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用三种不同方法翻译英语中的数词英语中的有些数词在汉译时可以等值翻译。
但是，也有不少数词在汉译中不能等值翻译，或者完全不译出来。
这种翻译处理方法是为了使汉译句子能符合汉语的表达习惯。
以下分别举例说明：（1）等值翻译：a drop in the ocean沧海一粟within a stone s throw一箭之遥ki11 two birds with one stone一箭双雕a fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.．吃一堑，长一智。
（2）不等值翻译：at sixes and sevens乱七八糟on second thoughts再三考虑by ones and twos两两地，零零落落地Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠胜过诸葛亮。
Can you come down a little? Sorry, it s one price for all. 你能便宜一点卖吗？对不起，不二价.He had one over the eight after be drank only half bottle of the wine。
他才喝了半瓶酒就醉得七歪八倒了。
（3）不必译出One man s meat is another man s poison.人各有所好。
I ll love you three score and ten.我会一辈子爱你的。
Ten to one he has forgotten it．很可能他已经忘了。
His mark in math is second to none in the class. 他的数学分数在班上是名列前茅的。
She is a second Lei Feng。
她是雷锋式的人物。
I always believe my sixth sense。
我总相信我的直觉。
He talks about you nine times out of ten when we have a chitchat. 每次我们闲聊他几乎都谈及你。
文言文中数词翻译类型翻译类型：1．表示数量词文言文中的数词，有时表示一个数量词，其特点是量词省略，或数词后置。
例如：①马之千里者，一食或尽粟一石。
（韩愈《马说》）“一食”中的“一”是一顿之义，量词“顿”省略。
②箱奁六七十，绿碧青丝绳。
（《孔雀东南飞》）“六七十”指六七十只，数字后置，并省略量词。
2．表示概数有些数词只表示一个大约的数目，而并非表示确定的数目，是虚指而非实指。
例如：①军书十二卷，卷卷有爷名。
（《木兰诗》）“十二”指军书多，非实指有十二卷。
②入二三里，得其尤绝者家焉。
（柳宗元《愚溪诗序》）“二三”表示两三里左右。
3．表示序数有些数词含有第几之义，表示顺序。
例如：①一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭。
（《曹刿论战》）“一”指第一次，“三”指第三次。
②以孔子遇虎言之，圣人不能先知，六也。
（王充《知实》）“六”即第六。
4．表示两数相加这种情况是用“有”将前后两个数连接起来，表示两数相加，有时量词省略。
例如：①臣密今年四十有四，祖母刘今年九十有六。
（李密《陈情表》）“四十有四”即四十四岁，“九十有六”即九十六岁。
②尔来二十有一年矣。
（诸葛亮《出师表》）“二十有一年”指二十一年。
5．表示两数相乘有时两数连用，表示所指的数是两数相乘的积。
例如：①三五之夜，明月半墙。
（归有光《项嵴轩志》）“三五”是指阴历十五。
②急走趋之，乃二八姝丽。
（蒲松龄《画皮》）“二八”即十六岁。
6．表示一个分数有时两数或连用，或用“之、无”等将两数隔开，表示几分之几，前一个数代表分母，后一个数代表分子。
例如：①曩与吾祖者，今其室十无一焉；与吾父者，今其室十无二三焉。
（柳宗元《捕蛇者说》）“十无一”即十分之一，“十无二三”即十分之二三。
②然民之遭水旱疾疫而不幸者，不过十之一二矣。
（洪亮吉《治平篇》）“十之一二”指十分之一二。
7．“一”的特殊用法“一”在文言文中十分活跃且具有多种意义，用法灵活，常用义项有“相同”“一样”“统一”“满”“全”“都”“整体”“一体”“专一”“竟、乃”等。
For personal use only in study and research; not forcommercial use数量词的翻译方法和技巧(Translating Skills: Numbers)数词的翻译英汉两种语言表示数量的方法有时不同，翻译中不仅需要仔细推敲如何表达，有时还需要进行换算。
例如：1．ten thousand 万，one hundred thousand 十万, one hundred million 亿, one billion 十亿, ten billion 百亿2．hundreds of：数百thousands of：数千；成千上万tens of thousands of ：千千万万millions of：数百万；千百万millions of millions of 亿万与此相类似的还有一些表示数量的名词：decades：几十（年）scores：好几十；大量dozens：数打量词的翻译 1. 度量衡单位词的翻译：直接将量词译为对应的汉语。
例如：ton：吨gram：克foot：英尺inch：英寸 2. 普通名词作量词则应按语境来译，必须符合汉语的表达习惯。
例如：a piece of news：一则消息a colony of ants：一窝蚂蚁a cake of soap：一块肥皂 3. 翻译时增加量词。
例如： a chair：一把椅子a horse：一匹马a tree：一棵树 A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。
倍数的翻译(Translating Skills: multiple)常见的倍数的翻译有倍数的增加和倍数的减少。
倍数的增加 1. n times +名词或+that of…, n times as … as…或v+ n times等可译成"是…的n倍”或"比…增加n-1倍”。
