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Common English Contract Vocabulary1.Parties: The individuals or entities entering into the contract.2.Term: The duration or length of time the contract is valid.3.Consideration: The value exchanged by the parties, often in the form of goods,services, or money.4.Breach: Violation of the terms and conditions of the contract.5.Indemnification: Compensation for damages or losses.6.Confidentiality: Protection of sensitive information shared during the contract.7.Termination: The ending of the contract before the expiration of its term.8.Force Majeure: Unforeseeable circumstances that prevent a party from fulfillingtheir obligations.9.Jurisdiction: The legal authority or control under which the contract falls.10.Arbitration: Resolving disputes outside the court system, usually through aneutral third party.11.Severability: The ability to enforce the remaining provisions of a contract even ifone part is deemed invalid.12.Amendment: Changes made to the original contract after it has been signed.13.Representations and Warranties: Statements made by one party to the otherregarding certain facts or conditions.erning Law: The specific laws that will govern the interpretation andenforcement of the contract.15.Assignment: Transfer of rights or responsibilities from one party to another.16.Liability: Legal responsibility for one’s actions or omissions.17.Remedies: The actions available to parties in case of a breach of contract.18.Confidentiality Agreement: A separate agreement that specifies the protectionof confidential information.19.Consideration: Something of value exchanged by the parties, usually money.20.Counterparty: The other party involved in the contract.These are just a few common terms used in English contract law. Familiarizing yourself with these terms will help you better understand and navigate contract documents and agreements.。
英文合同合同常用词第一节合同常用词(Usual Wording)(1)当大量接触英文合同，就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高，往往影响或决定了对合同的准确理解，下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍：一、英文合同常用虚词（Usual Function Words）1． Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词基本规则：Here 代表this，there 代表that，where 代表which 或what 即here/there/where+介词=介词+this/that/which or whatHereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此，由此，兹等意。
例句：The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods subject to the followingconditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品，条件如下：Herein：in this。
此中，于此。
例句：The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A.在此规定的最低特许权使用费应由乙方付给甲方。
Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下，在下文。
通常与 to be referred to as, referred as, called 连用。
例句： This Agreement is made and concluded on ______, (date)____(year), by and between_____(hereinafter called Party A) on the one hand and _____(hereinafter called Party B) on the other hand.本协议书于____年___月___日由_____（以下简称甲方）为一方，与_____(以下简称乙方)为另一方签订。
合同翻译常用词汇合同翻译常用词汇一、双方的基本信息- 合同签订方：Party A（甲方）和Party B（乙方）- 签约日期：Date of signing- 合同编号：Contract No.- 所在地：Place of signing二、各方身份- Party A（甲方）：[姓名/公司名称]，注册地址：[地址]，法定代表人：[姓名]- 身份证号码/统一社会信用代码：[号码]- Party B（乙方）：[姓名/公司名称]，注册地址：[地址]，法定代表人：[姓名]- 身份证号码/统一社会信用代码：[号码]三、权利与义务- Party A（甲方）的权利与义务：- 向Party B（乙方）支付合同金额；- 向Party B（乙方）提供合同规定的产品或服务；- 向Party B（乙方）提供必要的技术支持和培训；- 结束合同后收回Party B（乙方）使用的所有资料、设备、技术等资源。
- Party B（乙方）的权利与义务：- 向Party A（甲方）提供合同规定的产品或服务；- 保证所提供的产品或服务符合合同规定的质量标准；- 提供必要的技术支持和培训；- 维护所提供产品或服务的知识产权和商业秘密；- 对提供的产品或服务的质量和效果承担相应的责任；- 保管Party A（甲方）交付或提供的设备、技术、资料等资源；- 保密Party A（甲方）交付的技术、资料等资源。
四、履行方式- 履行方式：Party B（乙方）按照合同规定的期限、数量和质量履行合同义务。
- 交货方式：Party B（乙方）应将合同规定的产品或服务送到Party A（甲方）规定的地址。
