推荐K12学习2019版高考英语一轮复习精细化学通语法第二讲冠词讲义

专题二名词和冠词一、名词[全国卷考情分析]题型典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2021·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend ,... ,has had someunintended side effects(effect) such as overweightand heart disease－the very thing the medicalcommunity was trying to fight.2．(2021·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was onlypossible with the introduction(introduce) ofelectric­powered engines and lifts.1.给知名词提示词 ,考查名词的数；2．给其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)提示词 ,填写名词；3．名词的固定搭配 .短文改错1.(2021·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeatingthe word→words , "Speed up !〞 "Slow down !〞【导学号：33220217】2．(2021·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides ,they often get someuseful informations→information from theInternet.1.可数名词单复数的错用；2．混淆名词的可数与不可数 .(对应学生用书第174页)名词的数Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2021·四川 (高|考 ))Any smell might attract natural enemies(enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.2．(2021·淄博二模)He lost all his keys(key) to the doors ,so he had to get them opened by force.Ⅱ.单句改错Though we are now out of danger ,the broken bridge is still great danger to car drivers.great前加a[再解读要点]名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词 .普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词 .可数名词有单数和复数之分 , 不可数名词没有单复数之分 .1．可数名词复数的变化规那么(1)名词复数的规那么变化①单复数同形：deer ,sheep ,Chinese ,means(方式 , 方法) ,series ,species②词形变化：man →men ,woman →women ,child →children ,tooth →teeth ,foot →feet ,mouse →mice ,ox →oxen③合成名词的复数：passer­by →passers­by ,looker ­on →lookers ­on ,grown ­up →grown ­ups ,stand ­by →stand ­bys④名词前有man 或woman 修饰 ,变复数时 ,作定语的man/woman 和中|心词都要变为复数形式 .如：woman doctor →women doctors ,man waiter →men waiters(3)常以复数形式出现的名词：thanks ,congratulations ,trousers ,works(著作；工厂) ,manners(礼貌) ,spirits(情绪) ,instructions(操作说明) ,directions(用法说明) ,papers(试卷 , 文件) ,times(时代)等 .2．抽象名词具体化⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧experience[U]经验an experience[C]一次经历 ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧surprise[U]惊奇a surprise[C]一个/次令人吃惊的人或事 ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧pleasure[U]愉快a pleasure[C]一件乐事 ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧success[U]成功a success[C]一个 (件 )成功的人或事⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧comfort[U]抚慰a comfort[C]一个 (件 )令人抚慰的人或事名词的固定搭配Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I have no hesitation(hesitate) in recommending her for the job.2．(江西 (高|考 ))Whenever I made mistakes(mistake) ,the teacher pointed them outwith patience.Ⅱ.单句改错Many parents in China always attach too much important to words ,ordering their children to do this or that.important →importance【导学号：33220218】[再解读要点]名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类： "动词＋名词＋介词〞和 "介词＋名词〞 .常考的高频短语：1．介词＋名词with patience 耐心地by chance/accident 偶然at a loss 不知所措in advance 提前in favor of 支持 , 赞成 on purpose 成心地beyond recognition 无法识别in great demand 需求量很大2．动词＋名词＋介词have/gain access to 可以获得take advantage of 利用 , 趁……之机make use of 利用find fault with 挑……的错keep pace with 与……同步put an end to 结束……take notice of 注意到catch sight of 看见do damage to 损害……attach importance to 重视……take the place of 取代 , 代替take pride in以……自豪take possession of占有make preparations for为……做准备make contributions to对……做出奉献[技法点拨]二、冠词[全国卷考情分析]far from the school ,and it takes them about a→an/one hour and a half to go to work every day.2．(2021·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in 错误! picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments. 2．不定冠词a(n)和定冠词the 的错用；3．单数可数名词前冠词的缺失；4．冠词的多余；5．常见固定搭配中冠词的缺失与多余 .(对应学生用书第176页)不定冠词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2021·重庆一中月考) "The match between these two teams is great ,〞 said Jim ,andI hope to see a second.2．(2021·四川 (高|考 ))Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to bea Beethoven.【导学号：33220219】Ⅱ.单句改错(2021·山东临沭一中月考)In the car park there Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.在第二个car前加a[再解读要点]不定冠词用于表示泛指 ,一般修饰单数可数名词 ,有a和an两种形式 .当紧跟冠词的名词的第|一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时 ,用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词的第|一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时 ,用不定冠词an .1．不定冠词的根本用法(1)用作可数名词单数前 ,泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个 .It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗 .(2)用在专有名词前表示 "某一个〞相当于a certain .-Excuse me ,would you please give the iPad to John?- -打搅一下 ,请你把这个iPad给约翰好吗 ?-Sorry ,but I don't think there's a John in our class. - -对不起 ,但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的 .(3)用在 "be＋of＋a/an＋名词〞结构中 ,表示 "同一 ,相同〞时 ,相当于of thesame＋名词 .The two plants look different ,but they are of a kind (＝of the same kind)．这两种植物看上去不同 ,但属于同一类 .2．不定冠词的活用(1)用于序数词前 ,表示 "又一 ,再一〞 .(北京 (高|考 ))First impressions are the most lasting.After all ,you neverget a second chance to make a first impression.最||初的印象最||持久 .毕竟 , 你不可能有时机给别人再留下一个第|一印象 .(2)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前 ,常考的具体化的抽象名词：success ,failure ,surprise ,pleasure ,beauty ,pity ,danger ,comfort ,honour等 .(山东 (高|考 ))Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those toughtimes.在艰苦的时期 ,能够买得起一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的事 .(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge ,collection ,understanding等后面加of...时 ,前面需用不定冠词a/an .have a (good) knowledge of... "精通……〞；have a(clear/good) understanding of... "了解……〞 .(2021·烟台模拟)If you don't have a good knowledge of English ,it's out ofthe question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.如果你不精通英语 ,那么何谈灵活而流利地运用它呢 !3．用于固定搭配中all of a sudden突然地as a matter of fact事实上at a loss不知所措；困惑 pay a visit to参观；拜访be/go on a diet节食 give sb.a lift让某人搭便车make a fool of 愚弄 in a hurry匆忙地make a living谋生 a waste of...浪费once in a while偶尔 keep an eye on 留意；留神have a gift for在……方面有天赋have a word with与……谈话in a way从某种意义上说as a result/consequence 因此定冠词Ⅰ.单句改错(2021·江西南昌联考)They only eat what they like and never touch food they don't like even if they really need it for their health.food前加theⅡ.单句语法填空1．(2021·山东寿光现代中学月考)The unsuccessful person ,on the other hand ,works little and just waits to see them pass by.2．比较应用①Xiamen is the most beautiful coastal city I have ever seen so that I will come again.②Qingdao is a most beautiful coastal city and I believe I will come fora second time.[再解读要点]1．定冠词的根本用法(1)指双方都知道的人或物 ,或特指的人或物的名词前 .(2021·重庆 (高|考 ))I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed bya gunman wearing a mask.我刚刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了 .(2)用于某些形容词或分词前 ,表示一类人 .(2021·四川 (高|考 ))We're not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.我们并不是说每个人都需要为穷人奉献自己的一切 .(3)用于序数词、形容词、副词的最||高级||以及形容词only ,very ,same前 ,以及对两个人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级||前 .(陕西 (高|考 ))As is known to all ,the People's Republic of China is the,中华人民共和国是世|界上最||大的开展中国|家 .This book is the better one of the two.这本书是这两者中较好的那一本 .易错警示a与most连用 ,位于形容词前时 ,most是表示程度的副词 ,意为 "非常〞；the与most连用 ,位于形容词或副词前时 ,most是最||高级||的标志 ,意为 "最||……的〞 ."按……计算〞 .但size ,weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词 .He was surprised to find that books are sold by weight in this bookstore ,thatis ,by the kilogram.他惊奇地发现在这家书店书是按重量来卖 ,也就是说是按公斤来卖的 .(5)用于 "动词(hit ,strike ,pull ,take等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名词〞结构中 , 其中的the不可用物主代词代替 .hit sb.on the head 打某人的头y the hand拉/抓住某人的手strike sb.in the face打某人的脸2．