英语一些数量词的翻译英语数词的翻译4.”每隔”与”每逢”的译法Every other …每隔….Every other day 每隔一天Every third day= every three days每逢三天=每三天=每隔两天Every sixth tree = every six trees每逢六棵树=每六棵树=每隔五棵树但应注意:并不是任何时候都能译成”每隔”,也并不是任何场合都要”减一”.只有在叙述一个长的序列时, 可以译成”每隔”,只有在属于同一量纲时才”减一”.Please write on ever other line请隔行写.He comes here every three days.他每隔两天来一次.The bus runs every five minutes.公汽每五分钟一班.The test indicated that one transistor in every ten was out of order.试验表明, 每十只晶体管中有一只是坏的.In the order type of coaxial system, amplifiers are required every eight miles. In the newer type coaxial system, the signals transmitted are much higher in frequency and amplifiers are required every four miles.在较老工的同轴电缆系统中, 每隔八英里要装一个放大器; 在较新式的同轴电缆系统中, 传输信号的频率高得多, 所要只每隔四英里装一个放大器.(说明:这里是序列, 何用’每隔’,但放大器所占的距离极小, 与英里不属同一个量纲, 故不应减一. 如果减一, 在技术上就会造成错误.)An ocean block equalizer is located in the section following every tenth repeater.每隔十个增音机设置一个海底分段均衡器.Equalizing repeaters are located every 38 miles.每隔38英里装一个均衡增音机.Equalizing repeaters are located every ten repeaters.每隔九个增音机有一个均衡器.5. 序数词翻译时应注意有的场合要”加一”.例如:1) 关于楼层的表达:英语美语汉语Basement basement 地下室Ground floor first floor 一楼First floor second floor 二楼Second floor third floor 三楼Top floor top floor 顶楼2) Fifth overtone译成”泛音”时, 为”五次泛音”或”第五泛音”.译成”谐波”时, 为”六次谐波”或”第六谐波”.6. 习惯短词英语中有许多有关数词或含有数词的短语, 在翻译时应特别注意.1)order of magnitude 数量级New boosters can increase the payload by almost one order of magnitude.新型助推器能使有效负载几乎增加一个数量级.The interstitial atoms of gold diffuse into silicon at a rate several orders of magnitude faster than the group III and V impurities.金的填隙原子向硅扩散的速率比III 族和V 族杂质快几个数量级.The green emitting GaP has quantum efficiencies as high as 0.6% recorded for laboratory.Present marketed units, however, have much greater than anorder of magnitude less efficiency.按实验记录, 发绿光的磷化镓的量子效率高达0.6%,但目前请市售产品效率则低一个数量级还多.In troposcatter transmission it turns out that M is of the order of 100 to 1000.在对流层散射通信中, 已证明M 是在100到1000的数量级.2)of the order of 约为The result of measurement indicated that actualerror probability was of the order of 1 percent.测量结果表明, 实际误差概率约为1%.It is expected that the optimal value of x is of the order of the time interval between two pulses.预计x 的最佳值约为两脉冲之间的时间间隔.3)first of all 首先, 第一First of all, a big power plant should be built where there is coal and water.首先, 一座大的发电厂应该建在有煤和水的地方.4)within a factor of ten 在一个数量级范围内These figures show that the improvement of input impedance is within a factor of ten.这些数字表明, 输入阻抗的改进值为一个数量级.5)second to none 首屈一指, 无所匹敌China has a population second to none in the world.中国的人中是世界上最多的.6)by halves 不完全, 不彻底The investigation into this mechanism was done by halves.对这种机理的研究尚不充分.7)a hundred and one; a thousand and one 无数的, 许多的Local government has set up power stations, chemical fertilizer plants and a hundred and one other factories.本地政府建立了发电站, 化肥厂和许多其他工厂.8)in halves 分成两份, 分成两半In fig. 15, R3 has been split in halves to enable the feedback to be applied.在图15中,R3被分成两半, 使得反馈能够加上去.9)ten to one; twenty to one 十之八九, 十有八九Ten to one, we shall overfulfil our production plan for this month.十之八九, 我们能够超额完成本月的生产计划.10)fifty-fifty (half and half) 各半, 均分, 平均In this circuit configuration, the current will flow through T1 and T2 on a fifty-fifty basis.