高三一轮复习英语语法上

高中英语语法第1讲名词1 可数名词(1)可数名词的单、复数规那么变化：为了自己(self)活命(life)，小偷(thief)和他的妻子(wife)手里拿着刀子(knife)和一片树叶(leaf)站在架子(shelf)上，把狼(wolf)劈成两半(half)。

(2)不规那么名词的3种复数变化形式一种鱼时，其单复数形式相同。

(2)people指“人们〞时单复数同形；指“民族〞时，其复数为peoples。

(3)合成名词的2种复数形式①假设有中心词，那么把中心词变成复数；假设无中心词，那么把最终一个词变成复数。

passer­by→passers­by, sister­in­law→sisters­in­law, grown­up→grown­ups①“man/woman＋n.〞变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数，如women engineers。

对点练1写出以下名词的复数形式①sheep—sheep①dish—dishes①knife—knives①story—stories①tomato—tomatoes2 不行数名词(1)常见的不行数名词一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不行数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。

通常只用作不行数的名词有：milk, music, homework, housework, weather, news, butter, information, bread, advice, progress, orange(橙汁), meat, equipment, fun, luggage, luck, work(工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word(消息), room(空间), man(人类)等。

[名师点津]word意为“消息〞、room意为“空间〞、man意为“人类〞时，通常不带任何修饰词。

专题八 状语从句、定语从句状语从句一、时间状语从句1．before 引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。

常用如下句型： It is long before...(过了好久才……) It is not long before...(过了不久就……)2．since 后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。

⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧since ＋瞬间动词过去式从该动作发生时算起since ＋持续性动词过去式从动作结束时算起It is two years since he joined the army. It is two years since he smoked. 二、地点状语从句多由where 和wherever 引导。

Where there is a will ，there is a way. 二、原因状语从句在表示原因时，because 语气最重，其次是as ，since ，now that ，故在回答why 问句或者在强调句对原因进行强调时，只能用because 。

for 是并列连词，表示推测的理由或者进一步说明，不能放在句首，for 前要用逗号。

—Why were you absent? —Because I was ill. 三、目的状语从句1．so that/in order that 引导的目的状语从句中的谓语动词多用can/could/may/might/will/would ＋动词。

Please turn off the light so that I can go to sleep. 2．for fear that ，in case ，lest 表示“以防，免得”。

He is working hard for fear that he should fail. 四、条件状语从句1．providing/provided (that)假如，假若Providing (that) no one has further questions ，the meeting will be over. 2．on the understanding that ＝on condition that 在……条件下I give you money on the understanding that you finish your homework.五、结果状语从句注意such 引导的结果状语从句与定语从句的区别。

高中英语语法复习：过去分词（短语）作定语过去分词（短语）是什么？1.过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，是由动词变化而来的，过去分词不能单独做句子的谓语。

但是，“be + 过去分词”以及“have/has/had + 过去分词”可以作句子的谓语。

2.在英语中，常用done或者V-ed来表示过去分词。

3.过去分词(done)可在句子中可以充当定语、宾语补足语、状语等。

过去分词(短语)作定语的基本情况1.单个的过去分词通常放在名词的前面，作用是修饰该名词，做前置定语，译为“......的”例句：The broken vase has been thrown outside. 那个打碎了的花瓶已被扔到外面去了。

The polluted water resulted in the spread of cholera. 被污染的水导致了霍乱的传播。

2.过去分词短语通常放在名词的后面，作用是修饰该名词，做后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。

例句：This is a letter written in black ink. 这是一封用黑色墨水写的信。

过去分词(短语)做定语时，有2种常见的情况①表示和名词之间是被动关系the adopted son 被收养的儿子（前置定语）an advice supported by many people 一个被很多人支持的建议the guests invited to the party被邀请去派对的客人们the river polluted by daily waste被日常垃圾污染的河流a great trip organised by our school由我们学校组织的一次愉快的旅行（旅行是被组织的）a question discussed at the meeting yesterday(昨天在会议上被讨论的问题)②表示动作已完成the injured workers受伤的工人the broken window破碎了的窗户the risen sun 升起的太阳the boiled water 已经烧开(过的)水the faded flowers 凋谢了的花the retired workers 退休工人a sunken ship一艘沉了的船【过去分词(短语)做定语时的特殊情况】①left，given，concerned，discussed, found, built, invited, mentioned, obtained, received, questioned, shown, told 等是单个的过去分词，但是，通常会放在名词后面作后置定语。