用于固定搭配中at the moment 此刻 ,目前 by the way顺便说一下in the way 阻碍；挡路 in the distance在远处not in the least 一点也不 on the contrary与此相反the other day 几天之前on the other hand另一方面to the point中肯；切题 take the place of 代替go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧in the habit of有……的习惯make the most/best of 充分利用to tell (you) the truth(跟你)说实话for the time being 暂时零冠词单句改错1．(2021·四川成都外国语学校月考)I told him I could not go to the college becauseI did not want to study anymore.去掉the2．(2021·福建福州十三中期中)How are you ?Today I've got a wonderful news to tell you.去掉a3．Sam has been appointed the manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.去掉manager前的the[再解读要点]1．零冠词的根本用法(1)用于不含普通名词的纯专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、不可数名词或复数名词前 .(2021·福建 (高|考 ))Human life is regarded as part of nature and ,as such ,the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.人类生活被认为是自然的一局部 ,因此我们生存的唯一方式就是要与自然和谐相处 .(江西 (高|考 ))The Smiths don't usually like staying at hotels ,but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆 ,但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天 .(2)名词前已有this ,that ,my ,your ,some ,each ,no ,any 等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词作定语时不用冠词 .Each student must hand in his(her) exercise book by the end of this week.每个学生必须在本周末交作业本 .(3)表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补语时 , 其前通常用零冠词 .(四川 (高|考 ))Dr.Peter Spence ,headmaster of the school ,told us , "A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.〞这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说 , "这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习 .〞(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词 ,及球类、棋类和学科名词前 .Of all the subjects ,I like history best because it gives us a useful knowledge of things in the past.在所有科目中 ,我最||喜欢历史 ,因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有益的知识 .2．用于固定搭配中on/catch fire着火by mistake错误地by chance/accident碰巧 in history在历史上under repair在维修中 hand in hand 手拉手do harm to对……有害 on purpose成心地in place在正确位置 in danger在危险中in return作为回报 at present 目前ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前lose heart 灰心 out of control失控at dawn/dusk/night在黎明/黄昏/夜晚make room for为……让出空间3．有无冠词意义不同的搭配⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧at table 在吃饭at the table 在桌子旁 ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧at school 在上学at the school 在学校 ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院里 ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧in charge of 掌管in the charge of 在……掌管之中 ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 不可能 [技法点拨][核心考点针对练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2021·安徽六校联考)As a businessman ,Mr.Green is a complete failure.Being lazy may well be one of the disadvantages(disadvantage) to his failure.2．(2021·哈师大附中月考)As far as I am concerned ,my suggestion(suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese­English dictionary within easy reach.3．(2021·安徽宿州期末)Li Hua has a good knowledge of English and this will be an advantage over others in finding a proper job.4．(2021·山东寿光现代中学月考)I considered myself very lucky because I was the only one of my friends who had their dads around.5．(2021·河北邯郸模拟)The experiment took us five months and turned out a greatdisappointment.6．(2021·宁波段考)My grandparents like to live in the countryside where they can enjoy a leisurely walk on the country road and feel the warmth of the sun on their faces.7．What if your first choice is wrong ?If so ,just give yourself a second chance. 8．You are working too hard.You'd better keep a balance between work and relaxation. 9．Yesterday the firemen(fireman) examined the ground but were not able to find any clues to the cause of the fire.【导学号：33220210】10．For many young people ,going to university is one of the most important stages(stage) of their lives.Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2021·天津 (高|考 ))The dictionary is out of the date：many words have been added to the language since it was published.去掉date前的the2．(2021·江西省重点中学联考)I don't think the experiment is a failure.At least we have gained an experience for future success.去掉experience前的an3．(2021·合肥八中段考)The airport bus leaves every 30 minute and will take you right to the Friendship Hotel.minute→minutes4． -How can I take the medicine ,sir?-Just follow the direction on the bottle.direction→directions5．You should follow the doctor's advices and give up smoking.advices→advice[ (高|考 )题型综合练]Ⅰ.语法填空(2021·河北省石家庄市质检二)Felicity Miller ,a 32­year­old British woman , 1 has a Chinese husband ,still remembers the 2 (excite) when she first learned to use the "red packet〞 function on WeChat in 2021.She sent and grabbed some red packets in her Chinese family's group.The rule in her family was that the person who grabbed the 3 (high) amount sent the next.Attracted by the unique way of communicating ,many foreigners 4 ,the money in each packet is random.Thus the amount of money one can grab 5 (large) depends on his or her luck ,from 0.01 yuan to less than 200 yuan.Many foreigners get more familiar 6 Chinese culture through "red packets〞．Two years ago ,when FelicityMiller was sent 5.20 or 8.88 yuan red packets ,she had no clue about the 7 ,she has not only known about them ,but also has sent a few.However ,the popularity of virtual red packets doesn't stop people sending paper red packets 8 (contain) real cash during the Spring Festival.It 9 (call) lucky money.In Chinese tradition ,people take giving children lucky money as 10 blessing.【语篇解读】许多外国人通过 "微信红包〞更加熟悉中国文化 .但是真正的纸质红包并未被替代 ,在春节时人们给孩子压岁钱以表示对孩子的祝福 .1．who[考查定语从句 .分析本句结构可知 ,空处引导非限制性定语从句 ,在从句中作主语 ,先行词为a 32­year­old British woman ,故用who引导该定语从句 .]2．excitement[考查名词 .根据空前的定冠词the可知 ,空处用名词形式 .]3．highest[考查最||高级|| .根据语境并结合常识可知 ,抢到红包金额最||高的人要发下一个红包 ,故用最||高级|| .]4．have joined[考查动词的时态 .根据该句中的 "so far〞可知 ,到目前为止 ,已经有许多外国人被 "微信红包〞这一特殊的交流方式吸引 ,并参与了抢红包和发红包 .据此可知 ,本句用现在完成时 .]5．largely[考查副词 .空处修饰动词短语 "depends on〞 ,故用副词形式 .]6．with[考查固定搭配 .许多外国人通过 "微信红包〞更加熟悉中国文化 .get familiar with为固定搭配 ,意为 "熟悉……〞 .]7．hidden[考查形容词 .Felicity Miller不知道这两个数字后的隐藏意义 .根据空前的冠词the和空后的名词meanings可知 ,此处应用形容词作定语 ,故填hidden .]8．c ontaining[考查现在分词 .paper red packets和动词contain之间是主谓关系且contain与句子谓语之间无连词 ,故用现在分词短语作名词paper red packets的后置定语 .]9．is called[考查动词的时态和语态 .这种纸质的红包被称为 "压岁钱〞 .根据句意可知 ,主语 "It〞和动词call之间为动宾关系 ,故用被动语态；本句陈述的是一般现象 ,故用一般现在时 .]10．a[考查不定冠词 .人们将给孩子压岁钱作为一种祝福 .此处泛指 "一种祝福〞 ,故用不定冠词 .]【导学号：33220211】Ⅱ.短文改错(2021·湖北七市联考)I have met many teachers since I begin my schooling.Of all my teachers ,Mrs.Green is the one who impresses me most.Though she is 50 ,she looks very young at her paring with other teachers ,Mrs.Green pays more attentionto her way of teaching.She tries various ways to make her class lively and interestingly.In her opinion ,we will not only know "what 〞 but also understand "why 〞．So instead of giving us answer immediately ,she encourages us to think carefully every time when she puts forward questions.With her help ,we have learned how to analyze and settled problems.What the amazing world of "why 〞 she leads us! She is such a learned person that we all admire him very much.【答案】I have met many teachers since I begin beganmy schooling.Of all my teachersreen is the one who impresses me most.Though she is 50 ,she looks very youngat for her paring Comparedwith other teachers ,Mrs.Green pays more attention to her way of teaching.She tries various ways to make her class lively and interestingly interesting.In her opinion ,we will not only know "what 〞 but also understand "why 〞．So instead ofgiving us answer answersimmediately ,she encourages us to think carefully every time ﹨when she puts forward questions.With her help ,we have learned how to analyze and settled settleproblems.What the anamazing world of "why 〞 she leads us ∧to ! She is such a learned person that we all admire him her very much.。

