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1. Introduction to DissertationsThis lesson is designed to provide guidance about specific points related to dissertation projects. Discussion: What is a dissertation? (15 min)The report models described in the Edexcel Level 3 Extended Project Student Guide (chapters 3 and 4) and AQA Extended Project Companion (chapter 3) provide a good way of structuring dissertations; abstract, introduction, research review, discussion, conclusion and bibliography. The OCR Extended Project Student Guide also has some general guidance in the section on project formats.Talk through the idea of a dissertation with students to ensure that they understand what is expected of them (revisit as needed). Key points include:The academic core in a Level 3 dissertation; research should include references to academicsource material (not just news articles/material from websites).Students need to demonstrate that they have reviewed available research conducted by others on their chosen topic (they need to think about what research has already been completed on their chosen research topic when making their final question choice).The research review should, where appropriate, take the form of a narrative, or a series ofnarrative threads, outlining the key developments that underpin the dissertation. A narrativewhere developments are linked chronologically is more readable than one that has snippetsfrom different sources. This approach should also ensure that students have tried to understand the material researched.A reminder for students to use the ‘5Ws’ as a tool to assist them (Edexcel Level 3 ExtendedProject Student Guide, chapter 1). If they can set the scene it will improve the quality of their writing: What happened? Who was involved? Where did it happen? When did it happen? Whydid it happen?To raise a discussion into the top mark band the focus should be on lines of argument. Thereshould be an attempt to integrate the arguments for and against a point of view into a coherent line of reasoning.Students should be encouraged to:☑Provide an assessment of relevant points of view☑State their own viewpoint clearly and precisely (using frameworks looked at in lesson 2)☑Provide their supporting arguments☑Consider and reply to counter-arguments.The Edexcel Level 3 Extended Project Student Guide (chapter 2) provides a model for thisstructure.Lines of argument, counter-arguments and responses to the arguments will need to beconstructed for a number of issues raised by the research question. For example:A student working on the question ‘is experimentation on animals acceptable?’ might ne ed toaddress three main issues;a)Should non-human animals be considered to be equal to humans in terms ofethical regard?b)Is there reliable data to be gained from animal experiments?c)Are there satisfactory alternatives?For each point, there are a number of arguments and counter-arguments which the studentshould address in a logical manner.Students need to think about how to frame their discussion (signposting the direction theirargument will go, and a reflective commentary on the general flow of argument).Activity 1: Reviewing Exemplar work (25 min)Choose an example of a dissertation (from your awarding organisation’s website or using previous student dissertations from your centre) and ask the students to review the exemplar work in small groups. They should be looking for evidence of the research carried out, how the argument has been structured and how the dissertation has been presented. Ask them to think about what elements they felt were and were not successful.The aim of the activity is to help students become familiar with how dissertations are structured and to be able to talk through what they will need to do for each of the various sections.2. Frameworks for ThinkingBuilding on the general dissertation points covered in lesson 1, this lesson gives further guidance on how to organise central ideas and the theoretical frameworks that can be used. At level 3 we expect to see students making use of relevant theories to their research questions. The use of theoretical frameworks lends clarity, structure and depth to dissertations. Also introduced is the idea of frameworks as tools for organising the analysis and development of ideas in a dissertation.Discussion: Frame your thinking (5 min)As a first step towards identifying which frameworks might be relevant for particular projects, students are encouraged to spend time thinking about ‘Big Questions’ that are relevant to their work.The ‘Big Questions’ below are given as examples in the Student Guide;How can we know things?What is truth?Is there a God?What is the mind?Do we have free will?What is the universe made from?Am I the same person today as I was yesterday? (Or when I was born)?How does language work?Activity 2: Big Questions (10 min)Ask the students to think about whether there are any ‘Big Questions’ that are relevant to their chosen topic. They should then list the questions and discuss them in small groups.Students do not always have a clear sense of the main ideas they should discuss when they start their dissertation project. Identifying central issues through a discussion exercise may help them to decide how to focus their research, thinking and writing.Discussion: Philosophical Frameworks (10 min)Discuss the idea of theoretical frameworks and how frameworks can be used to support their dissertations. The list of frameworks given (realism, relativism, theism, atheism, agnosticism, dualism, materialism, essentialism, constructivism, determinism, libertarianism, innatism and empiricism) is not mandatory and you may want to select other examples which are more relevant to the questions your students are likely to select for their topics.Activity 3: Framing Answers (15 min + homework)Once the students have identified some of the ‘Big Questions’ for their dissertation, ask them see if any of the frameworks are helpful in exploring possible answers to the questions.The aim is for students to begin thinkin g about the range of positions that link to the ‘Big Questions’. It may be useful for them to think about the ‘extreme’ positions from either end of a spectrum of ideas (with a view to identifying where they stand on the spectrum). One way of doing this would be to ask students to form a line, with either end of the line representing two different framework positions (e.g. materialism and dualism), and ask them to stand according to where they fall on the spectrum. They would then explain why they have chosen to stand where they have.3. Frameworks and DissertationsThis lesson looks at frameworks from the perspective of using them in practice.Discussion: Using frameworks (5 min)Spend a few minutes reminding students how they can use the frameworks from lesson 2 to guide and enhance their project work.This may also be a good time to remind students about the need demonstrate extension in their dissertation. Each of the case studies they will study has the potential to lead to a project with strengths in the areas of broadening skills, deepening