中国海洋大学研究生入学考试——基础英语2007答案15

Unit 1Part AIPrefix Meaning Examplesbi- tri- poly- twothreemany, muchbilateraltriamyloepolycystichyper- ab- ad- peri- over, above, excessive, fromaway fromto, toward, neararound, surroundinghypertensionabnormaladhesionpericardiummal- ant(i)- hypo- ill, bad, pooragainstdeficientmalnutritionantibacterialhypothyroidII1-6 IFJLAB 7-12 KCDGEHPart B1.The holidays are supposed to be happy, but it is easy to gain weight and feel overstressed.2.Avoid nibbling between meals, choose low-calorie foods, and don't drink too much.3.Indigestion.4.Because drinks are highly caloric.5.Try to avoid doing too much, and get plenty of rest.Aerobic exercise, calisthenics and anaerobic exercise.Part CText AComprehension CheckI1.Holistic medicine is a system of alternate medicine. It visualizes the body as a whole andviews body as more than the sum of the parts. It tries to attain a perfect harmony by fosteringa cooperative relationship among all those involved, leading towards optimal attainment of2新编基础医学英语答案部分the physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual aspects of health. It focuses on education and responsibility for personal efforts to achieve balance and well being.2.Holistic Health is a total approach to life both in physical and spiritual terms. The goal ofholistic healing is to achieve maximum body function, where individual body parts are functioning the very best that is possible by themselves.3.In mainstream medicine, a holistic approach generally means a more inclusive approach to aperson's health, one that includes the patient's social and cultural situation as well as her or his illness.4.Holistic medicine can involve the use of conventional and alternative therapies but focusesmostly on lifestyle changes.5.Holistic medicine has its roots in several ancient healing traditions that stress healthy livingand being in harmony with nature. Socrates promoted a holistic approach. Plato was another advocate of holism, advising doctors to respect the relationship between mind and body.Hippocrates, emphasized the body's ability to heal itself and cautioned doctors not to interfere with that process. It was not until 1926, however, that Jan Christian Smuts coined the term "holism", which has given us the more integrated concept of psychosomatic medicine now known as holistic medicine. In the 1970s, "holistic" became a more common term.II1. Holistic medicine2. Holistic health3. homeostasis4. lifestyle changes5. Holistic medicineTranslationI1.整体健康指身体和精神两个方面都健康。

中国海洋大学本科英语lll考试试题及答案中国海洋大学本科英语III考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What does the abbreviation "UN" stand for?A) United NationsB) Union of NationsC) United Nations of AmericaD) None of the above答案：A2. Which of the following is not a form of renewable energy?A) Solar energyB) Wind energyC) Fossil fuelsD) Hydropower答案：C3. The phrase "break the ice" is used to describe:A) Starting a conversationB) Ending a relationshipC) Cooling down a heated argumentD) Freezing water答案：A4. In English grammar, which word is used to connect two independent clauses?A) ConjunctionB) PrepositionC) ArticleD) Adjective答案：A5. The verb "to be" in English is used to indicate:A) PossessionB) ExistenceC) ActionD) Condition答案：B6. Which of the following is not a method of communication?A) WritingB) SpeakingC) PaintingD) Listening答案：C7. The word "facetious" is closest in meaning to:A) SeriousB) HumorousC) AngryD) Sad答案：B8. The idiom "let the cat out of the bag" means:A) To reveal a secretB) To adopt a petC) To be carelessD) To be sneaky答案：A9. In English, the word "peruse" means:A) To glance at quicklyB) To read thoroughlyC) To ignoreD) To skim through答案：B10. The phrase "a piece of cake" is used to describe something that is:A) DifficultB) ExpensiveC) EasyD) Tasty答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The capital of Australia is ________.答案：Canberra2. The largest ocean on Earth is the ________.答案：Pacific Ocean3. The chemical symbol for gold is ________.答案：Au4. The first woman to win a Nobel Prize was ________.答案：Marie Curie5. The term "Middle Ages" refers to the period between the________ and the ________.答案：fall of the Roman Empire; Renaissance6. The process of photosynthesis in plants is carried out in the ________.答案：chloroplasts7. The first African-American to win the Nobel Prize in Literature was ________.答案：Toni Morrison8. The theory of relativity was developed by the physicist ________.答案：Albert Einstein9. The largest continent by area is ________.答案：Asia10. The first man-made satellite to orbit the Earth was________.答案：Sputnik 1三、阅读理解（每题3分，共30分）（阅读材料略）1. According to the passage, what is the main cause of deforestation?答案：Agricultural expansion2. What is the primary function of the rainforest mentioned in the text?答案：Absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen3. How does the author describe the impact of deforestation on wildlife?答案：It leads to habitat loss and endangers many species.4. What is the significance of the Amazon rainforest?答案：It is often referred to as the "lungs of the Earth."5. What measures are suggested by the author to protect the rainforest?答案：Implementing sustainable logging practices and creating protected areas.6. What is the author's opinion on the importance of preserving the rainforest?答案：It is crucial for maintaining the Earth's ecological balance.7. What is the main threat to the coral reefs mentioned in the text?答案：Climate change and pollution8. How do coral reefs benefit marine life?答案：They provide shelter and breeding grounds for many species.9. What is the current trend in coral reef health?答案：A decline due to various environmental pressures.10. What action can individuals take to help protect coral reefs?答案：Reducing carbon footprint and supporting conservation efforts.四、作文（30分）请根据以下提示写一篇不少于200字的英语短文。

