the exclusion of the other发回重审remand a lawsuit for a new trial发货人consignor, shipper发生法律效力be legally effective发现discovery发行审核委员会the Issuance Examination Commission发展规划development plan罚款Fin法案bill法定部门statutory machinery法定代表律师Official Solicitor法定代表人legal representative法定代理人legal agent法定继承legal inheritance法定继承人legal heir法定监护人legal guardian法定期限time limit provided by law法定义务legal duty法定语言legal language法定主管当局statuory authority法官法judges law法官考评委员会committee for the examination and appraisal of judges 法规laws and regulations法纪Law and Discipline法纪监督supervision over legal discipline法理背景jurisprudential background法理背景jurisprudential base法理学jurisprudence法令decree法律程序文件written process法律冲突conflict of laws法律服务所Legal Service Office法律概念legal concept法律顾问处Legal Consultant Office法律后果legal effect法律解释权power of law interpretation法律面前人人平等equality before the law合法的legitimate法律上的财产处分legal disposition of property法律上的能力legal capacity法律效果legal effect法律行律juristic act法律行为act under the law法律性legality法律性文献legal document法律虚无主义legal nihilism法律依据legal basis法律制裁legal sanctions法律制度structure of the law法人legal person法人代表legal representative法人单位legal entity法人委托书power of attorney法庭程序文件process of court法团公司incorporated company法系地区relevant law area法学派别School of Legal Scholare法学研究所Institute of Law法医medicolegal法院court法院组织法organic law of the courts法制委员会Commission on Legislation Affairs翻新revision反驳disprove反对通知书notice of objection反革命宣传煽动罪crime of counter revolutionary propaganda and incitement 反革命罪crime of counter-revolution反悔repudiate, resile反诉counter-claim反要约counter offer反走私anti-smuggling返还restitution返还性损害赔偿金restitutionary damages犯commit犯人convict犯罪分子offender犯罪客观方面objective aspect of crime犯罪客体object of crime犯罪事实particulars of offense犯罪心意mens rea犯罪行为actus reus犯罪中止discontinuation of a crime犯罪主观subject of crime犯罪主观方面subjective aspect of crime贩卖毒品crime of drug trafficking贩卖假药罪crime of selling bogus medicines贩卖淫秽物品罪crime of selling pornographic articles贩运伪造的国家货币罪crime of trafficking in counterfeit national currency方便与公平的原则principles of convenience and fairness防城各族自治县Fangcheng Ge Nationality Autonomous County防止性禁制令prohibitory injunction妨碍pervert妨碍司法公正interfere with the course of justice妨碍司法公正obstruction of justice妨害公务罪crime of interference with public administration妨害公务罪crime of interference with state functions妨害社会管理秩序罪crime of disrupting the order of social administration妨害他人婚姻家庭罪crime of disrupting marriage and the family房款凭证evidence of purchasing money for real estate房屋的产权property right in real estate房屋估价单home appraisal report房屋继承successor in title, transferee in real estate, transferee mottoes放火罪crime of arson放弃relinquish放弃waive放行条release pass非专业人士lay persons非法unlawful非法illegal非法查封unlawful foreclosure非法查封财产unlawfully seal up property非法逮捕, 拘禁或搜身unlawful arrest, detention, and search非法的告发wrongful prosecution非法的检举wrongful prosecution非法购买illegally purchasing非法拘禁罪crime of unlawful detention非法同居关系cohabiting unlawfully非法制造枪支及弹药罪crime of illegally manufacturing firearms and ammunition 非法转让unlawful assign men非婚生子女illegitimate child诽谤defame法律词汇汉英互译（三）发表时间：2005-11-22 11:47:00 阅读数次：229废除repeal分割partition分居live separate and apart分离severance分期付款installment payment分期付款by instalment分期支付by instalment分权共有人co-owner分权学说doctrine of separation of powers分摊apportion分租sub-lease纷争的解决settlement to disputes丰宁满族自治县Fengning Manchu Autonomous Region风险投资venture capital封宗法主意思想feudal legal thought佛山市Foshan Municipality否定repudiate否决权veto power否认deny否认立约non est factum夫妻spouse夫妻感情goodwill as between spouses夫妻共同所有财产joint property of the spouses夫妻关系spousal relationship夫妻关系中的子女a child of a union of concubinage夫妻间有互相扶养的义务mutual obligation between spouses for maintenance of one another 夫妻名义pugitive spouses夫妻身份spousal relationship夫妻在婚姻关系存续期间while a spousal relationship subsists扶养的义务mutual maintenance support obligation扶养费maintenance符号sign福利社会welfare society福州市Fuzhou Municipality抚顺市Fushun Municipality抚养foster抚养费cost of maintenance抚养关系的继父子foster father and son relationship父母权parental right付购re-purchase付清余款paid the residual balance负责be responsible附带民事诉讼supplementary civil action附录Appendix附件Appendix附属公司subsidiary附属于collateral to阜新蒙古族自治县Fuxin Mongolia Autonomous Country复合氨基酸compound amino acid复核审法院Court of Review复息compound interest复议review复员费decommission pay复员军人demobilized serviceman副检察长Deputy Chief Procuratoy富川瑶族自治县Fuchuan Yao Nationality Autonomous改过自新remorse and reform盖章seal干部cadre干扰disturb干扰证人interfere with a witness干预intervention甘肃省Gansu Province肝炎hepatitis感化influence感情破裂loss of affection赣州市Ganzhou Municipality港币发行权authority to issue Hong Kong currency革委会revolutionary committee格式合同standard form of contract个人财产personal property个体户individual household个体劳动者所有权individual worker's ownership各级at different levels各级地方政府local government at several levels各尽所能from each according to his ability各省of all provinces给予assign给予适当的经济帮助render suitable financial assistance给予援助令状Writ of Assistance根本法律fundamental law根据成文法推定的默示条款terms implied by legislation根据法院判决推定的默示条款terms implied by courts根据惯例推定的默示条款terms implied by usage根据婚姻法的规定according to Marriage Law provisions更改alter更换replacement工矿产品合同试行条例The Trial Implementing Regulations on Contracts of Industrial and Mineral Product工矿区industrial and mining district工农联盟Alliance of Workers and Peasants工商统一税unified industrial-commercial tax工作场所work place公检法机关organs of the public security, the procuracy and the court公安Public Security Officers公安部Ministry of Public Security公安部法规局The Bureau of Policies and Regulations of the Ministry of Public Security公安处Public Security Office公安机关Public Security Organs公安机关行政处罚决定Public Security Penalty Decision公安局Public Security Bureau公安派出所local police station公安人员Public Security Officers公共开支public expenditure公共性public character公共帐目的审计制度system for auditing public accounts公共政策public policy公共政策的原则principle of public policy公共秩序public order公共主管当局competent authority公积金public accumulation funds公检法public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts公开disclose公开聆讯方式public hearing公开审理public hearing公民citizen公民劳动义务civic duty to work公平fair公社commune公司enterprise公司存在期限duration of company公司章程Articles of Association公诉public prosecution公诉机关public prosecution organ公诉人public prosecutor公诉书bill of indictment公务人员public official公有制public ownership system公约国Convention country公约证明书Convention certificates公证承付notarial act of honour公证会计师办事处Notarial Accountants' Office公证机关notary public公证人public notary公证证明notarial certification公职public office公众假期public holiday公众假日public holiday公众利益public advantage供认confession供述confession供销合作社supply and marketing co-operative共负盈亏share profits and losses共谋collude共青团中央The Central Committee of the Communist Young League 共识政府Government by consensus共同被告人co-defendant共同财产common property共同犯罪joint offence共同纲领common programme共同权利a joint right共同实施违法行为jointly committed the offence共同误解common mistake共同原告co-plaintiff共同债务joint debts共享软件shareware勾结collude构成要件constitutive requirements估计assess股东大会stock-holder meeting股份有限公司stock limited company固定资产fixed capital故意intention故意的动机intentional motive故意破坏公私财物罪crime of intentionally sabotaging public or private property故意杀人罪crime of intentional homicide故意伤害intentional injury故意伤害致人死亡intentional infliction of bodily injury resulting in a person's death故意伤害致死罪crime of intentionally injuring another which resulted in death故意伤害罪crime of intentional injury故意投毒spreading poison with intent雇佣合同employment contract寡妇widow挂靠be subordinate to挂牌公司company-in-name拐卖人口罪crime of abducting and trafficking human beings关键pivotal issue关税壁垒customs barrier关系恶化worsening of relations关系过远remote关押custody关员级人员customs officer官僚主义bureaucracy官职public office管卡压interference, obstruction and oppression管理办法Administrative Measures行政措施Administrative Measures管辖范围scope of jurisdiction管辖权jurisdiction管有令状writ of possession管制control管制public surveillance管制regulate贯彻执行executed in fact广东省Guangdong Province广西壮族自治区Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region归还restitution规范regulate规则rule规章directive桂林市Guilin Municipality锅炉压力容器检验所Inspection Institution for Boiler Pressing Containers国防部Ministry of National Defense国防科学技术工业委员会National Defense Scientific Technological Industry国际供应合同international supply contract国际惯例international common practice国际惯例international practice国际海事卫星组织公约Convention on the International Maritime Satellite Organization 国际私法private international law国际运输international transport国家安全局The State Administration of National Security国家版权局State Copyright Bureau国家保密局State Bureau of Protection of Confidential Documents国家编制委员会State Organization Commission国家标准局State Standard Bureau国家测绘局State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping国家城市建设总局State City Construction General Bureau国家出版局State Publication Bureau国家出入境检验检疫局The State Administration for Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine国家档案局State Archives Bureau国家地震局State Seismology Bureau法律词汇汉英互译（四）发表时间：2005-11-28 13:21:00 阅读数次：303国家电力公司State Electric Power Corporation国家发展计划委员会State Development & Planning Commission国家防汛总指挥郭办公室State Flood Prevention General Command Office国家房管局State Housing Management Bureau国家纺织工业局State Administration on Textile Industry国家纺织工业局State Textile Industry Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration for Industry and Commerce国家公诉人State Prosecutor国家广播电影电视总局The State Broadcasting Film and Television Administration国家国防动员委员会National Defense Mobilization Commission国家国内贸易局State Administration for Domestic Trade国家国有资产管理局State State-owned Assets Administration Bureau国家海洋局State Oceanic Administration国家核安全局State Nuclear Safety Bureau国家环境保护总局State Environment Protection Administration国家黄金管理局State Gold Administration Bureau国家机关人民防空办公室State Organ People Air Defence Office国家机械工业局State Administration of Machinery Industry国家基本建设委员会State Infrastructure Commission国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission国家计划委员会State Planning Commission国家计量局State Metrological Bureau机部机械设备成套总局General Office of Complete Set of Machinery of the First Machinery Industry Ministry of the State Construction Commission国家建筑材料工业局State Construction Materials Industry Administration国家教育委员会State Education Commission国家结构state structure国家进出口管理委员会State Import & Export Regulatory Commission国家进出口银行State Import & Export Bank国家禁毒委员会National Ban Drugs Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economy & Trade Commission国家经济体制改革委员会State Commission for Restructuring Economy国家经济委员会State Economy Commission国家开发银行State Development Bank国家开发银行办公厅General Office of State Development Bank国家科委自然科学奖励委员会State Science Commission国家科学发明评选委员会State Science Commission Invent Selection Commission 国家科学技术委员会State Scientific and Technological Commission国家劳动总局State Labour Bureau国家粮食储备局State Grain Reserves Bureau国家林业局State Bureau of Forestry国家旅游局State Bureau of Tourism国家煤炭工业局State Coal Industry Administration国家密码管理委员会办公室State Secret code Regulatory Commission Office国家民族事务委员会State National Affairs Commission国家南极考察委员会National South Pole Investigation Commission国家能源投资公司State Energy Resources Investment Corporation国家能源委员会State Energy Resources Commission国家农业委员会State Agriculture Commission国家农业综合开发办公室State Agriculture Comprehensive Development Office国家破产储量管理局State Minerals Reserves Administration Bureau国家器具state apparatus国家轻工业局State Light Industry Administration国家轻工业局State Light Industry Bureau国家人防委员会State People's Air Defense Commission国家人事局State Personnel Bureau国家商标局State Trademark Bureau国家商检局State Commodity Inspection Bureau国家石油和化学工业局State Petroleum and Chemical Industry国家水产总局State Aquatic Product General Bureau国家税务局National Taxation Head Office国家税务总局State Administration on Taxation国家所有权state ownership国家体育运动委员会State Physical Culture and Sports Commission国家体育总局State Administration of Sports国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家土地State owned land国家土地管理局China Land Administration Bureau国家外国专家局State Foreign Expert Bureau国家外汇管理局State Foreign Exchange Administration Bureau国家文物局State Cultural Relic Bureau国家无线电管理委员会State Radio Regulatory Commission国家物价局State Price Control Bureau国家物资局State Commodities Bureau国家新闻出版署National News Publication Bureau (National Copyright Bureau) 国家行政区域划分demarcation of national administrative zones国家行政学院Chinese Academy of Engineering Sciences国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration国家冶金工业局State Metallurgical Industry Bureau国家邮政局State Post Office Bureau国家有色金属工业局State Non-Ferrous Metal Industry Bureau国家语言文字工作委员会State Language Affairs Commission国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Bureau国家制度state system国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality Technical Supervision国家中医药管理局State Chinese Medicine Administration Bureau国家主席President of the State国家自然科学基金委员会State Natural Science Funds Commission国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国库券treasury bills国民政府National Government国体polity国土资源部Ministry of Natural Resources国务院State Council国务院Safety manufacture Commission of the State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council国务院参事室Counsellor Office of the State Council国务院出版事业管理局Publication Cause Administration Bureau of the Council国务院电子振兴领导小组办公室Electronic Rejuvenation Leading Group Office of the State Council国务院发展研究中心The State Development Research Center国务院法制办Legal Affairs Office of the State Council国务院法制局Bureau of the Legislative Affairs under the State Council国务院扶贫开发办Aid-the-Poor Development Office of the State Council国务院港澳办Hong Kong and Macao Office of the State Council国务院工资制度改革小组Salary Reform Group of the State Council国务院关税税则委员会Customs tariff Commission of the State Council国务院环境保护领导小组Environment Protection Leading Group of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局Bureau of Institutional Affairs of the State Council国务院计划生育领导小组Family Planning Leading Group of the State Council国务院减轻企业负担部际联席会议Lighten the Burden on the CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY国务院经法规研究中心Research Centre for Economic Legislation Under the State Council国务院经济法规研究中心Economic Law Research Center of the State Council国务院经济贸易办公室Economic and Trade Office of the State Council国务院纠正行业不正之风办公室Correcting Industrial Illegitimate Practice Office of the State Council国务院军队转业干部安置工作小组Demobilized Army Cadre Emplacement Leading Group of the State Council国务院科技干部局Science and Technology Cadre Bureau of the State Council国务院科技教育领导小组办公室Science and Technology Education Leading Group Office of the State Council国务院口岸领导小组Port Leading Group of the State Council国务院农村发展研究中心Rural Development Research Center of the State Council国务院贫困地区经济开发领导小组Impoverished Area Economic Development Leading Group of the State Council国务院企业管理委员会Enterprise Regulatory Commission of the State Council国务院侨务办公室Oversea Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council国务院清产核资领导小组Liquidition and Assets Check Group of the State Council国务院清产核资领导小组办公室Liquidation Assets Check Leading Group Office of the State Council 国务院清理三角债导小组Clearing "Chain Debts" Leading Group of the State Council国务院清理固定资产投资项目领导小组Liquidition Fixed Asset Investment Projects Leading Group of the State Council国务院三峡工程建设委员会Three Gorges Project Construction Commission of the State Council国务院三线建设调整改造规划办公室San Xian Construction Adjustment Reorganization Planning Office of the State Council国务院生产办公室Manufacture Office of the State Council国务院水土保持委员会Water Soil Conservation Commission of the State Council国务院税收财务物价大检查办公室) Taxation Accounting Commodity Price Examination Office of the State Council国务院台湾事务办公室Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council国务院特区办公室Special Zone Office of the State Council国务院体制改革办公室System Reform Office of the State Council国务院统一着装管理委员会Uniform Regulatory Commission of the State Council国务院退伍军人和军队离退休干部安置领导小组Demobilized Soldier and Army Retired Cadre Emplacement Leading Group of the State Council国务院外事办Foreign Affairs Bureau of the State Council国务院稀土领导小组Rare-Earth Leading Group of the State Council国务院新闻办公室News Office of the State Council国务院信息化工作领导小组Information Work Leading Group of the State Council国务院学位委员会Academic Degree Commission of the State Council国务院证券委员会Securities Commission of the State Council国务院知青办Intellectual Young People Office of the State Council国务院知识产权办公会议办公室Intellectual Property Working Meeting Office of the State Council国务院住房制度改革领导小组Housing System Reform Leading Group of the State Council国有股state-owned shares国有股减持reduce state's stake in listed companies国债投资treasury bond investment国债专项资金special fund for treasury bond哈尔滨市Harbin Municipality海关法customs law海关税customs duties海关总署General Customs Administration海军司令部Commander Department of the Navy 海事法院admiralty court海洋公约the Hague Convention含糊ambiguity邯郸市Handan Municipality汉族Han people合并merger合法lawful合法的房屋所有权legitimate land ownership right 合法继承人lawful successor合法权益lawful benefit合法权益lawful right合法收入legitimate income合法受让人lawful assignee合法性legality合肥市Hefei Municipality合伙生意partnership合计惩处aggregate punishment合理的reasonable合理的考虑reasonable contemplation合理的预见reasonable foresee ability合理期限reasonable time合理时限reasonable time法律词汇汉英互译（五）发表时间：2005-12-3 1:01:00 阅读数次：893合理性方面的要求requirement of reasonableness 合理性要求requirement of reasonableness合谋conspire合谋诈骗conspiratorial swindling合适的处分appropriate penalty合适的处分just penalty合适人选fit person合同变更modification of contract合同当事人contracting parties合同当事人相互关系privity of contract合同法law of contract合同前仲裁pre-contract arbitration合同条款的分类classification of terms合同转让assignment of contract合议纪要summary of discussion合议庭Collegiate Bench合议制collegiate system合营期限duration of joint ventures合约contract合约一方party合约责任contractual obligation合作经营企业co-operative venture和解accord河北省高级人民法院High People's Court of Hebei Province核实verify核实证据verified evidence黑龙江省Heilongjiang Province横向关系horizontal relationship衡平法equity衡平法赋予的自由裁量权equitable discretion衡平法上的补救措施equitable remedy衡阳市Hengyang Municipality哄抢财产roaring seizure后法优于前法lex posterior derogat lex priori后果的严重程度severity of consequence后续条件condition subsequent呼和浩特市Huhehaote Municipality互免签证协议visa exemption agreement互相帮助assist each other互相抵押mutual security互相供养的责任感a sense of mutual obligation to support one another 互相印证corroborate互选elect from among themselves互争权利诉讼interpleader proceedings户口尚未解决residence account in the city not yet properly arranged 华侨事务委员会Oversea Chinese Affairs Commission淮南市Huainan Municipality缓期执行suspension of execution缓刑suspended sentence患精神病mentally ill, psychologically ill恢复resume恢复行使主权resume the exercise of sovereignty挥霍浪费spendthrift挥霍浪费waste徽章honour回报return回报payoff回报率rate of return回避withdrawal回购协议repurchase agreement回扣commit悔改remorse悔改repent悔罪repentance汇票draft贿赂bribery惠州市Huizhou Municipality婚外性关系sexual relations outside marriage婚姻登记所Marriage Registration Office婚姻法marriage law婚姻基础basis for marriage婚姻授产协议marriage settlement混合饲料mixed provender货证bill of lading获得procurement机械工业委员会Machinery Industry Commission基本法Basic Law基本法律basic statute基本权利和义务fundamental rights and duties基本人权fundamental human rights基本性国家法律overriding national law基本政策fundamental policies基层公安机关grassroots public security agencies基层人民法院Basic People's Court基层人民法院副院长Basic People's Court vice-president基层人民法院院长Basic People's Court president缉私anti-smuggling及时promptness即此函达尚希见复为荷respectfully submitted for clearance 极刑capital punishment集会结社assembly and association集体企业collectively owned enterprise集体所有collective ownership集体所有制单位unit under collective ownership集体土地collective-owned land计划经济planned economy计划生育family planning技术产权交易所technology equity market济南市Jinan Municipality济宁市Jining Municipality继承in succession继承纠纷succession dispute继承权right in succession继承人successor继承人多many successors and beneficiaries and not suitable for division 继承遗产take as a beneficiary under an estate继父母step parent继续进行to proceed继子女step-child寄递consignment寄养子女foster child寄运consignment加权平均值weighted average加重刑罚Aggravate Punishment佳木斯市Kiamusze Municipality家庭财产分割协议marriage settlement家庭成员family members家庭法family law家庭副业family sideline production假冒商标passing of trademark假冒商标罪crime of passing off trademarks假释parole假证据false evidence奸淫幼女罪crime of having sexual intercourse with a minor坚决要求firmly demanded间接法indirect rule兼容性compatibility监察部Ministry of Supervision监察局Supervisory Bureau监督supervise监护人guardian监内执行execution of punishment inside the prison监视surveillance监视居住residential surveillance监狱Prison and Detention houses减轻处罚reduced punishment减轻损失mitigation检查鉴定结论conclusion after examination检查员censor检察长chief procurator检察机关procuratorate检察人员procurator检察委员会Procuratorial Committee检察委员会会员Procuratorial Committee member检察委员会检察员Procuratorial Committee procurator检察委员会书记员Procuratorial Committee clerk检察委员会助理检察员Procuratorial Committee assistant procurator检举accusation检控institute a public prosecution检验examination简单合同simple contract。

