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Unit 5 Tra v elling abroad一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词——省时高效Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)1．cafeteria n．自助食堂；自助餐厅2．shopkeeper n.店主3．numb adj.麻木的；失去知觉的4．oilfield n.油田5．essay n.文章；散文6．queue n.队列；行列v i.排队7．drill v i.&v t.钻(孔)n.钻；钻机8．parallel adj.平行的；相同的；类似的9．seminar n.(专题)研讨会10．enterprise n.事业；事业心11．bachelor n.获学士学位的人；未婚男子12．minibus n.小型公共汽车13．cage n.鸟笼；兽槛14．battery n.电池(组)；电瓶；炮台15．inn n.客栈16.tomb n.坟墓17．autonomous adj.自主的；独立的；自治的Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)1．qualification n．资格；资历→qualified adj.有资格的；能胜任的→qualify v．(使)合格；(使)具有资格2．preparation n．准备；预备→prepare v．(使)准备3．recommend v t.推荐；建议→recommendation n．推荐；建议4．comfort n．舒适；安慰v t.安慰→comfortable adj.Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)1．visa n.签证2．hike v i.&n.远足；徒步旅行3．tutor n.导师；助教；家庭教师4．destination n.目的地5．idiom n.习语；成语6．lecture n．&v i.演讲；讲课7．motherland n.祖国8．routine n.常规；日常事务adj.通常的；例行的9．bark v i.(指狗等)吠叫；咆哮n.犬吠声；树皮10．substitute n.代替者；代用品v t.用……代替……11．draft n.草稿；草案v t.草拟；起草12．contradict v t.反驳；驳斥[语境活用]1．—Are you sure he is qualified_to drive a car?—Yes.He got his drivingqualification_before he was qualified as a driver.(qualify)2．These new shoes are not very comfortable though they are designed for comfort.(comfort)3．He is preparing for the exam,while舒适的→comfortably ad v.舒适地5．academic adj.学校的；学术的→academy n．学院；研究院6．requirement n．需要；要求→require v t.需要；要求7．revise v t.复查；修正；复习→revision n．复查；修正；复习8．acknowledge v t.承认；确认；答谢→acknowledgement n．承认9．occupy v t.占用；占领；占据→occupation n．职业→occupied adj.忙于……的；使用中的10．apology n．道歉；谢罪→apologize v i.道歉11．optional adj.可选择的；随意的→option n．选择12．agent n．代理人；经纪人→agency n．代理处；中介处13．geographical adj.地理(学)的→geography n．地理；地形14．abundant adj.丰富的；充裕的→abundance n．丰富15．govern v t.&v i.统治；管理；支配→governor n．统治者→government n．政府his brother is making preparations for the sports meeting.(prepare)4．This is strictly required,_so if you don't match this requirement,_please do not send your resume.(require)5．She apologized to the teacher for her being late,and he accepted herapology.(apologize)6．He occupies an important position ina company,and is occupied with allkinds of activities,so his occupationbrings him great fame.(occupy)7．The young man was recommended asmanager of the big company thanks tothe recommendation letter of hisprofessor.(recommend)8．In a democratic and progressivegovernment,_the governors alwaysgovern their people in more severe legalmeans.(govern)(二)练中记短语——记牢用活写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空) 1.fit_in相适应；相融合 1.It's said that his youngest son had2．settle_in(迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来3．adjust_to适应；调节……以适应4．take_up_占用时间(空间)；开始从事5．keep_it_up保持优秀成绩；继续干下去6．get/be_used_to对……适应；习惯7．day_in_and_day_out日复一日8．be_occupied_with忙着做……；忙于某difficulty fitting_in with the rest of his new class.2．Since he has just had a major operation,he knows that a trip to Europe this summer is out_of_the_question.3．I've been working twelve hours a day since last month,but I shall not be able tokeep_it_up_now.4．I would have gone to Daisy's wedding last事物9．out_of_the_question不可能的；不值得讨论的10．as_far_as_one_is_concerned_就……而言(三)仿写明句式——以用为本weekend, but I was_occupied_with piles of work.5．Day_in_and_day_out you can hear them arguing about the same silly questions.教材原句1.It was the first time she had ever left her motherland.这是她第一次离开祖国。
Unit 3 Life in the future一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词——省时高效Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)1.belt n．腰带；皮带2.timetable n. 时间表；时刻表3.typist n. 打字员4.tablet n. 药片5.steward n. 乘务员；服务员6.stewardess n. 女乘务员7.mask n. 面具；面罩；伪装8.citizen n. 公民；居民；市民9.ecology n. 生态；生态学10.postage n. 邮资11.receiver n. 接受者；接收器；电话听筒12.greedy adj. 贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的13.swallow v t. 吞下；咽下14.goods n. 货物15.button n. 纽扣；按钮Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)1.previous adj.在前的；早先的2.fasten v t. 系牢；扎牢3.aspect n. 方面；层面4.flash v t.& v i. (使)闪光；(使)闪现5.guide n. 指导；向导；导游v t. 指引；指导ck v i.& v t. 缺乏；没有n. 缺乏；短缺的东西7.switch n. 开关；转换v t. 转换8.optimistic adj. 乐观(主义)的9.material n. 原料；材料10.recycle v t. 回收利用；再利用11.dustbin n. 垃圾箱12.representative n. 代表；典型人物adj. 