- 付款方式：Party A（甲方）应按合同规定的时间和方案向Party B（乙方）支付合同金额。
五、期限- 生效日期：Effective date- 履约期限：Term of performance- 保修期限：Warranty period六、违约责任- 违约方应依法承担损害赔偿、违约金等责任；- 合同履行遇到不可抗力等因素，应及时通知对方并寻求协商解决。
合同条款常用英文词汇买方 buyer卖方 seller项目名称 Project name地址 address电话 phone传真 fax联系人 contact person本合同由买卖双方签订，依照本合同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下产品。
This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers, whereby the buyers agree to buy and the selle rs agree to sell the under-mentioned. Commodities accor ding to the terms and conditions stipulated below.1. 详细物资清单 Detail supply list2. 合同价格 Contract value序号 item 型号 model 尺寸 size, dimension 数量 amou nt, unit 单价 unit price 总价 total price 备注 remark物资，运费 freight, transportation 合同总额（含安装费与税金） Contract amount incl. VAT installation3. 付款条件 payment conditions, payment terms4. 交货地点 delivery place5. 发货期 delivery time6. 安装条款 installation clause7. 验收条款 inspection clause8. 保证条款 guarantee clause9. 不可抗拒条款 Force Majeure Clause10. 违约条款 Breach clause11. 其他条款 Miscellaneous clause12. 买卖双方信息 buyer and seller information此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。
合同协议书条款常用英文词汇文件编号TT-00-PPS-GGB-USP-UYY-0089合同条款常用英文词汇买方 buyer卖方 seller项目名称 Project name地址 address电话 phone传真 fax联系人 contact person本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下产品。
This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers, whereby the buyers agree to buy and the sellers ag ree to sell the under-mentioned. Commodities according t o the terms and conditions stipulated below.1. 详细货物清单 Detail supply list2. 合同价格 Contract value序号 item 型号 model 尺寸 size, dimension 数量 amount, unit 单价 unit price 总价 total price 备注 remark 货物，运费 freight, transportation 合同总额（含安装费与税金） Contr act amount incl. VAT installation3. 付款条件 payment conditions, payment terms4. 交货地点 delivery place5. 发货期 delivery time6. 安装条款 installation clause7. 验收条款 inspection clause8. 保证条款 guarantee clause9. 不可抗拒条款 Force Majeure Clause10. 违约条款 Breach clause11. 其他条款 Miscellaneous clause12. 买卖双方信息 buyer and seller information此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。
30个英文合同常用词汇与术语Scope of services 服务范围Professional fees 服务费用Invoices/Billing 发票/账单Taxes 税务Intellectual property 知识产权Duties on third party contracts 对第三方合同的义务Service provider and service recipient personnel 服务提供商和服务接收方的人员Records/rights of audit 记录/审计权利Indemnification and limitation of liability 免责赔偿和责任限额Service standards 服务标准Exclusivity 排他性Assignment and sub-letting 转让和分包Performance 义务的履行Change of control 控制权变化Compliance with laws and regulations 遵守法律和法规Severability 可分割性Governing law and jurisdiction 适用法律和管辖机构Entire agreement 完整协议Waiver 弃权Force majeure 不可抗力Third party rights 第三方权利Scope of services 服务范围Conflict resolution procedures 冲突解决程序Confidentiality agreement 保密协议General obligations 基本义务Title, risk, inspection and acceptance 所有权，风险，检验和接受Price and price reviews 价格和价格调整Invoicing and payment 发票和付款Termination 终止Termination of purchase contract 合同的终止。
法律英语合同条款常用英文词汇买方 buyer卖方 seller项目名称 Project name地址 address电话 phone传真 fax联系人 contact person本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下产品。
This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers，whereby the buyers agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned. Commodities according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.1. 详细货物清单 Detail supply list2. 合同价格 Contract value序号 item 型号 model 尺寸 size， dimension 数量 amount，unit 单价 unit price 总价 total price 备注 remark 货物，运费freight， transportation 合同总额（含安装费与税金） Contract amount incl. VAT installation3. 付款条件 payment conditions， payment terms4. 交货地点 delivery place5. 发货期 delivery time6. 安装条款 installation clause7. 验收条款 inspection clause8. 保证条款 guarantee clause9. 不可抗拒条款 Force Majeure Clause10. 违约条款 Breach clause11. 其他条款 Miscellaneous clause12. 买卖双方信息 buyer and seller information此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。