法律常用术语【（一）、法令】rule 条例law 法律criminal law 刑法interpret 解释（法律）the legislature 立法机构the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system法律体系【(二)、主体】the judge 法官the lawyer律师（总称）the jury陪审团the juror陪审团成员the prosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；检察官，公诉人；the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人the injured party/victim 被害人witness/eyewitness 见证人，目击者the prosecution 原告及其代理律师；代表原告的律师the accused/defendant 被告人the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辩护律师【（三）、违法】【案件种类】case 案件crime - criminal adj.a criminal case 刑事案件a civil case 民事案件【行为/罪名--criminal behavior】guilt n. [Antonym] innocenceguilty adj. [Antonym]innocentguilty of a crime/chargeinnocent of a crime/chargecommit a crimeviolate a criminal lawmurder 谋杀罪first-degree murder (deliberately)一级谋杀罪；故意杀人罪manslaughter (not intentionally) 一般杀人罪；过失杀人罪forgery 伪造罪sexual harassment 性骚扰malfeasance 渎职罪criminal: n. 罪犯a convicted criminal ：one who has been judged guilty in a court of lawa hardened criminal ：someone who has committed many crimesstab v. 用刀具行凶，捅，刺to kill or hurt someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their bodystab someone to death 刺死flick knife /switch blade/knife 弹簧刀mug v. =rob抢劫to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewellery, or other possessions【（四）、程序】【逮捕】arrestpick up ：to arrest someone and take them away in a car【调查】investigationconduct a criminal investigation intocriminal proceedings ：the process of examining a crime in a court of lawcross-examination【诉讼】find someone guilty/not guilty of something :officially decide that they are guilty/not guiltyto be charged with/to be accused ofto accuse sb. of certain crimecharge v.to charge sb. with certain crimebe charged with (doing) sthe.g. They are the jury for the trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.prosecute -prosecution n.to prosecute sb. for sth.face prosecution overto bring a prosecution against sb. 对…提起诉讼escape prosecutioncriminal charges ：official statements saying that sb is accused by the police of committing a crimeclaim v. to say that someone’s actions are the cause of something 【法庭种类】a criminal court 刑事法庭,e.g. The scene is a jury room in a criminal court.a civil court 民事法庭children’s court 少年法庭The Supreme Court 最高法院【监督】supervise监督【作证】to testify v.作证to make a statement about something you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of lawtestify for/against someonetestimony证词proofdefinite proofprovide the proofpresent the proofevidence 证据，证物to identify 鉴别flimsy adj. not very reliableflimsy evidenceaccurate adj. correct or true in every detailunshakable adj. 不可动摇的self-contradiction 自相矛盾alibi n. 不在场的证据someone who has an alibi can prove that they were somewhere else when a crime was committed and so can claim to be not guilty【庭审】question v.question/suspect sb’s motive【辩护】to defend sb 为…辩护to refute 反驳--refutable adj.--refutation n.【陪审团讨论】the jury陪审团a grand jury 大陪审团the juror陪审团成员the jury room 陪审室discuss - discussion讨论proposal 提议vote 投票abstain v. 弃权vote for/in favor of/againsttake a preliminary votee.g. I think i t’s customary to take a preliminary vote analyze 分析assume v. 假定ballot n. 无记名投票to argue with 争论agreement 一致意见disagreement 反对意见a reasonable doubtto hang the jury: to make the jury unable to reach a unanimous decisiondeclare a hung juryreach a unanimous decisionbe deemed innocent/guilty 被认为无罪/有罪prove innocent/guilty被证明无罪/有罪【审判】guilty/ not guilty(innocent)trial/ the jury trial审判a fair trialset free / acquitted 无罪释放admit v. agree that something is true 承认plead guilty to something : say that you are guiltye.g. He pleaded guilty to all charges.【（五）、处罚--punishment】【场所】reform school 感化院,jail/ prison n.监狱【方式】jail v. to put someone in jailto be in jailjail someone for somethinggo/ be sent to jailto serve a jail termbe executedthe executionerto pull the switchto send sb. to the chair =send someone to the electric chair /to sentence sb. to be electrocuted电刑to sentence sb. to deathgive the sentence 施刑get out of jail【其他】have the right to do 有权on behalf of 代表draft 法案，草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制，合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止，取消rescission, annulment 废除，取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免，豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法，国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利，公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税。