understanding and widening perspectives. Activity 4: Using Frameworks (35 min + homework)Ask the students to look at one or more of the case studies below and think about the different theoretical frameworks that the students in the case studies are planning to use. They should then discuss the issues they identify.The case studies listed should provoke a lot of discussion and the focus should be on the role that theoretical frameworks play in each case.Case StudiesIs there a single true picture of the world?Charlotte has decided to write a dissertation exploring how science and art approach truth in different ways. Her teacher tells her that this is a very broad field, and she should look for a more focused research question. She decides to look at the question: Are there any connections between the work of Einstein and Picasso? After researching this, she finds that a central question in both the scientific work of Einstein and the artistic work of Picasso is whether or not there is a single ‘true’ description of the world. She decides that she is going to argue that both Einstein and Picasso challenge this idea. She does some more research and encounters two useful philosophical frameworks; realism and relativism.Charlotte can use these frameworks to help define her viewpoint and begin analysing the arguments. She isn’t happy with the realist view but she also disagrees with the relativists – so she needs to find a new position of her own, somewhere between the two.When does life end?Edward is interested in the question about how we define death. At what point should we say that someone is no longer alive? When he researches this question, he discovers that a traditional definition of death relied on the dualist view: death occurs when the soul leaves the body. Nowadays, we think about the question in more materialist terms: death is defined by the end of function in the parts of the brain that support consciousness.In his dissertation, Edward decides first to write a literature review exploring the history of this development, then to write a discussion in which he analyses the arguments for and against these different viewpoints. He realises that the question has many important ethical implications e.g. when a life support machine should be turned off. Edward agrees with the materialist view. He also realises that the spiritual aspect which many people associate with the question has to be discussed. Can he perhaps find a way of synthesizing the two approaches?Is there a real me?Imran has recently moved to the UK having been born and brought up in Kenya. He and all his family are Muslims. He has noticed big cultural differences between his former homeland, where religion is a prominent part of public life, and his new life in the UK. He has also noticed that it affects the way he himself thinks and acts. It raises the question: has he changed? Is he still the same person, essentially, or has the shift to a new society in some way changed his own identity? When he begins researching this, he finds many arguments which suggest that your identity is something which is shaped by forces around you. Yet he believes that there is still a sense in which he is the same person that he was before he came to the UK. Is that a point of view he can defend in his dissertation?Who is to blame?Annika has read of court cases in the USA where defence lawyers defend clients by arguing that their actions were pre-determined by processes in their brains. She wonders whether this could be true, and what difference it would make to how we go about praising and blaming people for their actions.She decides to write a dissertation exploring the question of free will and responsibility. As well as looking at some relevant case studies, she researches to find lines of argument supporting belief in free will, as well as lines of argument against. She realises that the topic she has chosen is a large and complex one, so to help keep her work focussed; she concentrates on one particular case study. As well as exploring some of the philosophical issues, she tries to find out how the law relates to questions about responsibility.Rather than answering the question directly, she decides to argue that questions like this need to be decided by looking at all aspects: scientific, philosophical and legal. She thinks the philosophical frameworks will be helpful as a guide to her thinking - which ones should she use?Does religion make you a better person?Sam read an article in a newspaper in which researchers claimed to have proved that religious people are more ethical than non-religious people. He found this intriguing and he discussed it with his teacher.Their first thought was that he could conduct an investigation/field study, using questionnaire surveys as a research tool. As they discussed it further, they realised that there were many problems about the methodology of this kind of study (how do you tell whether one person is more ethical than another? How reliable is a questionnaire when trying to find data of this kind?). There were also a lot of issues about defining concepts e.g. what do we mean by 'religion' and 'belief'?Sam decided to work on a dissertation in which he would review the research literature and go on to explore some of the ethical and philosophical questions raised. He thought that frameworks such as theism, atheism and agnosticism, as well as the ethical frameworks, would be useful.He realised that the frameworks could be combined in different ways. For example, a theist might normally accept a divine command theory of ethics, but could theists be utilitarians instead? And must atheists reject the ethical conclusions of the divine command theory? As soon as these questions had occurred to him, Sam realised that the situation was much more complicated than the newspaper article had led him to believe. One thing that was clear was that a straight-forward 'yes' or 'no' answer didn't make sense.Can you think before you can speak?Liz had a good friend who had recently given birth. Liz had met the baby on a number of occasions, both before and after he had started to talk. It had set her thinking about the relationship between language and thought. Does all thought require language? Is it really true that animals and small children, who have no language, cannot think at all? If that is the case, how do babies learn to speak? Liz decided to focus her dissertation on the question, 'can you think before you can speak?' She carried out a review of the secondary literature, but she also included some records of her own observations of her friend's child as a primary source. When she began to analyse the question further through discussion with her teacher, she encountered the debate between the innatist and empiricist perspectives. Are the ideas we use when we think something which belong in the mind from birth, or do we get them through experience? Liz wasn't sure she knew the answer, but it did seem useful to have these two frameworks in mind as a tool for identifying and exploring the links between different possible answers.。