Unit 2 Working the land一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．statistic n．数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料2．sunburnt adj. 晒黑的3．super adj. 特级的；超级的4．output n. 产量；输出5．circulate vt.& vi. 循环；流传6．grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒7．occupation n. 工作；职业；占领8．personality n. 性格；个性；人格9．chemical adj. 化学的；关于化学的[第二屏听写]10．organic adj. 有机的；器官的；组织的11．fertile adj. 肥沃的；富饶的12．fertilizer n. 肥料；化肥13．bacteria n．(bacterium的复数形式) 细菌14．nutrition n. 营养；滋养；食物15．pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟16．mineral n. 矿物；矿石17．skim vt. 浏览；略读18．underline vt. 画底线标出；强调19．industrial adj. 工业的；产业的Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)[第三屏听写]1．struggle vi.& n．斗争；拼搏；努力2．decade n. 十年；十年期3．crop n. 庄稼；农作物；产量4．hunger n. 饥饿；欲望vt.& vi. (使)饥饿5．disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的6．expand vt.& vi. 使变大；伸展7．battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争vt.& vi. 搏斗；奋斗[第四屏听写]8．rid vt. 摆脱；除去9．freedom n. 自由；自主10．therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而11．equip vt.& vi. 配备；装备12．export vt.& vi. 输出；出口13．confuse vt. 使迷惑；使为难14．regret vt. 遗憾；惋惜n. 遗憾；懊悔15．production n. 生产；制造[第五屏听写]16．discovery n．发现；发觉17．focus n. 焦点；中心点vt. 集中；聚焦18．soil n. 土壤19．reduce vt. 减少；减缩20．root n. 根；根源21．summary n. 总结；摘要；概要22．comment n. 评论；议论vi.& vt. 表达意见；作出评论[第六屏听写] 23．nationality n．国籍24．thanks_to 幸亏；由于；因为25．rid_...of 使……摆脱或除去26．be_satisfied_with 对……感到满意27．would_rather 宁愿；宁可28．build_up 逐渐增强；建立；开发29．lead_to 导致；造成(后果) 30．focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于31．keep_...free_from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高⇩积得多(平时多输入，用时顺手出)(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高⇩积得多(平时多输入，用时顺手出)(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高1．comment n．评论；议论vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论一句多译老师经常谈论那两个男孩子的不同之处。

