2021版江苏专用高考英语二轮复习讲义： 第1部分 专题1 第10讲 代词和名词

类型3| 科普知识(对应学生用书第62页)考察要点方法技巧1.科学现象、概念、定义、类别等。

2．事物的性质、特点、原理、用途等。

3．事物或现象产生的原因、过程、演变。

4．相似事物间的异同。

1.理清说明顺序：时间、空间、逻辑顺序。

2．把握文章构造：并列式、承接式、递进式、总分式。

3．认清说明方法：下定义、举事例、作比拟、打比方等。

(2021·江苏高考卷)Before birth，babies can tell thedifference between loud sounds and voices.They can evendistinguish their mother's voice from that of a femalestranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教)，birdscould rule_the_roost．As recently reported in The Auk：Ornithological Ad v ances，some mother birds may teach theiryoung to sing even before they hatch(孵化)．New-born chickscan then imitate their mom's call within a few days of entering the world.This educational method was first observed in 2021 by Sonia Kleindorfer，a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia，and her colleagues.Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs.When the eggs were hatched，the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me！〞call.To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds，the researchers sought the red­backed fairy wren，another species of Australian songbird.First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching.Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes.A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks，ranking them by similarity.It turns out that baby red­backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms.And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs，the more similar were the babies' begging calls.In addition，the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food.This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的)strengths of children to parents.An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.“As a parent，do you invest in quality children，or do you invest in children that are in need？〞Kleindorfer asks.“Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.〞58．The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “________〞．A．be the worst B．be the bestC．be just as bad D．be just as good59．What are Kleindorfer's findings based on?A．Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.B．The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.C．The data collected from Queensland's locals.D．Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.60．Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which________．A．can receive quality signals B．are in need of trainingC．fit the environment better D．make the loudest call【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普类的说明文。

Units 3－4A．根据汉语提示完成以下句子1．After all things had been discussed，the meeting was (完毕) with the applause.2．His parents' (反响) to the news was surprisingly calm.3．Science has made great progress in the (预防) of many diseases.4．It's a (致命的) poison and if he drank it，he'd probably die.5．It is very (体贴的) of you to give us some books to read to kill the time during the long journey.6．He was one of 30 (申请者) for the manager's job.7．I ask you not to get (涉及) in this kind of matter.It' s none of your business.8．If you (疑心) a gas leak，don't strike a match or even turn on an electric light.9．It is difficult to (评估) the effects of the new tax system for the moment.10．The teacher made a (要求) that all the students should be well prepared for the exam.【答案】8．suspectB．用所给词的适当形式填空11．Until he in it did he realize that it was a ．(trap)12．It is really fun to take a and in the sunlight.(bath)【导学号：36742151】13．of the fact that the old man had lost ，he sent for a doctor immediately.(unconscious)14．Your is reasonable，but it must be put into practice.(theory)15．When he had the medical ，he had his lungs carefully.(inspect) 【答案】11.was trapped；trap12.bath；bathe 13．Conscious; consciousness 14.theory; theoretically15.inspection；inspectedA．补全以下短语1．burst on the scene 突然出现2．wipe away 消除，去除3．over again 再，重新4．put into effect 使生效，实施5．contrary to 与……相反6．cheat sb.of sth. 向某人骗取某物7．turn down 调低(音量)，拒绝8．join with (与……)合作；联合9．lose sb.to．.. 因……而失去某人10．be related to 与……有关11．have a hatred for 对……憎恨12．in the first place 首先13．have difficulty in doing 做……有困难14．subscribe to 同意；订阅15．be faced with 面临16．act as 充当17．warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事18．break into 闯入，破门而入19．take measures 采取措施20．in face of 面对……，不顾……B．选用上述短语填空21．Local schools have each other to share facilities.22．The new law won't until next year.23．The thieves waited until it was dark enough the house.24．Our living environment becomes worse and worse.It is time for us to stop pollution.25．When we a challenge，we usually have two choices.26．The bus will stop wherever ．27．One's mind works fast danger.28．She did the work so badly that I had to do it myself.29．Well，，I can't afford it，and in the second place，I'm not really interested.【答案】21.joined forces with22.be put into effect23.to break into24.to take measures 25．are faced with26.by request27.in face of28．over again29.in the first placeA．阅读以下句子，并体会黑体局部的用法1．Do not leave any medicine lying around in the house so that children can get it.在屋内不要把药随处乱放，以免孩子们拿到。

第一讲时态和语态(对应学生用书第3页)1．(2021·江苏高考卷)He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he ________．A．was being followed B．was followingC．had been followed D．followedA[句意：他匆匆回家，一次也没有回头看看是否正被跟踪。

这里if引导的宾语从句用过去进展时表示过去某一时刻(hurried home)正在进展的动作。

又因he与follow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。

] 2．(2021·江苏高考卷)He's been informed that he ________ for the scholarship because of his academic background.A．hasn't qualified B．hadn't qualifiedC．doesn't qualify D．wasn't qualifyingC[句意：他被告知，因为其教育背景，他没有资格获得这笔奖学金。

根据语境可知，此处描述的是客观事实，因此使用一般现在时。

]【导学号：25874000】3．(2021 ·江苏高考卷)The real reason why prices ________，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.A．were B．will beC．have been D．had beenA[句意：物价为什么(过去)很高，现在依然很高的真正原因很复杂，不是一个简短的讨论就可以满意地解释这个问题的。