3S技术在滑坡地质灾害中的应用3S技术在很多行业中都有着与其相关的重要的应用。
特别是在地质类行业，其扮演的角色往往是举足轻重的。
结合本专业，下面主要谈谈3S技术在滑坡地质灾害中的应用。
由于自然的变异和人为的作用所导致的地质灾害的发生，如崩塌，滑坡，泥石流等。
每年给人类社会造成重大危害，其中，滑坡灾害是全球分布范围广，影响大，破坏严重的地质灾害之一。
人类对资源的过度开发，对植被覆盖的破坏，加剧了滑坡灾害发生的频率，增加了滑坡灾害的破坏性及损失程度。
1.1 3S技术与滑坡监测对滑坡灾害的研究一直是众多学者关注的问题之一Q.Zaruba和V.Mencl 对滑坡的监测,相关理论及数据处理方法进行了比较综合的阐述#并给出大量工程实例[1]。
对滑坡产生成因，机理，风险预测及损失评估是当前滑坡地质灾害研究的重点。
摄影测量与遥感技术也被越来越广泛地应用滑坡监测与评估研究。
摄影测量可以用于生成大比例尺的三维数字高程模型，为研究滑坡体提供基础地形信息。
通过多源影像信息提取技术还可以获取更多的有效孕害背景信息。
这些信息可用作滑坡灾害风险评估的背景信息。
孕害背景信息主要包括以下几方面：1.地质水文背景基于遥感光谱特性可以进行岩性信息提取与岩石分类，判断滑坡发生的潜在地质条件，提取水系、水文信息。
高光谱遥感数据可以用于提取岩石中的矿物质成分、含量、分析地表土壤类型、利用微波传感器数据分析土壤的特性，如介电常数等，进行地表含水量反演等。
2.地形地貌特征提取摄影测量可以用于生成大比例尺的三维数字高程模型。
为研究滑坡体提供基础地形信息，遥感影像以及INSAR技术的发展也为DEM的获取提供了新的途径。
正射影像制作可以进行房屋、道路等地物信息的提取，还可通过间接分析获取地面纹理结构等信息[2]-[3]。
3.地表植被覆盖度植被覆盖情况是影响滑坡的一个重要因素，植被条件良好、地质条件稳定的区域常常不容易产生滑坡，植被差的地方就容易发生滑坡。
英语专业博士研究计划书英文回答：Doctoral Dissertation Research Proposal in English.I. Introduction.A doctoral dissertation is an extensive researchproject that represents the culmination of a student's academic journey. It is a significant undertaking that requires a high level of intellectual rigor and the ability to conduct independent research. This research proposal outlines the plan for my doctoral dissertation in English, which will explore the impact of cultural exchange on the development of English literature from the 16th to 18th centuries.II. Background.Cultural exchange has played a crucial role in thedevelopment of English literature throughout history. From the influence of classical Greek and Roman texts on Renaissance literature to the impact of colonialism on the writing of the 18th century, cultural exchange has provided English writers with new ideas, forms, and perspectives. My dissertation will examine this phenomenon in depth, focusing on how cultural exchange shaped the development of English literature during the 16th to 18th centuries.III. Research Questions.My dissertation will address the following research questions:How did cultural exchange influence the development of new literary genres and forms in English literature?How did cultural exchange shape the themes and motifs that were explored in English literature?How did cultural exchange contribute to the rise of new literary movements and schools of thought?IV. Methodology.I will employ a variety of research methods to answer my research questions, including:Close reading and analysis of literary texts.Historical research on the cultural contexts in which literary works were produced.Interdisciplinary approaches that draw on history, sociology, and cultural studies.V. Significance.My dissertation has important implications for our understanding of the development of English literature. It will provide new insights into the ways in which cultural exchange has shaped the literary landscape, and it will shed light on the complex relationship between literature and culture. My research will also have broaderimplications for our understanding of the role of cultural exchange in human history.VI. Timeline.I anticipate completing my dissertation within four years. The following is a tentative timeline:Year 1: Conduct background research and develop research questions.Year 2: Collect and analyze data.Year 3: Write the dissertation proposal and begin writing the dissertation.Year 4: Complete the dissertation and defend it.VII. Conclusion.My doctoral dissertation research proposal presents a comprehensive plan for exploring the impact of culturalexchange on the development of English literature from the 16th to 18th centuries. I believe that my research will make a significant contribution to the field of English literature and that it will have broader implications for our understanding of the role of cultural exchange in human history.中文回答：英语专业博士研究计划书。
二○○八年十一月the degree ofMar, 2008书脊(装订封面)学位论文版权使用授权书本人完全了解同济大学关于收集、保存、使用学位论文的规定，同意如下各项内容：按照学校要求提交学位论文的印刷本和电子版本；学校有权保存学位论文的印刷本和电子版，并采用影印、缩印、扫描、数字化或其它手段保存论文；学校有权提供目录检索以及提供本学位论文全文或者部分的阅览服务；学校有权按有关规定向国家有关部门或者机构送交论文的复印件和电子版；在不以赢利为目的的前提下，学校可以适当复制论文的部分或全部内容用于学术活动。
学位论文作者签名：年 月 日经指导教师同意，本学位论文属于保密，在 年解密后适用本授权书。
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签名：年 月 日I公共基础设施是国民经济赖以运行的基础。
进入21世纪，随着我国加入WTO ，国际化程度越来越高，国民经济继续快速发展，城市化水平不断提高，公共基础设施建设对经济发展的瓶颈作用显得日益突出，因此，加强公共基础设施建设成为我们的当务之急。
本文分析了我国目前公共基础设施建设的资金投资不足、管理效率低下等现状，指出了我国公共基础设施建设领域市场化改革势在必行。
在此背景下，引入项目分类理论和可销售性理论，并以此理论为基础，介绍了目前我国运用于不同属性的公共基础设施项目的几种管理模式：包括BOT 模式、项目代建制及BT 模式，并提出BT 模式在目前我国公共基础设施建设中具有广泛的适用前景。
因此，本文围绕BT 模式概念界定、适用范围、基本特征、运用意义、融资方式、运作流程、风险管理及BT 模式建设过程中的具体实施方式展开进行了系统阐述。
My home ►My courses ►English Language Centre (ELC) ►Project Presentation ►HW 1: Introductions for proposals and for reports ►English for Academic Study: Extended Writing & Research Skills Unit 1 QuizQuestion 4CorrectMark 16.00 out of16.00Flag questionQuestion 1Incorrect Mark 0.00 out of1.00Flag questionQuestion 2Correct Mark 1.00 out of1.00Flag questionQuestion 3Incorrect Mark 0.00 out of1.00Flag questionStarted onSaturday, 24 September 2016, 3:05 PM StateFinishedCompleted onSaturday, 24 September 2016, 3:15 PM Time taken10 mins 32 secs Marks 31.00/33.00Grade93.94 out of 100.00You can write an extended project to developknowledge.You can write an extended project to show you can provideevidence to support ideas.You can write an extended project to show you can express and displayideas.Correct!Which stages do these writing steps belong to? Planning, Researching, or Writing up?Write the first complete draft.Writing up Search for relevant journals/books/information in the library and on the internet.Researching Plan the content in detail.Planning Highlight/take notes of relevant information.Researching Write the contents page, bibliography, title page, and abstract.Writing up Work on establishing a clear focus.Planning Make a rough outline of your ideas.Planning Do some reading.ResearchingEdit the draft decide objectively whether your ideas have been expressed clearly.Writing up Check that sources are available/accessible.Planning Read the first draft.Writing up Write down the details of your sources.Researching Decide on a topic.Planning Decide if you need to do more reading.ResearchingQuestion 5CorrectMark 13.00 out of13.00Flag questionArrange a tutorial with your tutor.Writing up Think of a working title for the project.PlanningYour answer is correct.The correct answer is: Write the first complete draft. – Writing up, Search for relevant journals/books/information in the library and on the internet. – Researching, Plan the content in detail. – Planning, Highlight/take notes of relevant information. –Researching, Write the contents page, bibliography, title page, and abstract. – Writing up, Work on establishing a clear focus. –Planning, Make a rough outline of your ideas. – Planning, Do some reading. – Researching, Edit the draft decide objectively whether your ideas have been expressed clearly. – Writing up, Check that sources are available/accessible. – Planning, Read the first draft. – Writing up, Write down the details of your sources. – Researching, Decide on a topic. – Planning, Decide if you need to do more reading. – Researching, Arrange a tutorial with your tutor. – Writing up, Think of a working title for the project.