Unit 2 Working the landⅠ阅读理解AOphelia and the Marvelous Boy by Karen FoxleeType：FantasyStoryline：When Ophelia moves to a strange city where it never stops snowing, she discovers a boy locked away for 75 years in a museum. She must help the boy before the Snow Queen freezes the world. Along the way, Ophelia learns how to believe in things she cannot see.Targeted readers：People who like fairy tales would enjoy this book.A Hundred Horses by Sarah LeanType: MysteryStoryline：The wooden horse Nell brings along during her visits to her aunt and cousins is stolen by a girl named Angel. As Nell finds out Angel’s true identity, a bond grows between them and a group of 99 horses. Word has it that the 100th horse is magical. But where i s it? Nell doesn’t know, but Angel might know.Targeted readers：Kids who like animals and nature will be sure to find this book exciting.How to Catch a Bogle by Catherine JinksType: FantasyStoryline：Birdie is an orphan who is good at trapping monsters with her singing voice. She is the only goblin(小妖精) hunter in the world. When kids go missing, it’s up to her to figure out why.Targeted readers：Anyone who is looking for monsters will take great pleasure in this book.I Even Funnier: A Middle School Story by James Patterson and Chris GrabensteinType: FictionStoryline：After a car accident Jamie loses his family, and then he moves in with his aunt, uncle and his cousin Stevie, whose basic aim is to trick Jamie. But Jamie keeps having a positive attitude and running after his goals. He was recently honored the Funniest Kid Comic of New York State.Targeted readers：This book would be great for anyone who is fond of humorous books.【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文。