汉英法律词汇大全法律翻译词汇案件：case案件受理费：litigation fee案由：nature of case暗补：implicit subsidy暗亏：hidden loss颁布：issue颁发营业执照：license; to grant a license to办案：handle a case办理：deal with办理存款业务：take deposits包庇罪：crime of concealing the murder保护农民的生产积极性：protect farmers' incentive to produce保税区：bonded area保险法：insurance law保险凭证：insurance certificate 保证：warranty保证：guarantee保证金：bail保证金：margins保证金帐户：margin account保证人，担保人：guarantor保证书：indemnity保证书：covenant of warranty保证条款：warranty保值利率：inflation-proof interest rate备付金：excess reserves被裁定为：be adjudged to be被陈述人：representee被告人辨解：statement of the defendant奔小康：strive to prosper本外币并账：consolidation of domestic and foreigncurrency accounts本外币对冲操作：sterilization operation本位利益：localized interest币种搭配不当：currency mismatch币种构成：currency composition避税：tax avoidance变相社会集资：disguised irregular fund raising表外科目：off-balance-sheet items驳回：dismiss驳回：reject驳回上诉：reject an appeal薄弱环节：weaknesses补偿报酬：compensatory payment不变成本：fixed cost不变价：at constant price不动产：real estate不具有法律效力：null不具有法律效力：void不良贷款：problem loans不履行合同：breach of contract不履行合约：repudiation of the contract不名誉的行为及手法：dishonorable conduct and practices不能成立：unable to establish不时：frequently不予支持：unassisted不作为：omission财产分割：properties division财产所有权：property right财务公司：finance companies财政赤字：fiscal deficit财政挤银行：fiscal pressure on the central bank财政政策与货币政策的配合：coordination of fiscaland monetary policies裁定：ruling裁定：order采取循序渐进的方法：in a phased and sequencedmanner操纵汇率：manipulate exchange rate操作弹性：operational flexibility产品构成：product composition产品积压：stock pile产权关系：property relations产权制度：property order产销率：current period inventory产销衔接：marketability产业政策：industrial policy长期国债：treasury bonds敞口头寸：open position炒股：speculate in the stock market撤消并发回给：reversed and remanded to the originalcourt陈述：state成套机电产品：complete sets of equipment; completeplant承担：assume承担责任：to be responsible for承典人：pledgee承典人：pawnee承购包销：underwrite承认：confess城市合作银行：urban cooperative banks; municipalunited banks城市商业银行：municipal commercial banks城市信用社：urban credit cooperatives城市住宅局：City House Bureau城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅：real growth inhousehold income持续升温：persistent overheating筹资渠道：funding sources出典人：pledgor出典人：pawnor出口统一管理、归口经营：canalization of exports出口退税：export tax rebate出口退税制度：the system of refunding taxes on exported goods出口押汇：bill purchased出资比例：ratio of investments初见成效：initial success储蓄存款：household deposits储蓄分流：diversion of household deposits储源萎缩：decline in the availability of household savings处罚：penalty触犯：violate传导机制：transmission mechanism 传销：pyramid selling串通：collaborate从价税：ad valorem tax从紧控制：tight control从宽处理：lenient punishment, liberal punishment从轻处罚：lesser punishment从轻处罚：lighter punishment从轻处罚：impose a lenient sentence从轻原则：the principle of lighter punishment从事：commit从重处罚：heavier punishment从重处罚：severe punishment存贷款比例：loan ratio存款保险体系：deposit insurance system存款货币银行：deposit money banks存款机构：deposit-taking institution存款准备金：required reserves挫折：frustration措词：worded错漏：error|mistake答复：Reply打白条：issue IOU打官司：initiate legal proceeding打击：struggle against打假：crack down on counterfeit goods打假办：Office of Cracking down on Fake Products大厂回族自治县：Dachang Hui NationalityAutonomous Region大额存单：certificate of deposit大额提现：withdraw deposits in large amounts大股：substantial shareholder大股东控权人：majority shareholder controller大化瑶族自治县：Dahua Yao NationalityAutonomous County大连市：Daliang Municipality大律师：barrister大律师的收费：counsel's fees大律师登记册：roll of baristers大律师公会：Hong Kong Bar Association大律师见习职位：pupillage大律师名册：panels of counsels大律师事务所：barristers' chambers,chambers of counsel大律师书记：barrister's clerk大面积滑坡：wide-spread decline大批：bulk大一统的银行体制：mono-bank system呆账（请见"坏账"）：bad loans呆账准备金：loan loss reserves呆滞贷款：idle loans代理国库：act as fiscal agent代理检察员：acting prosecutor代理金融机构贷款：make loans on behalf of otherinstitutions代理人：agent代理审判员：acting judge代通知金：payment in lieu of notice代销：sales by proxy贷款沉淀：non-performing loans贷款分类：loan classification贷款限额管理：credit control; to impose credit ceiling贷款约束机制：credit disciplinary mechanism戴帽贷款：ear-marked loans丹东市：Dandong Municipality丹阳市：Danyang Municipality单位：entity unit单务合同：unilateral contract担保：guarantee担保人：guarantor担保书：certificate of guarantee但书：proviso当事人：litigant当事人起诉要求：the litigants sue for党政分工：division of labour between the Party andthe government档案工作人员：file clerk倒逼机制：reversed transmission of the pressure foreasing mone-tary condition盗窃枪支：crime of stealing firearms and ammunition盗窃武器装备：theft of military equipment道德风险：moral hazard道真仡佬族苗族自治县：Daozheng MulaoNationality Autonomous County得到证实：to be believed得利者：beneficiary抵触：contravene抵押：mortgage抵押品：pledge抵押物：mortgage地方人民检察院：Local People's Procuratorate地区差别：regional disparity地役权：easement递延资产：deferrable assets第二产业：the secondary industry第二审判庭：second tribunal第三产业：the service industry; the tertiary industry 第三者：the third party第一产业：the primary industry第一审判庭：first tribunal典当物：pledge调查：investigation调查报告：investigation调查取证：investigate and collect evidence调节流动性：influence liquidity level调解：mediate调解和强制措施：mediation and enforcementmeasure调解书：mediation agreement调解书字号：Written Mediation No.订货不足：insufficient orders订货合同卡片：a card of contract订立：formation定案结论：verdict定案理由：reason for decision定金：deposit定期存款：time deposits定期减免所得税：regular reduction of income tax定向募集：raising funds from targeted sources定性：determination on the nature丢弃：waive东北人民政府：Northeast People's Government东道国：host country东乡族自治县：Dongxiang Nationality AutonomousCounty董事会：board of directors动机：intention, motive冻干健康人血浆：frozen dry healthy human blood冻干血浆：frozen dry blood plasma冻结：freeze, suspend都安瑶族自治县：Duan Yao Nationality AutonomousCounty毒品罪：narcotic drug crime渎职罪：crime of dereliction of duty独立的不法行为：independent wrong独立个案：individual cases独立核算：independent accounting独立核算工业企业：independent accounting unit独立请求书：independent claim独立审判：independent adjudication短期国债：treasury bills断绝：cease对冲操作：sterilization operation; hedging对等原则：principle of reciprocity对等原则并参照国际惯例：the principle of reciprocity and in reference to the international practice对非金融部门债权：claims on non-financial sector对合同词句应当按照事情是有效的而不是无效的来理解：verba ita sunt intelligenda ut res magis valeat guam pareat对金钱借贷的规定：regulations of money lending对滥用职权的法律补救：legal remedy for abuses of power对立的一方：opposite party对令状的发出作确认：acknowledge the issue of the writ对上诉抗辩：oppose an appeal对书面文件的词句应当按照对提出词句的当事人尤为不利的原则来解释：verba chartarum fortiusaccipiuntur contra proferentem对外经济法律顾问处：Foreign Economic LegalConsultancy Office对外经济律师事务所：foreign trade law firm对外经济贸易仲裁委员会：Foreign Economic andTrade Arbitration Commission对外贸易经济合作部：Ministry of Foreign Trade andEconomic对物诉讼令状：writ in rem对帐：reconcile, reconciliation多边公约：multilateral convention多边国际公约：multi-latreal internationalconventions多分：a larger share多头：long position, bull position多头仲裁：multiple arbitration多于一名人士：2 or more persons多元立法体制：plural legislative structure多元主义：pluralism多种所有制形式：diversified ownership峨边彝族自治县：Ebian Yi Nationality AutonomousCounty恶性通货膨胀：hyperinflation恩施土家族苗族自治县：Enshi Tujia NationalityMiao Nationality Autonomous County恩恤付款：ex gratia payment二级市场：secondary market二审：second instance二审裁定书：order of second instance二审法院：Court of Second Instance二审判决书：written order of Second Instance二者只能择其一：the inclusion of one is theexclusion of the other发回重审：remand a lawsuit for a new trial发货人：consignor,shipper发生法律效力：be legally effective发现：discovery发行货币：issue currency发行审核委员会：the Issuance Examination Commission发行总股本：total stock issue发展规划：development plan罚款：Fin法案：bill法定部门：statutory machinery法定代表律师：Official Solicitor法定代表人：legal representative法定代理人：legal agent法定继承：legal inheritance法定继承人：legal heir法定监护人：legal guardian法定期限：time limit provided by law法定义务：legal duty法定语言：legal language法定主管当局：statuory authority法定准备金：required reserves; reserve requirement法官法：judges law法官考评委员会：committee for the examination andappraisal of judges法规：laws and regulations法纪：Law and Discipline法纪监督：supervision over legal discipline法理背景：jurisprudential background法理背景：jurisprudential base法理学：jurisprudence法令：decree法律程序文件：written process法律冲突：conflict of laws法律服务所：Legal Service Office法律概念：legal concept法律顾问处：Legal Consultant Office法律后果：legal effect法律解释权：power of law interpretation法律面前人人平等：equality before the law法律上的财产处分：legal disposition of property法律上的能力：legal capacity法律效果：legal effect法律行律：juristic act法律行为：act under the law法律性：legality法律性文献：legal document法律虚无主义：legal nihilism法律依据：legal basis法律制裁：legal sanctions法律制度：structure of the law法人：legal person法人代表：legal representative法人单位：legal entity法人股：institutional shares法人股东：institutional shareholders法人委托书：power of attorney法庭程序文件：process of court法团公司：incorporated company法系地区：relevant law area法学派别：School of Legal Scholare法学研究所：Institute of Law法医：medicolegal法院：court法院组织法：organic law of the courts法制委员会：Commission on Legislation Affairs 法治：rule of law翻新：revision反驳：disprove反对通知书：notice of objection法律翻译公司反革命宣传煽动罪：crime of counter revolutionarypropaganda and incitement反革命罪：crime of counter-revolution反悔：repudiate, resile反诉：counter-claim反要约：counter offer反走私：anti-smuggling返还：restitution返还性损害赔偿金：restitutionary damages犯：commit犯人：convict犯罪分子：offender犯罪客观方面：objective aspect of crime犯罪客体：object of crime犯罪事实：particulars of offense犯罪心意：mens rea犯罪行为：actus reus犯罪中止：discontinuation of a crime犯罪主观：subject of crime犯罪主观方面：subjective aspect of crime贩卖毒品：crime of drug trafficking贩卖假药罪：crime of selling bogus medicines贩卖淫秽物品罪：crime of selling pornographicarticles贩运伪造的国家货币罪：crime of trafficking incounterfeit national currency方便与公平的原则：principles of convenience andfairness防城各族自治县：Fangcheng Ge NationalityAutonomous County防止性禁制令：prohibitory injunction妨碍：pervert妨碍司法公正：interfere with the couse of justice妨碍司法公正：obstruction of justice妨害公务罪：crime of interference with public administration妨害公务罪：crime of interference with state functions妨害社会管理秩序罪：crime of disrupting the order of social administration妨害他人婚姻家庭罪：crime of disrupting marriage and the family房地产投资：real estate investment房款凭证：evidence of purchasing money for real estate房屋的产权：property right in real estate房屋估价单：home appraisal report房屋继承：successor in title,transferee in real estate, transferee mottoes放火罪：crime of arson放弃：relinguish放弃：waive放松银根：ease monetary policy放行条：release pass非法：unlawful非法：illegal非法查封：unlawful foreclosure非法查封财产：unlawfully seal up property非法逮捕, 拘禁或搜身：unlawful arrest, detention,and search非法的告发：wrongful prosecution非法的检举：wrongful prosecution非法购买：illegally purchasing非法拘禁罪：crime of unlawful detention非法同居关系：cohabiting unlawfully非法制造枪支及弹药罪：crime of illegallymanufacturing firearms and ammunition非法转让：unlawful assignment非婚生子女：illegimate child非现场稽核：off-site surveillance非银行金融机构：non-bank financial institutions非赢利性机构：non-profit organizations非专业人士：lay persons诽谤：defame废除：repeal分割：partition分居：live separate and apart分离：severance分期付款：installment payment分期付款：by instalment分期支付：by instalment分权共有人：co-owner分权学说：doctrine of separation of powers分税制：assignment of central and local taxes; taxassignmentsystem分摊：apportion分业经营：segregation of financial business services分灶吃饭重点建设：key construction projects分租：sub-lease纷争的解决：settlement to disputes丰宁满族自治县：Fengning Manchu Autonomous Region风险暴露：risk exposure风险敞口：risk exposure风险管理：risk management风险投资：venture capital风险意识：risk awareness风险资本比例：risk-weighted capital ratios风险资本标准：risk-based capital standard封宗法主意思想：feudal legal thought佛山市：Foshan Municipality否定：repudiate否决权：veto power否认：deny否认立约：non est factum夫妻：spouse夫妻感情：goodwill as between spouses夫妻共同所有财产：joint property of the spouses夫妻关系：spousal relationship夫妻关系中的子女： a child of a union ofconcubinage夫妻间有互相扶养的义务：mutual obligationbetween spouses for maintenance of one another夫妻名义：pugitive spouses夫妻身份：spousal relationship夫妻在婚姻关系存续期间：while a spousalrelationship subsists扶贫：poverty alleviation扶养的义务：mutual maintenance support obligation扶养费：maintenance服务事业收入：public service charges符号：sign福利社会：welfare society福州市：Fuzhou Municipality抚顺市：Fushun Municipality抚养：foster抚养费：cost of maintenance抚养关系的继父子：foster father and son relationship父母权：parental right付购：re-purchase付清余款：paid the residual balance负责：be responsible负增长：negative growth附带民事诉讼：supplementary civil action附件：Appendix附录：Appendix附属公司：subsidiary附属于：collateral to阜新蒙古族自治县：Fuxin Mongolia AutonomousCountry复合氨基酸：compound amino acid复核审法院：Court of Review复式预算制：double-entry budgeting复息：compound interest复议：review复员费：decommission pay复员军人：demobilized serviceman副检察长：Deputy Chief Procuratoy富川瑶族自治县：Fuchuan Yao Nationality Autonomous改革试点：reform experimentation改过自新：remorse and reform盖章：seal干部：cadre干扰：disturb干扰证人：interfere with a witness 干预：intervention甘肃省：Gansu Province肝炎：hepatitis感化：influence感情破裂：loss of affection赣州市：Ganzhou Municipality港币发行权：authority to issue Hong Kong currency杠杆率：leverage ratio杠杆收购：leveraged buyout高息集资：raise funds by offering high interest革委会：revolutionary committee格式合同：standard form of contract格言：maxim个人财产：personal property个人股：non-institutional shares个体户：individual household个体劳动者所有权：individual worker's ownership各级：at different levels各级地方政府：local government at several levels各尽所能：from each according to his ability各省：of all provinces给予：assign给予适当的经济帮助：render suitable financialassistance给予援助令状：Writ of Assistance根本法律：fundamental law根本扭转：fundamental turnaround根据成文法推定的默示条款：terms implied bylegislation根据法院判决推定的默示条款：terms implied bycourts根据惯例推定的默示条款：terms implied by usage根据婚姻法的规定：according to Marriage Lawprovisions更改：alter更换：replacement工矿产品合同试行条例：The Trial Implementing Regulations on Contracts of Industrial and Mineral Product工矿区：industrial and mining district工农联盟：Alliance of Workers and Peasants工商统一税：unified industrial-commercial tax工业成本利润率：profit-to-cost ratio工业增加值：industrial value added工作场所：work place公安：Public Security Officers公安部：Ministry of Public Security公安部法规局：The Bureau of Policies and Regulations of the Ministry of Public Security公安处：Public Security Office公安机关：Public Security Organs公安机关行政处罚决定：Public Security Penalty Decision公安局：Public Security Bureau公安派出所：local police station公安人员：Public Security Officers公共开支：public expenditure公共性：public character公共帐目的审计制度：system for auditing publicaccounts公共政策：public policy公共政策的原则：principle of public policy公共秩序：public order公共主管当局：competent authority公积金：public accumulation funds公检法：public security organs, procuratorial organsand people's courts公检法机关：organs of the public security, theprocuracy and the court公开：disclose公开聆讯方式：public hearing公开审理：public hearing公开市场操作：open market operations公款私存：deposit public funds in personal accounts公民：citizen公民劳动义务：civic duty to work公平：fair公社：commune公司：enterprise公司存在期限：duration of company公司章程：Articles of Association公诉：public prosecution公诉机关：public prosecution organ公诉人：public prosecutor公诉书：bill of indictment公务人员：public official公用事业：public utilities公有经济：the state-owned sector公有制：public ownership system公有制：public ownership公约国：Convention country公约证明书：Convention certificates公证承付：notarial act of honour公证会计师办事处：Notarial Accountants' Office 公证机关：notary public公证人：public notary公证证明：notarial certification公职：public office公众假期：public holiday公众假日：public holiday公众利益：public advantage供大于求：supply exceeding demand供认：confession供述：confession供销合作社：supply and marketing co-operative共负盈亏：share profits and losses共谋：collude共青团中央：The Central Committee of theCommunist Young League共识政府：Government by consensus共同被告人：co-defendant共同财产：common property共同犯罪：joint offence共同纲领：common programme共同权利：a joint right共同实施违法行为：jointly committed the offence共同误解：common mistake共同原告：co-plaintiff共同债务：joint debts共享软件：shareware勾结：collude构成要件：constitutive requirements估计：assess股东大会：stock-holder meeting股份合作企业：joint-equity cooperative enterprises股份有限公司：stock limited company股份制企业：joint-equity enterprises股份制银行：joint-equity banks鼓励措施：incentives固定资产：fixed capital固定资产贷款：fixed asset loans故意：intention故意的动机：intentional motive故意破坏公私财物罪：crime of intentionallysabotaging public or private property故意杀人罪：crime of intentional homicide故意伤害：intentional injury故意伤害致人死亡：intentional infliction of bodilyinjury resulting in a person's death故意伤害致死罪：crime of intentionally injuring another which resulted in death故意伤害罪：crime of intentional injury故意投毒：spreading poison with intent雇佣合同：employment contract寡妇：widow挂靠：be subordinate to挂牌公司：company-in-name拐卖人口罪：crime of abducting and trafficking human beings关键：pivotal issue关税壁垒：customs barrier关税减免：tariff reduction and exemption关税减让：tariff concessions关税优惠：tariff incentives; preferential tariff treatment关系恶化：worsening of relations关系过远：remote关押：custody关员级人员：customs officer官僚主义：bureaucracy官职：public office管卡压：interference, obstruction and oppression管理办法：Administrative Measures管辖范围：scope of jurisdiction管辖权：jurisdiction管有令状：writ of possession管制：control管制：public surveillance管制：regulate贯彻执行：executed in fact广东省：Guangdong Province广西壮族自治区：Guangxi Zhuang NationalityAutonomous Region归还：restitution规范：regulate规范行为：regularize behavior规模效益：economies of scale规则：rule规章：directive桂林市：Guilin Municipality锅炉压力容器检验所：Inspection Institution forBoiler Pressing Containers国防部：Ministry of National Defense国防科学技术工业委员会：National DefenseScientific Technological Industry国计民生：national interest and people's livelihood国际分工：international division of labor国际供应合同：international supply contract国际惯例：international common practice国际惯例：international practice国际海事卫星组织公约：Convention on theInternational Maritime Satellite Organization国际收支：balance of payments国际私法：private international law国际运输：international transport国家安全局：The State Administration of National Security国家版权局：State Copyright Bureau国家保密局：State Bureau of Protection of Confidential Documents国家编制委员会：State Organization Commission国家标准局：State Standard Bureau国家测绘局：State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping国家城市建设总局：State City Construction General Bureau国家出版局：State Publication Bureau国家出入境检验检疫局：The State Administration for Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine国家档案局：State Archives Bureau国家地震局：State Seismology Bureau国家电力公司：State Electric Power Corporation国家对个人其他支出：other government outlays toindividuals国家发展计划委员会：State Development &Planning Commission国家防汛总指挥郭办公室：State Flood PreventionGeneral Command Office国家房管局：State Housing Management Bureau国家纺织工业局：State Administration on TextileIndustry国家纺织工业局：State Textile Industry Bureau国家风险：country risk国家工商行政管理局：State Administration forIndustry and Commerce国家公诉人：State Prosecutor国家广播电影电视总局：The State BroadcastingFilm and Television Administration国家国防动员委员会：National DefenseMobilization Commission国家国内贸易局：State Administration for DomesticTrade国家国有资产管理局：State State-ouned AssetsAdministration Bureau国家海洋局：State Oceanic Administration国家核安全局：State Nuclear Safety Bureau国家环境保护总局：State Environment ProtectionAdministration国家黄金管理局：State Gold Administration Bureau国家机关人民防空办公室：State Organ People AirDefence Office国家机械工业局：State Administration of MachineryIndustry国家基本建设委员会：State InfrastructureCommission国家计划生育委员会：State Family PlanningCommission国家计划委员会：State Planning Commission国家计量局：State Metrological Bureau国家建筑材料工业局：State Construction MaterialsIndustry Administration国家教育委员会：State Education Commission国家结构：state structure国家进出口管理委员会：State Import & Export Regulatory Commission国家进出口银行：State Import & Export Bank国家禁毒委员会：National Ban Brugs Commission国家经济贸易委员会：State Economy & Trade Commission国家经济体制改革委员会：State Commission for Restructuring Economy国家经济委员会：State Economy Commission国家开发银行：State Development Bank国家开发银行办公厅：General Office of State Development Bank国家科委自然科学奖励委员会：State Science Commission国家科学发明评选委员会：State Science Commission Invent Selection Commission国家科学技术委员会：State Scientific and Technological Commission国家劳动总局：State Labour Bureau国家粮食储备局：State Grain Reserves Bureau国家林业局：State Bureau of Forestry国家旅游局：State Bureau of Tourism国家煤炭工业局：State Coal Industry Administration国家密码管理委员会办公室：State Secret codeRegulatory Commission Office国家民族事务委员会：State National AffairsCommission国家南极考察委员会：National South PoleInvestigation Commission国家能源投资公司：State Energy ResourcesInvestment Corporation国家能源委员会：State Energy ResourcesCommission国家农业委员会：State Agriculture Commission国家农业综合开发办公室：State AgricultureComprehensive Development Office国家破产储量管理局：State Minerals ReservesAdministration Bureau国家器具：state apparatus国家轻工业局：State Light Industry Administration国家轻工业局：State Light Industry Bureau国家人防委员会：State People's Air DefenseCommission国家人事局：State Personnel Bureau国家商标局：State Trademark Bureau国家商检局：State Commodity Inspection Bureau国家石油和化学工业局：State Petroleum andChemical Industry国家水产总局：State Aquatic Product GeneralBureau国家税务局：National Taxation Head Office国家税务总局：State Administration on Taxation国家所有权：state ownership国家体育运动委员会：State Physical Culture andSports Commission国家体育总局：State Administration of Sports国家统计局：State Statistics Bureau国家土地：State owned land国家土地管理局：China Land Administration Bureau国家外国专家局：State Foreign Expert Bureau国家外汇管理局：State Foreign Exchange Administration Bureau国家文物局：State Cultural Relic Bureau国家无线电管理委员会：State Radio Regulatory Commission国家物价局：State Price Control Bureau国家物资局：State Commodities Bureau国家新闻出版署：National News Publication Bureau (National Copyright Bureau)国家行政区域划分：demarcation of national administrative zones国家行政学院：Chinese Academy of Engineering Sciences国家烟草专卖局：State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家药品监督管理局：State Drug Administration国家冶金工业局：State Metallurgical Industry Bureau国家邮政局：State Post Office Bureau国家有色金属工业局：State Non-Ferrous MetalIndustry Bureau国家语言文字工作委员会：State Lanuage AffairsCommission国家知识产权局：State Intellectual Property Bureau国家制度：state system国家质量技术监督局：State Bureau of QualityTechnical Supervision国家中医药管理局：State Chinese MedicineAdministration Bureau国家主席：President of the State国家自然科学基金委员会：State Natural ScienceFunds Commission国家宗教事务局：State Bureau of Religious Affairs国库券：treasury bills国民政府：National Government国体：polity国土资源部：Ministry of Natural Resources国务院：State Council国务院：Safety manufacture Commission of the StateCouncil国务院办公厅：General Office of the State Council国务院参事室：Counsellor Office of the StateCouncil国务院出版事业管理局：Publication CauseAdministration Bureau of the Council国务院电子振兴领导小组办公室：ElectronicRejuvenation Leading Group Office of the State Council国务院发展研究中心：The State DevelopmentResearch Center国务院法制办：Legal Affairs Office of the StateCouncil国务院法制局：Bureau of the Legislative Affairsunder the State Council国务院扶贫开发办：Aid-the-Poor DevelopmentOffice of the State Council国务院港澳办：Hong Kong and Macao Office of theState Council国务院工资制度改革小组：Salary Reform Group ofthe State Council国务院关税税则委员会：Customs tariff Commission of the State Council国务院环境保护领导小组：Environment Protection Leading Group of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局：Bureau of Institutional Affairs of the State Council国务院计划生育领导小组：Family Planning Leading Group of the State Council国务院减轻企业负担部际联席会议：Lighten the Burden on the CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY国务院经法规研究中心：Research Centre for Economic Legislation Under the State Council国务院经济法规研究中心：Economic Law Research Center of the State Council国务院经济贸易办公室：Economic and Trade Office of the State Council国务院纠正行业不正之风办公室：Correcting Industrial Illegitimate Practice Office of the State Council国务院军队转业干部安置工作小组：Demobilized Army Cadre Emplacement Leading Group of the State Council国务院科技干部局：Science and Technology CadreBureau of the State Council国务院科技教育领导小组办公室：Science andTechnology Education Leading Group Office of the StateCouncil国务院口岸领导小组：Port Leading Group of theState Council国务院农村发展研究中心：Rural DevelopmentResearch Center of the State Council国务院贫困地区经济开发领导小组：ImpoverishedArea Economic Development Leading Group of the StateCouncil国务院企业管理委员会：Enterprise RegulatoryCommission of the State Council国务院侨务办公室：Oversea Chinese Affairs Officeof the State Council国务院清产核资领导小组：Liquidition and AssetsCheck Group of the State Council国务院清产核资领导小组办公室：LiquidationAssets Check Leading Group Office of the State Council国务院清理固定资产投资项目领导小组：Liquidition Fixed Asset Investment Projects LeadingGroup of the State Council国务院清理三角债导小组：Clearing "Chain Debts"Leading Group of the State Council国务院三峡工程建设委员会：Three Gorges ProjectConstruction Commission of the State Council国务院三线建设调整改造规划办公室：San XianConstruction Adjustment Reorganization Planning Officeof the State Council国务院生产办公室：Manufacture Office of the StateCouncil国务院水土保持委员会：Water Soil ConservationCommission of the State Council国务院税收财务物价大检查办公室)：TaxationAccounting Commodity Price Examination Office of theState Council国务院台湾事务办公室：Taiwan Affairs Office ofthe State Council国务院特区办公室：Special Zone Office of the StateCouncil国务院体制改革办公室：System Reform Office ofthe State Council国务院统一着装管理委员会：Uniform RegulatoryCommission of the State Council国务院退伍军人和军队离退休干部安置领导小组：Demobilized Soldier and Army Retired CadreEmplacement Leading Group of the State Council国务院外事办：Foreign Affairs Bureau of the State Council国务院稀土领导小组：Rare-Earth Leading Group of the State Council国务院新闻办公室：News Office of the State Council国务院信息化工作领导小组：Information Work Leading Group of the State Council国务院学位委员会：Academic Degree Commission of the State Council国务院证券委员会：Securities Commission of the State Council国务院知青办：Intellectual Young People Office of the State Council国务院知识产权办公会议办公室：Intellectual Property Working Meeting Office of the State Council国务院住房制度改革领导小组：Housing System Reform Leading Group of the State Council国有独资商业银行：wholly state-owned commercial banks国有股：state-owned shares国有股减持：reduce state's stake in listed companies国有经济：the state-owned sector国有企业：state-owned enterprises国有制：state-ownership国有资产流失：erosion of state assets国债回购：government securities repurchase国债投资：treasury bond investment国债一级自营商：primary underwriters ofgovernment securities国债专项资金：special fund for treasury bond过度竞争：excessive competition过度膨胀：excessive expansion过热迹象：signs of overheating哈尔滨市：Harbin Municipality海关法：customs law海关税：customs duties海关总署：General Customs Administration海军司令部：Commander Department of the Navy海事法院：admiralty court海洋公约：the Hague Convention含糊：ambiguity邯郸市：Handan Municipality汉族：Han people合并：merger合法：lawful合法的：legitimate合法的房屋所有权：legitimate land ownership right合法继承人：lawful successor合法权益：lawful benefit合法权益：lawful right合法收入：legitimate income合法受让人：lawful assignee合法性：legality。