【高三学习指导】高三英语第一轮复习语法指导：struggle短语归纳高三第一轮英语复习主要是打好基础知识，积累单词和语法。

以下是高三英语复习第一轮的语法指南：挣扎短语归纳法供参考。

struggle可用作名词或动词，表示“斗争，奋斗，挣扎”。

如：takeupthestruggle开始斗争;afterastruggle经过战斗;throughstruggle通过斗争;strugglewithsb.与某人搏斗;struggleagainstdifficulties/death/illness/nature/strongwinds与困难/死亡/疾病/自然界作斗争/与大风搏斗;struggleforaliving/freedom为生活而挣扎/为自由而斗争;struggletoone’s feet挣扎着站起来。

【应用】完成句子①我们一路上不得不与大风搏斗。

我们不得不一路狂风。

②老太太挣扎着站起来，向家里走去。

老妇人_________________________________，高中数学.key:①struggle,against②挣扎，挣扎，挣扎，挣扎，挣扎suchas例如;诸如。

用于列举同类的人或事物。

①像Luxunabajin这样的作家是众所周知的。

像鲁迅和巴金这样的作家很有名。

②thissummerwe’regoingtovisitsomeplacesofinterest,suchasthegreatwall,thesumme rpalaceandtheimperialpalace.今年夏天我们要去参观一些名胜古迹，如长城，颐和园、故宫等。

注：andsoon等。

在并列组件后使用。

hereyoucanbuyoil,salt,sugar,vinegerandsoon.在这里可以买到油、盐、糖、醋等。

定语从句知识点梳理1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。

3. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。

一、关系词的用法(一)关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。

（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.4) asAs用于先行词前有as, so, such, the same修饰的限制性定语从句.You can take as many books as you need.(二) 关系副词when, where, why（在句中作状语）1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when hegrew up.注意：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.4. 介词后面的关系词不能省略。

入舵市安恙阳光实验学校语法专题六情态动词情态动词表示说话人的语气和情绪，本身词义不全，不能单独作谓语，后面必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。

情态动词没有人称和数的变化，但有的情态动词有过去式。

考点一can与could1．表示能力，但could主要指过去的能力。

表示“过去有能力成功做成某事”时通常用was/were able to。

The little boy can speak two foreign languages.Could the girl read before she went to school?Everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out.2．表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上，并不涉及此事真的发生），常译为“往往会，有时候可能会”，常用于肯定句中。

Accidents can happen on rainy days.3．表示请求和允许。

在问句中could语气比can要委婉。

You can go back home now.4．表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。

主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。

How can you be so careless?5．表示推测，常用于否定句和疑问句中，语气较强。

He can't be in the classroom；the light is not on.6．cannot/never...too/enough...表示“再……也不为过”。

You can never be too careful when driving a car.7．cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不，只好做某事”。

You cannot choose but go with me.考点二shall1．用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等；此外，颁布法律、规定时也用shall。

2024届高三英语高考一轮复习语法考点动词不定式用法注意点与语法结构（讲义）动词不定式特征：动词不定式具有名词、副词和形容词的性质。

动词不定式作用：动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。

动词不定式九大注意点01使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语，省略t o（注意：被动语态“t o”加回）。

S h e s a w h e r d au ght e r e nt e r t h e r oom.（H e r d au gh t er wa s s e en t o en t er t h e ro om.)她看见女儿进了房间。

I h e a r d hi m s i n g h ap pi l y j u s t n ow.(H e w as h e a rd t o s i n g h ap pi l y j u s t n ow.)我刚才听到他快乐地唱歌。