合同条款常用英文词汇买方 buyer卖方 seller项目名称 Project name地址 address电话 phone传真 fax联系人 contact person本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下产品。
This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers, whereby the bu yers agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned. Commoditie s according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.1. 详细货物清单 Detail supply list2. 合同价格 Contract value序号 item 型号 model 尺寸 size, dimension 数量 amount, unit 单价 unit price 总价 total price 备注 remark 货物，运费 freight, transportation 合同总额（含安装费与税金） Contract amount incl. VAT installation3. 付款条件 payment conditions, payment terms4. 交货地点 delivery place5. 发货期 delivery time6. 安装条款 installation clause7. 验收条款 inspection clause8. 保证条款 guarantee clause9. 不可抗拒条款 Force Majeure Clause10. 违约条款 Breach clause11. 其他条款 Miscellaneous clause12. 买卖双方信息 buyer and seller information此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。
英文合同常用词英文合同是商务沟通中的重要工具。
为了避免在合同中出现歧义或者造成误解，需要掌握相关的英文合同常用词汇。
本文将介绍一些常见的英文合同词汇，包括合同类型、合同条款、合同解释和合同终止等方面。
合同类型在商务活动中，有多种类型的合同，如以下所列：•Purchase Agreement：购买协议，表示双方达成购买协议，卖方同意提供产品或服务给买方。
•Sales Agreement：销售协议，表示双方达成销售协议，买方同意购买卖方的产品或服务。
•Employment Contract：雇佣合同，记录员工雇佣前后的雇佣条件和责任，并规定雇佣期限。
•Service Agreement：服务协议，表示卖方将为买方提供特定的服务和支持。
•Lease Agreement：租赁合同，表示出租方同意将物业租给承租方，并规定租期、租金和物业使用条款。
•Non-Disclosure Agreement：保密协议，协议方之间约定保密内容和保密期限。
•Partnership Agreement：合伙协议，表示两个或多个人合作开展业务，并规定合伙条件和责任。
以上是常见的几种英文合同类型。
每一种合同都有特定的目的和内容，可以根据具体的商务活动选择适合的合同类型。
合同条款在英文合同中，有多个常见的条款内容。
以下是一些常见的英文合同条款：•Term：合同期限，表示合同生效和有效期。
•Payment Terms：支付条款，定义买方对产品或服务的支付方式和时间点。
•Warranty：保证，对产品或服务的质量、性能和功能进行保证。
•Force Majeure：不可抗力，表示因自然灾害、战争或其他原因导致的无法履行合同的情况。
•Termination：终止，规定合同终止的条件和程序。
•Jurisdiction：管辖条款，表示合同履行时所适用的法律和管辖权。
这些条款涵盖多个方面，如时间、付款、保证、维护和解决争议等。
了解这些条款和相关的英文用语将有助于准确理解合同内容。
合同条款常用的英文词汇合同条款常用的英文词汇买方 buyer 卖方 seller 项目名称 Project name地址 address 电话 phone 传真 fax联系人 contact person本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下产品。
This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers, whereby the buyers agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned. Commodities according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.1. 详细货物清单 Detail supply list2. 合同价格 Contract value序号 item 型号 model 尺寸 size, dimension 数量 amount, unit 单价unit price 总价total price 备注remark 货物，运费freight, transportation 合同总额（含安装费与税金） Contract amount incl. VAT installation3. 付款条件 payment conditions, payment terms4. 交货地点 delivery place5. 发货期 delivery time6. 安装条款 installation clause7. 验收条款 inspection clause8. 保证条款 guarantee clause9. 不可抗拒条款 Force Majeure Clause10. 违约条款 Breach clause11. 其他条款 Miscellaneous clause12. 买卖双方信息 buyer and seller information此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。
英文合同常用词1.订立、变更合同动词 Make a contract / Enter into / form / create / conclude / execute /covenant名词 the making of / the conclusion of a contract / the entry into contract / the formation of / the creation of / the conclusion of / the execution of a contract / covenantThis agreement/contract is made and entered into 8th of August, 2008 by and between Party A and Party B.2.合同的终止、解除、撤销terminate a contract通常指合同在约定期满前终止履行，可双方同意而作出，也指一方因另一方违约而行使的一种救济权。
美国“终止”指合同各方未违反合同约定而依法终止合同。
cancel a contact因另一方违约而解除合同，其效力差不多等同于terminate，不同是撤销方仍有权对整个合同或中未履行部分主张救济。
discharge a contract合同当事人的合同关系已终止。
rescind a contract免除当事人之间的合同义务，将当事人各自地位复原到合同订立之前状态。
revoke a contract即以取消或撤回的方式废止或宣布无效。
出于行为人的意愿，即主动发出的行为。