典型的；有代表性的Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)1.tolerate v t.容忍；忍受→tolerance n．容忍2.impression n．印象；感想；印记→impress v．(使)留下深刻印象→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的3.constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的→constantly ad v.不断地conj.一……就……4.surroundings n．周围的事物；环境→surround v t.围绕→surrounding adj.周围的5.adjustment n．调整；调节→adjust v t.调[语境活用]1.We are in instant need of help.Please tell usinstantly they arrive.(instant)2.The city of Hangzhou is really an impressive place.Especially the famous West Lake always leaves quite an impression on the visitors.I was strongly impressed by its beauty the first time Ivisited it.(impress)3.The famous star was enjoying the pleasant surroundings when he was recognized and was surrounded by a crowd of fans.(surround)4.The firm is pressing me for a decision and the pressure from my parents is quite unbearable, so I have to accept this new job.(press)整；使适应6.press v i.& v t.按；压；逼迫n．按；压；印刷；新闻→pressure n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)7.instant n．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的→instantly ad v.马上8.settlement n．定居；解决→settle v．定居；解决9.motivation n．动机→motivate v．成为……的动机；激励10.uncertain adj.不确切的；无把握的→certain adj.确信的；有把握的→certainty n．确信5.An official was sent to settle the problem but different opinions of two sides destroyed all the hopes of a peaceful settlement.(settle)(二)练中记短语——记牢用活写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.take_up拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用2.suffer_from 患有(疾病等)；遭受3.as_a_result 结果；因此4.be_greedy_for_... 对……贪婪；渴望5.(a)_lack_of 缺乏……6.be_back_on_one's_feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原7.lose_sight_of_... 看不见……8.in_all_directions 向四面八方9.sweep_up 打扫；横扫10.slide_into (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进……11.remind_sb.of_... 使某人想起……12.speed_up 加速13.be_similar_to 与……相似1.Sue slid_into the office of Mr.Brown and took the important papers away.2.Mary swept_up all the broken glass before her mother came back home after work.3.Because Susan was in France at that time, her youngest sister took_up the prize in place of her.4.Many countries are faced with the problem about how to speed_up economic development.5.I took a careful search in the crowds at the exit of the station, but I still lost_sight_of my cousin.6.Her father fell off the truck and was able to be_back_on_his_feet after two weeks' treatment in the hospital.7.She is_greedy_for wealth while he is dying for health.(三)仿写明句式——以用为本教材原句句式解读句式仿写1.At first my new surroundingswere difficult to tolerate.开始的时候，新的环境让我难以忍受。
Unit 1 Art一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词——省时高效(二)练中记短语——记牢用活(三)仿写明句式——以用为本二、课堂重点深化1．faith n ．信任；信心；信念；承诺 [自主体验] 单句语法填空①I have lost faith in that company, but I kept faith with the manager.②History is the best teacher. It faithfully (faith) records the development path of each country and foretells the future to us.③Besides, it is also very important that friends should be faithful (faith) to each other. [系统归纳]佳句时时写④(2014·广东高考写作)依我看来，她的慷慨不仅能帮助那些处于困境的人实现梦想、重拾生活信心，而且还能激励更多人参加这样的善举。
As far as I am concerned, not only will her generosity help those in need realize_their_dreams_and_rebuild_faith_in_life,_but also it will motivate more people to participate in such a good deed.2．aim n ．目标；目的；瞄准 v i .& v t .瞄准；对准；旨在；(向某方向)努力 [自主体验] 单句语法填空①These activities aim to_build (build) a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.②I am here with the aim of doing as well as possible. 一句多译这项活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力。
语法奠基课二依据句子成分，学会分析长难句一些复杂的长难句一方面是制约考生快速理解文意、准确解题的“拦路虎”，另一方面又是彰显考生写作功底的“走秀台”，在某种程度上来说，对长难句的分析与掌握已成为区分考生成绩优劣的“分水岭”。
其实，长难句并不可怕，在正确划分句子成分的基础上，运用一定的“拆分”技巧，化繁为简、化长为短，其意立马显现。
所以，无论是从学语法的角度，还是从英语综合素养的角度，都有必要给考生补上这欠缺的一课。
一、长难句的常见形式1．复合句这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣，使得考生搞不清楚整个句子结构。
其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。
主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构(如：I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如：The man is a teacher.)。
而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。
一般来说，复合句中的从句都是很常见的，考生比较熟悉的，但很多时候不少考生分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，这样会导致整个句子分析混乱。