02w o ul d r at he r, h ad be t t e r(b e st)等习惯用法之后，省略t o。

I w o u l d r at h e r（not)st a y a t h om e.我宁愿（不）呆在家里。

Y o u h ad b et t e r e at m o re fi sh, l e s s m e at.你最好多吃鱼少吃肉。

03不定式作表语时，它的前面出现d o的各种形式时，省略t o。

T h e on l y t h i n g I c a n do i s w a i t.我唯一能做的事就是等着。

A l l t he y n e e d t o do n ow i s t a k e a b r e ak.现在他们需要的是好好休息。

04“W h y n o t do st h.?” 和“W h y d o n't yo u d o s t h.?”句型中，省略t o。

W h y n o t t r y i t a ga i n?= W h y d o n't yo u t ry i t a ga i n?为什么不再试一下呢?05在w h en, i f, w ha t,as等从句中与l i k e, w a nt, wi s h连用时，省略t o。

语法(非谓语动词)I. 动词不定式和动名词的构成形式动词不定式是由“ to + 动词原形” 构成；动名词由动词+ing 构成。

．做主语⒈不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1) 把不定式置于句首。

如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(2) 用it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。

如：①It ＋be＋名词＋to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes sb + some time + to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?③It ＋be＋形容词＋for sb ＋to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.④It ＋be＋形容词＋of sb ＋to doIt is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.⑤It seems(appears) ＋形容词＋to do It seemed impossible to save money.在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise 等表示赞扬或批评的词。

在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。

这一句式有时相当于Sb is＋形容词＋to do 句式，如：It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.⒉动名词做主语Learning without practice is no good. 动名词做主语时，也常用It 句式。

位敦市安定阳光实验学校高三英语第一轮复习：语法专项：动词短语（一）【本讲主要内容】语法专项：动词短语（一）【知识总结归纳】call1. call at 访问，拜访某地We called at Mike's house yesterday.2. call for 请求，要求All ships sailing on the oceans call for help by radio in English.3. call for 去接某人，接走某人I'll call for my uncle at Beijing Railway Station.4. call in 召请，请来Let's call in a doctor for the little girl.5. call on / upon 号召Many of these songs called on the workers to take up the struggle.6. call on 拜访某人I shall call on him tomorrow.7. call out 大声呼喊，叫喊I heard somebody calling _____ to me from downstairs.8. call up 给 ... 打电话Call me up tomorrow; my number is 536291. 9. call up 使人想起，回忆起Your letter calls _____ the days when we worked together fifteen years ago.come1. come across 遇见，发现I came across him first in Beijing.2. come on / along 来吧，快点Come on, try it again.3. come at 袭击，向...扑来I'll help you too if any beast comes at you.4. come back 回来，回到...来; 复活Now, to come back to what I was saying a moment ago.5. It is impossible for a dead animal to come back.6. come down 从 ...下来The airplane came down in that field.7. come from 出生于Lei Feng came from a poor peasant's family.8. come into use 使用起来How long is it since the electronic computer came into use?9. come out （花）开放The trees turn green and flowers come out.10. come out 出This magazine comes out once a month.11. come to 来到，达到，结果是Someday you'll come to know the mistakes you have made.12. come up 走过来，走近 / 长出，发芽A child came up to me and showed me the way.13. come upon 偶然碰上，遇到Searching through the drawer, I came upon the letter I'd been looking for.14. come into power 当权When did Clinton come into power ?15. come into being形成，产生The Chinese Communist Party came into being in 1921.do1. do with sb. 与某人相处Truth to tell, I don't know how to do with him.2. have something/nothing to do with sb./sth. 与某人（某事）有（没有）关系I'll have nothing to do with him from now on.3. do with sth. 处理，处置What did you do with that camera you found?4. do harm to 对...有害 do good to对...有益The poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us. 5. do well in 在...方面做得不错I think I can do well in English this year than last year.6. do wrong 做坏事，做错事Liszt said, "You've done wrong, but I can see you truly sorry about it."7. do one's best 尽力I'm going to do my best this year.8. do a good deed 做一件好事I was only trying to do a good deed.get1. get along with 进展How are you getting along with your English?2. get away 移走，拿走He got the book away from her.3. get away 逃脱The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.4. get back 回来，返回When did you get back from the countryside?5. get back 取回，找回Have you got back the book you lent him?6. get down on one's knees 跪下"Get down on your knees," said the Genie, "for I am going to killyou."7. get into 进入The dust has got into my eye.8. get sb. into 使...陷入This mistake may get him into difficulties.9. get in a word 插话Before I could get in a word he had measured me, and was giving orders for evening suits, ...10. get in one's way 挡了某人的路If you knocks into someone, or get in his way, you says, "Excuse me." or "I'm sorry."11. get in touch with sb. 与某人取得联系，保持联系When you are in London, you might get in touch with a friend of mine.12. get off 下来，从...下去The conductor got off and checked the rails.13. get on 上车She got on her bicycle and cycled off.14. get out 离开，出去You work too hard! You should get out a bit more.15. get rid of 除掉，去掉If you don't want to go, I suppose I can get rid of the ticket. 16. get together 相聚，碰头 We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time.17. get through 通过It took us only four minutes to get through the Customs（海关）give1. give away 赠送，给予, 泄露In those days, he used to give away a part of his income to help his friend.It’s just between you and me; don’t give it away.2. give in 投降，让步，屈服Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in.3. give off 发出，放出If they are burned, they give off poisonous gases.4. give out 用完，耗尽When they made ready to climb the next ridge（山脊）， they found that their oxygen had given out.5. give out力竭Both the man and horse gave out after the long ride.6. give up 放弃All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given up and the search stopped.7. give up 辞去Mary had to give up her job after her marriage.go1. go ahead with 继续进行，推进，Please don't go ahead with it till you've seen me again.2. go ahead 取得进展He has been in this class only a few weeks and he is already going ahead.3. go by 时间过去Many years have gone by since we first met.4. go by 经过The parade （）went by us.5. go down 下去，下沉The crocodile went down under the water.6. go down 下去Let's go down by the lift （elevator）.7.go on 继续The war went on until 1918.8. go on 发生，进行If you never read the newspapers, you'll never know what's going on in the world.9. go on 继续After he had given an account （说明）of the difficulties he went on to suggest ways of overcoming them. 10. go on with 继续They went on with their open-air performance in spite of the rain.11. go out 灯，火熄灭Put more wood on the fire, otherwise it will go out.12. go over 检查The mechanic（技师）went over the engine but found nothing wrong.13. go over 复习They went over their lessons together at night.14. go through 穿过，通过The bullet（子弹）went through the wall.15. go through 仔细检查，查看The police went through very room of the building.have1. have a good laugh over 对...笑了一个够Dad and I had a good laugh over that.2. have a good time玩得高兴They are having a good time.3. have a look 看一眼May I have a look at your new stamp ?4. have a word with 跟…说句话Where is Peter? I want to have a word with him.5. have no choice but to没有别的选择Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.6. have none of根本不理睬He knew about the order, he knew why the soldiers were there, but he would have none of it.7. have nothing to do with与...无关Most of his questions have nothing to do with his lessons.8. have on穿着I noticed that he had on bedroom slippers.9. have sports进行体育运动At three fifty in the afternoon we have sports.【高考】【题型展示】1. Will you ________ me a favor, please ?A. giveB. makeC. doD. bring答案及分析： C do sb. a favor 给某人帮个忙。