2007 年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Vocabulary ( 10 points )Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1．His wife has been _______a lot of pressure on him to change his job．A．taking B．exerting C．giving D．pushing2．It is estimated that，currently, about 50，000 species become _____every year．A．extinct B．instinct C．distinct D．intense3．John says that his present job does not provide him with enough ______for his organizing ability．scope B．space C．capacity D．range4．Many _______will be opened up in the future for those with a university education．A.probabilitiesB.realities C．necessities D．opportunities5．After his uncle died，the young man _____the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble．A．inhabited B．inherited C．inhibited D．inhaled6．The manager is calling on a______ customer trying to talk him into signing the contract．A.prosperousB.preliminary C．pessimistic D．prospective7．In 1991，while t11e economies of industrialized countries met an economic_____，the economies of developing countries were growing very fast．A．revival B．repression C．recession D．recovery8．The destruction of the twin towers _________shock and anger throughout the world．A．summoned B．tempted C provoked D．stumbled9．About 20 of the passengers who were injured in a plane crash are said to be in _____condition．A．decisive B．urgent C．vital D．critical10．The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant _______on peace and stability in the Asia—Pacific region and the world as a whole．A．importance B．impression C．impact D．implication11．The poor countries are extremely _______to international economic fluctuations-A．inclined B．vulnerable C．attracted D．reduced12．Applicants should note that all positions are——to Australian citizenship requirements．A．subject B．subjective C．objected D．objective13．We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal ______to employment opportunities．A．entrance B．entry C．access D．admission14．Successful learning is not a(n)________activity but consists of four distinct stages in a specific orderA．only B．sole C．mere D．single15．The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so Can ________the performance of many children．A．withhold B．prevent C．enhance D．justify16．All her hard work __________in the end，and she finally passed the exam．A．showed off B．paid off C．1eft off D．kept off17．In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be，we have to do more than just ________with events．A．put sup B．set up C．turn up D．make up18．The team played hard because the championship of the state was______.A．at hand B．at stake C．at large D．at best19．I don’t think you'll change his mind；once he’s decided on so something he tends to _____it.A．stick to B．abide by C．comply with D．keep on20．Tom placed the bank notes，_________the change and receipts，back in the drawer．A. more thanB. but for C．thanks to D. along withSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory，right ? Dana Denis is just 40 years old，but 21 she’s worried about what she calls’my rolling mental blackouts.””I try to remember something and I just blank out，”she saysYou may 22 about these lapses，calling them ”senior moments ”or blaming "early Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症)．”Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get，the 23 you remember? Well, sort of．But as time goes by, we tend to blame age 24 problems that are not necessarily age—related．“When a teenager can’t find her keys，she thinks it's because she’s distracted or disorganized，”says Paul Gold．“A 70-year-old blames her 25 ．”In fact，the 70-year-old may have been 26 things for decades．In healthy people，memory doesn’t worsen as 27 as many of us think．“As we 28 ，the memory mechanism isn’t 29 ，”says psychologist Fergus Craik．”It’s just inefficient．”/The brain’s processing 30 slows down over the years，though no one knows exactly 31. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 32 there’s less activity in the brain．But，cautions Barry Gordon，”It's not clear that less activity is 33 ．A beginning athlete is winded（气喘吁吁）more easily than a 34 athlete．In the same way, 35 the brain gets more skilled at a task，it expends less energy on it.”There are 36 you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 3 7 effort．Margaret Sewell says：”We’re a quick-fix culture, but you have to 38 to keep your brain. 3 9 shape．It’s like having a good body．You Can’t go to the gym once a year 40 expect to stay in top form.”21．A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never22．A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize23．A. much B. little C. more D. less24．A. since B. for C. by D. because25．A. memory B. mind C. trouble D. health26．A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D. finding27．A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly28．A．mature B. advance C. age D. grow29．A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working30．A. pattern B. time C. space D. information31．A . why B. how C. what D. when32．A. since B. hence C. that D. although33．A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse34．A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained35．A. as B. till C. though D. yet36．A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes37．A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends38．A. rest B. come C. work D. study39．A. to B. for C. on D. in40．A. so B. or C. and D. ifSection III Reading comprehension (40 points)Directions:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Passage OnePrior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance and preservation.It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it :population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world’s last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world’s peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life.Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that?Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres---at home, among friends, in community settings---and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages,rather than yield to the homogenizing（同化的）forces of globalization.Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer—aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient（有活力的）,however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.41.Minority languages can be best preserved in __________.A．an increasingly interconnected worldB．maintaining small numbers of speakersC．relatively isolated language communitiesD．following the tradition of the 20th century42.According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is _______.A．uncertain B．unrealistic C．foreseeable D．definite43.According to the author, bilingualism can help_________.A．small languages become acceptable in work placesB．homogenize the world’s languages and culturesC．global languages reach home and community settingsD．speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identityputer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it_________.A．makes learning a global language unnecessaryB．facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC．raises public awareness of saving those languagesD．makes it easier for linguists to study those languages45.In the author’s view, many endangered languages are________.A．remarkably well-kept in this modern worldB．exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC．quite possible to be revived instead of dying outD．a unique way of bringing different groups togetherPassage TwoEveryone，it seems，has a health problem。

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）英语本试卷分第I 卷（选择题）和第II 卷（非选择题）。

第I 卷1 至14 页，第II 卷15 至18 页。

满分为150 分，考试时间120 分钟。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷（共105 分）考生注意事项：1．答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试卷上。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）该部分分为第一、第二两节。