– PlanningThis task is meant to clarify students' understanding of the types and length of writing they may have to do. It also clarifies the level of study at which the various types of writing are practiced. Please match the type of writing to the explanation ments, explanations, or highlighting added to written sources or lecture handouts. (level of student: undergraduate/postgraduate)AnnotationsWrittenup accounts of work done under experimental conditions of particular relevance to students in the scientific disciplines. (level of student: undergraduate/postgraduate/doctoral)Lab ReportAn account that gives detailed infromation about a person, group, or thing and its development over a period of time (level of student: undergraduate/postgraduate)Case StudyCombines theoretical analysis with observation and practice, e.g. a report written about work experience carried out as part of a university Business Studies course.(level of student:undergraduate/postgraduate/doctoral)Field Study ReportScholarly research work, Bachelor's level: usually 10,00020,000 words, Master's level: 15,00020,000 words (level of student: undergraduate/postgraduate)DissertationA kind of online journal or diary which anyone can read; it may include a comments facility so that readers can comment on specific posts. (level of student: undergraduate/postgraduate)BlogDescribes research; a piece of informative writing that describes a set of actions and analyzes any results in response to a specific brief (level of student: undergraduate/postgraduate)Reportinformation recorded from written sources, lectures, seminars, or tutorials for later reference.(level of student: undergraduate/postgraduate)NotesA collarborative website which can be directly edited by anyone with access to it. (level of student:undergraduate/postgraduate/doctoral)WikiScholarly research work, much longer than a dissertation (level of student: doctoral)ThesisNormally contains brief, bulleted notes used to support the information and ideas being explained by a teacher/lecturer during a class, or by presenter in a seminar at a conference.(level of student: undergraduate/postgraduate/doctoral)PowerPoint Slide (PPT)Traditional 6001,000word text written during an exam. (level of student:undergraduate/postgraduate)Essay for ExaminationWritten work submitted as port of the course requirement during termtime typically a piece of work 6006,000 words long. (level of student: undergraduate/postgraduate)Extended Essay/ProjectYour answer is correct.The correct answer is: Comments, explanations, or highlighting added to written sources or lecture handouts. (level of student:undergraduate/postgraduate) – Annotations, Writtenup accounts of work done under experimental conditions of particular relevance to students in the scientific disciplines. (level of student: undergraduate/postgraduate/doctoral) – Lab Report, An account that gives detailed infromation about a person, group, or thing and its development over a period of time (level ofstudent: undergraduate/postgraduate) – Case Study, Combines theoretical analysis with observation and practice, e.g. a reportFlag question。
UNIVERSITY OF LINCOLN Faculty of Business and Management Off Campus ProgrammesPostgraduate Dissertation ProposalStudent Name:Harald HofpeterStudent Enrolment Number: 008046950Centre: FH LudwigshafenAward: MBAProvisional Title:An investigation in contemporary approaches to manage software development projects following an eclectic approach to process improvement through the application of a set of best practices.Main Subject Area of Dissertation: (Please Tick One box Only) Accounting and Finance Administrative Management Business Law ECommerceEconomics European Studiesand InternationalBusiness Human Resource Management Information Systems XMarketing and Advertising Management Decision Making ModernLanguages QualityManagementStrategic Management EducationOtherForm Dis04Dissertation ProposalName of StudentHarald HofpeterSeelenpoint 1a90427 NürnbergTel. 0049 911 302855hofpeter@gmx.deDissertation SupervisorGreg KinseyProgramPostgraduate MBA - International Management Consulting1. Proposed Project Area/Title:This research will be dedicated to the subject area of software project management and will investigate the planning and execution of software development projects. Consequently, other common issues of software project management, which are for example related to people or technology, are not within the scope of this research. The proposed title of the dissertation is:An investigation in contemporary approaches to manage software development projects following an eclectic approach to process improvement through the application of a set of best practices.The Webster dictionary defines a process as a "particular method of doing something, generally involving a number of steps or operations". In accordance to this definition, a software development process can be characterised as a network of high-level and low-level activities that need to be performed during a software development endeavour. Within this network, each activity is associated with a role, a method, a deliverable, and a set of tools (Fayad, 1997:101)2. Proposed Aim(s) and Objectives:It is important to note that most of the popular software development process models refuse to discuss influential factors. Rather, it is assumed that the process model is flexible enough to cope with any adversities that must be expected in the real world. This dissertation, however, is aimed at proving this assumption wrong and it is intended to show that the situation is indeed an important influential factor for selection and configuration of process models.The dissertation will critically reflect the practiced methods and will attempt to formulate an eclectic and situational approach, which will be based on popular process models and developed in three consecutive steps:• Development of an analytical framework for the evaluation of the most popular process models.• Analysis of the current approaches of experienced practitioners to utilise process models in software development projects.