在这种电路中, 电流将平均地流过T1和T2.11)a few tenths of 十分之几, 零点几.. In the present design, step inputs are restricted to a few tenths of millivolt.在目前这个设计中, 阶跃输入信号限制在零点几毫伏以下.12)by 100 percent 百分之百地, 全部地The capacitors produced this week must be checked by 100 percent.本周生产的电容器必须百分之百地进行检验.13)in a first approximation 采用一级近似In a first approximation, the departure from a constant amplitude vs frequency characteristic will be a characteristics with a linear slop that will vary with time.采用一级近似, 则可认为对频率特性曲线的等幅偏移是一具有时变线性斜率的特性曲线.7. 某些表示不定数目的词1)ten, hundred, thousand, million通常不加”s”;如果加”s”,就表示为原数的若干倍, 即”几十”,”几百”,”几千”,”几百万, 成为不定的约略数字.Hundreds of technical translators are needed in various scientific research institutes.各科学研究所需要数百名科技翻译工作者.Tens of thousands of elements are used in a radio station.一部无线电台需要几万个无件.Thousands upon thousands of martyrs have heroically laid down their lives for the people.成千上万的先烈为着人民的利益英勇地献出了自己的生命.说明:Millions有时指一个很大的数目, 可译成”千千万万”,”成千上万”,”千百万”,”亿万”.例如:What is a true bastion of iron? It is the masses, the millions upon millions of people who genuinely and sincerely support the revolution.真正的铜墙铁壁是什么? 是群众, 是千百万真心实意拥护革命的群众.Millions have been wasted in preparation for war by United States of American, while millions have been used for construction work in our country.美国耗费无数金钱备战, 我国用无数金钱建设.2) 还有一些表示数字的词:Decade 十decades 几十score 二十scores 几十dozen 十二, 一打dozens 几十a small gross 120个, 十打。
英语数词的翻译4.”每隔”与”每逢”的译法Every other …每隔….Every other day 每隔一天Every third day= every three days每逢三天=每三天=每隔两天Every sixth tree = every six trees每逢六棵树=每六棵树=每隔五棵树但应注意:并不是任何时候都能译成”每隔”,也并不是任何场合都要”减一”.只有在叙述一个长的序列时,可以译成”每隔”,只有在属于同一量纲时才”减一”.Please write on ever other line请隔行写.He comes here every three days.他每隔两天来一次.The bus runs every five minutes.公汽每五分钟一班.The test indicated that one transistor in every ten was out of order.试验表明,每十只晶体管中有一只是坏的.In the order type of coaxial system, amplifiers are required every eight miles. In the newer type coaxial system, the signals transmitted are much higher in frequency and amplifiers are required every four miles.在较老工的同轴电缆系统中,每隔八英里要装一个放大器;在较新式的同轴电缆系统中,传输信号的频率高得多,所要只每隔四英里装一个放大器.(说明:这里是序列,何用’每隔’,但放大器所占的距离极小,与英里不属同一个量纲,故不应减一.如果减一,在技术上就会造成错误.)An ocean block equalizer is located in the section following every tenth repeater.每隔十个增音机设置一个海底分段均衡器.Equalizing repeaters are located every 38 miles.每隔38英里装一个均衡增音机.Equalizing repeaters are located every ten repeaters.每隔九个增音机有一个均衡器.5.序数词翻译时应注意有的场合要”加一”.例如:1) 关于楼层的表达:英语美语汉语Basement basement 地下室Ground floor first floor 一楼First floor second floor 二楼Second floor third floor 三楼Top floor top floor 顶楼2) Fifth overtone译成”泛音”时,为”五次泛音”或”第五泛音”.译成”谐波”时,为”六次谐波”或”第六谐波”.6.习惯短词英语中有许多有关数词或含有数词的短语,在翻译时应特别注意.1)order of magnitude 数量级New boosters can increase the payload by almost one order of magnitude.新型助推器能使有效负载几乎增加一个数量级.The interstitial atoms of gold diffuse into silicon at a rate several orders of magnitude faster than the group III and V impurities.