注意：回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。

听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。

第一节（共5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分7.5 分）听下面5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A．￡19.15.B．￡9.15.C．￡9.18.答案是B。

1．Who is coming for tea?A．John.B．Mark.C．Tracy.2．What will the man do next?A．Leave right away.B．Stay for dinner.C．catch a train.3．What does the man come for?A．A lecture.B．A meeting.C．A party.4．What size does the man want?A．9.B．35.C．39.5．What are the speakers talking about?A．Life in Southeast Asia.B．Weather conditions.C．A holiday tour.第二节：（共15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分22.5 分）听下面5 段对话或独白。

基础综合英语参考答案基础综合英语参考答案学习英语是一项需要持之以恒的任务，而综合英语则是学习英语的基础。

在综合英语中，我们需要掌握词汇、语法、阅读和写作等方面的知识。

下面将为大家提供一些基础综合英语的参考答案，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。

一、词汇部分1. 请问你叫什么名字？- What's your name?2. 他是我的朋友。

- He is my friend.3. 我喜欢吃水果。

- I like eating fruits.4. 我想要一杯咖啡。

- I would like a cup of coffee.5. 这个单词的意思是什么？- What does this word mean?二、语法部分1. 他正在看电视。

- He is watching TV.2. 我们每天都去学校。

- We go to school every day.3. 他们正在为考试做准备。

- They are preparing for the exam.4. 我们昨天去了电影院。

- We went to the cinema yesterday.5. 你能帮我吗？- Can you help me?三、阅读部分Passage 1My name is John. I am a student. I live in a small town with my parents. Every morning, I go to school by bus. I have many friends at school. We study together and play together. In the afternoon, I usually do my homework andread books. Sometimes, I go to the park with my friends. I like playing football and swimming. I am happy every day.Questions:1. What's the name of the boy in the passage? - John.2. How does John go to school every morning? - By bus.3. What does John usually do in the afternoon? - Do homework and read books.4. What does John like doing? - Playing football and swimming.Passage 2My name is Lily. I am a teacher. I teach English at a high school. I love my job because I can help my students learn English well. In my free time, I like reading books and listening to music. I also enjoy traveling. I have been to many different countries. I think it's important to learn about different cultures and meet new people. I believe that learning is a lifelong process and we should never stop learning.Questions:1. What's the name of the woman in the passage? - Lily.2. What does Lily do? - She is a teacher.3. What does Lily like doing in her free time? - Reading books, listening to music, and traveling.4. Why does Lily think it's important to learn about different cultures? - Because it helps us meet new people and broaden our horizons.四、写作部分Write a paragraph about your favorite hobby.My favorite hobby is playing the guitar. I started learning to play the guitar when I was in high school. At first, it was challenging, but with practice and determination, I got better over time. Playing the guitar not only helps me relax, but it also allows me to express my emotions through music. I enjoy learning new songs and experimenting with different chords and strumming patterns. Whenever I have free time, I pick up my guitar and play my favorite tunes. It brings me joy and a sense of accomplishment. I believe that everyone should have a hobby that they are passionate about, as it adds color and happiness to our lives.以上是一些基础综合英语的参考答案，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。