<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center">合同中常用词及句型</div>1.常用虚词 shall, notwithstanding, as, foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above mentioned, according to, under, subject to, in accordance with, as per, as provided in, pursuant, under or in accordance with the agreement, as provided herein, as provided in hereof, include but not limited to, with prejudice, whereas, hereof, hereto, herein, hereby, hereinafter, hereunder, thereof,forthwith, the following, as follows, as of the date of, hereunder.1.1shall 应该，必须。
英文合同常用词汇表大全常用词汇：1. Parties: 双方2. Basic Information: 基本信息3. Identity: 身份4. Rights: 权利5. Obligations: 义务6. Performance: 履行方式7. Term: 期限8. Breach: 违约9. Liability: 责任10. Compliance: 遵守11. Applicable Law: 相关法律12. Effectiveness: 法律效力13. Enforceability: 可执行性14. Other provisions: 其他条款Sample clauses:1. Parties: This Agreement is entered into by and between ABC and XYZ, collectively referred to as the "Parties".2. Basic Information: The Parties agree to provide and enter into this Agreement for the purpose of [insert purpose].3. Identity: Mr. X, the designated representative of ABC, has the authority to enter into this Agreement on behalf of ABC, and Mr. Y, the designated representative of XYZ, has the authority to enter into this Agreement on behalf of XYZ.4. Rights and Obligations: ABC shall be responsible for [insert responsibilities or rights] while XYZ shall be responsible for [insert responsibilities or rights].5. Performance: The Parties shall perform their respective obligations under this Agreement in accordance with the terms set forth herein.6. Term: This Agreement shall commence on the date of execution and shall continue for [insert term].7. Breach: In the event of a breach of this Agreement by either Party, the non-breaching Party shall have the right to [insert remedies or termination clause].8. Liability: The Parties acknowledge that any breach of this Agreement may result in damages and losses to thenon-breaching Party, and the breaching Party shall be responsible for any damages and losses resulting from such breach.9. Compliance: The Parties agree to comply with all applicable laws and regulations in connection with the performance of this Agreement.10. Applicable Law: This Agreement shall be subject to and governed by the laws of [insert jurisdiction], and any dispute arising out of or in connection with this Agreement shall be resolved through arbitration in accordance with the rules of [insert arbitration organization].11. Effectiveness: This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective successors and assigns.12. Enforceability: If any provision of this Agreement is found to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect.13. Other provisions: This Agreement shall not be modified or amended except in writing signed by both Parties. This Agreement constitutes the entire understanding between the Parties and supersedes all prior negotiations, agreements, and understandings, whether written or oral.以上为样例条款，需要根据实际需要进行调整。
Assemble 集合装配Kit 装配工具箱Affiliates 附属的Accessories 附件attachment Assemble integrated package 组装集成包装Specification list 标准列表Territory 区域BPH 前列腺增生benign prostatic hyperplasia Premises 前提Covenant 契约盟约Hereinafter 以下adv Intellectual property right 知识产权IPR Goodwill 商誉友好know-how 技术诀窍Jurisdiction 审判权司法权Diode 二极管Subassembly 组件部件Exclusive 独有的Injunctive 命令的禁止令Provision 规定条款Equity 公平Arbitration 仲裁Sublicense 从属证书Estoppel 禁止禁止发言Obligation 义务职责Statutory 法定的Warranty 保证担保授权Subsection 分段部分Pursuant 依据根据Insolvency 破产bankruptcy Liability insurance 责任险Indemnifications 保证赔偿Exemplary 惩戒的典范的Tort 侵权行为Aggregate 总计集合Compliance 顺城承诺Bribery 贿赂Entity 实体，存在，本质Hereto 关于这个Construe 分析，解释，翻译Severability 可分割性Majeure 不可抵抗力Facsimile 传真复写FAX Controversy 争论Conduct 进行管理导电Duly 适当的充分的Miscellaneous 各种的混杂的DB---decibel 分贝Consecutive 连续Attenuation 衰减变薄Lithotripsy 碎石术Pulverization 粉末化Situ 原地Vaporization 汽化Resection 切割Solidification 凝固Compatible 兼容的Ureteral 输尿管Distal 外径末端Intrapelvic 骨盆内的Detachable 可拆分的Sheath 鞘，护套Endoscope 内窥镜Motionless 静止的Hydronephrosis 肾盂积水Dissolution 分解，溶解Pixel 显示器的像素picture element Ureterorenocopes 软镜Hemostasis 止血Manifestation 临床。