高三英语语法讲解及练习动名词第一部分知识透析第一节动名词的基本形式主动被动1. 一般式(not) doing(not) being done（常用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义，有时也可以表示在谓语动词之前或之后发生的动作）Swimming is her favorite sport.Learning to use electronic products is necessary in modern society.I remembered sending him an e-mail last week.He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday.I can’t stand being kept waiting.His not coming made everyone very disappointed.2. 完成式(not) having done(not) having been done（动名词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生）1 really regretted having missed such a wonderful musical.He denied having cheated in the exam.I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.I remember not having returned the book to the library.第二节动名词的用法1. 动名词作主语/表语动名词作主语/表语表示泛指的经常性的事情Collecting information is very important to businessmen.My hobby is collecting stamps.One of my bad habits is biting nails.2. 动名词作宾语1)一些动词后面只能跟动名词作宾语，如：ban consider delay deny escapefeel like finish forbid involve appreciatekeep practise recommend quit suggestadmit permit avoid enjoy mentionimagine include mind miss resistRisk prohibit allow advise encouragedislike forgive advocate postpone fancyHe denied having been there.We enjoy walking along the Bund.Don’t risk going to the forest alone.The old should avoid eating oily food.注意：allow, advise，encourage，forbid, permit，recommend 后接动名词作宾语，接不定式作补语。