这时，考生应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
[例1]What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation (移植)．[分析]此句的主语为“What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life”，是一个主语从句，其中主语从句里面又包含了一个由who引导的定语从句；is为主干句的系动词，后面的that引导两个并列的表语从句。
Unit 2 Cloning一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词——省时高效(二)练中记短语——记牢用活(三)仿写明句式——以用为本二、课堂重点深化1．object vi .反对；不赞成 n ．物体；目标 [自主体验] 单句语法填空①A majority of students objected to being_arranged (arrange) for extra lessons duringholidays and weekends.②As far as I'm concerned, I have an objection (object) to charging for parking.[系统归纳]易错对对碰(object/oppose)③Sometimes, some students object to the idea that English classes are taught in English.④To my comfort, only a few people opposed building a new bridge.佳句时时写⑤(2018·江苏高考书面表达)停止盲目追随排名很有必要，对于排名我们要持客观态度。
It is necessary to stop following ratings blindly and we should hold_an_objective_attitude_towards_it.[名师指津]object表示“反对”时，为不及物动词，加宾语时需加介词to，而oppose表示“反对”时，为及物动词，可直接加宾语。
2．forbid vt.(forbade, forbad; forbidden)禁止；不准[自主体验]单句语法填空①It is high time that we forbade setting (set) off fireworks in urban areas!②You are forbidden to_leave (leave) the room unless you apologize for what you have done.[系统归纳]佳句时时写③我认为禁止商店和超市提供免费的塑料购物袋是必要的。
Unit 3 A taste of English humour一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词——省时高效Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)1.verbal adj.口头的2.nonverbal adj. 不用语言的3.depressed a dj. 忧愁的；沮丧的4.charming adj. 迷人的；有魅力的5.moustache n. 小胡子6.worn-out adj. 磨破的；穿旧的7.leather n. 皮革8.chew v t.& v i. 嚼碎；咀嚼(食物)9.costume n. 服装；戏装10.budget n. 预算；开支11.actress n. 女演员12.pancake n. 烙饼；薄饼13.detective n. 侦探14.vast adj. 巨大的；辽阔的15.porridge n. 粥；麦片粥edy n. 喜剧Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)1.content adj.满足的；满意的n. 满足v t. 使满足2.ordinary adj. 平常的；普通的3.throughout prep. 遍及；贯穿ad v. 到处；始终；全部4.overcome v t.& v i. 战胜；克服5.outstanding adj. 突出的；杰出的；显著的6.worn adj. 用旧的；用坏的；破烂的7.gesture n. 姿态；手势v i. 做手势8.occasion n. 时刻；场合9.slide v t.& v i. (使)滑动；(使)滑行n. 滑；滑动；幻灯片10.whisper n. 耳语；低语v t.& v i. 低语；小声说Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)1.humour n．幽默；滑稽→humorous adj.幽默的；滑稽的2.performer n．表演者→perform v t.表演→performance n．表演3.astonish v t.使惊诧→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的→astonishment n．惊诧；震惊→astonished a dj.感到惊讶的4.fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的→fortunately ad v.幸运地→unfortunately ad v.不幸地→fortune n．运气；财富[语境活用]1.The famous performer is said to have performed a humorous performance at yesterday's evening party, which leaves a deep impression on the audience.(perform)2.To my astonishment,_he didn't feel astonished at the astonishing news that his brother died at all.(astonish)3.Fortunately,_when he went abroad to try his fortune,_he gained great wealth.(fortune)5.entertain v t.& v i.使欢乐；款待→entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的→entertainment n．娱乐；款待6.convince v t.使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.坚信不移的；确信的7.direct v t.& v i.导演；指示；指挥adj.直的；直接的；直率的→direction n．指导；方向→director n．导演→directly ad v.直接地；径直地conj.一……就……8.particular adj.特殊的；特别的；挑剔的n.细节；细目→particularly ad v.特殊地；特别地9.amuse v t.使发笑；使愉快→amusing adj.好笑的；有趣的→amused adj.逗乐的→amusement n．愉快；快乐10.explanation n．解释；讲解；说明→explain v t.解释；说明11.react v i.作出反应；回应→reaction n．反应；回应12.bored adj.厌烦的→boring adj.令人厌烦的13.failure n．失败(者)；失败的人或事→fail v i.失败14.mess n．脏或乱的状态→messy a dj.脏的；乱的4.The children in the mountain village have no entertainment,_so their teachers often tell entertaining stories to entertain them afterclass.(entertain)5.The boy is particularly interested in making model planes but he is not particular about what heeats.(particular)6.After school, she directly went off in the direction of the cinema to see the new film directed by the famous director.(direct)7.Although he failed many times, he didn't admit he was a failure.He would face the challenge bravely and tried to achieve his goal.(fail)8.She tried to convince me that I was mistaken.What she said was so convincing that I was completely convinced.(convince)(二)练中记短语——记牢用活写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.feel/be_content_with对……满足2.up_to_now 直到现在3.badly_off 穷的；缺少的4.star_in 在……担任主角；主演5.cut_off 切断；断绝6.pick_out 挑出；辨别出7.in_particular 尤其；特别8.convince_sb.of_sth. 