2007 年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Vocabulary ( 10 points )Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1．His wife has been _______a lot of pressure on him to change his job．A．taking B．exerting C．giving D．pushing 2．It is estimated that，currently, about 50，000 species become _____every year．A．extinct B．instinct C．distinct D．intense 3．John says that his present job does not provide him with enough ______for his organizingability．scope B．space C．capacity D．range 4．Many _______will be opened up in the future for those with a university education．A.probabilitiesB.realities C．necessities D．opportunities5．After his uncle died，the young man _____the beautiful estate with which he changed froma poor man to a wealthy noble．A．inhabited B．inherited C．inhibited D．inhaled 6．The manager is calling on a______ customer trying to talk him into signing the contract．A.prosperousB.preliminary C．pessimistic D．prospective7．In 1991，while t11e economies of industrialized countries met an economic_____，the economies of developing countries were growing very fast．A．revival B．repression C．recession D．recovery 8．The destruction of the twin towers _________shock and anger throughout the world．A．summoned B．tempted C provoked D．stumbled9．About 20 of the passengers who were injured in a plane crash are said to be in_____condition．A．decisive B．urgent C．vital D．critical 10．The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant _______on peace and stability in the Asia—Pacific region and the world as a whole．A．importance B．impression C．impact D．implication11．The poor countries are extremely _______to international economic fluctuations- A．inclined B．vulnerable C．attracted D．reduced 12．Applicants should note that all positions are——to Australian citizenship requirements．A．subject B．subjective C．objected D．objective13．We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal______to employment opportunities．A．entrance B．entry C．access D．admission 14．Successful learning is not a(n)________activity but consists of four distinct stages ina specific orderA．only B．sole C．mere D．single15．The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so Can________the performance of many children．A．withhold B．prevent C．enhance D．justify 16．All her hard work __________in the end，and she finally passed the exam．A．showed off B．paid off C．1eft off D．kept off 17．In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be，we have to domore than just ________with events．A．put sup B．set up C．turn up D．make up18．The team played hard because the championship of the state was______.A．at hand B．at stake C．at large D．at best 19．I don’t think you'll change his mind；once he’s decided on so something he tends to_____it.A．stick to B．abide by C．comply with D．keep on 20．Tom placed the bank notes，_________the change and receipts，back in the drawer．A. more thanB. but for C．thanks to D. along withSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory，right ? Dana Denis is just 40 years old，but 21 she’s worried about what she calls’my rolling mental blackouts.””I try to remember something and I just blank out，”she saysYou may 22 about these lapses，calling them ”senior moments ”or blaming "early Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症)．”Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get，the 23 you remember? Well, sort of．But as time goes by, we tend to blame age 24 problems that are notnecessarily age—related．“When a teenager can’t find her keys，she thinks it's because she’s distracted or disorganized，”says Paul Gold．“A 70-year-old blames her 25 ．”In fact，the 70-year-old mayhave been 26 things for decades．In healthy people，memory doesn’t worsen as 27 as many of us think．“As we 28 ，the memory mechanism isn’t 29 ，”says psychologist Fergus Craik．”It’s just inefficient．”The brain’s processing 30 slows down over the years，though no one knows exactly 31. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 32 there’s less activity in the brain．But，cautions Barry Gordon，”It's not clear that less activity is 33 ．A beginning athlete is winded（气喘吁吁）more easily than a 34 athlete．In the same way, 35 the brain gets moreskilled at a task，it expends less energy on it.”There are 36 you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 3 7 effort．Margaret Sewell says：”We’re a quick-fix culture, but you have to 38 to keep your brain. 3 9 shape．It’s like having a good body．You Can’t go to the gym once ayear 40 expect to stay in top form.”21．A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never22．A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize23．A. much B. little C. more D. less24．A. since B. for C. by D. because25．A. memory B. mind C. trouble D. health26．A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D. finding27．A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly28．A．mature B. advance C. age D. grow29．A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working30．A. pattern B. time C. space D. information31．A . why B. how C. what D. when32．A. since B. hence C. that D. although33．A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse34．A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained35．A. as B. till C. though D. yet36．A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes37．A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends38．A. rest B. come C. work D. study39．A. to B. for C. on D. in40．A. so B. or C. and D. ifSection III Reading comprehension (40 points)Directions:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Passage OnePrior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance andpreservation.It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it :population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world’s last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world’s peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better wayof life.Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are mostof the rest doomed in the century after that?Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres---at home, among friends, in community settings---and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing（同化的）forces of globalization.Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues.Linguists are currently using computer—aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatenedlanguages.For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient（有活力的）,however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.41.Minority languages can be best preserved in __________.A．an increasingly interconnected worldB．maintaining small numbers of speakersC．relatively isolated language communitiesD．following the tradition of the 20th century42.According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the futureis _______.A．uncertain B．unrealistic C．foreseeable D．definite43.According to the author, bilingualism can help_________.A．small languages become acceptable in work placesB．homogenize the world’s languages and culturesC．global languages reach home and community settingsD．speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identityputer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it_________.A．makes learning a global language unnecessaryB．facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC．raises public awareness of saving those languagesD．makes it easier for linguists to study those languages45.In the author’s view, many endangered languages are________.A．remarkably well-kept in this modern worldB．exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC．quite possible to be revived instead of dying outD．a unique way of bringing different groups togetherPassage TwoEveryone，it seems，has a health problem。

2007年考研英语真题(答案解析)Passage 1It is a common experience that a problem difficult at night is resolved in the morning after the committee of sleep has worked on it.Many people have found that a good night's sleep is the best way to solve a problem. If you have been working hard on a problem all day and have made no progress, sometimesit is better to sleep on it. When you wake up in the morning, you may find that the problem has become much easier to solve. This is because your mind has been working on the problem while you were asleep.The committee of sleep is a name given to the way our minds continue to work on problems while we are asleep. The idea is that while we are asleep, the unconscious part of our mind is working on the problem. It is as if there is a committee of people in our mind who are working on the problem while we are asleep. When we wake up in the morning, we often find that the problem has been solved. The committee of sleep is not just a theory. It has been proved by experiments. In one experiment, people were given a problem to solve. They were then divided into two groups.One group was allowed to sleep, while the other group was kept awake. The group that slept was much more likely to solve the problem than the group that was kept awake.So next time you have a difficult problem to solve, try sleeping on it. You may find that your mind has been working on the problem while you were asleep and the problem has become much easier to solve.1. What is the common experience mentioned in the passage?A. A problem difficult at night is resolved in the morning.B. A problem easy at night is resolved in the morning.C. A problem difficult at night is resolved in the afternoon.D. A problem easy at night is resolved in the afternoon.2. Why is a good night's sleep the best way to solve a problem?A. Because it can help you forget the problem.B. Because it can help you relax.C. Because it can help you work out the problem.D. Because it can help you avoid the problem.3. What is the committee of sleep?A. A group of people who work on a problem.B. A group of people who sleep on a problem.C. A name given to the way our minds work on problems while we are asleep.D. A name given to the way our minds work on problems while we are awake.4. What is the idea of the committee of sleep?A. That the unconscious part of our mind works on a problem while we are asleep.B. That the unconscious part of our mind works on a problem while we are awake.C. That the conscious part of our mind works on a problem while we are asleep.D. That the conscious part of our mind works on a problem while we are awake.5. What has been proved by experiments?A. The committee of sleep is just a theory.B. The committee of sleep is not just a theory.C. The group that slept was much more likely to solve the problem than the group that was kept awake.D. The group that was kept awake was much more likely to solve the problem than the group that slept.答案：1. A2. C3. C4. A5. B。