浅析词汇空缺及其翻译词汇空缺（lexical gap）是指一种现象，即某一种语言中缺乏表达特定概念或情感的词汇。

词汇空缺的存在对于翻译者来说是一个挑战，因为在进行跨文化沟通时可能需要寻找替代词汇或使用更为抽象的表达方式来传达原文中的意思。

在本文中，我们将浅析词汇空缺及其翻译，探讨其在跨文化交流中的影响以及应对策略。

一、词汇空缺的原因词汇空缺的存在可能是由于文化差异、社会环境、历史背景、地理条件等多种因素造成的。

一些特定的动物、植物、食物、传统习俗等在不同文化中可能有着不同的命名和概念，因此在进行翻译时可能会出现词汇空缺的情况。

一些特定的情感、心理状态、道德观念等也有可能在不同语言中缺乏对应的词汇，因此在跨文化交流中可能会出现理解上的困难。

词汇空缺的存在可能会对跨文化交流产生一系列的影响。

词汇空缺可能导致原文中的意思无法准确表达，在翻译过程中可能需要使用更为抽象的表达方式，这可能会导致信息的丢失或传达不到位。

词汇空缺可能会导致翻译者在翻译过程中陷入困境，需要花费更多的精力和时间来寻找合适的表达方式。

词汇空缺也可能会导致翻译的结果缺乏一定的文化特色，无法真实地反映原文中所蕴含的文化内涵和情感色彩。

三、应对策略在面对词汇空缺的情况下，翻译者可以采取一些应对策略来尽量减少词汇空缺带来的影响。

翻译者可以尝试使用更为抽象的词汇或表达方式来替代原文中的词汇空缺，以尽量准确地传达原文中的意思。

翻译者还可以借助相似的词汇或表达方式来进行补充或替代，以尽量减少翻译过程中的困难。

翻译者还可以通过对文化背景、历史背景等方面的深入了解，来寻找更为贴切的词汇或表达方式来进行翻译。

词汇空缺是在跨文化交流中常见的现象，其存在对于翻译者来说是一个挑战。

通过采取一些应对策略，翻译者可以尽量减少词汇空缺带来的影响，以实现翻译的准确和贴切。

希望本文的浅析能对读者有所启发，让大家在进行跨文化交流和翻译时更加注重词汇空缺的存在及其影响。

法律英语词汇的特点及翻译中的词汇空缺班级：2013213101姓名：吴桐摘要：随着全球化进程的发展，国际交往日益频繁。

法律翻译在人们生活中发挥着越来越大的影响和作用。

本文阐述了法律英语词汇的几大特点以及剖析了法律英语翻译过程中词汇空缺现象产生的原因。

最后，作者还对法律翻译提出了建议。

关键字：法律英语，词汇空缺，法律翻译Abstract: Globalization makes the international communicationmuch more frequent. Legal terms translation becomes more and more important.In view of the special influence and functions oflaw and legal translation, this article sets forth several important characteristics of legal terms, and analyses the reason of lexical gap phenomenon occurring in the legal terms translation process. In the end, the authoralso offers a proposal about legal translation.Key words: legal English, lexical gap, legal terms translation法律英语，在英语国家中被称为Legal Language或Language of the Law, 即法律语言。

法律英语不同于普通英语，法律英语的翻译鉴于其专业性、严谨性、特殊性，相比于普通英语的翻译，其翻译原则要更多并更加严谨。

在法律英语的学习中，法律英语词汇是一大关键。

英语法律术语的翻译 作为律师，接触的原因比较多，下面yjbys小编为大家准备了一些英语法律术语的翻译，欢迎阅读。

1.contract，现在多译为“合同”，我以为不分场合、不分情况一律译为“合同”是不妥的。

因为我们中国人看见“合同”一词就想到一个书面的、写成一条一条的文件，可是contract一词的含义范围却要广泛得多。

contract不限于书面的文件，口头上也可订contract，打电话也可以订contract，甚至于不说话也能订contract，例如在报摊上付钱买份晚报或买票搭乘公共汽车。

contract就是有法律约束力的协议，只有较重要的contract才采取书面形式。

所以一般的、泛指的contract应当译“契约”，例如law of contract应当译“契约法”，较重要的、书面的contract 才译“合同”，例如contract for the international sale of goods可以译“国际售货合同”。

2.intellectual property，不知道当初为何译成“知识产权”，以后竟然以讹传讹广泛沿用至今，而且订入法律，实在可叹!这个词组不论按字面上译、按含义译都不能译“知识产权”。

intellectual一词根本没有“知识”的意思，它与“知识”是两个不同的概念。

作为名词intellectual指“知识分子”，但是在intellectual property词组中intellectual显然是形容词而不是名词，何况“知识分子”与“知识”并不能划等号，即使退一万步对号入座地硬译，也只能译“知识分子产权”而不能译“知识产权”。

当然，译“知识分子产权”也是错的。

从含义上看，何谓intellectual property?它是指对于智力劳动所创造的智力产品或智力成果的权利，主要包括原创、专利权、商标权等，所以应该译为“智力产权”。