XX届高考英语第二轮冠词备考复习教案卫辉一中XX届高三二轮备考抓分点透析之英语冠词【XX年高考命题预测】高考对冠词的考查主要体现在：1、冠词；2、零冠词的情况；3、固定搭配中有无冠词的区别。

分析今年高考试题，我们发现高考设题越来越注重情境干扰，注重特定语言环境中上下文的联系，题干的语义环境起非常重要的作用。

并且现在也不再着重冠词的考查。

因此预测：XX年高考对冠词的考查还将是侧重具体语境中冠词的基本用法。

【重难点突破】[概述]冠词是虚词，不能单独使用，位于名词前，帮助指明名词的含义。

不定冠词a和an的用法基本用法用在单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或事物中的个体。

Ateachershouldn’ttalliethat.教师不应当这样讲话。

用于表示首次提到的某人或某物，但没有具体说明是谁或是什么。

用来表示“一”的概念，但不如one的数字概念强。

Ittooeayeartosaveupforanecoat.我用了一年时间才省出钱买一件新大衣。

特殊用法表示价钱、时间、速度等的“每一”。

----It’ssaidjohnillbeinajobpayingover$60,000______year．----Right,heillalsogetpaidby______ee．A．the;theB．a;thec．the;aD．a;a在专有名词前表示“某一个”、“类似的一个”。