Final English Exam for Master Candidates ( 工B )(January 2021)Part I Listening prehension (25%)Section A Short Conversations (5%)Directions:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked (A), (B), (C) and (D) and then decide which the best answer is. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A. He doesn’t like the woman, so he doesn’t want to see her.B. He is shy to meet the woman because he doesn’t know what to sayC. He is busy with his work and wants to spend the time reading.D. He prefers being alone to being alone to being with other people.2. A. She cannot use her puter to meet her deadlines.B. Busy phone lines means she has to call the secretary.C. She has to call tech support for help.D. She needs to take a deep breath, she feels sick.3. A. Go shopping for cooler clothes.B. Look to see how much energy we use.C. Buy and use energy efficient appliances.D. Enjoy the warmer weather.4. A. Vegetables that are grown in dirt are organic.B. Vegetables grown in a greenhouse garden.C. Vegetables that are more expensive than other vegetables.D. Vegetables grown without pesticides or chemical fertilizers.5. A. Because the class was better than her classmate expected.B. Because she wants to use the puter.C. She is excited to be taking biology.D. Because the puter is stranger to her than the microscope.6. A. It doesn’t want to spend money now.B. It doesn’t think it needs to clean up.C. It doesn’t care about air pollution.D. It thinks only poor areas are polluted.7. A. Because he is going to Laos next summer on a bike.B. Because he will ride a bicycle over mountains and it’s dangerous.C. Because he hates to sit still while on vocation.D. Because he will rest himself on this adventure.8. A. Because if we believe intelligence is inherited, nothing else matters.B. Because their parents didn’t choose the right marriage partners.C. Because we have never cared about our children’s environments.D. Because all children will get a good environment at their home.9. A. He can wear jeans to work.B. He has to dress up at work.C. He can wear shorts to work.D. He has to wear a T-shirt.10. A. Low gravity environments are easier to find.B. Natural places for research are easier to find.C. Very clean environments are easier to find.D. Strong fields of gravity are easier to find.Section B Passages (10%)Directions: Listen to the following two passages. Each passage is followed by FIVE statements. Listen to the passage and decide whether the statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false on the answer sheet.Passage 11.Researchers fit polar bears with radar so they can monitor the effect of global warming on them.2.Polar bears e to land earlier this spring because they have developed enough fat reserves tosurvive.3.Polar bears are particularly selected for study because they can be followed for many years whichhelp researchers get deeper insight into what is happening.4.The objective of the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change is to call on developing countries toreduce the carbon emission.5.It is hard for polar bears to reproduce due to global warming.Passage 26.mercial and recreational fisheries contribute $ 80 billion to the U.S. economy every year.7.To maintain a sustainable and disease-free seafood supply is a national priority because it hasimpacts on ocean environment.8.Scientists are researching new ways to improve aquaculture practices to reduce people’sdemand of wild fish.9.Some technologies are applied to forecast the potential disease that might attack fish to protectthe health of public.10.The genetic make-up of bacteria that might hit seafood is teased apart by scientists in order toprovide us with more nutritious seafood.Section C pound Dictation (10%)Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 8 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 9 to 11 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Analysts at the U.S. Census Bureau have a (1)_______forecast for America’s population in 2050, when today’s 25 year-olds will be knocking on the door of age 65.If (2)_________ hold, not only will there be more than TWICE as many people 65-and-over in(3)______numbers as there are now, but their percentage of the population will jump from 12 percent today to 21 percent. That means more than one in five Americans at mid-century will be what we call "senior citizens." And if current demographic trends continue, a much greater (4)_______ of the nation’s elderly will be Hispanic, African-American and Asian-American.Linda Jacobsen at the Population Reference Bureau, a private (5)_____ that helps make sense of demographic data, helped us sort out the (6)________.Primarily, she says, in 2050 a whole lot more people 65 and older will be on the job outside the home. In part, that’s because many more than today will be well educated and in (7)____ health, and will simply WANT to keep working.Others won’t have a choice, since they won’t be able to get Social Security benefits as the (8)_______age keeps rising—quite possibly to 70 or beyond by 2050. And as private panies cut costs, (9)_________________________________________________________ .Today, women more often than men are the ones who stay home to care for Mom and Dad in their last years —while men contributemoney to their elders’ care.But in 2050, (10)___________________________________________________________________ .So, Linda Jacobsen points out, young Americans had better be saving money right now in the increasing likelihood they’ll have to care for themselves in their advanced years.But, (11) ______________________________________________________________________________ . In 2050, Americans who are 65 may be considered "middle-aged." By then, only what demographers today call the "oldest old" —the 85-and-over crowd —will be thought of as truly "old."Part IIVocabulary(15%)Section ADirections: There are 20 inplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that can best plete the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.The Sex Discrimination Act has not ____ discrimination in employment.A.MaintainedB. expelledC. eliminatedD. recovered2.To guarantee the pany’s success, our Directors developed and ____ stringent policies.A.carried aboutB. carried forwardC. implementsD. implementedA.provenanceB. originalC. measuresD. donor4.The British police have no ____ over foreign bank account.A.eliminationB. constraintC. incumbentD. jurisdiction5. Amid the _____ job market blues, this is the kind of report that gets my attention.A. persuasiveB. pervasiveC. persuadingD. permanent6. We seek to harness progress in science and technology to ensure effective disaster preparedness and _____.A. intensityB. severityC. excuseD. mitigation7. Asians are right to be proud of their region’s ____ in the global financial crisis.A. resilienceB. occurrenceC. propertyD. deformation8. Most Chinese carmakers are years behind their western counterparts ____________ quality, technology and service.A. in terms ofB. with regarding toC. as toD. in that9. China reaffirmed that it is not looking at pursuing a ____ trade surplus with the United States.A. substanceB. substantialC. subversiveD. subjective10. Tax revenues have ____ significantly due to a severe recession and tax changing policy choices.A. inclinedB. declinedC. being declinedD. been inclining11. Nobody could b elieve the politician’s ____________A. fishing timeB. crying stinking fishC. fishing in troubled waterD. fish story12. The sea became rougher and the boat rolled from side to side; many passengers began to look__.A. in low waterB. in hot waterC. going by the boardD. white about the gills13. With only half an hour to get everything ready, we’ll need _______ if we want to win the victoryA. all hands to the pumpsB. fish in troubled watersC. go by the boardD. miss the boat14. Hydrogen peroxide is the most widely used mercial _____ agent.A. bleachingB. vulnerableC. actingD. breaching15. Because human skin has weak ____, so that we can protect the skin, prevent the bacteria.A. acidB. acidityC. substanceD. illness16. These small _____ fishes live in open waters and usually consume a variable mix of phytoplankton and