合同条款常用英文词汇买方buyer卖方seller项目名称Project name地址address电话phone传真fax联系人contact person本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下产品。
This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers, whereby the buyers ag ree to buy and the sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned. Commodities according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.1. 详细货物清单Detail supply list2. 合同价格Contract value序号item 型号model 尺寸size, dimension 数量amount, unit 单价unit price 总价total price 备注remark 货物，运费freight, transportation 合同总额（含安装费与税金）Contract amount incl. VAT installation3. 付款条件payment conditions, payment terms4. 交货地点delivery place5. 发货期delivery time6. 安装条款installation clause7. 验收条款inspection clause8. 保证条款guarantee clause9. 不可抗拒条款Force Majeure Clause10. 违约条款Breach clause11. 其他条款Miscellaneous clause12. 买卖双方信息buyer and seller information此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。
合同条款常用英文词汇买方buyer卖方seller项目名称Project name地址address电话phone传真fax联系人contact person本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下产品。
This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers, whereby the buyers agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned. Commodi ties according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.1. 详细货物清单Detail supply list2. 合同价格Contract value序号item 型号model 尺寸size, dimension 数量amount, unit 单价unit price 总价total price 备注remark 货物，运费freight, transportation 合同总额（含安装费与税金）Contract amount incl. VAT installation3. 付款条件payment conditions, payment terms4. 交货地点delivery place5. 发货期delivery time6. 安装条款installation clause7. 验收条款inspection clause8. 保证条款guarantee clause9. 不可抗拒条款Force Majeure Clause10. 违约条款Breach clause11. 其他条款Miscellaneous clause12. 买卖双方信息buyer and seller information此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。
英文合同常用词、短语和句型1.订立、变更合同动词 Make a contract / Enter into / form / create / conclude / execute /covenant名词 the making of / the conclusion of a contract / the entry into contract / the formation of / the creation of / the conclusion of / the execution of a contract / covenantThis agreement/contract is made and entered into 8th of August, 2008 by and between Party A and Party B.2.合同的终止、解除、撤销terminate a contract通常指合同在约定期满前终止履行，可双方同意而作出，也指一方因另一方违约而行使的一种救济权。
美国“终止”指合同各方未违反合同约定而依法终止合同。
cancel a contact因另一方违约而解除合同，其效力基本等同于terminate，不同是撤销方仍有权对整个合同或中未履行部分主张救济。
discharge a contract合同当事人的合同关系已终止。
rescind a contract免除当事人之间的合同义务，将当事人各自地位恢复到合同订立之前状态。
revoke a contract即以取消或撤回的方式废止或宣布无效。
出于行为人的意愿，即主动发出的行为。
<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center">合同中常用词及句型</div>1.常用虚词 shall, notwithstanding, as, foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above mentioned, according to, under, subject to, in accordance with, as per, as provided in, pursuant, under or in accordance with the agreement, as provided herein, as provided in hereof, include but not limited to, with prejudice, whereas, hereof, hereto, herein, hereby, hereinafter, hereunder, thereof,forthwith, the following, as follows, as of the date of, hereunder.1.1shall 应该，必须。
