二、决策理论学派的管理思想
1、关于组织的理论 组织就是作为决策的个人所组成的系统。 决策贯穿于管理的全过程,管理就是决策。 经营中组织的最理想状态是它的所有成 员由于把个人目标和组织的共同目标结合 起来,因而都愿意为提高组织效率而做出 贡献。
2、科学的决策概念 狭义:指在几种行动方案中进行选择。 广义:包括在做出最后的选择之前必须进 行的一切活动。 决策就是人们为了达到一定目标,在掌握 充分的信息和对有关情况进行深刻分析的基 础上,用科学的方法拟定并评估各种方案, 从中选出合理方案的过程。
3、把管理中与决策有关的各种复杂因素 全部数量化,完全采用定量分析的方 法来解决复杂环境下的组织问题是不 现实的。
第七节 权变理论学派
In the mid-1960s,the contingency view of management, or situation approach ,emerged. This view emphasizes the fit between organization processes and the characteristics of the situation . It calls for fitting the structure of the organization to various possible or chance events. It questions the use of universal management practices and advocates using traditional,behavioral , and systematical viewpoints, independently or in conbination to deal with various circumstances. Basically ,contingency theory asserts that when managers make a decision , they must take into account all aspects of the current situation and act on those aspect that are key to the situation at hand . appropriate managerial behavior depends on the elements of the situation .