使某人相信某事9.pick_up 收听；(偶然)学会10.react_to 对……作出反应；回应1.Up_to_now,_the dog has become a member of our family and everyone enjoys its company. 2.I mentioned that point in_particular,_for it was quite important.3.In 2018, Maria starred_in a popular film directed by a famous director.4.As the summer vacation is approaching, it's high time that parents picked_out some training courses for their children.5.I don't know how Mr.Brown will react_to the news that his son has won first place in the competition.6.Mary felt cut_off from the outside world, since she lacked an Internet connection and couldn't receive any e-mail.(三)仿写明句式——以用为本教材原句句式解读句式仿写1.As Victor Hugo once said,“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face” ... 维克多·雨果曾经说过：“笑容如阳光，能驱走人们脸上的冬天”……as引导定语从句，代替后面句子的内容。
专题六非谓语动词1．分词作状语分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。
(1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。
Hearing the news, they got excited.听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。
(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。
Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际明星。
2．动词不定式作状语(1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。
She was surprised to see George walk in.看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。
(2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do, so as to do, to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。
In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.为了通过考试，他努力学习。
(3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的。
To learn English well, his father bought him a dictionary.(×)[命题点感悟]单句语法填空①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don't have to run fast or for long________ (see) the benefit.解析：to see此处意为：你不必跑很快或很久就能看到它的好处。
分析句子结构可知，此处应该使用不定式形式作目的状语。
②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ______ (improve) water quality.解析：to improve“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不种植水稻”的目的，故此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
Unit 1 Women of achie v ement一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词——省时高效Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)1.specialist n．专家；专业工作者2.emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况3.welfare n. 福利；福利事业4.modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的5.childhood n. 童年；幼年时代6.rate n. 比率；速度7.nest n. 巢；窝8.bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带9.outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚10.career n. 事业；生涯Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)1.generation n．一代；一辈2.support n．& v t. 支持；拥护3.crowd n. 人群；观众v t. 挤满；使拥挤4.campaign n. 运动；战役v i. 作战；参加运动5.deliver v t. 递送；接生；生(小孩儿)；发表(演说等)6.worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的7.respect v t.& n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意8.project n. 项目；工程；规划9.audience n. 观众；听众；读者10.shade n. 荫；阴凉处v t. 遮住光线Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)1.achievement n．成就；功绩→achieve v t.完成；达到2.connection n．连接；关系→connect v t.连接anization n．组织；机构；团体→organize v t.组织4.behave v t.& v i.举动；(举止或行为)表现→behaviour n．行为；举止；习性5.observe v t.观察；观测；遵守→observation [语境活用]1.I hold the firm belief that you are boundto achieve your dream of being admitted to a key university, which will give you a wonderful sense of achievement.(achieve) 2.The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his good behaviour in front of others.(behave)3.The rich man went abroad with the intention of trying his fortune, while then．观察；观测6.argue v t.& v i.讨论；辩论；争论→argument n．争论；争辩；争吵7.inspire v t.鼓舞；激发；启示→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的→inspiration n．鼓舞；灵感8.refer v i.谈到；查阅；参考→reference n．提及；涉及；参考；查阅9.sickness n．疾病；恶心→sick adj.生病的10.intend v t.计划；打算→intention n．打算；目的；意图11.considerate adj.考虑周到的→consider v．考虑；认为→consideration n．考虑；体谅→considering prep.考虑到poor man intended to learn some skills of earning money.(intend)4.Listening to his inspiring speech gave us not only hope but also inspiration.(inspire)5.He argued against smoking, and insisted that it was beyond argument that smoking is harmful to health.At last, he argued us out of smoking.