有时也可用will，但力度比较弱should 在法律文件里往往用作“if”表示如果之意1.2Notwithsanding=in spite of, despite. 放句首1.3as1.3.1. as the case may be (视情况而定)， as the case may require(视具体要求而定)1.3.2. as + provide/stipluate,set forth, prescribe 表“依照什么规定”As provided 短语含义相当于 in accordance withThe venture may relocate its office from time to time as the Venturers may require.1.3.3 such……as…构成极具代表性的表达 such date as a resonable in the circumstances (as这里可以换成that).1.4 foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, abovementioned. 一般放在名词之前做限定，意思相同，都做“上述的”或“前述的”讲。
合同中只要重复第一次提到的姓名或名称，即可将上述词放在合同内名词之前。
如果想用动词短语表达，可将mentioned above 放在名词先行词后。
要限定或重复某事，也可用Something in question表达1.5 依照什么规定According to (最少用), under, subject to, in accordance with, as per, as provided in, prusuant to, under or in accordance with the agreement, as provided herein.Pursuant to Article 8 of the contract=pursuant to Article 8 hereof. 具体条款放在contract前不用of连接；也可用hereof, thereof直接放在具体条款之后.1.6 including but not limited to, including, without limitation 以及including by way of illustration but not limitation. “包括但不限于”1.7 prior to, no later than, on or before. “在**日前，提前多少日”1.8 as follows, as below, the following. “下列”NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows/as bellow.1.9 without prejudice to, with prejudice. “在不损害什么的规定/情况下，不使受损害”“和有损，有偏见”1.10 hereof, hereto, hereunto, herein, hereby, hereinafter, hereinbefore, hereunder, thereof, wherebyHere指该合同或协议There 指另一合同或协议1.11 attributable to, by virture of, on account of (相当于普通英语中due to, because of)1.12 in lieu of. “替代”相当于普通英语中的instead of.1.13 hereinafter referred to as, hereinafter called, herein referred to as. “以下简称”1.14 unless otherwise 一半后面紧跟动词，除非另…（比“if not”“otherwise”正式）Unless otherwise specified in the contract/ L/C除非另有规定unless otherwise expressly agreed by 除非另有约定1.15 in respect of 关于, 比 about, concerning, as regards正式in respect thereof 表示上文已提及的事项时使用1.16 in the event that, in the event of 如果…发生，比when更正式1.17 provided that: 但规定，规定；但是。
常用于合同的某一条款需要做进步一规定时，或作规定时语气上表示转折。
中译英时候注意。
1.18 be deemed: 比be believed, be considered正式1.19 in question, under consideration, being talked about. 该，这The matters in question 该事项1.20 in case, the (the)case of: 如果，含“一旦、万一”之意。
1.21 be liable for sth, be liable to sb, be responsible in accordance with law. 对某事人负有责任1.22 know all men by these presents根据本文件，特此宣布; undersigned法律文件签署者，前面加the，是指文件签署者的自称Now Therefore 特此，因此。
一般接whereas之后，为引出具体协议事项的常用开头词，并与其后的hereby连用，可译成“兹”“特此”2常用的实义词2.1provide, stipulate, prescribe, discribed, set forth. 表示“规定”名词分别为provision, stipulation, prescription2.2represent, warrant, undertake, guarantee “保证”。
Represent 和warrant连用，出现在合同中声明和保障部分。
Party A hereby represents and warrants to party B that. 甲方向乙方声明并保证。
2.3principle place of business, domicile, business premise“主营业地”“住所”“营业场所”2.4annex/annexes, appendix/appendices, schedule/schedules, addendum/addenda. “附件”其中annex还有“吞并、合并”的意思。
2.5chapter, article, section, clause, paragraph, subparagraph. 章chapter, 条article/(section/clause美国合同),款paragraph,项subparagrahp2.6有权做shall/will have the right to do; (可用may do代替)be entitled to do (可用may do代替)reserve the right to do—专指“保留行使做什么的权利”be (duly) authorised to do / have the authority to do 经授权have the authority to dodo sth. At one’s opti onbe at liberty to do—指由行为人自主决定做什么2.7有责任有义务做Have the legal obligationto doBe obliged toShall doBe under the obligation to doShall be liable to do.2.8effect 合同英语中一般指“实现”“完成”2.9couterpart, copy, duplicate, original一式三份 is made in 3 origianls/ couterpart,/copy/duplicate 2.10incur “招致”相当于普通英语中cause2.11to-wit法律专用于，意思等于中文的“即”，同普通英语中的that is to day(i.e)2.12sanction（很少用）, approval批准2.13do sth. In its entirety “全部，整个做什么” do sth. Totally, do sth as a whole.2.14Mortgage相当于我国法律中的“抵押”Lien相当于“留置”Security相当于“担保、保证”a secuired land一块设定担保的土地，a secuired money保证还款Charege；指给土地等财产设定的保证付款的债权Pledge: 保证；为支付由转移人发生的债务将动产转移，作为担保的方式；承典人对所收典物享有的权利（典权）Encumbrance指给财产设定的债券，例如租赁、抵押、限制性契约、收取房租等。