金的填隙原子向硅扩散的速率比III族和V族杂质快几个数量级.The green emitting GaP has quantum efficiencies as high as 0.6% recorded for laboratory. Present marketed units, however, have much greater than an order of magnitude less efficiency.按实验记录,发绿光的磷化镓的量子效率高达0.6%,但目前请市售产品效率则低一个数量级还多.In troposcatter transmission it turns out that M is of the order of 100 to 1000.在对流层散射通信中,已证明M是在100到1000的数量级.2)of the order of 约为The result of measurement indicated that actual error probability was of the order of 1 percent.测量结果表明,实际误差概率约为1%.It is expected that the optimal value of x is of the order of the time interval between two pulses.预计x的最佳值约为两脉冲之间的时间间隔.3)first of all 首先,第一First of all, a big power plant should be built where there is coal and water.首先,一座大的发电厂应该建在有煤和水的地方.4)within a factor of ten 在一个数量级范围内These figures show that the improvement of input impedance is within a factor of ten.这些数字表明,输入阻抗的改进值为一个数量级.5)second to none 首屈一指,无所匹敌China has a population second to none in the world.中国的人中是世界上最多的.6)by halves 不完全,不彻底The investigation into this mechanism was done by halves.对这种机理的研究尚不充分.7)a hundred and one; a thousand and one 无数的,许多的Local government has set up power stations, chemical fertilizer plants and a hundred and one other factories.本地政府建立了发电站,化肥厂和许多其他工厂.8)in halves 分成两份,分成两半In fig. 15, R3 has been split in halves to enable the feedback to be applied.在图15中,R3被分成两半,使得反馈能够加上去.9)ten to one; twenty to one 十之八九,十有八九Ten to one, we shall overfulfil our production plan for this month.十之八九,我们能够超额完成本月的生产计划.10)fifty-fifty (half and half) 各半,均分,平均In this circuit configuration, the current will flow through T1 and T2 on a fifty-fifty basis.在这种电路中,电流将平均地流过T1和T2.11)a few tenths of 十分之几,零点几..In the present design, step inputs are restricted to a few tenths of millivolt.在目前这个设计中,阶跃输入信号限制在零点几毫伏以下.12)by 100 percent 百分之百地,全部地The capacitors produced this week must be checked by 100 percent.本周生产的电容器必须百分之百地进行检验.13)in a first approximation 采用一级近似In a first approximation, the departure from a constant amplitude vs frequency characteristic will be a characteristics with a linear slop that will vary with time.采用一级近似,则可认为对频率特性曲线的等幅偏移是一具有时变线性斜率的特性曲线.7.某些表示不定数目的词1)ten, hundred, thousand, million通常不加”s”;如果加”s”,就表示为原数的若干倍,即”几十”,”几百”,”几千”,”几百万,成为不定的约略数字.Hundreds of technical translators are needed in various scientific research institutes.各科学研究所需要数百名科技翻译工作者.Tens of thousands of elements are used in a radio station.一部无线电台需要几万个无件.Thousands upon thousands of martyrs have heroically laid down their lives for the people.成千上万的先烈为着人民的利益英勇地献出了自己的生命.说明:Millions有时指一个很大的数目,可译成”千千万万”,”成千上万”,”千百万”,”亿万”.例如: What is a true bastion of iron? It is the masses, the millions upon millions of people who genuinely and sincerely support the revolution.真正的铜墙铁壁是什么?是群众,是千百万真心实意拥护革命的群众.Millions have been wasted in preparation for war by United States of American, while millions have been used for construction work in our country.美国耗费无数金钱备战,我国用无数金钱建设.2)还有一些表示数字的词:Decade 十decades 几十score 二十scores 几十dozen 十二,一打dozens 几十a small gross 120个, 十打。