我们的前辈严复曾说，“一名之立，旬月踟蹰”，我们今天对待译名何等需要那样的认真精神啊!译名宜慎重，不要随便译，使用现有的译名也该慎重，。

浅析词汇空缺及其翻译词汇空缺是指某一种语言或方言中没有对应的词汇来表达特定的意义或概念。

在跨文化交流和翻译中，词汇空缺是一个常见的问题，需要通过合适的方式进行翻译和表达。

本文将对词汇空缺及其翻译进行浅析，并探讨应对词汇空缺的方法和技巧。

一、词汇空缺的概念词汇空缺是指某一种语言或方言中没有对应的词汇来表达特定的意义或概念。

这种情况可能出现在某些具有独特文化、习俗或传统的语言中，也可能出现在不同语言之间的交流中。

词汇空缺反映了语言和文化之间的差异，也是跨文化交流和翻译中常见的难题之一。

词汇空缺通常是由于不同文化背景、历史传统、社会环境等因素所致。

某些特定的概念、行为方式或事物在不同的文化中可能具有不同的含义和价值，因此在翻译和交流中就会出现词汇空缺的情况。

在翻译中，遇到词汇空缺时，需要通过合适的方式进行翻译和表达。

以下是一些常见的处理方法和技巧：1. 直译法直译法是最基本的翻译方法，即将源语言中的词汇直接翻译成目标语言中最接近的词汇或表达方式。

这种方法可以保持原文的原汁原味，但在面对词汇空缺时可能会导致意义不清晰或表达不准确的情况。

2. 解释法解释法是指在翻译中通过解释或注释的方式来表达原文中的词汇空缺。

这种方法可以通过对内容进行解释或补充，使得读者能够更好地理解和消化原文中的信息，但在一定程度上也会增加翻译的长度和难度。

3. 转换法转换法是指在翻译中通过转换语言结构或传达方式来解决词汇空缺的问题。

通过调整句子结构、改变表达方式或者引入类似的概念来实现对原文的翻译。

这种方法可以更好地适应目标语言的语言习惯和表达方式，但需要翻译者具备较高的语言功底和创造力。

三、应对词汇空缺的方法和技巧1. 充分理解原文的含义和背景在翻译中需要以源语言和文化为基础，充分理解原文的含义和背景。

通过深入了解原文中所涉及的文化、习俗和传统，可以更好地把握原文的内涵和情感，有助于解决词汇空缺的问题。

2. 注重目标语言的表达方式和习惯3. 灵活运用各种翻译技巧在处理词汇空缺时，翻译者需要灵活运用各种翻译技巧，包括直译法、解释法、转换法和借译法等。

词汇空缺及翻译鞍山师范学院外语系李红梅摘要：当一种语言有的词在另一种语言中找不到对等的词时，就出现了词汇空缺。

本文从生活经验、世界观、语言文化三方面分析词汇空缺产生的原因，借以提高翻译质量。

关键词：词汇空缺世界观双关语Lexical Gap and TranslationAbstract: There are sometimes no equivalents in different languages. That’s what we call lexical gap. The thesis aims at improving translation by finding out the reasons through the analysis of living experience, outlook on world and language and culture.Key words: lexical gap outlook on world pun不同的民族有不同的语言,但因为人相互之间存在着大同，语言之间存在着共性，不同的语言是可以相互移译的。

然而由于各民族在地域、环境、习俗、文化、宗教、社会制度、经济条件等方面的差别和其语言在结构特点、表达方式上的不同，一种语言有的词在另一种语言中也许找不到对等的词。

我们把这种情况称为“词汇空缺”（lexical gap）①。

语言之间的词汇空缺是一种自然现象，它可概括为三大类②：1．由于生活经验的差异而引起的词汇空缺人们生活在什么样的环境里，就会产生什么样的语言。

如果一事物在人们所生活的环境里不存在，那么在语言中就可能出现空缺。

比如“饺子”是中国的名吃。

英语中虽然也有表示类似于“饺子”的词，如“dumpling”和“ravioli”,但却分别指“汤圆”和“有馅的小包子”，它们与饺子不尽相同。

用这两个词来译“饺子”，显然是不准确的，但大概也是不得已而为之。

法律词汇英汉对照案件 case案件发回 remand/rimit a case (to a low court)案件名称 title of a case案卷材料 materials in the case案情陈述书 statement of case案外人 person other than involved in the case案值 total value involved in the case败诉方 losing party办案人员 personnel handling a case保全措施申请书 application for protective measures 报案 report a case (to security authorities)被告 defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述 final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩 rejoinder被害人 victim被害人的诉讼代理人 victim's agent ad litem被上诉人 respondent; the appellee被申请人 respondent被申请执行人 party against whom execution is filed被执行人 person subject to enforcement本诉 principal action必要共同诉讼人 party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖 jurisdiction by accord辩护 defense辩护律师 defense attorney/lawyer辩护人 defender辩护证据 exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段 stage of court debate驳回反诉 dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求 deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判 reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling驳回诉讼 dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书 notice of dismissal驳回自诉 dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书 ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩 supplementary answer补充判决 supplementary judgement补充侦查 supplementary investigation不公开审理 trial in camera不立案决定书 written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书 written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉 nol pros。