both herbivorous and carnivorous zooplankton.A. biotinB. molluskC. pelagicD. bivalve17. Marine construction technology like this is very plex, somewhat ___________ to trying to build a bridge under water.A. ameliorateB. analogousC. judiciousD. stringent18. China currently has 11 active actors, _____________ pared with the 104 in the U.S., according tothe International Atomic EnergyA. a drop in the oceanB. batten down the hatchesC. go by the boardD. fishing in troubled waters19. I must move to a larger house or spend money extending this one; either will be expensive, so I am ____.A. between the devil and the deep blue seaB. at seaC. any port in a stormD. over head and ears20. We are now striving hard to establish a ______ parliamentary democracy.A. opaqueB. transparentC. understandingD. aboveboardSection BDirection: plete the following sentences with proper prefixes.1.Loyal armed forces launched a ___-attack against the rebels.A.counterB. upC. homoD. sub2.Somali government forces have failed to ___due militiamen who refuse to recognize governmentauthority in the south of the capital Mogadishu.A.BioB. subC. disD. counter3.The term "__graph〞is a word that is spelt like another word but has a different meaning fromit, and may have a different pronunciation.A.bioB. upC. homoD. sub.4.In some parts of the world, ____gamy is still allowed, which is unfair to women.A.polyB. microC. subD. out5.Although invisible to the human eye, the virus can be seen clearly when examined under a___scope.A.subB. polyC. microD. out6.If you are ___head in your work or achievements, you have made more progress than youexpected to and are performing well.A. aB. enC. overD. in7.It stressed that the government would go on with its task to protect its citizens, ___arm terroristsand hold accountable the perpetrators of terrorist acts.A.inB. overC. enD. dis8.This may result in lessons which are too easy, ___relevant, or otherwise inappropriate, as theresearch suggest.A.irB. nonC. multiD. over9. A __cultural approach to language learning in education is quite useful.A.overB. ecoC. nonD. multi10.It is the work of forensic scientists to examine the physical evidence, and using the methods ofscience, to ___construct the events that constituted the crime.A.overB. unC. re d. coPart III Reading prehension (25%)Section OneDirections:There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneTraditional media may be declining in much of the rich world, but in poor countries it is booming. The growth in private media in developing countries has spurred much of the demand, as has new technology. That is stoking journalism training in far-flung places, in many shapes and sizes. They range from full degree programmes to the short-term specialist training offered widely across Asia, Africa and Latin America. Groups offering such courses include the BBC World Service Trust, the Reuters and Thomson Foundations, the Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR) and Internews Network, a media-development charity based in America.These days the donors are particularly interested in niches, such as investigative reporting and science writing. But that approach sometimes fails. The need for basic reporting skills is still central. Trainers stress the need for flexibility. Participants in the courses praise the results, while plaining about the lack of focus and co-ordination among some providers. Shapi Shacinda, the Reuters correspondent in Zambia and chairman of the press club in the capital, Lusaka, says that foreign-backed training in business and economic reporting has helped bring more skeptical coverage. Previously, news stories used to be taken straight from officials' statements, he says.But governments are harder to teach. Encouraging students to probe sensitive topics may threaten their lives or livelihoods. An Iraqi journalist trained by and working with the IWPR was shot dead earlier this year. Just this week, Zambia's minister of information asserted that state-run media should not criticize the government. In Russia, an organization founded by Internews has been closed by the authorities, who were apparently suspicious of its American backing. Rich-country governments can be a problem too. Some try to influence the "messages〞that trainers deliver, for example by insisting that their diplomats talk to classes on a regular basis. The big training groups insist that they control their own content. Blurring the boundaries can be dangerous both for journalists and the programmes that support them, he notes. But others may be less choosy.More is not always better. Quality varies wildly. Places like Bangladesh and Rwanda have been showered with training in recent years. Gratitude is mixed with the wish for better co-ordination. David Okwemba of Kenya's The Nation newspaper, who also helps train journalists, bemoans(哀叹) overlap between courses and providers' failure to share information.Some courses aspire loftily to build democratic societies through a free press. The BBC trust says it aims to give a say to the mon man by holding institutions—public and private—to account. Such arange of goals makes measuring results difficult. Teaching how to point a camera or write a news story may be easy pared to raising awareness of broader issues such as HIV/AIDS.Many old news hands laugh at the notion of formal journalism education. A well-stocked and inquiring mind plus sharp writing skills are the main assets, they reckon. But even the most grey-haired veterans of rich-world journalism still seem glad to earn extra money tutoring new hands in poor countries.1. Traditional media is booming in poor countries because of the following reasons except_____A. the private media is developing at a fast pace.B. the new technology provides technical foundation.C. there are many journalism trainings in various shapes and sizes.D. the demand for traditional media has been in steady increase.2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the present training in those poor countries"A. The trainers are paying more attention on skills of investigative reporting and science writing.B. The courses are mostly extensive rather than being intensive.C. The training puts emphasis on the flexibility of basic reporting skills.D. Some trainees are satisfactory with the training courses while some are plaining.3. Shapi Shacinda think foreign-backed training in business and economic reporting has helped bring more skeptical coverage because_____A. there is a conservative tradition of news reporting in these countries.B. the foreign-backed training is skeptical about the previous news stories in these countries.C. there exist some problems in the concept of news report in these countries.D. the governments order that news stories should be taken from officials’ statements.4. From the third paragraph, it can be inferred that Shapi Shacinda thinks_____A. the training is in short of teaching the tactics to deal with different government.B. it is still mon for governments of less-developed countries to interfere with journalism.C. the training had better not involve itself into unnecessary disputes.D. the training should stress more on journalism independence from the government. 5．