• Identification of a set of best practices that lead to an improvement of the current approaches by a situational combination of different elements of the examined process models.3. Relationship to previous work:The literature discusses several aspects of software engineering and project management. Wöhe (2002:186) characterises software engineering as the attempt to reach higher programming efficiency by the application of certain methods, procedures, and tools of engineering technologies. The survey "European Software Management Practices" points out that "the quality of a software product is largely determined by the quality of the software development and maintenance processes used to built it". This survey, however, also reveals, that hundreds of European companies reject or ignore most of today's software management practices (Dutta et al, 1998). In addition, Dodd (1995; as cited by Dutta et al.,1998) views software development as an organisational and management challenge, "as it is increasingly recognized that purely technological solutions yield benefits that are difficult to sustain and often eroded". Fayad (1997:102) also comes to the conclusion that "it is the management's job to show how process will help achieve the overall goals…". Moreover, the cost estimation for software projects is often unpredictable. Strahringer (2002) references a survey of 250.000 software projects which was conducted in 1994 and showed that the average project was 222% over time and 800% over budget. One prominent example is the German Ministry of Finance's FISKUS project for tax calculation. The planed investigation was 150 Mio. € the estimate cost will be at 1.4 Billion. €.Boehm (2003) claims, "most software project failures are caused by value-oriented shortfalls such as lack of user input, incomplete requirements, changing requirements, lack of resources, unrealistic expectations, unclear objectives, and unrealistic timeframes".On the other hand, most of today's approaches, as discussed in Section Literature Review: to software management focus on process improvement.This research, however, will show that these approaches do not sufficiently take into account situational factors and therefore do not address the actual root causes as identified by Boehm.4. Plan of work:See Appendix A5. Literature Review:The literature discusses several generic process models which are typically used by software development organisations to derive their specific engineering models. It will be shown that the various models follow different paradigms. Some, for example, are focused on the definition of detailed process steps, while others employ incremental and iterative techniques to achieve the evolutionary advancement of their deliverables. All of them, however, strike for the overarching goal of software product quality.The attempt to take action against the chaotic approaches towards software development has a long tradition. As early as 1956, Benington introduced a phase model. The main elements of this linear model were operational plan, program specification, coding specification, coding, parameter testing, assembly testing, and shakedown. Royce (1970) extended this linear model by back loops to the previous phase and created the so called waterfall model.Boehm (1998) recognized that the rules and laws of industrial production cannot be successfully adapted to software development and provided the first iterative and evolutionary-incremental approach in form of the spiral model. This model distinguishes itself for the reason that the sequence of process steps will be executed several times. In addition, the spiral model introduced steps for validation and risk analysis.The Rational Unified Process, as described by Kruchten (2000), is a comprehensive approach to software engineering. This iterative and incremental process defines a generic process framework, which can be tailored for different areas of applications, organisations, and sizes of projects.Extreme Programming, introduced by Beck (1999), is a so-called lightweight agile process. It focuses on teams, between two and ten project members. Beck sees the advantage of his approach in the capability to handle requirement changes in a more effective way, which enables a strong customer focus.6. Methodology:Several factors call for an inductive approach for this research. Firstly, the limited resources do not permit an exhaustive data collection as required for an quantitative analysis. At the same time, the differences of software development projects across organisations suggest a qualitative analysis that can take into account the particular set of circumstances under which the data has been collected (Saunders et al., 1997:86). Secondly, in accordance to Gill and Johnson (1997:33), the inductive approach also allows to build up on the author’s personal experience in the area of software project management.In this respect, the aim of the dissertation will be addressed through desk research and structured interviews.The desk research will begin with text books related to the management of software development projects and software engineering to identify the basic theories. In addition, articles in journals and symposium or workshop reports discussing applicability, advantages and disadvantages and limitations of process models for software development.The results of the desk research will help to design an appropriate questionnaire for the structured interviews. In depth expert interviews will be used to confirm the results of the structured interview. According to Gill and Johnson (1997:1), "Research methodology is always a compromise between options, and choices are frequently determined by availability of resources" this option strongly depends on the availability of the interview partners. The resources available for my project suggest, that I resort to a combination of convenience and snowball sampling (Saunders et al., 1997:175) for the primary research.7. Resources:The selection of the resources has been limited by the fact that there is no financial support available. For my project, the following resources are available.• Personal Network: Twelve years of professional experience put me into the position of having a well populated address book at hand. I have identified 24individuals, who not only have the required level of expertise, but might alsowant to participate in my project because they are interested in the subject.Some members of my personal network have also offered to serve asgatekeepers to additional professionals.• Libraries: There are several university (e.g. University of Erlangen, University of Applied Sience NuermbergUniversity of Mannheim, FH Ludwigshafen)and public libraries (e.g. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek) I have access to. Inaddition, university libraries offer a nation wide inter library loan service.• Association for Computing Machinery: This special interest group for computer professionals provides several valuable resources. Most of them can be directly accessed online via the “Digital Virtual Library”:8. Bibliography:Beck, K. (1999). EXtreme Programming EXplained, Addison-Wesley.Benington H. D. (1956). Production of Large Computer Programs, Symposium on advanced programming methods for digital computers,June 1956.Boehm B. W. (1998). A Spiral Model of Software Development and Enhancement, IEEE Computer, 21:5, 61-72Boehm B. W. (2003). Value-Based Software Engineering, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 28:2, 1-12Brooks, F. (1995). The Mythical Man-month, Addison-Wesley.Coldewey J. (2003). Änderbare Software: Was Softwareentwicklung mit Thermodynamik verbindet, Objektspektrum 2003:1, 26-31Dodd J.(1995). Software Process 1, European Software Institute. 