Thevisitorsherearegreatlyipressedbythefactthat_____ ___peoplefroallalsoflifeareoringhardfor________neji angsu.[XX•江苏]A．/;aB．/;thec．the;aD．the;theExpertsthinthat______recentlydiscoveredpaintingaybe ______Picasso．A．the;不填B．a;thec．a;不填D．the;a用于序数词前表示“又一”、“再一”。

Unit 2 Cloning话题素材——克隆技术[话题词汇]1.drawback n. 缺点；不利条件2.experiment n. 实验3.explore vt. 探索4.ban n．& vt. 禁止5.argument n. 争论6.hot topic 热点话题7.medical breakthrough 医学上的突破8.be worth considering 值得考虑9.in terms of 从……角度；就……来说10.object to/be against 反对11.agree/be for 同意；支持12.a sound attitude 一种明智/正确的态度13.follow the lead 效仿14.contribute to solving the problem of 有助于……问题的解决15.test out the theory by experiment 用实验检验理论[经典佳句]1.Today's technology develops so quickly that many impossible things become true.如今的科技发展得如此之快以至于许多不可能的事情都变成了现实。

2.In my own opinion, I agree_to clone the endangered animal and disagree_with cloning human.以我的观点，我同意克隆濒危动物、不同意克隆人类。

3.I think that we should use the clone to make_our_life_better_off.我想我们应该应用克隆使我们的生活变得更美好。

