2023年牛津上海版中考英语语法专项练习-+定语从句和宾语从句

2023年中考英语二轮复习专项讲义与练习宾语从句一、定义：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。

二、宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

三、根据作用的不同，宾语从句的连接词通常分类以下几类：1. that 本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略。

He said (that) Kate was good at swimming.2. what, which, who, whose, whom等连接代词在从句中作一定的成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

I don’t know what they are going to do.3. when（表时间），where（表地点），why（表原因），how（表方式）等连接副词在从句中作状语。

Could you tell me where you live?4. if / whether 意为“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略。

He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher. 【难点1】只用连接词whether的情况(1)与or not连用：(2)与动词不定式连用：(3)连接词前有介词时：(4) Whether 放在句首I’m thinking about __________ I should see the film.I haven’t decided __________ to go to the cinema.I’m not sure __________ or not it’s worth seeing the film.【难点2】特殊疑问句本身语序为陈述语序的句子Who broke the window? ; Who’s the first man to walk on the moon?What’s the matter/the trouble? ; What’s up/wrong?What happened last night? ; Which is the way to the nearest hospital?What’s in the box?【难点3】宾语从句和简单句的转换I don’t know what I can/should do next. = I don’t know what to do next.He couldn’t decide which one he could/should buy(=which one to buy).Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo? = Could you tell me ________________?结论：1. 当主句的____与从句的_____一致时，且主句的谓语动词是know, decide, learn等时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。

宾语从句专项讲解及练习（有答案）宾语从句一、基本概念定义：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

二、宾语从句分类动词的宾语从句e.g.He asked whose handwriting was the best.介词的宾语从句e.g.It depends on whether it is going to rain.形容词的宾语从句,即系词+心理状态形容词+宾语e.g I am afraid that he can't finish the work.三、宾语从句用法详解1.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。

即主语+谓语的顺序。

如：I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.注意：在宾语从句中带有特殊疑问词但句序不变的句子：What’s the matter?What’s your trouble?What’s your problem?What’s up?What’s your name?典型例题1.Can you tell me ____?A .whom do we have to see B. whom we have to see2. The teacher asked the students ____.A. what they were doingB. what were they doing3. She wants to know____.A. where does he liveB. Where he lives4. Her father asked _____.A. who the tallest isB. who is the tallest5.Do you know ____?A. what is on the desk B . what on the desk is答案：BABBA2.宾语从句的时态1）. 若主句时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。

第16章定语和定语从句I. 定语1. 定语通常由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词和分词等表示，副词有时也可作定语;当用一个句子作定语时，这个句子即为定语从句。

2. 定语可放在它所修饰的名词前，为前置定语，也可放在它所修饰的名词后，为后置定语。

3. 现在分词作定语有主动和(或)进行的含义; 过去分词作定语则有被动和(或)完成的含义。

a sleeping boy=a boy who is sleeping一个正在睡觉的男孩a recorded talk=a talk which was recorded一次录音谈话frozen food=food which is frozen冷冻食物frozen river=river which has frozen结冰的河流boiling water=water which is boiling正在沸腾的水boiled water=water which has been boiled煮沸的水a speaking bird=a bird which speaks一只会说话的鸟spoken language=language which is spoken口语falling tide= tide which is falling落潮fallen leaves=leaves which have fallen落叶专项训练1用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. The atmosphere is essential to all __________ things. (life)2. That group ended the project within the __________ time. (give)3. There is a __________ river near our housing estate. (pollution)4. __________ drivers are threats to the lives of pedestrians. (care)5. You were lucky to have such __________ weather for you holiday. (lover)6. The ___________ trip to Bund made every student excited. (enjoy)7. Ancient Greek culture is very important in ___________ history. (Europe)8. Their shop sells hats in ___________ shapes, colours and sizes. (vary)9. My brother never loses a ___________ desire to be a __________ footballer. (burn,professor)10. As usual, the manger will cut down ___________ hours on New __________ Eve.(work, year)专项训练11.living2.given3.polluted4.Careless5.lovely6.enjoyable7.European8.various9.burning, professional 10.working, Year’sII. 定语从句i. 由关系代词引导的定词从句1. 定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引导。

沪教牛津宾语从句和定语从句讲义宾语从句(Object Clause):宾语从句是一个句子，用来充当主句中的宾语。

通常以连词（that, whether/if, what, who, whom, whose, which等）引导。

常见引导词：•that•whether/if•what•who•whom•whose•which宾语从句结构：1.主句+ 连词+ 从句2.从句充当主句的宾语例句：1.I believe (that) he is honest.2.She asked whether/if I could help.3.Tell me what you want.4.I know who did it.5.The book which she is reading is interesting.定语从句(Relative Clause):定语从句是一个句子，用来修饰主句中的名词或代词。

通常以关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that等）引导。

常见引导词：•who•whom•whose•which•that定语从句结构：1.主句+ 关系词+ 从句2.从句修饰主句中的名词或代词例句：1.The boy who is playing the piano is talented.2.This is the book which I borrowed from the library.3.The woman whose car is parked outside is my neighbor.4.The movie that we watched last night was amazing.5.I have a friend whom you might like to meet.注意事项：•当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。