draft 法案,草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 发布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止,取消rescission, annulment 废除,取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律)cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗言)repeal rescission 撤消(裁决)revocation 撤消immunity 宽免,宽免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 适应法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 高作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利,公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税法律英语辞汇2021-12-20 20:59:34| 分类：阅读8 评论0 字号：大中小定阅管辖：jurisdiction级别管辖：jurisdiction by level地域管辖：territorial jurisdiction移送管辖：referral jurisdiction指定管辖：designation jurisdiction审判组织: trial organization回避 withdrawal诉讼参加人 participants in court诉讼当事人 parties in court诉讼代理人 agents ad litem期间：time periods送达 service调解 conciliation财产保全 property preservation先予执行preliminary execution阻碍民事诉讼的强制方法：compulsory measures against impairment of civil actions 诉讼费：litigation costs第一审一般程序 ordinary procedure of first instance第二审程序 procedure of second instance起诉 bring a lawsuit受理 accept a case开庭审理 trial in court诉讼中止 suspension of a lawsuit诉讼终止 conclusion of a lawsuit裁决 judgment裁定 order简易程序 summary procedure专门程序 special procedure选民资格案件 cases concerning certificates of voters宣告失踪 proclamation of a person as missing宣告死亡 proclamation of a person as dead无民事行为能力 incompetent for civil conduct限制行为能力 limited capacity for civil conduct无主财产 property of ownerless执行申请 application for execution执行移转 referral of execution仲裁 arbitration司法协助 judicial assistanceAabsolute proof 绝对证明absolute property 绝对财产〔权〕abstract of title 产权书摘要acceleration clause 提早〔归还〕条款acceptance 许诺accident report 事故报告accident insurance 意外保险accusation 指控；控诉accusatorial procedure 控诉程序accusatorial process of proof 控诉证明进程〔程序〕accusatorial system 控诉或诉讼程序accused 被指控者accuser 控诉人acknowledgement 认知(书)acquittal 无罪裁决act 条例；作为Act for the prevention of Frauds and Perjuries ?预防诈欺和伪证条例?action 诉讼；作为actual losses 实际损失adjudication 裁决；裁定administrative law 行政法administrative law judge 行政法法官administrative procedure 行政程序administrator 治理人；监管人admissible 可采的admissibility 可采性admit 采纳；许诺adoption 收养adulterous conduct 通奸行为ad valorem property tax 从价财产税adversarial hearing 对抗式听证会adversarial process 对抗式程序adversary 对手adversary trial system 对抗式〔或抗辩〕审判制度advocacy 出庭辩护；诉讼代理advocate 辩护人；诉讼代理人affidavit 正式书面陈述affirm 维持〔原判〕affirmation 保证书；证词affirmative 确保的agency 〔行政〕机关agency action 机关〔行政〕机关agreed upon remedies 补救协议agreement 协议agreement-as-written 书面协议agreement -in-fact 事实协议alibi 阿里白〔不在犯法场的证明〕alienation of affection 离间夫妻关系allegation 宣称；指控allege 诉称；指控alleged offense 所控罪行alternate juror 替补陪审员amendment 修正案American Bar Association 美国律师协会American Law Institute 美国法学会analogy 类推Anglo-American Legal System 英美法系anonymous accusation 匿名控诉appeal 上诉appear 出庭appellant 上诉人appellate action 上诉行为appellate court 上诉法院appellee 被上诉人appealer 上诉人appropriate 拨款appurtenant 附属物arbiter 仲裁员arbitrary武断的arbitration仲裁arraignment初审array 陪审员名单arrest 批捕arrest warrant 批捕令〔证〕arrestee 被捕人article 条款，文章article of authority 授权条款articles of confederation ?联帮条例?articles of incorporation 公司组织章程artificial person 法人Asian American legal defense and education fund亚裔美国人法律辩护与教育基金会assault 用意或要挟损害assert 主张，宣称asset 资产assistant attorney 助理法官associate judge 副法官associate justice 副大法官assumption 违约合同，违约补偿之诉assumption 假定attempt 用意，企图attempted escape 逃脱未遂attestation 证词attorney 代理人，律师attorney at law 律师attorney general 检察长authentication 鉴定authority 权利，法源，权威性依据automobile insurance 机动车保险automobile tort 机动车侵权行为autonomy 自治〔权〕Bban 禁令，制止banishment 流放bankruptcy 破产bankruptcy discharge 破产债务解除bankruptcy judge 破产法官bar 律师职业bar association 律师协会barrister 出庭律师battery 殴打bench trial 法官审beneficiary 受益人benefit 收益，福得bigamy 重婚罪bill of lading 提单bill of right ?人权法案?bind over 具保，具结binder 临时保险单binding 有约束力binding contract 有约束力的合同binding force 约束力binding interpretation 有约束力的说明black-letter law 〔一般经受之全然原那么的〕黑体字法black nation bar association 全美黑人律师协会blue sky law 蓝天法〔关于股票生意操纵的法律〕Board of Governors〔ABA〕〔美国律师协会的〕董事会body of law 法体bond 债券；保释金bond instrument 债券契据branding 鞭笞breach 违约；破坏bride 行贿bribery 行贿〔罪〕bright-line test 明显界限查验标准broker 中间人brokerage fee 佣金；中介费brother-sister corporation 兄弟公司；姊妹公司Bulk Sales Act?大宗销售条例?burden 责任burden of going forward with the evidence 先行举证责任burden of persuasion 说服责任；证明责任burden of producing evidence 举证责任burden of proof 证明责任burglary入室盗窃〔罪〕business corporation实业公司business law 实业法business organization 实业组织buy-out agreement〔股权〕承买协议buy-sell agreement〔股权〕生意协议bylaws〔内部〕章程CCalifornia Penal Code?加州刑法典?capital account 资本帐户capital crime 可判死刑罪capital punishment 死刑capital surplus 资本盈余capitation tax 人头税career criminal 职业罪犯career judiciary 职业法官case briefing 案情摘要case-in-chief 主诉case law 判例法case method 案例教学法case report 裁决报告case reports 判例汇编casualty insurance 〔意外损害〕保险catalog 商品目录〔单〕certificate 证书certificate of existence 实体存在证明〔书〕challenge 置疑；挑战challenge for cause有理回避chancery court 衡平法院charging instrument 控诉文件checks and balances 制衡〔原那么〕chief judge 首席法官chief justice 首席大法官child abuse 虐待儿童circuit court 巡回法院circuit judge 巡回法官circumstantial evidence 旁证；情形证据citation 引证cite 援引；传讯civil court 民事法civil forfeiture 民事罚没civil law 民法Civil Law Legal System 民法体系civil liability 民事责任civil Liberty 民事自由civil Litigation民事诉讼civil procedure 民事诉讼程序civil suit民事诉讼Civil trial 民事审判法律英语辞汇〔2〕2021-12-20 21:02:17| 分类：阅读10 评论0 字号：大中小定阅Civil right 民权Civil right law 民权法Civil War Income Tax Act ?内战所得税条例?Claim 诉讼请求，索赔Classification of law 法律分类Close corporation内部持股公司Closely held corporation 内部持股公司Closing 终结，成交，结帐Closing argument 最后论述Closing statement成交声明Code 法典Code of Judicial Conduct ?法官行为准那么?Codify 编成法典Co-felon 一起重罪犯Cohabitation 同居Collateral contract 附属合同Collegiate bench 合议席Collegiate panel 合议庭Commercial clause 商务条款，贸易条款Commercial law 商法Commercial paper 商务文件Commission佣金Commit 交托，犯〔罪〕Commitment 犯法，许诺，委托Commitment of financing 融资许诺Common law 一般法Common law damages 一般法补偿金Common law legal system(family) 一般法法系Common law marriage 一般法婚姻Common property 一起财产Common stock 一般股票Community property 一起财产Comparative law 比拟法Comparative negligence 比拟过失Compensation 补偿〔金〕Compensatory damage 应予补偿之损害Competence 管辖权限Competency 有效性Complaint 控诉，申述Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act ?滥用毒品的综合预防与操纵条例? Compulsory license 强制性许可Concur附条件地同意Concurring opinion 并存〔裁决〕意见Confer 授与Conference 协商会议Confidential information 保密信息Confiscation 没收Conflict law 冲突法Congress 国会Consent 同意，认可Consideration 对价，约因Constitution 宪法Constitutional Convention 制宪会议Constitutional law 宪法Constitutional tort 宪法性侵权Constitutionality 合宪性Construction 〔法律的〕构造，说明Construe 说明，分析Consultation 磋商Consumer protection statute 消费者爱惜法律Consumption tax 消费税Continental Law Legal System(or Family) 大陆法系Contingent fee 胜诉酬金Continuance 诉讼延期Contract 合同Contract dispute 合同纠纷Contract formation 合同组成Contract interpretation 合同说明Contract law 合同法Contract performance 合同履行contractor 承包商contravence 触犯;违犯contributory negligence 一起过失controlling law 应适应之法律conversion 非法占有convey 转让conveyance 转让convertible bond 可转换债券conviction 有罪裁决convincing evidence 令人信服的证据copyright 版权;高作权corporal punishment肉体刑corporate camsel 公司法律参谋corporate excise tax 公司执照税corporate law 公司法corporation 公司corporation aggregate 合有公司corporation code 公司法典corporation law 公司法corporation sole 独有公司corpus 尸身;本金Council on legal Education Opportunities 法律教育机会委员会counselor (法律)参谋;律师counselor-at-law 律师court 法院;法官court decision 法院裁决court fee 诉讼费court of appeals 上诉法院court of chancery 衡平法法院court of claims 索赔法院court of customs and Patent Appeals 关税及专利上诉法院court of domestic relations 家庭关系法院court opinion 法院裁决意见courtroom 法庭coverage 保险范围crime 犯法crime code 刑法典crime homicide 有罪杀人crime justice system 刑事司法系统crime law 刑法crime liability 刑事责任crime procedure 刑事诉讼程序cross-examination 穿插查问;盘诘cruel and unusual punishment 残忍和超级的刑罚cumulative evidence 累计证据curative 临时监护的curriculum guide 课程指南custody 监护custom duty 关税customary law 适应法customary practice 老例customs court 关税法院Ddamage 损害;损伤damage claim 损害补偿请求damages 损害补偿金deadlocked jury 僵局陪审团death penalty 死刑death tax 遗产税debenture 债单(券)debt securities 债权证券decide a case 判案deed 契约deed book 文契汇编defamation 诽谤default 不履行;违约defendant 被告人defence 辩护defence attorney 辩护律师defense's case-in-chief 辩护方主讼deficiency judgment 缺乏额裁决degrees of murder (歹意)杀人罪的品级delegation 授权delegated legislation 授权立法deliberate intention 故意deliberation (陪审团)评议demonstrative evidence 示意证据deprivation 剥夺derogatory treatment of the work 对作品的贬毁性处置(或利用) designs 设计detract 毁损;贬低developer (土地)开发商dicta 裁决附带意见dignity 尊严direct evidence 直接证据direct examination 直接查问direct tax 直接税disa bility insurance 残疾保险disabled dependent child 无谋生能力的残疾儿童discharge 辞退;释放discount 贴现;折扣discovery 要求告知discrete risk transfer product 离散性风险转移(保险)产品discretion 自由裁量权discriminatory 歧视性税收dispense 执行;实施dispute 争议;纠纷disposition 处置(权)dissent 异议;反对dissenting opinion 异议;反对意见dissolution 解散distort 歪曲;误解district attorney 地域检查官database right 数据权dividend 股息division of title 产权分割divorce 离婚docket 备审案件目录doctrine 法那么;原那么doctrine of constitutional supremacy 宪法至上原那么doctrine of Maranda Warnings 米兰达忠告原那么document 文件;文书document of title 产权证书domant Commerce Clause 休眠的"贸易条款"domicile 居处地double jeopardy 一罪二审draft 起草;起草draftman 起草者drug trade 毒品交易drug trafficking 毒品交易dry run 干转;排演due diligence 适当尽力due process 合法程序Due Process Clause 合法程序条款due process test 合法程序查验标准duration 期限duress 强迫;胁迫duty 义务;关税duty of care 照看义务法律英语辞汇〔3〕2021-12-20 21:03:22| 分类：阅读16 评论0 字号：大中小定阅earnest money 定金easyment 地役权ecclesiastical court 宗教法庭economic law 经济法effective date 生效日期effective time 生效时刻element of crime 犯法要素(件)empower 授权enact 制定;发布en banc 全部法官出庭审判encroachment 侵占encumbered property 抵押财产enforce 实施；执行enforceable 可强制执行的enforceability 可执行性enforcement of Law 执法English-American Legal System (or Family) 英吉利法系enjoin(衡平〕强制令entail 限定继承entity 实体environmental impact statement 环境阻碍报告environmental Law 环境爱惜法Environmental protection Agency(EPA) 环境爱惜局environmental quality 环境质量equal protection clause 平等爱惜条款equitable relief 衡平救济equity 衡平法equity Law 衡平法equity precedent 衡平法判例equity securities 产权证券；衡平证券error 过错escape 逃走；逃脱escrow 第三者保留合同essential justice 实质公正estate 财产；遗产estate tax 遗产税ＥＵDirective 欧盟指令evaluate 评判evict 逐出〔租户〕evidence 证据evidentiary presumption 证据推定evidentiary rule 证据规那么ex aequo at bono 公平且仁慈examine 检查；查问examination 检查；查问exception 例外exception clause 例外条款excise tax 执照税exclude 排除exclusive listing 读家上市exclusive right 排他性权利exclusive tax situs 唯一征税地址excusable homicide 可宽恕之杀人execute 执行；签属execution 执行executive acts 行政条例executive branch 行政部门executive order 行政命令executor (遗言〕执行人executor of estate 遗产执行人exemption 免去；宽免exhibit 展现物〔证〕exigent circumstance 紧急情形existing securities 上市证券exparte 单方面的expectation damages 预期补偿金expert 专家〔证人〕expert testimony 专家证言expert witness 专家证人express contract 明示合同express statutory provision 法律明文规定express warranty 明示保证〔保修〕ex rel 依据揭发face amount 脸颊face value 面植facilitate 促使：利于fact 事实fact in issue 争议事实factor 因素；代理商Factors Lien Act ?代理商留置权条例?Fair trial 公平审判false imprisonment 非法拘禁family law 家庭法fault 过错fault principle 过错原那么feasibility study 可行性研究Federal Administrative Procedure Act ?联邦行政程序? Federal Antitrust Law ?联邦犯托拉斯法?federal convention 联邦制宪会议federal crime of murder 联邦杀人罪Federal Housing Act ?联邦住房条例?Federal Income Tax Act ?联邦所得税条例?federal judge 联邦法官Federal rules of civil procedure ?联邦民事诉讼规那么?Federal rules of criminal procedure ?联邦刑事诉讼规那么? Federal rules of evidence ?联邦证据规那么?Federal securities act ?联邦证券条例?federal supremacy 联邦至上〔原那么〕Federal tort claims act ?联邦侵权索赔条例?felon 重罪犯felony 重罪felony-murder 重罪杀人fiduciary 受托人file 档案；注册file a petition 呈交诉状；提出请求fine 罚金fingerprint 手印fire insurance 火灾保险fire protection 消防first degree murder 一级谋杀first instance 一审fixture 〔不动产〕附属物flogging 烙印force of law 法律效劳forcible felony 暴力性重罪foreign exchange risk 外汇风险forfeiture 没收；罚没form contract 格式合同form of evidence 证据的形式formal adjudication 正式裁决formal rulemaking 正式规那么制定formation 组成；鉴定franchise tax 特许经营税fraud 诈欺free enterprise system 自由企业制度free movement of goods 自由物流，货物的自由流通freedom of choice 选择自由frustrate 使受挫折fundamental law 全然法fundamental right 全然权利法律英语辞汇〔4〕2021-12-20 21:04:29| 分类：阅读12 评论0 字号：大中小定阅general acceptance standard (科学证据的)公认标准general partnership 一样合股general property 一样财产〔权〕general provisions 总那么gerontocratic 老人统治的gift tax 赠予税government tort 政府侵权〔行为〕grant of power 授权gross negligence 严峻过失group insurance 集体保险guarantee 担保guardian 监护人guardianship 监护权guidelines for sentencing 量刑指南guilt 有罪guilty 有罪的guilty 有罪辩论Hhabitual offender 惯犯hail insurance 冰雹保险handcuff 手铐handwriting 笔迹health insurance 安康保险health regulation 卫生法规hearing 听证〔会〕hearing of jury 陪审团听审hearsay 传言证据heir 继承人hierarchy 品级制度high crime 重罪hold 认定；裁定holding 认定；裁定holding device 拥有手腕〔形式〕homicide 杀人〔罪〕homosexuality 同性恋house counsel 〔公司〕专职法律参谋husband-wife relationship 夫妻关系husband-wife tort 夫妻侵权〔行为〕IId. 同上identification 认定；确认身份；身份证ignore 无视；驳回illegal 非法的；违法的immaterial 无实质性的immigration law 移民法immovable property 不动产immunity 宽免〔权〕impair 损害；减弱impeachment 弹劾；质疑implementation 实施；执行implied contract 默许合同implied warranty 默许保证〔保修〕imprisonment 监禁imputable 可归罪于……的imputation 归罪in re 关于；案由in recess 休庭in rem 对物的〔诉讼〕in session 开庭inadmissible evidence 不可采证据incarceration 禁闭；监禁incest 乱伦income tax 所得税Income Tax Act ?所得税条例?income tax on corporations 公司所得税income tax on individuals 个人所得税incompetence 无行为能力；无法律资格incompetent 无行为能力的；无法律资格的incorporation 法人；公司；组成公司incorporator 公司开办人independent regulatory agency 独立规制机构indicative list 指导性名单indictment 起诉书indirect evidence 间接证据indirect tax 间接税individual choice 个人选择〔权〕individual freedom 个人自由individual omni competence 个人全权individual proprietorship 个体业主individual right 个人权利ineffective 失效的inequality 不平等infamous 罪恶的；丑恶的inference 推理;推论infliction 处分informal adjudication 非正式裁决informal rulemaking 非正式规那么制定information 信息; 控诉书infomer 线人;情报员initial ruling 初步裁定injunction 禁令;强制令injunctive relief 强制救济injure 损害injustice 不公正innocence 无罪innocent 无罪的;无罪者innocent owner defense 无过错所有人辩护inquiry 调查inquisitiorial system 纠问式诉讼制度insane 精神失常insanity defense 精神失常辩护inspection 检查;审查installment land vendor 分期付款的土地出售人installment plan agreement 分期付款购物协议instruction 指示instrument 文件insurable interest 可保利益insurable loss 可保损失insurance agent 保险代理商insurance binder 临时保单insurance broker 保险中间人insurance card 保险卡insurance coverage 保险范围insurance law 保险法insurance policy 保险单;险种insurance premium 保险费insurance proceeds 保险收益insurance product 保险工程insured 被保险人insurer 保险人intangible 无形的intangible damage 无形损害intangible property 无形财产intangible personal property 无形的人身财产(权)inter alia 除别的之外interfere 干与;侵犯interlocutory injunction 临时强制令;(诉讼)中间的强制令intermediate appellate court 中级上诉法院intermetional business 调解interrogation 国际商务intentional 故意的intentional tort 故意侵权行为interest 利息;权益;利益interest rate risk 利率风险interview 询问invalid 无效的;不合法的invalidate 使无效invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私权investigation 侦查;调查investment 投资investment portfolio risk 投资风险组合investment securities 投资证券irrelevancy 无相关性irrelevant 不相关的irrelevant evidence 无相关性证据irrevocable 不可撤销的irrevocable life insurance trust 不可撤销的人寿保险信托itinerant judge 巡回法官法律英语辞汇〔5〕2021-12-20 21:05:16| 分类：阅读19 评论0 字号：大中小定阅Jjoint tenancy 一起租借(权)joint venture 合伙企业joint venture corporation 合伙公司joint venture with Chinese and foreign investment中外合伙企业judge 法官judge-made law 法官立法judge's chamber 法官室judge's charge to jury法官对陪审团的指令judge's instruction to jury 法官对陪审团的指示judgment裁决，裁定judicial branch 司法部门judicial clerkship 法院书记员职位judicial decision 法官职位judicial district 司法区judicial interpretation 司法说明judicial notice 司法任职judicial opinion 法官裁决意见judicial review 司法审查judicial scrutiny 司法检查judicial subjectivity 审判主观性judicial system 法院系统judiciary 法官jurisdiction 司法管辖区jurisprudence 法理学juror 陪审员jury 陪审团jury charge 法官对陪审团的指令jury pool待选陪审员库jury selection 挑选陪审员jury trial陪审团制justice 公正，大法官justice of the peace 治安法官justifiable homicide 合法杀人juvenile court 未成年人法庭juvenile delinquency 未成年人违法行为ＫKey man assurance 关键人保险Key person insurance关键人保险Kickbacks 回扣Kill杀人Killer 杀人者Know-how 技术秘密，商业秘密Ｌland use law 土地利用法last clear chance doctrine 最后明显机会法那么law 法，法律law firm 律师事务所law merchant商业适应法law of evidence证据法law reform 法律改革lawsuit 诉讼，官司lawyer 律师lawyer in government 政府律师；官方律师lawyer in private practice 私人开业律师lawyerette 律师娘lawman 外行人lay witness 一般证人；非专家证人lease 租赁lease agreement 租赁协议legacy 遗产legacy tax 遗产税legal 合法的legal advice 法律咨询legal commentary 法律评论legal education 法律教育legal effect 法律教育legal enforcement 法律效劳legal English 法律英语legal family 法系legal history 法律史legal instrument 法律文件legal mechanism法律机制legal memorandum 法律备忘录legal methodology 法律方式论legal order 法律秩序legal problem 法律问题legal profession 法律职业legal protection 法律爱惜legal relationship 法律关系legal representative 法律代表legal safeguard 法律保障〔方法〕legal system 法律体系；法律制度legal theorist 法学理论家legal writing 法律文书写作legalese 法律涩语legality 法制legislation 立法legislative branch 立法部门legislative history 立法史legislature 立法机关legitimate 合法的levy 征收〔税〕liability 责任；债务liability insurance 责任保险liberty 自由license plate 〔车〕执照牌license tax 执照税lien 留置〔权〕life estate 终生财〔遗〕产life insurance 人寿保险limited partnership 有限合股liquidated damages 预定违约金liquidity risk 流动资金风险literary property 高作产权litigant 诉讼当事人litigation 诉讼；打官司livestock insurance 家畜保险loan 贷款lord chancellor (英国)大法官loss of rights 丧失权利Jurisprudence， History of Legal Systems and Constitution依照法律规定according to law依照确信的份额分享权利：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit依照确信的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教学法case system案例汇编case book； case report； law report柏拉图 Plato?爱惜人权与全然自由公约?〔1950〕 Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms， 1950 〔罗〕被视为be deemed as被宣布为非法be outlawed； be declared illegal比拟法comparative law比拟法学comparative jurisprudence比拟法学派school of comparative jurisprudence比拟法制史 comparative legal history比拟分析法method of comparative analysis比拟刑法comparative penal law比拟刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relationship边缘法学borderline jurisprudence变通方式adaptation； accommodation补充规定supplementary provision补救方式remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated； lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力 force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不作为abstain from an act； act of omission部门法department law部门规章regulation参照 consult参照具体情形 in the light of actual conditions 参照原文 consult the original查士丁尼法典 Code Justinian； Codex Justinianus 查士丁尼法规汇编 Authenticum超出法律范围的 outside of law超出法律权限的 extralegal超过权限 exceed authority； beyond jurisdiction 成文法 written law成文宪法written constitution冲突法 conflict of laws； rules of conflict冲突规那么 conflict rule； rule of conflict除〔本法〕还有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated 〔by this law〕除外条款 provisory clause除外责任条款 exclusion clause触犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益 go against the state's interests触犯人民利益 encroach on the interests of the people； go against the people's interests传统法律观念 traditional ideas of law纯粹法学 pure theory of law次要法规 by law次要规那么 secondary rule从宽说明原那么 doctrine of liberal construction从权利 accessory right抵达法定年龄 come of age大法 the fundamental law大法官Lord High Chancellor大法官法院Court of Chancery大陆法系Continental Legal System大律师barrister?大明律?Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty 〔中〕大陪审团 grand jury?大清律例?the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty 〔中〕?大宪章?〔1215〕 Great Charter， 1215〔英〕单行法规specific regulations单一法律体系unitary legal system单一制政府unitary government但书proviso今世法学动向current trend of jurisprudence固然说明 natural interpretation党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country道德标准norm of morality道德义务 moral obligation?德国民法典?German Civil code德拉古 Draco地址各级人民代表大会 local people's congresses at different levels 地址各级人民法院local people's courts at different levels地址各级人民检察院local people's procuratorates at different levels 地址各级人民政府local people's governments at different levels第二读second reading第三读 third reading二元论the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制 dual constitutional monarchy system二元论 the dualistic theory二元论者dualist二元制 bicameral system法的本质 the nature of law法的转变changes of law法的概念definition of law法的开展development of law法的分类 divisions of law法的概念concepts of law法的标准作用normalized usage of law法的继承succession of law法的精神 spirit of law法的可预测性foreseeability of law法的类型types of law法的类型的更替 the replacement of one historical mode of law by another法的渊源 historical origin of law法的持续性continuity of law法的内容contexts of law法的社会作用 social usage of law法的生效operation of law法的实现realization of law法的特点character of law法的现象legal phenomenon法的消亡 withering away of law法的形式渊源formal source of law法的要素elements of law法的渊源source of law法的职能function of law法的作用role of law法典code； statute book法典编纂 codification of codes法定成年人的年龄age of majority； legal age 法定程序legal procedure法定处分statutory penalty法定代理人： agent ad litem法定说明statutory interpretation法定量刑情节 legally prescribed circumstances of sentencing法定年龄 legal age； lawful age法定年龄限制 a statutory age limit法按期间 prescribed time法按期限 legal term法定权利 legal right； right entitled by law法定权限 limits of power prescribed by law法定人数 quorum法定日 appointed day法按时刻 appointed time法按时效 statutory prescription法定条件 legal condition法定限制 statutory restrictions法定效劳 statutory force法定刑 legally-prescribed punishment法定形式 legal form法定责任 statutory duty法定追溯期 time of legal memory法定最高刑 maximum statutory penalty； maximum statutory sentence法官 judge法官的自由裁量权 judge's power of discretion法官权利范围 extent of judge's power法官心证 judge's mental impression法官中立原那么 Nemo debt esse judex in propria causa法规编纂 condification of laws and regulations法规的说明 interpretation of statutes法规汇编 corpus of the laws and regulations?法国民法典?Code Civile de Francais 〔法〕法理 jurisprudence； principle of law法理学家 jurisprudent法律爱惜 legal protection法律编纂 codification法律标准 legal standards法律补救 legal redress法律部门 legal department法律草案 draft regulations法律方法 legal measures法律大全 Corpus legum法律的外乡化和改写 the localization and adaptiion of laws法律的地位 position of law法律的概念 definition of law法律的废止 abolishment of law法律的公共秩序论 public order theory of law法律的标准性 normalization of law法律的继承 succession of law法律的理想ideal of law法律的权威 authority of law法律的失效lapse of law法律的实施administration of law； law enforcement 法律的适用application of law法律的统一 unification of law法律的推定 presumption of law法律的推理 analogy of law法律的完整性 integrity of law法律的效劳范围 force's scale of law法律的效劳形式 force's form of law法律的修改alteration of law法律的演进 evolutin of law法律地位平等equal in legal status法律对人的效劳personal act of law编纂法律方式 legal methodology法律分类 classification of law法律给予权利 authority conferred by law法律改革 law reform法律概念 legal concept法律依照 legal basis法律工作者 legal professional法律关系legal relation法律关系的运行 process of legal relation法律关系客体 object of legal relation法律关系主体 subject of legal relation法律规定provisions of law法律标准 norm of law法律标准的逻辑构造 logical structure of legal rule 法律规那么体系 system of legal rules法律含义 intendment of law法律还有规定：otherwise stipulated by law法律现象legal phenomenon法律研究legal research法律要件 legal requirement法律依据 legal basis法律意见 legal advice法律意见书 legal opinion法律意识 law-consciousness法律意义 legal sense法律用语 legal language法律与正义先验论 a prior theory of law and justice 法律渊源 source of law法律本来注释 gloss法律原理 legal doctrines法律原那么 principle of legality法律援助legal aid法律约束 legal binding； legal restraint法律责任 legal responsibility法律责任的道义根底 moral basic of legal obligation 法律责任的归结 imputaton of legal responsibility法律责任的认定 determination of legal responsibility法律责任的执行 enforcement of legal responsibility法律责任客体 object of legal responsibility法律责任主体 subject of legal responsibility法律哲学 philosophy of law； philosophie du droit 〔法〕；philosophia juris 法律政策 policy of the law法律职业道德 legal ethics法律指导 legal counsel法律制裁 legal sanction法律制度 regime of law； legal system法律秩序 legal order法律主体资格 capacity as a subject of law法律主张 proposition of law法律属地原那么 territoriality of laws法律著述 legal literature法律专家 legal expert法律专业 legal profession法律专著和教科书 legal treati法律咨询 legal advice法律尊严 legal sanctity。

