永别了,武器 A Farewell To Arms

浅析《永别了，武器》中主人公的男性气概摘要：《永别了，武器》是海明威早期代表作，被誉为现代文学的经典名篇.此书以海明威根据自己的参战经历,以战争与爱情为主线，描述了美国青年弗雷德里克·亨利在第一次世界大战期间志愿到意大利北部战争担任救护车驾驶员，期间与英国护士凯瑟琳·巴克莱相识相爱的故事。

本文以男性气概为主题，从勇气、意志力、自我控制力、自信、责任心和荣誉感六个角度深入分析主人公亨利的性格特点,以及从他对生活、对战争和对爱情的态度中所体现出来的典型的男性气概。

关键词：《永别了,武器》；欧内斯特·米勒尔·海明威；弗雷德里克·亨利；男性气概A Brief Analysis of the Main Character's Manliness inA Farewell to ArmsAbstracts：A Farewell to Arms is one of the representative novels of Hemingway in his early time，which was also praised as a classic masterpiece of modern literature。

According to Hemingway’s own experience of the war，with war and love as the main line，this book talks about the American youth Frederic Henry went to northern Italy volunteered as an ambulance driver during World War I , and the love story between Henry and the British nurse Catherine Barkley. This paper takes manliness as the theme，analyzes Henry's personality from the perspectives of courage，willpower，self-control，self-confidence, responsibility and honor, as well as his attitude to life，war and love.Key words：A Farewell to Arms; Ernest Miller Hemingway；Frederic Henry；manlinessLiterature Review1.Ernest Miller Hemingway and A Farewell to ArmsErnest Miller Hemingway （1899–1961）was an American novelist，short story writer，and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work s between the mid—1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works。

a farewell to arms双重含义的阐释
《永别了，武器》是美国作家海明威的一部小说，讲述了第一次世界大战期间美国士兵亨利与英国护士凯瑟琳之间的爱情故事。