精美语篇Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is a difficult task to undertake. From time to time people suggest that extinct animals should be brought back to life through cloning. Last Friday, we had a discussion about whether we should clone animals.Some are in favour of it. Large quantities of commercial food can be produced. Besides, the extinct animals can be cloned, if their DNA is still in good condition. It can also be used to cure serious illnesses.Others have a strong objection to it. They believe that cloned animals can't resist some diseases and tend to die earlier. Dolly lived six and a half years altogether, half of the length of the life of the original sheep. Above all, it is bound to disturb the balance of nature.◆高频单词1.differ (vi.) 不同；相异→difference (n.) 不同；差异→different (adj.) 不同的2.exact (adj.) 精确的；准确的→exactly (adv.) 精确地；准确地3.undertake (vt.) 着手；从事；承担→undertook (过去式)→undertaken (过去分词)→ undertaking (n.) 任务；项目；事业4.cast (vt.) 扔；投；掷→cast (过去式/过去分词)5.altogether (adv.) 总共；完全地6.object (vi.) 反对；不赞成→objection (n.) 不赞成；反对；异议7.obtain (vt.) 获得；赢得→obtainable (adj.) 可获得的；可得到的8.moral (adj.) 道德(上)的；伦理的→morally (adv.) 道德上地；伦理上地9.accumulate (vt. & vi.) 积累；聚积→accumulation (n.) 积累；聚积10.shortly (adv.) 立刻；不久11.retire (vi.) 退休；离开→retirement (n.) 退休，退职；退役→retired (adj.) 退休的；离职的12.bother (vt.) 打扰 (vi.) 操心 (n.) 烦扰13.assumption (n.) 假定；设想→assume (vt.) 假定；设想14.regulation (n.) 规则；规章；法规→regular (adj.) 规则的；有规律的→regulate (v.) 控制；管理；调节15.resist (vt.) 抵抗；对抗→resistance (n.) 抵抗力；反抗→resistant (adj.) 有抵抗力的；耐……的16.fairly (adv.) 公平地；相当地→fairness (n.) 公平→fair (adj.) 公平的；适当的；合理的17.reasonable (adj.) 合情理的；讲道理的；公道的→unreasonable (反义词) (adj.) 不合情理的→reason (n.) 理由；原因◆重点短语1.pay_off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2.cast_down 使沮丧；使失望3.have_a_great_impact_on 对……有重大影响4.object_to 反对5.in_favor_of 赞成；支持6.owe ... to 把……归功于……7.(be) bound to (do) 一定/注定(做)……8.strike ... into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心9.from time to time 不时；偶尔10.bring ... back to life 使复生；使复活11.in vain 白费力气；枉费心机12.in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏◆热点句型1.while 表对比关系，“然而；可是”Cloning plants is straightforward while (然而) cloning animals is very complicated.(教材P11)2.当now，then位于句首，谓语是come，appear等且主语为名词时，句子完全倒装Then_came (传来) the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.(教材P11～P12)3.The advantage is that ... “其优点是……”，that引导表语从句The_advantage_is_that (优点是) if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.(教材P15)4.based on ... “建立在……的基础之上”，过去分词短语作状语Based_on (建立在……基础之上) what we know now, you can not clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.(教材P15)◆同步训练在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Unit 2 The United Kingdom一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．credit n．信任；学分；赞扬；信贷2．currency n. 货币；通货3．institution n. 制度；机制；公共机构4．architecture n. 建筑学；建筑艺术5．administration n. 管理；行政部门[第二屏听写] 6．furnished adj. 配备好装备的；带家具的7．fax n. 传真(机)vt. 用传真传输(文件) 8．royal adj. 王室的；皇家的；高贵的9．uniform n. 制服10．splendid adj. 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的[第三屏听写]11．statue n. 塑像；雕像12．communism n. 共产主义13．pot n. 罐；壶14．error n. 错误；过失；谬误15．tense n. 时态16．consistent adj. 一致的Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)[第四屏听写]1．unite vi.& vt. 联合；团结2．kingdom n. 王国3．consist vi. 组成；在于；一致4．province n. 省；行政区5．clarify vt. 澄清；阐明6．accomplish vt. 完成；达到；实现7．conflict n. 矛盾；冲突8．unwilling adj. 不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)[第五屏听写]9．union n. 联合；联盟；结合；协会10．convenience n. 便利；方便11．rough adj. 粗糙的；粗暴的12．roughly adv. 粗略地；粗糙地13．nationwide adj. 全国性的；全国范围的14．attract vt. 吸引；引起注意15．collection n. 收藏品；珍藏；收集16．port n. 港口(城市)[第六屏听写] 17．countryside n. 乡下；农村18．enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的；使人高兴的19．description n. 描写；描述20．possibility n. 可能(性)21．plus prep. 加上；和adj. 加的；正的；零上的22．quarrel n. 争吵；争论；吵架vi. 争吵；吵架[第七屏听写]23．alike adj. 相同的；类似的24．arrange vt. 筹备；安排；整理25．wedding n. 婚礼26．fold vt. 折叠；对折27．sightseeing n. 观光；游览28．delight n. 快乐；高兴；喜悦vt. 使高兴；使欣喜29．thrill vt. 使激动；使胆战心惊[第八屏听写]30．consist_of 由……组成31．divide_...into 把……分成32．break_away_(from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离33．to_one's_credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下34．leave_out 省去；遗漏；不考虑35．take_the_place_of 代替36．break_down (机器)损坏；破坏二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高⇩积得多(平时多输入，用时顺手出)(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高⇩积得多(平时多输入，用时顺手出)(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高1．arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理单句语法填空①The Jibo robot, arranged to_ship (ship) later this year, is designed to bea personalized assistant.②We have already made arrangements (arrange) for our vacation.单句改错③Dave arranged someone to drive him home.arranged后加for补全句子④Parents arrange_everything_for_their_children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.父母为孩子安排好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。

【2019年高考考纲解读】冠词的考查几乎每年都有一两道题，而且基本都设两空。

一般情况下，试题的情景较为曲折，句式以复合句为主。

另外，在短文改错和语法填空中也常常涉及冠词的考查。

考查要点主要包括：1．考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。

2．考查定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法。

抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。

3．考查冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法。

4．考查零冠词的运用。

另外，还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。

复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则：(1)单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；(2)复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；(3)无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指时，其前都要加定冠词the。