根据后面的still are可知，此处是和“现在〞比照，故用一般过去时。

第四讲名词性从句(对应学生用书第12页)1．(2021·江苏高考卷)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of________ it used to charge.A．that B．whichC．what D．howC[句意：我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是他们过去所收价格的一半。

空处在句中引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中作charge的宾语，因此只能选择what。

half of what it used to charge“它过去所收价格的一半〞。

]2．(2021·江苏高考卷)It is often the case________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A．why B．what C．as D．thatD[句意：通常，对于那些心怀希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。

it在句中是形式主语，that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope是主语从句，在句中作真正的主语。

由于主语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，故用that引导主语从句。

]3．(2021·江苏高考卷)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame，Mum.I am________ you have made me.A．how B．what C．that D．whoB[句意：——真是一团糟！你总是这么懒！——妈妈，不该责备我。

我是你培养的。

what引导表语从句，且在从句中充当宾语补足语，意为“……样子的人〞。

]【导学号：25874007】4．(2021·北京高考卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing________ she was heading.A．why B．where C．how D．whenB[句意：简漫无目的地沿着绿树成荫的街道往前走，不知道要去哪里。

第十一讲介词和介词短语(对应学生用书第32页)1．(2021·江苏高考卷)Determining where we are________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.A．in contrast to B．in defense ofC．in face of D．in relation toD[句意：根据我们周围的环境来确定自己身在何处，这是我们生存的一项必不可少的技能。

in relation to“与……相关；涉及〞，符合句意。

in contrast to“与……相比拟〞；in defense of“防卫，为……辩护〞；in face of“面对〞。

]2．(2021 ·江苏高考卷)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around________ Thomas Edison.A．thanks to B．regardless ofC．aside from D．but forD[句意：要不是托马斯·爱迪生，现在许多让我们受益的东西也许就不会在我们身边了。

thanks to由于；regardless of不顾，不管；aside from除……之外；but for要不是。

]3．(2021·江苏高考卷)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay________．A．in place B．in orderC．in shape D．in fashionC[句意：汤姆总是在早晨慢跑，他也经常做俯卧撑来保持身材。

in place 在正确的位置；in order有序，有条理；in shape安康状况良好；in fashion流行。

(对应学生用书第55页) 类型1| 广告宣传(对应学生用书第55页)考察要点方法技巧1.广告宣传的目的。

2．广告中提及的时间、地点、人物。

3．所介绍的事物、产品的特征。

4．所宣传的活动、工程的内容及其作用。

，了解大意。

2．找准关键词、关键句，把握住细节。

3．通过分析、比照，筛选出可用信息。

(2021·江苏高考卷，A)-Learning：An Alternative Learning OpportunityDay School ProgramSecondary students across Toronto District School Board (TDSB) are invited to take one or two e-Learning courses on their day school timetable.Students will remain on the roll at their day school.The on­line classroom provides an innovative，relevant and interactive learning environment.The courses and on-line classroom are provided by the Ministry of Education.These on­line courses：are taught by TDSB secondary school teachers；are part of the TDSB student's timetable；and，appear on the student's report upon completion.Benefits of e-LearningInclude：access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school；able to regularly use a computer or mobile device with Internet access. Students need to spend at least as much time with their on-line course work as they would in a face-to-face classroom course.A．they are given by best TDSB teachersB．they are not on the day school timetableC．they are not included on students' reportsD．they are an addition to TDSB courses57．What do students need to do before completing e-Learning courses?A．To learn information technology on­line.B．To do their assignments independently.C．To update their mobile devices regularly.D．To talk face to face with their teachers.【语篇解读】本文是一那么广告。

类型6| 文化教育(对应学生用书第74页)考察要点方法技巧1．文章的主题。

2．所述文化教育的开展、特点、功能。

3．不同文化教育间的异同、优点及缺点。

4．价值观、道德观、风俗习惯的形成。

1．抓住文章的内在逻辑关系，理清脉络。

2．定位关键信息词、主题句，明确主旨。

3．重点关注所述对象的特征，并进展归纳概括。

(2021·天津高考，C)When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had him weeding the garden，carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction, a better t of all, he was happier.Far happier.These are the findings of a 40­year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston.The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，〞said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery.“And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.〞Vaillant's study followed these males in great detail.Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47.Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's mental­health scores with their boyhood­activity scores.Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school，and ability to deal with problems.The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp．Those who had done the most boyhood activities weretwice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people，five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.Working—at any age—activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (根底) of emotional health.They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.Yet work isn't everything.As Tolstoy once said，“One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work.〞1．What do we know about John?A．He enjoyed his career and marriage.B．He had few childhood playmates.C．He received little love from his family.D．He was envied by others in his childhood.2．Vaillant's words in Paragraph 2 serve as ________．A．a description of personal values and social valuesB．an analysis of how work was related to competenceC．an example for parents' expectations of their childrenD．an explanation why some boys grew into happy men3．Vaillant's team obtained their findings by ________．A．recording the boys' effort in schoolB．evaluating the men's mental healthC．comparing different sets of scoresD．measuring the men's problem solving ability4．What does the underlined word “sharp〞probably mean in Paragraph 4?A．Quick to react.B．Having a thin edge.C．Clear and definite.D．Sudden and rapid.5．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A．Competent adults know more about love than work.B．Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.C．Love brings more joy to people than work does.D．Independence is the key to one's success.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。