1995:8, 67-68. Dutta S., Van Wassenhove L. N., Kulandaiswamy S. (1998). European Software Management Practices, Communications of the ACM 41:6, 77-86Fayad M. (1997). Software Development Process: A Necessary Evil, Communications of the ACM 40:9, 101-103Gill, J. and Johnson, P. (1997). Research Methods for Managers, Paul Chapman Publishing.Hruschka Dr. P. (2003). Iterationen: Von 3 Stunden bis 3 Jahre, Objektspektrum 2003:1, 13-18Kopetzky V. (2003), Wie werde ich iterativ? Ein Projekt-Ratgeber, Objektspektrum 2003:1, 20-25Kruchten P. (2000).The Rational Unified Process: A Introduction, 2nd ed, Addison-Wesley.Montgomery W. (1992), OOPSALA '92, Workshop Report – Iterative Development, Addendum to the Proceedings, Vancouver, British Columbia, 103Newkrik J. (2002). ICSE '02, Introducing to Agile Process and Extreme Programming, May 19-25, Orlando, Florida,695-696OOPSALA'92, Workshop Report – Iterative Development, Addendum to the Proceedings, Vancouver, British Columbia, 103Royce W. (1990). TRW's Ada Process Model for Incremental Development of Large Software Systems, IEEE 1990Royce W. W. (1970). Managing the Development of Large Software Systems: Concepts and Techniques, Proceedings IEEE WESCON, 1-9Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (1999). Research Methods for Business Students, Prentice Hall.Strahringer, S. (2002). Software Lifecycle, European Business School Schloss Reichartshausen, (online) (cited 12 March 2003). Available fromhttp://wwwfl.ebs.de/Lehrstuehle/Wirtschaftsinformatik/NEW/Courses/Semester3/BIS 3/WI3Teil2.pdf.Wöhe, G. (2002). Einführung in die Allgemeine Betriebswirtschaftslehre, Vahlen. Checked by:________________ _______________________________KinseyDateGreg- SUPERVISOR -Appendix AM M.01.07.29.07.09.09.06.11.15.01.29。
suggestions on writing a dissertationpage length:standard 225 low 100 high 450total effective work months from topic formulation to acceptance: standard 15 low 11 high 22breakdown: (work months)topic refinement and proposal developmentstandard 2 low 1 high 3search prior research in depthstandard 1 low 1 high 3research & analysis activitystandard 7 low 5 high 12writing, editing & proof readingstandard 5 low 3 high 8selection of a dissertation topicfirst, examine the following:award- winning dissertations in the candidate’s field orrelated fields.recent dissertations in the selected field at variousuniversities.good recent dissertations as suggested by faculty in thedepartment.the best dissertations suggested by the advisor.(discussions with other students, faculty, and the advisorare also helpful.)characteristics of a good dissertation topic:1.research needed and interesting2.theory base for research3.amenable to research methods4.achievable in reasonable time5.symmetry of potential outcomes6.matches student capabilities & interests7.attractive for funding8.area for professional development9.must make a contribution to knowledgeworking with the advisorthe advisor serves as a sponsor, a guide, a critic, a facilitator, and important source of support. the advisor should do the following: provide guidancerespond to the papers given to read within a reasonable time be reasonably consistent in adviceprotect the student from unreasonable demandsassist the student at those times when the voice of a faculty member advocate is necessarygenerally aid the student in pursuing the dissertation project in working with the advisor the student is expected to:do what he or she says will be done when promised (or explain why it cannot be done)have integrity in research & writingkeep in communicationprepare documents for commentfollow a method of presentation that effectively uses the advisor’s and committee’s timebe reasonable in making demands on the time of the advisor and the committeebe open to suggestions and to advice, but also show initiative taking notesmake a list of all the information sources that you are able to locate on your subject. put this information into a computer or on4 by 6 inch bibliography cards arranged in alphabetical order by the authors' last names. if the name of the author is not known, alphabetize by the first word in the title (not including a, an, or the). either number each entry in your computer list, or number each card in the upper right-hand corner.as you read the material listed in your bibliography take notes on ideas and write down quotations relating to the focus of your research. keep your notes on the same size cards that you use for bibliography. put the number of the related bibliography entry in the upper right-hand corner of the note card.checklist1.does the proposal have imagination?2.is the problem stated clearly?3.is the methodology feasible?4.what might the results of the analysis look like?5.what are the consequences to the dissertation if:A.the experiment failsB.data cannot be obtainedC.only a small amount of data existsD.the analysis is inconclusiveE. the hypothesis is rejected / accepted?6.can major research activities be listed?7.can a time estimate be attached to each major activity?8.is the dissertation trying to do too much?computer softwaresearch for datacommunications software including internet and world wide web accessmodel processesflowcharting, drawing, and process-modeling software. financial-modeling software. simulation softwareplan and schedulespreadsheet software, personal information management software, or project management softwarefile and retrieve datadata base softwareauthorword processing, including spell checker, grammar checker and outlineranalyze dataspeadsheet software, statisical software, and specialized analysis softwarepresent resultspresentation software, including graphics, charting, and multimediamajor eventsearly selection of general area for dissertation researchtentative selection of advisor and committee supportive of probable dissertation areacourse work designed to support probable dissertation areasetting up of dissertation ideas filefamiliarity with library research tools available at university in your area of interestfamiliarity with computer search tools available in your area of interestidentification of several possible topicsexploratory search of literature and prior research on possible topicspreparation of several topic analysesevaluation of topics with advisor (and perhaps committee)selection of a topic and preparation of a proposalrefining of proposal until acceptedproposal defense (or committee review) to arrive at understanding that if research defined in proposal is done in a scholarly way and written up in suitable dissertation form, it will be acceptedpreparation of time schedulereview of critical dates with advisorestablishment of research log or journal and research document filing systemestablishment of backup file for all drafts of chaptersuse of communication/documentation methodsreport of committee meetingsnote summarizing significant discussionagenda for meeting of committeeuse of aids to advisor/committee review of draftstransmittal memoissue summarychapter outlinesjournal article(s) planned & outlineddefense completed (congratulations!)rules on how to write dissertation (style)mla style: giving credit in the body of your paper when quoting references rather than in footnotes or endnotes.university of chicago style: giving credit for references in footnotes and endnotesconsult mla handbook for writers of research papers for detailed instructionsat all costs avoid plagiarism to protect the integrity of your work。