(argue)6.It is considerate of you to take her illness into consideration.(consider)(二)练中记短语——记牢用活写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.move_off离开；起程；出发2.lead/live_a_...life 过着……的生活3.crowd_in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海；大批涌入4.look_down_upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起5.refer_to 查阅；参考；谈到；提及6.by_chance 碰巧；凑巧e_across (偶然)遇见；碰见8.carry_on 继续；坚持9.devote_...to_... 献身于……；专心于……10.work_out 解决；锻炼身体1.(2016·天津高考)I hate it when she calls me at work — I'm always too busy to carry_on a conversation with her.2.Everything has been well prepared for the scientific research and the team is about to move_off.3.As soon as the supermarket opened its door, people crowded_in and struggled for their purchases.st month I came_across my old school friend on the flight to Beijing.5.You can refer_to this dictionary if you have any difficulty in learning English.6.Don't look_down_upon any people around you since each of them is equal and important in this world.7.They all know success doesn't happenby_chance.Only through hard work can we manage to achieve our dream.8.Devoted_to his research work, the scientist has no time to spend with his family.(三)仿写明句式——以用为本教材原句句式解读句式仿写1.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
Unit 4 Body language一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词——省时高效(二)练中记短语——记牢用活(三)仿写明句式——以用为本二、课堂重点深化1．represent vt .代表；象征；描绘 [自主体验] 单句语法填空①Last but not least, I feel it great honour to represent my class to_take (take) part in the speech contest.②She represents her mother as the kindest mother in the world. [系统归纳]佳句时时写(一句多译)(2017·浙江高考写作)我非常高兴代表班级邀请你参加我们的郊游活动。
③I am pleased to represent_my_class and invite you to join us in the outing.④On_behalf_of_my_class,_I am pleased to invite you to join us in the outing.2．curious adj.好奇的[自主体验]单句语法填空①People gathered round, curious to_know (know) what was happening.②She opened her eyes and looked up at me with curiosity (curious) and hopefulness.[系统归纳]选词填空(curious/curiously)③“How old am I at all？” the woman asked curiously. In fact, all the people in the bus were curious.佳句时时写④(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)美国的高中生生活是一个不错的选择，因为中国的学生对美国学生的学校生活非常好奇。
Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词——省时高效9.satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星9.system n. 系统；体系；制度(二)练中记短语——记牢用活7.depend_on 依靠；取决于5.Do remember to watch_out_for cars while(三)仿写明句式——以用为本二、课堂重点深化1．harmful adj .有害的 [自主体验] 单句语法填空①As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to one 's health. ②As far as I 'm concerned, there is no harm in making an apology to him first. 补全句子③These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, causing/doing_serious_harm_to life and the environment.这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。
[系统归纳]易错对对碰(to/for)④As we all know, the polluted water and air are harmful to people 's health. ⑤Anyway, the news seems to be good for you.佳句时时写(一句多译)众所周知，过量饮酒对我们的健康有害。
⑥What is known to us is that drinking too much is_harmful_to_our_health.(harmful)⑦It is known to us that drinking too much does_harm_to_our_health.(harm n．)2．exist vi.存在；生存[自主体验]单句语法填空①Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exist in his mind.②Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)．③The parking place for bikes was an existing (exist) problem for a long time in our school.[系统归纳]重点强化]佳句时时写④众所周知，老人和年轻人之间存在代沟。
专题三形容词与副词1．用法(1)表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as” “as＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数名词＋as”“as＋many/much＋复数名词/不可数名词＋as”的结构；Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is)．＝Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is)．亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。
It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。
(2)表示双方不相等时，用“not so/as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”的结构；Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.亨利的书不如我的多。
[名师指津]as＋形容词＋as＋数量词＝数量词＋形容词The building is as tall as 100 meters.＝The building is 100 meters tall.这幢楼有100米高。
2．as ...as结构前可用almost, exactly, half, just, nearly, quite等修饰，表示程度。
Let's walk. It's just as quick as taking the bus.咱们走路去吧，这和坐公共汽车去一样快。