•The book (that) I am reading is fascinating.•在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词不可省略。

一、选择题1．— How often do you eat junk food(垃圾食品)?—________.A．Two weeks B．Never C．In the morning D．This weekend B解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：——你多久吃一次垃圾食品？——从不吃。

考查频率表达。

two weeks 两周；never 从不；in the morning在早上; this weekend这个周末。

根据how often 可知是问频率，只有never 可以表达频率。

故选B。

2．—Do you often go shopping with your mom, Mike?—You know, most boys ________ go shopping, but I do.A．sometimes B．usually C．hardly C解析：C【解析】【详解】句意：——Mike，你经常和你妈妈一起去购物吗？——你知道，大部分的男孩几乎不去购物，但是我去。

考查频度副词。

A. sometimes有时；B. usually通常；C. hardly几乎不。

根据常识可知，大部分的男孩不喜欢购物，所以几乎不去购物，故选C。

3．My sister is too young to_______herself_______.A．look at;good B．look like;well C．look after;good D．look after;well D 解析：D【解析】【详解】句意：我的妹妹太小了不能照顾好自己。

考查动词短语辨析及形容词、副词辨析。

look at看……；look like看起来像；look after照顾；good好的，形容词；well好，副词。

根据句意可知，这里表示“太小不能照顾自己”，用短语look after；第二个空修饰第一个空的动词短语，应用副词。

故选D。

4．—Does Mary________come to see you?—Yeah! She comes to see me every weekend.A．never B．oftenC．soon D．only B解析：B【解析】【详解】句意：——Mary经常来看你吗？——是的！她每个周末都来看我。

教师姓名学生姓名年级初三上课时间学科英语课题名称宾语从句专题宾语从句专题第1页Ⅰ.定义1.宾语从句，顾名思义，是一个用作宾语的句子。

例如：I don’t know if / whether my father will come back tomorrow. （我不知道明天我爸爸是否会回来。

）Tom can’t decide which sweater he should buy. （汤姆不能决定应该买哪一件羊毛衫。

）We all know（that）the sun rises in the east. （我们都知道太阳在东方升起。

）Ⅱ.语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序主语十谓语+宾语从句(从句由“连接词+陈述句”构成Ⅲ. 连接词1.that引导宾语从句只起连接作用，其本身没有意义，在口语中常可省略：主语+谓语+宾语从句(“ that+陈述句”)I think（that）you should be more careful．我觉得你应多加小心。

I’m afraid（that）he won’t come on time．我恐怕他不会准时到。

2.whether/if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”：主语+谓语+宾语从句(“whether+陈述句”)I wonder whether/ if he will come.我想知道他是否会来。

第2页【注意】只用whether不用if的情况①引导介词后的宾语从句时It depends on whether it will snow tomorrow.②与or not连用时I ask your secretary whether she could come or not.③与不定式连接I really don't know whether to accept or refuse.3.疑问代词和疑问副词引导宾语从句疑问代词who，which，what，whose，whom以及疑问副词when，where，how，why均引导宾语从句，但一定要注意用陈述句语序。

定语从句定语从句基本概念•什么是定语？•This is an ugly dog•I saw a man on the bus•I know the boy who is drinking tea •This is the man wants to see you.• A clock is a machine tells people the time.•The book is on the table is mine.•The man was passing by saw what happened.•The man I met yesterday lent me some money.•Here is the pen you lost the day before yesterday.•The man you went to see has come.•These books you lent me were very useful.•:•The people who we met at the party were very friendly.•The people who work in the office are very friendly.•What have you done with the money that I gave you.•What happened to the money that was on the table?•It was the worst film that I’ve ever seen.•It was the worst thing that has ever happened to me.•Among the many dangers sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog .• A. which• B. what• C. where• D. when•Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.• A. that• B. which• C. as• D. what1。

宾语从句一、（知识点名称）宾语从句概念【知识梳理】宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。

句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式充当，当一个句子充当宾语时，我们把这个句子叫做宾语从句。

【例题精讲】例1. I like my teacher. （名词作宾语）例2. I know him. （代词作宾语）例3. I enjoy playing basketball. （动名词作宾语）例4. I decide to study hard. （不定式作宾语）We know that Yao Ming is a famous basketball player.宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语，并有一个连接词引导。

【课堂练习】They are from China. He says.→He says that they are from China.There will be a meeting in five days. My teacher told me.→My teacher told me that there would be a meeting in five days.Can you speak Chinese? I want to know.→I want to know whether you can speak Chinese.When does the train arrive? Please tell me.→Please tell me when the train arrive.二、（知识点名称）宾语从句引导词【知识梳理】陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。

在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry，sure，afraid，glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也算是宾语从句【例题精讲】例1. My teacher said that I was a good boy.例2. She doesn’t know that she is seriously ill.例3.I’m sorry that I don’t know.例4.I’m sure that he will succeed.【知识梳理】当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。