Dissertation projectPart 2BATCH 27 Lecturer: Mr Patrick HiStudent ID:0602/1066Name:Yang bin rongOverview1. Introduction of east asiainstitute of management2. Graduation ceremony3. EASB Annual Dinner4. Job description5. conclusionIntroduction of east asia institute of managementEast Asia Institute of Management founded in 2001.Registered with the Ministry of of Education, Singapore.A leading provider of awide range of academic and professional programs. Established collaborative partnerships with several overseas universities that have recognized the quality of the programs offered at mitted to academic excellence and community service as ref lected in its vision, mission and key beliefs.Awarded the highest educational excellence award, The Singapore Quality Class for Private Education Organizations in 2003.Four other groups of PEOs, namely, Washington Business School, Coleman College, Uptrend Business School & JE Computer & Education Centre have been almagamated in the EASB group .With this almagation the Collaborative Group has about 3000 students and 150 Academic Staff.Graduation ceremonyTitle: EASB Graduation CeremonyDate: 10 Dec, 2010Time: 7:00 a.m. to 12:00 P.M.Venue:EASB School Hall, QMU CampusEntry Fee: $96, inclusive of dinner(inclusive of group photo-taking session)hold an event with a novel theme, something that is catchy, hasn‟t been done before, and that will be an interesting and useful learning experience for us, the organizers.It is also an opportunity for us to show our varied capabilities, and put our organizing skills to good use.The school chose to hold the event on the 10th of Dec, it is a Friday, which is the last working day and students would be free and willing to attend the event.This graduation ceremony is a once in a lifetime opportunity and is also very major milestone in our life. we should be proud to go on stage with the gownto receive the scroll and take photos. This graduation ceremony is our big day and today was the proudest moment for over 900 EASB students.All the sweat and tears and years of hard work finally paid off for this very day, is the EASB Graduation 2010.This year, the school are proud to have upon Guest of Honor Dr. Wang Kai Yuen, Deputy Chairman of China Aviation Oil (S) Corporation limited, to grace this joyous event held in EASB Balestier campus hall. Joining him on stage are representatives from our partner universities; Professor Antony J Chapman, Vice-Chancellor and Principal, Professor Jacqui Hare, Deputy-Vice-Chancellor, Learning & Teaching, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, Dr. Christine Bovis-Cnossen, Dean, School of Arts and Social Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Dr. Emory McLendon, International Coordinator, Faculty of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Ms. Sharah Tsui, Regional Director-Asia, Edinburgh Business School, Heriot Watt University.The graduation ceremony started off with the Singapore National Anthem followed by a bidding prayer blessing all graduates. Dr. Andrew Chua, Principal and Executive Chairman of EASB, then formally kicked off the ceremony with an opening speech and declaration. Following that, our Guest of Honor Dr. Wang Kai Yuen took the stage to congratulate graduates on their journey towards a successful career.Present to confer the degrees to ready and confident graduates, our distinguished guests include Professor Antony J Chapman, Vice-Chancellor and Principal, UWIC, Dr. Christine Bovis-Cnossen, Dean, School of Arts and Social Sciences, QMU, and Dr. Emory McLendon, International Coordinator, Faculty of Business, USQAnxiety and excitement filled the entire hall as students waited impatiently for their turn on the stage to receive their scroll. Tears of joy were seen on parents‟ faces as they witnessed the proud est moment of their child on stage..Agent‟s Convention 20109th December 2010 –The annual agent‟s convention was held at the Balestier campus this year. With the theme “Holistic Experience, Teaching & Practice” the convention showcased the vibrant student experience in EASB, with various performances and exhibits from students. Also, the event highlighted various updates to the academic and training offerings in EASB. Guests were treated to a ensemble of songs performed by the students led by UWIC student Wu Han. The crowd were treated to popular hits such as …You are not alone‟ by the late Michael Jackson and …Don‟t want to miss a thing‟ by Aerosmith. student band, led by Wu Han, charming the crowd with their ensemble of songs and performances Students performed the duet, qian li zhi wai with western musical instruments such as bass and drums. After a sumptuous lunch, visitors witnessed the EASB Toastmasters‟ Speech Contest, where students were invited to present on “topic” to showcase their language ability. Next, the guest were invited for a tour around the campus. They viewed facilities such as the Physical Assessment Lab, where they learned more about health sciences and how practical learning is integrated into the curriculum. They also visited the Language Lab and the Hospitality Training Centre. After the tour, the guests were invited for 2 workshops. The first workshop was on Personal grooming. This allowed the guest to experience first hand how students are taught to project themselves positively and confidently. This is especially crucial for Hospitality & Tourism students who will have to interact frequently with people. Ending the day, was …Discovering & Using the Whole Brain‟, conducted by EASB‟s Executive Director Dr TanJing Hee, for the guests to experience the sort of skills development training that EASB conducts for the studentsEASB ANNUAL DINNER 2010PROGRAMMEEASB ANNUAL DINNER 2010 is a dance dinner event that we plan to hold to partially fulfill the requirements of our dissertation project (DP) in lieu of the hospitality internship.hall layoutFood and BeverageFood:This will be an F&B event, with a buffet dinner consisting of 10 dishes including dessert. The dishes that will be served at the event are:- Most of our students are from China, and also the rest of the students are from Asian countries, so they are familiar with Chinese cuisine.- We have vegetarian dishes for guests who are vegetarians- From a brief survey among our classmates, we found that a lot of successful events that we had attended served Chinese food.After looking at a few caterers, we have hired pin si- Catering (Contact Person: pin si, 67588177) to provide the food for this event. The reasons chose this caterer over the others are:-the school have a good relationship with the caterer.- He offers a good variety of dishes.-His price is lower than the other caterers whom we contacted, so we get a good value of money.Apart from the food, the caterer will also provide the following:- Ceramic plates- Ceramic bowl- Ceramic spoons and Wooden chopsticks- Napkin- Glassware- ToothpicksWe expect that the food will be to our guests‟ liking. This is importantbecause good food will contribute greatly to the success of the event.Seating ArrangementWe will have more than one 50 dining tables, with 9 guests per table. (more than 100 chairs)- Each table will be 4m x 4m- The tables will have red table skirts.