Towards the journalism training, the attitudes of veterans of journalism can be said to be _____A. critical.B. despicable.C. inconsistent.D. supportive.Passage 2When Princeton, the University of Virginia, and Harvard announced last fall that they would drop their early admissions options because they gave an unfair advantage to wealthy students, many college counselors held their breath. Would early decision go the way of kegs in dormitories" Not for now, at least. Early admission is still going strong at many colleges and universities, including many top-tier schools.Early decision in particular--in which a student mits to a first-choice institution--is often touted as a plus for both schools and students. Colleges can lock up half of their class before January, and acceptance rates are typically higher than under regular admission. The major drawback of early decision is that it leaves students who are in the market for the best financial aid package out in the cold. By applying early, you must enroll if accepted, so paring awards with those of other schools is out of the question. Schools like that, of course, because it helps their bottom line. But there is apossible end run: Ask if a school will release you from your obligation should its aid package fall short. In some cases, a school will roll you into the regular admission pool, allowing for parison shopping e springtime.While some schools admit almost the same percentage of applicants during early and regular admission, many favor the early pool. Johns Hopkins University took 44 percent from its early round and 24 percent from the regular pool. Early birds at Hopkins make up a third of this fall's freshman class. Nonetheless, college counselors have seen borderline students get a boost by applying early decision. "If they aren't legacies, athletes, or an underrepresented minority, early decision may be the only hook that some students have," says Jim Conroy, chair of post-high-school counseling at New Trier Township High School in Winnetka, Ill. But you need to be realistic. "If a school is out of your reach, it's out of reach whether you apply early decision, early action, or regular admission," says Sarah Wilburn, a college counselor at Campus Bound in Quincy, Mass. "Move on and set some new goals."Advantage or not, applying early decision makes sense only if you're convinced that a school is a good fit for you. Erin Murray decided to apply to Dartmouth early despite the advice of her college counselor and others. They wanted her to improve her transcript after she had spent a semester of high school in Italy. But the teenager from Cheyenne, Wyo., wisely played up her experience abroad (her 4.0 GPA and top-class board scores didn't hurt, either) and was accepted. "I probably would have fit well at a number of schools," she admits, "but Dartmouth was the only place I could see myself walking across the greens. It was an instinctive reaction."If you lack the same certainty but clinching a slot before New Year's is appealing, consider other early admissions plans. Early action is a nonbinding alternative that allows you to apply by November 1 and hear back before the regular application deadline. Some highly selective schools require that you submit only one early action application--called single-choice early action--meaning you can't apply early elsewhere. Another option is to apply early to rolling admissions, where an application that arrives in the fall may stand out more than one that arrives with most of the others in January.1. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of early decision"A. Early decision is a mon strategy adopted by universities to secure high rate of student enrollment.B. Early decision begins to be abandoned by top American universities.C. Early decision is a special treatment for rich students, athletes and minorities.D. Early decision will still be in practice for a fairly long time.2. The major disadvantage of early decision is that_____A. students can enjoy a less attractive the financial aid package if he chooses early decision.B. it excludes students who are from lower social class or poor family background.C. it does not allow students to choose the other better schools.D. it excludes students who want to have parison shopping.3. What Sarah Wilburn wants to suggest students is that____A. early decision is not so advantageous as people think.B. students should not regard early decision as the sole way to college.C. students should evaluate themselves objectively before making early decision.D. students should not limit themselves in early decision.4.Wyo applied to Dartmouth because_____A. she was quite confident due to her rich experience of studying abroad.B. the university’s beautiful lawn aroused her affection.C. she found Dartmouth the only one that fit her after researching a bunch of universities.D. her 4.0 GPA and top-class board scores were not so ideal.5. The following options can be adopted by students lacking certainty of which school to apply to except_____A. applying to early action.B. applying to rolling admissions.C. applying to early decision.D. applying single-choice early action.Passage 3The U.N.-sponsored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)report released today in Brussels has a familiar ring. As the climate disasters headlined recently—intense hurricanes, drought in the American West, Arctic thawing (融化)—bee monplace in a greenhouse world, plants, animals, and people will suffer.That has been the presumption, but the latest report from the IPCC projecting greenhouse impacts calculates mounting costs that will fall the heaviest on the world’s poor. February’s IPCC report on the physical science of climate firmly lin ks most of the recent warming of the world to human activity.Scientists authoring the second report had a tougher challenge: figuring out the likely consequences. To do that, they considered 29,000 datasets from 75 studies. Of those data series, 89% showed change—receding glaciers or earlier blooming, for example—consistent with a response to warming.Because those responses usually occurred where the warming has been greatest, the scientists concluded that it’s "very unlikely" the changes were due to natural variability of climate or of the system involved. "For the first time, we concluded anthropogenic (人类起源的) warming has had an influence on many physical and biological systems," says Cynthia Rosenzweig of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City, a coordinating lead author on the report.The IPCC scientists also projected the effects of future warming.Assuming that nothing is done to slow greenhouse emissions, the February report predicted a temperature increase of roughly 3℃toward the end of the century, drying at lower latitudes, more precipitation at higher latitudes, and rising sea levels. "This report finds that such a warming will bleach most coral reefs by mid-century), drying will begin decreasing crop yields at lower latitudes within a few decades, and sea level rise and tropical cvclone intensification will increase the likelihood of millions of people being flooded out each year on river mega-deltas such as that of the Ganges-Brahmaputra in southern Asia.Bottom line" "You don’t want to be poor and living on a river delta or the Florida coast," says climate scientist Stephen Schneider of Stanford University, a coordinating lead author. The poor—especially subsistence (生存) farmers—tend to be more vulnerable to climate change, notes the report. And they are least able to adapt, say by building levees (堤坝) against storms or dams for irrigation. Schneider’s other advice: "Try not to go over 2℃ or 3℃ because that triggers the really nasty stuff. With that much warming, the bad effects of this century only get worse, and the rare benefits, such as higher crop yields in wetter areas, fade.1．According to the first paragraph, the IPCC report______.A．sounds familiar to peopleB．has bee monplaceC．warns people of climate disastersD．has been presumed long before2．The latest IPCC report focuses on______.A．the likelihood that plants, animals, and people will sufferB．the heaviest costs of greenhouse impacts on the poor peopleC．the devastating climate disasters resulting from global warmingD．intense hurricanes, drought in the American West, and Arctic thawing3. Many data series show that climate changes, such as Arctic thawing, ______．A．are a response to anthropogenic warmingB．result from the natural variability of climateC．influence many physical and biological systemsD．bring about tougher challenges to people4. According to IPCC scientists, the effects of future warming may include______A．bleaching all coral reefs by mid-centuryB．higher crop yields in wetter areasC．more precipitation at lower latitudesD．numerous people in coastal areas being flooded out5. The authors of the IPCC report believe that______．A．the bottom line is not to live on a river deltaB．being richer is less vulnerable to climate changeC．something worse mayarise from global warmingD．the warming of the temperature can bring higher crop yieldsSection Two信息匹配题10个statement匹配10个段落。