第6卷　第4期安徽理工大学学报(社会科学版)V o l.6　N o .42004年12月Jou rnal of A nhu i U n iversity of Science and T echno logy (Social Science )D ec .2004词汇空缺与英语法律术语的翻译戴拥军,张德让(安徽师范大学外国语学院,安徽　芜湖　241000)摘　要:词汇空缺现象是跨文化交流中常见的问题,它给跨文化交流带来障碍,给翻译造成麻烦。

本文从法律文化角度分析了英语法律术语汉译过程中词汇空缺现象产生的四个主要原因:法律传统,现实生活,社会制度和民族心理,并就英语法律术语的翻译提出具体原则与策略:尊重惯译、直译、直译加解释和解释翻译法。

最后,作者还就法律术语翻译的规范和统一问题提出建议。

关键词:词汇空缺;英语法律术语;原因;翻译中图分类号:H 03 文献标识码:A 文章编号:167221101(2004)0420077204收稿日期:2004—11—03作者简介:戴拥军(1971-),男,安徽南陵县人,在读硕士,研究方向:翻译理论与实践。

引言词汇空缺是指一种语言能用单个词语明确标记的东西,在另一种语言中没有可明确标记的单个词语,非要兜圈子才能表达出来。

比如在日常生活中,如果我们不知道七十年代初美国总统N ixon 制造的“水门事件”的史实,我们便无从了解W a 2tergate 的含义,对不了解中国国情的外国人来说,“离休”会让他们大惑不解,因为它是和中国民主革命紧密联系的一个词语。

看来,W atergate 和“离休”都是各自文化中特有的现象,在跨文化交流中便形成了词汇空缺现象,给交流和翻译带来了障碍和麻烦。

法律术语是法律语言中基本的也是重要的成分,它们不仅体现了法律语言的文体特征,也反映出某种法律文化中法律体系(体制)的典型特征。

因为法律文本特殊的社会功能和实用价值,“法律翻译除了要求语言功能的对等以外,还应照顾到法律功能(legal functi on )的对等。

法律术语英语词汇draft 法案,草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止,取消rescission, annulment 废除,取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免,豁免权〖第一范文网整理该文章，版权归原作者、原出处所有。

〗disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利,公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税action of debt 债务诉讼acquit 无罪adjourn 暂时停止执行administrative decision 行政判决结果ad damnum 主张一定数额的赔偿金adverse judgement 不利的判决affidavit 传票送达人所写的切结书affirm 确定原判决affirm defence 积极的抗辩agency stage 行政机关的裁决agency hearing 听证会allegation 主张的事实american law 美国法an ex parte hearing 一方当事人到庭说明an adversary hearing 双方当事人到庭辩论answer 答辩状appellate jurisdiction 上诉管辖权appeal 上诉appellant 上诉人appellee 被上诉人appropriate 永久占有arrest the judgement 暂时终止法院判决结果arraignment 刑事案件法官与当事人之间安排案件的程序assigned counsel 公设辩护人assumpsit 承诺履行bailment 寄托制度bail 保释beyond the reasonable doubt 超越合理的怀疑bill of Middlesex 早期诉讼当事人向国王秘书处申请的令状，同意发给后才能到国王法院进行诉讼bailliff 法庭内的法警bias 偏见bench of conference 到法官室或法官面前进行会议bond 提供担保burden of proof 举证责任case law 案例法cause of action 起诉理由chancellor 衡平法官chancery division 衡平法庭circuit court 巡回法院civil law 大陆法civil right act 人权法案civil procedure 民事诉讼法clerk 书记官closing argument 诉讼结论co－defedant 共同被告common law 普通法、习惯法、一致法、共同法compurgation 宣誓采证法compurgatory 宣誓采证法中的证人complaint 起诉状concurrent jurisdiction 竞合管辖权consideration 约因consortium 婚姻生活权；配偶权；亲权contempt of court 藐视法庭罪contract under seal 封印契约contributory negligence 加工过失corpus juris secundum 美国法律百科全书counterclaim 反诉court of common pleas 民诉法院court of king's bench 王室法院court of exchequer 财务法院court of exchequer chamber 财务上诉法院country court 乡镇法院court of common bench 民诉法院court of chancery 衡平法院court of justice of the peace 地方治安法院court of probate 遗嘱继承法院court of divorce 婚姻法院court of appeal in chancery 衡平上诉法院court of crown cases reserved 皇室上诉法院court of assize 巡回法院court of outside the united kingdom 英国境外各法院court of first instance 第一审法院court of second instance 第二审法院court of the international trade 国际贸易法院court of appeals for the federal circuit 联邦巡回上诉法院covenant 封印契约赔偿令状cross claim 被告间诉讼cross examnation 复向对方提出之证人curia regis 国王的法院damages 损害赔偿debt 返还确定金钱的令状decree 衡平法院作成的判决deductive reasoning 演绎法default judgement 一造判决defendant 被告defendant in error 被上诉人demurrer 驳回deposition 诘问内容作成的笔录detinue 非法留置的动产回复令状dialectical reasoning 论理（辩证）方法direct examination 诘问自己提出辩证direct verdict 法官指示陪审团作出直接判决discovery process 发现程序dismiss 驳回dissenting opinion 不同意见书district court 地方法院diversity jurisdiction 多元管辖权docket 案件登陆dual system 双轨并行制度due process 正当程序ejectment 不动产侵害令状en banc 法院全体法官共同审理equatible right衡平上的权利equatible defence 衡平抗辩estate 遗产ex post facto 溯及既往expert witness 专家证人express mention 明示其一排除其他原则expressio unius est exclusio alterius 明示其一排除其他原则exclusive jurisdiction 排他的管辖权exclusionary rule 证据排除法则eyre system 巡回制度felony 重罪foreman of jury 陪审团主席forms of action 严格的诉讼形式forum 法院fountain of all justices 正义的源泉freehould interest in land 对土地有完全权利者general assumpsit 不当得利令状general jurisdiction 一般管辖权geografhic jurisdiction 地域管辖权grand jury 大陪审团habeas corpus 人身保护令状hearsay evidence 传闻证据high court of justice 高级法院holding 法院判决house of lords 上议院house of commons 下议院hearing 听证会impeach 质疑证人的可信度impleader 第三人诉讼implied promise 默示承诺in personam jurisdiction 对人诉讼independent source rules 独立咨询取得的证据indictment 起诉inductive reasoning 归纳法inevitable discovery rule 当然发现原则inferior court 美国联邦法院第一级法院统称小法院information 检察官的起诉状in good faith 诚信善意原则injunction 禁止命令instruction 法官向陪审团作指示interlocutory appeal 中间上诉intermediate appellate court 中间上诉法院inerrogatory 诘问的问题issues 争点joint and several liability 连带赔偿责任judicial act 司法法案judicial committee of the privy council 枢密院司法委员会judgement on the verdict 确定原判决judgement notwithstanding the verdict 自行判决jurisdiction over the subjuct matter 对物诉讼jury 陪审团juvenile court 青少年法院judgement 法官作成的判决king's bench division 王室法庭king's council国王的咨询会议民商法学与经济法学专业词汇〖文字大小：大中小〗〖打印〗〖收藏到：QQ 百度雅虎〗〖关闭〗元宵短信元宵彩信民商法学与经济法学专业词汇Civil Laws, Commercial Laws and Economic Laws按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment办理注销登记：cancel the registration被代理人：the principal被侵权人the infringed本人名义：in one’s name标的subject matter补偿制度compensation system不动产登记制Lot and Block System财产法property law财产的添附accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权property mortgage财产继承权：the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships财产管理人property administrator; custodian of property财产混同confusion; hotchpot财产留置权encumbrance采用书面形式：in writing仓单warehouse voucher草签合同initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract长期合同long-term contract偿付能力solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency撤消合同cancellation of contract撤销合同cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权right of rescission; right of revocation 撤销要约revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠cancellation o will; revocationi of will承运人actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权carrier’s lien诚信原则principle of good faith诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle船舶承租人charterer船舶抵押权right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权possessory lien; lien of ship村民委员会：the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿punitive damages乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position处分财产dispose of properties处分权act of disposition处分原则principle of disposition代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by 代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agency单独承担的责任undivided responsibility单方法律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为unilateral administrative act等价有偿：making compensation for equal value 对等原则principle of reciprocity对价consideration对抗措施counter measure对人权right in personam; personal right对世权real right; right in rem恶意串通：conspire maliciously恶意行为ill will mala fides法人judicial person; legal body法人的权利能力legal capacity of juristic person 法人的责任能力capacity for responsibility of juristic person法人权限corporate power法人人格corporate personality法人身份status of a legal person法人团体corporation法人资格corporate capacity法人组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person负共同连带责任liable jointly and severally负全部责任bear all responsibilities; in all charge 负有解释的义务accountable负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors附带的条件incident附带要求contingent claim附带原因contributory cause; inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts附条件的权利conditional right赋予权力entitle个体工商户：individual businesses个人合伙：individual partnership各尽所能，按劳分配from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs给付定金：leave a deposit with the other party工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce公民基本义务fundamental duties of citizens合同contract合同法contract law合同副本copies of the contract合同规定contract provisions/stipulations合同履行地法lex loci contractus合同期限contract period (or contract term)合同条款contract terms (or contract clause) 合同有效期contract life合同正本originals of the contract合伙人：partners合议制collegial system核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered恢复原状recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he original conditions; retitutio in integrum集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership技术合同纠纷案件controversy over a technology contract监护人：guardian经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority居民委员会：the neighborhood committee履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardianship埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed object买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm households平等主体：civil subjects with equal status企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person契约自由liberty of contract取得不当得利：profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people让与alien; alienate; assign; cede让与的利益benefit of cession让与权benefit of cessioni设定义务的规则rule of imposing duty设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish, change or terminate civil relationship所有权ownership书面合同 a written contract双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in double双方法律行为bilateral legal transaction擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alter or rescind one’s act arbitrarily他物权right over the property of another提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge违反合同breach of contract委托代理：entrusted agency委托代理人：an entrusted agent无过错责任liability without negligence无民事行为能力人：a person having no capacity for civil conduct无因管理：act as manager or provide services in order to protect another person’s interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so 下落不明one’s whereabouts have been unknown限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors行使代理权：exercise the power of agency宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declare …to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects, flotsam以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of cheating or coercion 意思表示show one’s intention意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption优先权priority, preemptive right有过错的一方：the erring party有连带责任的conjunctly and severally有权向债务人追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debto造成财产损失：cause any property loss责任能力capacity for responsibility责任年龄capacity of responsibility; year of discretion债的标的object of obligation债的发生creation of obligation债的消灭extinction of obligation占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property指定代理：appointed agency执行合同carry out a contract, execute/implement/fulfill/perform a contract主要办事机构：the main administrative office追偿：claim compensation from住所：domicile法律专业词汇（法理、法制史、宪法学）Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems and Constitution按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教学法case system案例汇编case book; case report; law report柏拉图Plato《保护人权与基本自由公约》(1950) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights andFundamental Freedoms, 1950（罗）被视为be deemed as被宣布为非法be outlawed; be declared illegal比较法comparative law比较法学comparative jurisprudence比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence 比较法制史comparative legal history比较分析法method of comparative analysis比较刑法comparative penal law比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relationship边缘法学borderline jurisprudence变通办法adaptation; accommodation补充规定supplementary provision补救办法remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不动产所在地法律law of the place where the real property is situated; lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不作为abstain from an act; act of omission部门法department law部门规章regulation参照consult参照具体情况in the light of actual conditions参照原文consult the original查士丁尼法典Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus 查士丁尼法规汇编Authenticum超出法律范围的outside of law超出法律权限的extralegal 超过权限exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction成文法written law成文宪法written constitution冲突法conflict of laws; rules of conflict冲突规则conflict rule; rule of conflict除（本法）另有规定外except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外条款provisory clause除外责任条款exclusion clause触犯公共利益encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益go against the state’s interests触犯人民利益encroach on the interests of the people; go against the people’s interests传统法律观念traditional ideas of law纯粹法学pure theory of law次要法规by law次要规则secondary rule从宽解释原则doctrine of liberal construction从权利accessory right达到法定年龄come of age大法the fundamental law大法官Lord High Chancellor大法官法院Court of Chancery大陆法系Continental Legal System大律师barrister《大明律》Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty （中）大陪审团grand jury《大清律例》the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中)《大宪章》(1215) Great Charter, 1215(英)单行法规specific regulations单一法律体系unitary legal system单一制政府unitary government但书proviso当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence当然解释natural interpretation党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country道德规范norm of morality道德义务moral obligation《德国民法典》German Civil code德拉古Draco地方各级人民代表大会local people’s congresses at different levels地方各级人民法院local people’s courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院local people’s procuratorates at different levels地方各级人民政府local people’s governments at different levels第二读second reading第三读third reading二元论the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制dual constitutional monarchy system二元论the dualistic theory二元论者dualist二元制bicameral system法的本质the nature of law法的变化changes of law法的定义definition of law法的发展development of law法的分类divisions of law法的概念concepts of law法的规范作用normalized usage of law法的继承succession of law法律的理想ideal of law法律的权威authority of law法律的失效lapse of law法律的实施administration of law; law enforcement法律的适用application of law法律的统一unification of law 法律的推定presumption of law法律的推理analogy of law法律的完整性integrity of law法律的效力范围force’s scale of law法律的效力形式force’s form of law法律的修改alteration of law法律的演进evolutin of law法律的原理principle of law法律地位平等equal in legal status法律对人的效力personal act of law编纂法律方法legal methodology法律分类classification of law法律赋予权力authority conferred by law法律改革law reform法律概念legal concept法律根据legal basis法律工作者legal professional法律关系legal relation法律关系的运行process of legal relation法律关系客体object of legal relation法律关系主体subject of legal relation法律规定provisions of law法律规范norm of law法律规范的逻辑结构logical structure of legal rule法律规则体系system of legal rules法律含义intendment of law法律另有规定：otherwise stipulated by law法律现象legal phenomenon法律研究legal research法律要件legal requirement法律依据legal basis法律意见legal advice法律意见书legal opinion法律意识law-consciousness法律意义legal sense法律用语legal language法律与正义先验论 a prior theory of law andjustice法律渊源source of law法律原本注释gloss法律原理legal doctrines法律原则principle of legality法律援助legal aid法律约束legal binding; legal restraint法律责任legal responsibility法律责任的道义基础moral basic of legal obligation法律责任的归结imputaton of legal responsibility 法律责任的认定determination of legal responsibility法律责任的执行enforcement of legal responsibility法律责任客体object of legal responsibility法律责任主体subject of legal responsibility法律哲学philosophy of law; philosophie du droit （法）；philosophia juris法律政策policy of the law法律职业道德legal ethics法律指导legal counsel法律制裁legal sanction法律制度regime of law; legal system法律秩序legal order法律主体资格capacity as a subject of law法律主张proposition of law法律属地原则territoriality of laws法律著述legal literature法律专家legal expert法律专业legal profession法律专著和教科书legal treatise and textbook法律咨询legal advice法律尊严legal sanctity法盲legal illiterates法权right法社会学sociology of law 汉英法律专业词汇（法理、法制史、宪法学）Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems and Constitution法系legal system法协会law society法学jurisprudence法学博士doctor of jurisprudence法学导论leading principles of law法学的范畴体系the system of categories of jurisprudence法学的范畴意识the consciousness of category of jurisprudence法学的基石范畴fundamental categories of jurisprudence法学方法method of jurisprudence法学方法论methodology of jurisprudence法学会law society法学教科书law textbooks法学理论theory of law; legal theory法学权威an academic authority in law法学士bachelor of law法学体系system of jurisprudence法学通论first principles of law法学院faculty of law; law school法医forensic medicine法医学forensic medicine法院court法院调查judicial investigation法院管辖权competence of court法院管辖以外的extrajudicial法院判决court decision法院系统court structure法院组织法judicature act法则articles法哲学philosophy of law法制legal institution法制传统tradition of law system法制的精神spirit of legality法制的尊严dignity of the legal system法制观念legal concept法制观念淡薄very weak in the understanding of law法制教育legal education; education of legal system法制史legal history; history of legal system法治rule of law法治的机制the mechanism of rule of law法治的要素the element of rule of law非实质的immaterial非营利的non-profit非约束性条款permissive provision废止法律annulment of law分别管辖权separate jurisdiction分别财产制separation of property regime分别规定separate provision分担责任share the responsibility分工负责，互相配合，互相制约divide responsibility for their own work; coordinate their efforts and check each other分工负责制division of labor responsibility system分级管理different levels holding different responsibilities分配制度distribution system分析法理学analytical jurisprudence否决权power veto; veto power否认事实denial of facts服从法律amenable to law; subject to the law服从判决accept a judgment符合程序be in order符合法律be in conformity with law符合宪法constitutionality符合宪法的法律constitutional law符合原则be in conformity with the principle盖尤斯Gaius 概括裁定general verdict概括继承general succession干扰司法公正interference with course of justice 刚性条款entrenched clause刚性宪法rigid constitution岗位责任制post responsibility system高等法院high court; high court of justice高度集中highly centralize高度民主high level of democracy高度自治权high degree of autonomy高级法官senior judge高级法院superior court高级人民法院Higher People’s Court高级人民检察院Higher People’s Procuratortate 搁置set aside; abeyance格式条款clause of style公认的行为准则established standard of conduct规避法律in fraud of law规避义务evade obligations规范的法律规则normative rule of law规范法学normative jurisprudence规范性法律文件normalizative document of law规范性法律文件的规范化normalization of normative legal document国际法international law国际法学international jurisprudence过错方tort-feasor; wrongdoer过错推定原则doctrine of presumption过错责任liability for wrongs; tort liability海事法院court of admiralty《汉穆拉比法典》Code of Hammurabi合并条款consolidation of provisions合法的个人财产legal personal property合法地位legal status合法权益the lawful rights and interests合法行为lawful acts; legality of purpose合宪性constitutionality衡平法equity衡平法规则rule of equity衡平法学equity jurisprudence衡平法院Court of Chancery (美)；Court of Equity （英）后法取代前法 A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one.后法优于前法lex posterior derogat priori户籍所在地：the place where his residence is registered互为因果reciprocal causation基本法fundamental law基本法律规范basic norm of law基本方针basic policies基本权利和义务basic rights and duties基本司法概念和假设basic legal conception and assumption技术性法规technical legal rule家庭法family law建立法律关系create legal relations教会法canon law《教会法大全》Corpus Juris Canonici教会法学家decretalists解释法律的技术规则technical rule of interpretation解释权power of interpretation近因immediate cause禁治产人imbecile; interdicted person经常居住地：habitual residence经法律确认的ascertained by law经法律许可authorized by law经验法学scholastic theories of law纠问式审判trial by inspection or examination具有法律约束力的文件legally binding instrument 具有同等效力的with equal authenticity具有约束力的判例binding precedent绝对衡平法absolute equity 君主立宪制度constitutional monarchy开罗会议Cairo Conference凯恩斯主义keynesianism可撤销的法律行为revocable juristic act可让与性alienability可用法律强制执行的enforceable at law可预见的foreseeable可直接适用的法律directly applicable law可追溯的retrospective客观条件objective condition客观因素objective factor客体object扩充解释amplified interpretation理论法理学派theoretical jurisprudence school理性决定说theory of rational decision理性认识conceptual knowledge历史法学historical jurisprudence历史法学派historical school of law历史解释historical interpretation立法机构legislative body立法权law-making power; legislative power 立法委任权legislation mandate立法效力legislative effect立法议案bills立法者law-maker; legislator立宪constitutionalism利益冲突conflict of interests利害关系人interested person连带法律关系joint legal relations连带责任joint and several obligation论理解释logical interpretation罗马法Roman Law; Jus Romanum罗马法系Roman-Law System罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世Justinian I罗马法理学jurisprudential《罗马法律汇编》Roman Digest罗马法学派school of Romanists罗马－日耳曼法系Roman-Germanic family罗马私法Jus Privatum逻辑解释logical interpretation马伯里诉麦迪逊案Marbury vs. Madison马克思主义法律理论Marxism-leninism马克思主义法学Marxist jurisprudence马克思主义法学家Marxist jurist没有事实根据的unsubstantial美国国际法协会American Institute of International Law美国海事法庭Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A.美国联邦地区法院United States district courts美国联邦法官federal judge没有法律依据的lawless没有判决先例的案件case of first impression《民法大全》Corpus Juris Civilis民法典civil code民法法系Civil-Law System民法通则：General Principles of the Civil Law民法学science of civil law民事案件中“占有优势证据”的原则“by a preponderance of evidence”in civil cases民事权利能力：the capacity for civil rights民事权益：civil rights and interests 民事诉讼法学Civil Procedure Law民事制裁civil punishment; civil sanction民政部门：the civil affairs department明代法规laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty 明示或默示的express or implied默示表达communication by implication拿破仑法典The Code Napolean内部规章internal regulations纳妾制concubinage南京条约(1843) Treaty of Nanking, 1843拟制理论fiction theory拟制买卖mancipatio欧洲大陆法continental law偶然权利contingent right偶然因果关系fortuitous causal relationship偶然因素accidentalia偶因accidental cause排他的权利right to exclude all others派生的权利derived right派生取得derivative acquisition判例法系Case Law System普通法法系Common-Law System判例法系Case Law System判例汇编reports; reports of judgments普通法common lawAb initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。