- Apart from the dining chairs, we will also provide 60 free chairs where guests can sit if they wish to do so.- Please refer to the Photos for table and chair arrangement.- We will allow guests to seat themselves, but we will also have two ushers to help with the seating.- We will try our best to seat guests according to their preferences. I.E. groups of friends would be seated at the same table as much as possible.DRINKSHere will be a free flow of soft drinks during the event.There is a soft drink station at the bar, manned by Waiter. The drinks served are Coca Cola, Seven Up, and orange juice. The drinks will be served by waite.Alcohol served are wuliangye,500 ml ,Grape wine,500 ml.ENTERTAINMENTA night of fun, entertainment, cheers and of course, a sense of pride. It was an event that treated the EASB family, our distinguished guests, agents, and graduates, with a feast of visual entertainment, and of course a sumptuous spread on the table.The Annual Dinner 2010 –“one moment of glory”. With over 400 staff, guests, and students turn up, the grand hall was filled with people dressed to the nines.EASB Idol 2010The highlights of the day which drew the loudest cheers & jeers from the crowd was the EASB Idol. Each of their own, all 12 finalists of EASB Idol 2010 performed and competed against each other to win the title as EASB Idol.T he idols have gone through several weeks of continuous training and emotions spurs upon the announcement of finalists. Contestants were greeted with a wave of applause and cheers as they took to stage and mesmerized the crowd with their songs.From a rendition of Ruslana‟s wild dance to ye lai xiang by Teresa teng, Who would become the winner?Winner– Zhou Wenjun1st runner-up - Tan Wei Le Willard2nd runner-up – Mu XinLucky DrawAlso, another that everyone was waiting for – the Lucky Draw. This year‟s prizes were indeed enticing with prizes like the Xbox, Iphone 4, a video camcorder and a camera to name a few. No wonder everyone was looking forward to the lucky draw.EASB chose these games because they are quick, engaging and fun, and are quite interactive. Guests can have fun participating in the games as well as watching them and cheering the participants. While being challenging, the games are not embarrassing, so students will not feel unwilling to participate. We expect that there will be a lot of funny moments while the games are being played.The lucky draw will be held at the end to ensure that most guests stay through the duration of the event. This is a common gimmick used at most events, and has proven to be effective.Congratulations to the award winners.Event DocumentationThe EASB photography club will help us take photographs during the event, which will be posted online for the guests to see. We also plan to design acollage out of the photographs and display it at the school lobby or at the cafeteria after the event.SWOT AnalysisStrengths-There are very few school events every year-The theme of the party is a strong selling point-It‟s never been done before at EASB-The location is a strength because it is easily accessible, and all the students know where it is.Weakness-None of us in the group has had any event-planning experience-The school hall is not sound-proof and the neighbours will be disturbed.-Language barrier-People generally like to start dance parties later in the night, around 9:00 P.M, and end close to midnight.Opportunities-Learning opportunity for the group, to develop our communication, marketing, and event-planning skills.-We have the opportunity to ask the school to sponsor us with water and furniture for the event.-We can ask teachers to bring their friends to the event.-The dinner entertainment is an opportunity to showcase some of the EASB talentThreats-Many people may not turn up for the event-Students might get drunk and cause trouble-Students may create messes and vandalise the school property-Loss of personal property during the eventSignagesAll the signs will be printed on A4 size paper and laminated, and stuck on the wall/glass with blue tack.Directions - 2 one on the ground floor and one on the glass doors on the 2nd floorSmoking area - -2- one on the glass door, and one along the corridorEquipmentEASB hire the following equipment from an equipment rental company through the DJ. Based on the dimensions of the school hall and the nature of the event, they suggested we use the following:1 ) EFFECTS LIGHTING SYSTEM (Lights Mounted on T Stands)X2 Xigoner Standalone 100mW Duo Color red/green Laser Light (Sound Activated)X2 LED SUN Light 250w Party Light (Sound Activated)X1TRIHEAD TWISTER (Sound Activated Lighting)X1 SMOKE MACHINES (10A 220V )( 4 LTR DISPENSER )2 ) FRONT OF HOUSE SOUND SYSTEMX4 OBE PS15 2-WAY 15” FULL RANGE SPEAKERS (FOH) (500WATT PER CABINET )X1 MACKIE SRM450 12” ACTIVE SPEAKERS (DJ MONITOR) (450WATT PER CABINET )X2 OBE DOUBLE 18” SUB SPEAKERS (1800 WATT PER CABINET )X2 OBE DA800/1000 DIGITAL POWER AMPLIFIERX1 31 BAND EQUALISERX1 OBE SM PROCESSORX2 SHURE WIRELESS MICSX1 LOTALL HARDWARE IN RUGGED FLITE CASES WITH CASTORSX1 rain sl57 DISCO PRO MIXER (Change mixer if u need)X2 PIONEER CDJ1000MK3 DJ CD PLAYERS3) RequirementsWe require minimum 2 x 13 Amp Power sockets (10/20Amps) each for powering the system up.Clean UpTasks that need to be done1. Clean all the dining/tall tables with a spray and a cloth.2. Pick up all the trash from the floor using a broom and dustpan if necessary.3. Clear all the rubbish bags and take them outside the cafeteria under the stairs.4. Sound and light equipment is dismantled by the equipment supplier5. Clear up all the decorations6. Mop the bar area and the buffet area7. Remove all the signages and posters8. Clean up the smoking area9. Take all the rubbish bins back downstairs.10. Clean up the storage area behind the stage.Job descriptionDuring the event, we responsible for staging,our team total have 8 people,our leader is serena who responsible for directing and assign tasks to us.we are going to take precautions to prevent avoidable accidents and ensure things go smoothly.,especiall led the performers leave the stage, to awardprizes,Preparations for the next program and All preparations.our management team will be wearing black t-shirt and jeans, this will allow the guests to recognize us easily and the audience can not see us.Stage layoutConclusionIt was a scintillating evening filled with song, dance, fun and laughter for EASB staff and students as one and all gathered for our Annual Dinner & Dance on 10th Dec 2010 at EASB School Hall. With distinguished guests from all over the continents, it was a night where guests were treated to interesting performances, sumptuous food, games and prizes.We believe that we have covered most of the details for the event in this proposal, although we should expect to find and address things that we have overlooked. On the whole, we feel that we have enough time to prepare for the event, and that it will be a success.。