北京外国语大学基础英语2007(含答案)年考研试题研究生入学考试试题考研真题。

北京外国语大学。

2007年硕士研究生入学考试基础英语试题。

Please write all the answers on the answer sheets.。

Time Limit：3 hours。

The total points for this exam are 150 points。

I. Reading Comprehension （50 points）。

A Multiple Choice （24 points）。

Please read the passages and chooseA、B 、C or D to best complete the statements aboutthem.。

The Quiet Crisis。

Close games for the Americans were rare in previous Olympics, but now it appears to besomething the Americans should get used to.。

You could find no better metaphor for the way the rest ofthe world can now competehead-to-head more effectively than ever with America than the struggles of theU.S. Olympicbasketball team in2004、 The American team, made up of NBA stars, limped home to a bronzemedal after losing to Puerto Rico, Lithuania, and Argentina. Previously, the United States Olympicbasketball team had lost only one game in the history of the modern Olympics. Remember whenAmericasent only NCAA stars to the Olympic basketball events?— 1/3 —— 1/3 —For a long time these teamstotally dominated all corners. Then they started getting challenged. So we sent our pros. And theystarted getting challenged. Because the world keeps learning, the diffusion of knowledge happensfaste r; coaches in other countries now download American coaching methods off the Internet andwatch NBA games in their own living rooms on satellite TV. Many of them can even get ESPNand watch the highlight reels. And thanks to the triple convergence, there is a lot of new raw talentwalking onto the NBA courts from all over the world—including many new stars from China,Latin America, and Eastern Europe. They go back and play for their national teams in theOlympics, using the skills they honed in America. So the automatic American superiority oftwenty years ago is now gone in Olympic basketball.The NBA standard is increasingly becominga global commodity—pure vanilla. If the United States wants to continue to dominate in Olympicbasketball, we must, in that great sports cliché, step it up a notch. The old standard won’t dolike Lithuania or Puerto Rico still don't rank well versus the Americans, but when they play as ateam —when they collaborate better than we do, they are extremely competitive.”。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9, there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aidfrom Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully3. [A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected4. [A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted5. [A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return6. [A] Presumably[B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally7. [A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical8. [A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform9. [A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence15. [A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original18. [A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred20. [A] puzzled by[B] hostile to[C] pessimistic about[D] unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills;b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers –whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the texttries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as,What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may bedifferent.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of humanintelligence.28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computationalprocedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fellsick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent –and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year –from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.” Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.“Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems tofind out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the pointthat[A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bossesfail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids’ Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness.”大41家You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically reviewtheir emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.大42家Kids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.大43家Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.大44家Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.大45家They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be carefulnot to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2007年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1. B2. D3. A4. C5. C6. D7. B8. A9. B 10. C11. A 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B16. D 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. DPart B (10 points)41. F 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. EPart C (10 points)46. 长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。