【重点、难点剖析】一、定冠词1．表示特指。

Pass me the magazine on the desk.请把桌上的杂志递给我。

二、不定冠词1．泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。

A teacher shouldn't talk like that.教师不应当那样讲话。

2．用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”。

用于形容词最高级前意为“很，非常”。

We'll have to do it a second time.我们得再做一次。

He is a most wise man.他是一个十分明智的人。

3．用于具体化了的抽象名词前。

He was a success in business.他是事业成功人士。

4．在专有名词前表示“某一个”“类似的一个”。

A Mr. Smith wants to see you.一位史密斯先生想见你。

5．用于of短语中表示“同一”(＝the same)。

Tom and Kate are of an age.汤姆与凯特同岁。

三、零冠词1．用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。

Knowledge begins with practice.知识从实践开始。

Unit 2Working the land1struggle vt.& vi.& n．斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎…for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.(教材P10)……过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。

struggle ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ to do sth (＝make great efforts to do sth ) 艰难地做某事；努力做某事for 为……而斗争with/against 与……作斗争；同……搏斗to one's feet 挣扎着站起来①Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and struggled to_lead (lead) an active life.海伦·凯勒19个月大时就变得又聋又瞎了，但她从不放弃并努力过积极的生活。

②We have to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。

③T he soldier was badly wounded but he struggled to his feet at last.这位士兵受了重伤，但是最终他挣扎着站起来了。

2expand vt .& vi .使变大；伸展Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.(教材P 10)袁博士要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求增收水稻的方法。

(1)expand ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ into 扩展成为……；膨胀成为……on/upon 详细阐明；充分叙述(2)expansion n ．扩展；扩大；膨胀①The small pocket dictionary was expanded into a full­sized one.那部袖珍小词典经增订成为一部大型词典。

语法奠基课英语句子中各司其职的“八大金刚”[编写说明] 无论高考如何变化，语法在英语中的基础性地位是不可动摇的。

对语法的考查或隐性或显性地渗透于整个高考英语试卷中。

语法不通，枉费苦功；基础不牢，地动山摇。

尤其是对英语水平一般的考生来说，一轮复习切勿盲从成绩较好考生的复习方法，只顾埋头做题，而应结合自身实际，回到抓牢词汇、语法等基础知识上来。

考量到一般考生的语法基础薄弱，所以本部分精细化编写。

语法奠基课英语句子中各司其职的“八大金刚”众所周知，句子有若干个组成部分，分别承担着不同的作用，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。

英语中的句子成分分为主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、宾语(object)、表语(predicative)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)和同位语(appositive)八种，它们就像佛教中的八大护法金刚，各司其职，共同呵护着英语这个“极乐世界”。

一、主语——习惯于发号施令，偶尔也会被赶下台在句子中，主语是谓语所表示动作的发出者。

主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。

但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以“下台”而位于谓语动词之后或省略。

能够充当主语的主要有名词、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和从句等。

The patient’s family have expressed their gratitude to the press in letters for the money raised.(名词作主语)Studying English is very important.(动名词短语作主语)It’s obvious that he was wrong.(代词it充当形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语)[名师指津] 当主语为从句时，为避免头重脚轻，可用it作形式主语。

第二讲 非谓语动词第一课时 知识过关课分类⎩⎨⎧不定式（主动/将来/具体）：He decided to work hard at English Ｗ.他决定努力学习英语。

－ing 形式⎩⎨⎧动名词（主动/习惯/抽象）：Learning is important to us.学习对我们很重要。

现在分词（主动/进行）：We stood there ，chatting Ｗ.我们站在那里聊天。

－ed 形式（过去分词）（被动/完成）：The novel written by Mo Yan is very popular.莫言那部小说很流行。

复习非谓语动词还需掌握以下几点：1.句法作用(除谓语外的其他成分)2.时态和语态(以do 为例)时态与语态的判断方法：⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧时态：非谓语动词的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前，用完成式；否则，就用一般式。

语态：当非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动关系，用主动式；是被动关系，用被动式。

3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语4.有特殊要求的动词或动词短语(1)有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词作宾语。

如ask，demand(要求)，plan，intend，mean(计划)，manage，do/try one’s best，make an attempt，learn(学习)，wish，hope，desire，expect，long，want，would like，should like，would prefer(希望、愿意)，agree，promise(同意)，decide，determine，choose，make a decision，make up one’s mind(决定)，offer(主动提出)，apply(申请)，help(帮助)，fail(不能、没有)，prepare(准备)，pretend(假装)，refuse(拒绝)，happen(碰巧)，afford(负担得起)等。

(2)有的动词或动词短语后只能用动名词而不能接不定式。