法律词汇中英文名称对照表（一）A Resolution for Voluntary 自动清盘决议Abatement 减免或减轻abduction 拐带abortion 堕胎absconding 弃保潜逃Absolute assignment 绝对转让absolute discharge 无条件释放absolute liability 绝对法律责任acquit [v.] 无罪释放Act of God 天灾、神力行为Act 作为Action 诉讼adjourn 休庭、延期聆讯Adult 成人、成年人Affidavit 誓章age of consent 同意年龄Agent 代理人aiding abetting 教唆、煽动犯罪Arbitration 仲裁arrest 拘捕、逮捕Arrestable Offence 可逮捕的罪行arrestable offence 可逮捕罪行arson 纵火Articles of Association 公司章程assault 殴打Assignment 转让契据asymmetric cryptosystem 非对称密码系统Auditor 核数师Authorized share capital 法定股本Authorized signature 经授权之签名Available act of Bankruptcy 可用的破产作为Bailiff 执达主任bankruptcy debt 破产债项Bearer 持票人beneficiary 受益人Bilingual Laws Advisory Committee 双语法例谘询委员会Board of directors 董事会British Dependent Territories citizen 英国属土公民British Overseas citizen 英国海外公民Building Authority 建筑事务监督Business Registration 商业登记Buyer 买方Certificate of Compliance 满意纸Certificate of Origin 产地来源证certificate 证书certification practice statement 核证作业准则Chairman of the board of directors 董事会主席Charge 扺押Charge 抵押Chattel 货物或实产Chief Justice 首席大法官Co-owners 联名业主commissioner 监誓员Committed For Trial 交付审判Common Law 普通法Company directors 公司董事Company Secretary 公司秘书Company 公司Condition precedent 先决条件Conditions of Exchange 换地条款Conditions of Grant 批地条款Conditions of Sale 卖地条款Conditions 批地条款Consideration 代价Consul 领事Consular Officer 领事馆官员Contract for service 服务合约Contract of Sale 售卖合约Conversion 侵占copyright notice 版权通知Cost，insurance，freight CIFCounter-offer 反要约Court of Final Appeal 终审法院Creditor 债权人Creditor's Ordinary Resolution 债权人普通决议Creditor's Special Resolution 债权人会议特别决议creditors' committee 债权人委员会creditors' meeting 债权人的会议Creditors' Voluntary Winding 债权人自动清盘damage 损害damages 损害赔偿Debenture 债权证debt provable in bankruptcy or provable debt 可证债权或可证债项Debt Provable in Bankruptcy 可证债项debtor 债务人Deed of Mutual Covenant 大厦公契deed 契据digital signature 数码签署discharge 解除dispute resolution 和调解纠纷dividend 股息Document of Title to Goods 货品的所有权文件dormant 匿名或不活动drawee 受票人drawer 发票人Easement 地役权economic rights 经济权electronic record 电子纪录electronic signature 电子签署Equal Opportunity Commission 平等机会委员会Equitable Charge 公义式扺押Equitable Mortgage 公义式按揭Export 输出、出口Fault 错失Forfeiture 没收租权Freehold 永久业权Future goods 期货Gazette 宪报Government Chemist 政府化验师Government Land Resumption Ordinance 收回官地条例Government Lease 官地租契Group of Companies 公司集团hash function 杂凑函数Import 输入、进口Incumbrance 负累权益information system 资讯系统intellectual property rights 知识产权interim order 临时命令Intermeddling 干预死者的遗产International court of justice 国际法院Joint Tenants 共有权益Judge of the Court of Final Appeal 终审法院大法官Judge 大法官Judgment Creditor 判定债权人Judgment Debtor 判定债务人Judgment 判决Justice，Justice of the peace 太平绅士key pair 配对密码匙land 土地Lands Tribunal 土地审裁处Law Reform Commission 法律改革委员会Law 法律、法例、法Leasehold 租用业权Legal Charge 法定式扺押Legal Mortgage 法定式按揭licensing agreement 许可合同Listed Company 上市公司Medical Practitioner 医生Members' Voluntary Winding Up 成员自动清盘moral rights 精神权利Mortgage 按揭New Territories 新界nominee 代名人Nominee's Report 代名人报告notary 公证人Oath 誓言Offence 罪、罪行、罪项、犯法行为Official Receiver 破产管理署署长Order in Council 枢密院颁令ordinary resolution 普通决议Original court 原讼法院parallel import 平行进口patent 专利Payable at sight 见票即付Payee 受款人Personal Representative 遗产代理人Plaintiff 原告人Police officer 警务人员Power 权、权力Prevailing Market Rent 市值租金Principal Tenant 主租客Prison 狱、监狱Private Company 私人公司private key 私人密码匙Privy Council 枢密院Profit A Prendre 取利权property 财产Property 产权proposal 建议Prospectus 招股章程public key 公开密码匙Quality of Goods 货、货品Quality of Goods 货品品质record 纪录registered design registration 注册外观设计Registered Medical Practitioner 注册医生Registrar of the Supreme Court 最高法院司法常务官Regulations 规例Repeal 废除Restrictive Covenant 限制性的约言Reversionary Title 归属主权Right Of Way 过路权或取道权Sale 售卖Secretary for Justice 律政司司长secured creditor 有抵押债权人Sell 卖、售卖、出售Seller 卖方Share 股﹑股份short term patent 短期专利Sign 签名、签署special resolution 特别决议Specific Goods 特定货品Statutory Declaration 法定声明Subsidiary Legislation 附属法例Summary conviction 简易程序定罪Tenants-in-common 共享权益Tenement 物业单位Term 土地租期Territorial Waters 领海The Office of the Commissioner of Insurance 保险业监理处Title 业权Town Planning Board 城市规划委员会Trade Mark Ordinance 商标条例Trade Mark Registry 商标注册处trade mark relating to goods 货品商标trade mark relating to services 服务商标Trade mark 商标Triable Summarily 可循简易程序审讯Trustee of Bankruptcy 破产受托人trustee 受托人trustworthy system 稳当系统United Kingdom 联合王国Unlisted Company 非上市公司verify a digital signature 核实数码签署voluntary arrangement 个人自愿安排Warranty 保证条款Will 遗嘱years of age 岁、年岁。

词汇空缺与英语法律术语的翻译
戴拥军;张德让
【期刊名称】《安徽理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
【年(卷),期】2004(006)004
【摘要】词汇空缺现象是跨文化交流中常见的问题,它给跨文化交流带来障碍,给翻译造成麻烦.本文从法律文化角度分析了英语法律术语汉译过程中词汇空缺现象产生的四个主要原因:法律传统,现实生活,社会制度和民族心理,并就英语法律术语的翻译提出具体原则与策略:尊重惯译、直译、直译加解释和解释翻译法.最后,作者还就法律术语翻译的规范和统一问题提出建议.
【总页数】4页(P77-80)
【作者】戴拥军;张德让
【作者单位】安徽师范大学外国语学院,安徽,芜湖,241000;安徽师范大学外国语学院,安徽,芜湖,241000
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H03
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