1．比较级与最高级的构成(1)规则变化：[名师指津]有些形容词和副词没有程度可分或形容词和副词本身就是某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。
如right, wrong, excellent, extreme, perfect, possible, empty, greatly, very等。
(2)不规则变化：[名师指津]①farther和farthest分别指时间或空间上“较远”“最远”。
②elder不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，且仅用于同辈之间的排行。
elder sister姐姐；elder brother哥哥。
2．比较级的用法(1)比较级的常见结构①表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”结构。
This computer is less expensive than mine.这部电脑没有我的贵。
②表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时，用“the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..”，意为“越……就越……”。
The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙就越感到高兴。
③不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and ＋比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”。
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful . 我们学校变得越来越漂亮了。
④表示“和……一样不……”时，用“no ＋比较级＋than ”结构。
You are no taller than I ．你和我一样矮。
⑤“the ＋比较级＋of the two ＋名词”表示“两个中较……的那个”。
The taller of the two boys is my brother. 那两个男孩中较高的那个是我的哥哥。
(2)比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧否定式谓语＋比较级比较级＋than ＋any other ＋单数名词比较级＋than ＋all the other ＋复数名词比较级＋than ＋anyone/anything else比较级＋than ＋any of the other ＋复数名词比较级＋than ＋the rest of ＋复数名词或不可数名词I have never spent a more worrying day. 这是我度过的最令人焦虑的一天。
I can 't agree more .我完全同意。
He is better at English than anything else . 他最擅长英语。
Every morning he arrives earlier than any other student in the class. ＝Every morning he arrives earlier than all the other students in the class. ＝Every morning he arrives earlier than anyone else in the class.＝Every morning he arrives earlier than any of the other students in the class. ＝Every morning he arrives earlier than the rest of students in the class. 每天早上他都是班里来得最早的。
(3)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather, much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, (by) far, a bit 等。
The students study even harder than before. 学生们比以前学习更努力了。
3．最高级的用法(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语 She is the most active student in our class. 她是我们班最活跃的学生。
(2)one of ＋形容词最高级＋名词复数Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。
(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。
(4)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really以及序数词等。
I'd like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想买便宜一点的照相机。
[名师指津]by far通常用来修饰最高级，但也可修饰比较级，修饰比较级时，一般放在比较级后面，若在前面，应在两者之间加the。
The book is better by far than that one.这本书要比那本书好得多。
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.他是两兄弟中较高的那一个。
[命题点感悟]单句语法填空①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ________ (long) than non-runners.解析：longer根据空后的than和语境可知，此处应该使用副词比较级形式，故填longer。
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He screams the ________ (loud) of all.解析：loudest根据空前的the以及空后的of all可知此处应用最高级。
③(2018·浙江6月高考)There could be an even ________ (high) cost on your health.解析：higher此处表示这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价。
根据even可判断，此处要用形容词的比较级。
④(2017·浙江11月高考)One of the ________ (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books.解析：effective/most effective空格处作ways的定语故用形容词形式，effective意为“有效的”。
此处也可用最高级，表示“最有效的方式之一”。
⑤(2017·浙江6月高考)Sixteen years __________(early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.解析：earlier固定表达sixteen years earlier表示“早在16年前”。
此时的earlier相当于before，一般直接跟在时间名词的后面。
⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even_______ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.解析：worse根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式，even worse表示“更糟糕的是”。
⑦(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of ________(great) and less importance.解析：greater 根据后面的“and less ”可知，此处也要用比较级形式。
⑧(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)They were also the best and ________ (bad) years in my life.解析：worst 由并列连词and 前面的“the best ”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式。
常用的倍数表达法：⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧倍数＋as ＋形容词/副词的原级＋as 倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than倍数＋the ＋名词(size ， length ， width ， height 等)＋of 倍数＋what 从句Our classroom is three times as large as theirs. ＝Our classroom is three times larger than theirs. ＝Our classroom is three times the size of theirs. 我们的教室是他们教室的三倍大。