小说的标题“永别了，武器”有着双重含义，可以理解为战争中的武器告别与爱情中的离别。

首先，从战争的角度来理解，《永别了，武器》的标题传递出战争的暴力与残酷，以及对武器的讽刺。

战争是一场暴力的游戏，而武器是残酷与毁灭的象征。

小说中，作者通过描写战场上的恐怖景象，揭示了战争中人与人之间的残忍、无情和杀戮，这是对战争的痛苦现实的真实体现。

同时，标题中的“永别了”也暗示了人们对战争的厌倦和渴望结束战乱，将暴力与武器留在过去，追求和平与安宁。

其次，从爱情的角度来理解，《永别了，武器》的标题传递出离别之痛与心灵的永恒连接。

小说中的亨利与凯瑟琳之间的爱情充满了火热与痛苦，战争成为了他们之间分离和离别的原因。

在爱人的离别中，他们不得不与武器共处，作为对抗战争的工具。

这种离别沉重地落在他们的心灵上，他们希望和平可以来临，结束痛苦与分离。

在这样的爱情背景下，标题中的“永别了”不仅代表着他们对暴力与战争的告别，也象征着他们心灵深处的联系与相爱不渝。

综上所述，《永别了，武器》的标题既是对战争中的武器和暴力的告别，也是对爱情中的离别和心灵永恒连接的阐释。

小说通过这个标题，向读者传递了对战争的反思与沉思，展现了战争与爱情中的人性矛盾与挣扎。

简析《永别了武器》中凯瑟琳悲剧的原因论文导读：武器》是海明威的代表作之一。

他爱上了英籍女护士凯瑟琳。

并决定脱离战争。

结果产生了爱情。

笔者认为凯瑟琳的命运注定是一场悲剧。

海明威，简析《永别了，武器》中凯瑟琳悲剧的原因。

关键词：海明威，凯瑟琳，战争，爱情，悲剧《永别了，武器》是海明威的代表作之一，自出版以来，一直受到全世界的欢迎，并使他成为20世纪最负盛名的作家之一。

《永别了,武器》不仅记录了他一战的经历,也反映了他一战后的精神状况,揭露了战争的残酷及以他为代表的一代年轻人的迷惘和困惑。

海明威和他所代表的文学流派因而被人称为迷惘的一代。

《永别了，武器》是迷惘的一代文学的最好作品。

小说的主人公享利是个美国青年，他自愿来到意大利战场参战。

在负伤期间，他爱上了英籍女护士凯瑟琳。

享利努力工作，但在一次撤退时竟被误认为是德国间谍而险些被枪毙。

他只好跳河逃跑，并决定脱离战争。

为摆脱宪兵的追捕，享利和凯瑟琳逃到了中立国瑞士。

在那里，他们度过了一段短暂的幸福而宁静的生活。

但不久，凯瑟琳死于难产，婴儿也窒息而亡。

享利一个人被孤独地留在世界上，悲痛欲绝。

小说在战争的背景下描写了享利和凯瑟琳的爱情，深刻地指出了他们的幸福和爱情是被战争推向毁灭的深渊的。

亨利和凯瑟琳之间的爱情悲剧揭示了这场荒谬的战争给年轻人造成的精神和身体的伤害是无法治愈的。

笔者认为凯瑟琳的命运注定是一场悲剧。

一．社会背景《永别了，武器》受到海明威一战经历的深刻影响。

战争给人类带来的伤害不仅是肉体上的，而且是精神上的。

战争破坏了许多美好的东西，带给人一种无所归依的失落情结。

海明威憎恨战争、反对战争，但在战争面前又感到束手无策。

战争造成1000万人死亡，世界变成了制造尸体的工厂。

勇敢的或怯懦的战士会被杀或意外幸存,所有被卷入战争的人都逃脱不了悲剧的命运。

因此，他对人类的发展前途丧失信心。

世界的末日到了，不论好人还是坏人，都一律逃脱不了死亡的命运。

作为护士的凯瑟琳也毫无例外,她的悲剧是战争最好的证明。

永别了，武器(A Farewell To Arms) Ernest Hemingway英文文字版A FAREWELL TO ARMS by Ernest HemingwayFlyleaf:The greatest American novel to emerge from World War I, _A Farewell toArms_ cemented Ernest Hemingway's reputation as one of the most importantnovelists of the twentieth century. Drawn largely from Hemingway's ownexperiences, it is the story of a volunteer ambulance driver wounded on theItalian front, the beautiful British nurse with whom he falls in love, and theirjourney to find some small sanctuary in a world gone mad with war. By turnsbeautiful and tragic, tender and harshly realistic, _A Farewell to Arms_ is oneof the supreme literary achievements of our timeCopyright 1929 by Charles Scribner's SonsCopyright renewed 1957 by Ernest HemingwaySCRIBNER1230 Avenue of the AmericasNew York, NY 10020This book is a work of fiction. Names, characters,and incidents either are products of the author's imagination or are used fictitiously. Any resemblance to actual events or locales or persons,living or dead, is entirely coincidentalAll rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in anyformISBN 0-684-83788-9A FAREWELL TO ARMSBOOK ONE1 In the late summer of that year we lived in a house in a village that lookedacross the river and the plain to the mountains. In the bed of the river therewere pebbles and boulders, dry and white in the sun, and the water was clearand swiftly moving and blue in the channels. Troops went by the house anddown the road and the dust they raised powdered the leaves of the trees. Thetrunks of the trees too were dusty and the leaves fell early that year and wesaw the troops marching along the road and the dust rising and leaves, stirredby the breeze, falling and the soldiers marching and afterward theand white except for the leaves The plain was rich with crops; there were many orchards of fruit trees andbeyond the plain the mountains were brown and bare. There was fighting inthe mountains and at night we could see the flashes from the artillery. In thedark it was like summer lightning, but the nights were cool and there was notthe feeling of a storm coming Sometimes in the dark we heard the troops marching under the windowand guns going past pulled by motor-tractors. There was much traffic at nightand many mules on the roads with boxes of ammunition on each side of theirpack-saddles and gray motor trucks that carried men, and other trucks withloads covered with canvas that moved slower in the traffic. There were bigguns too that passed in the day drawn by tractors, the long barrels of the gunscovered with green branches and green leafy branches and vines laid over thetractors. To the north we could look across a valley and see a forest of chestnuttrees and behind it another mountain on this side of the river. There wasfighting for that mountain too, but it was not successful, and in the fall when therains came the leaves all fell from the chestnut trees and the branches werebare and the trunks black with rain. The vineyards were thin and bare-branched too and all the country wet and brown and dead with the autumn. There were mists over the river and clouds on the mountain and thetrucks splashed mud on the road and the troops were muddy and wet in theircapes; their rifles were wet and under their capes the two leather cartridge-boxes on the front of the belts, gray leather boxes heavy with thepacks of clips of thin, long 6.5 mm. cartridges, bulged forward under the capesso that the men, passing on the road, marched as though they were six months gone with child There were small gray motor cars that passed going very fast; usuallythere was an officer on the seat with the driver and more officers in the backseat. They splashed more mud than the camions even and if one of the officers in the back was very small and sitting between two generals, hehimself so small that you could not see his face but only the top of his cap andhis narrow back, and if the car went especially fast it was probably the King. Helived in Udine and came out in this way nearly every day to see how thingswere going, and things went very badly At the start of the winter came the permanent rain and with the rain camethe cholera. But it was checked and in the end only seven thousand died of it inthe army2 The next year there were many victories. The mountain that was beyondthe valley and the hillside where the chestnut forest grew was captured andthere were victories beyond the plain on the plateau to the south and wecrossed the river in August and lived in a house in Gorizia that had a fountainand many thick shady trees in a walled garden and a wistaria vine purple onthe side of the house. Now the fighting was in the next mountains beyond andwas not a mile away. The town was very nice and our house was very fine. Theriver ran behind us and the town had been captured very handsomelymountains beyond it could not be taken and I was very glad the Austriansseemed to want to come back to the town some time, if the war should end,because they did not bombard it to destroy it but only a little in a military wayPeople lived on in it and there were hospitals and caf ? and artillery up sidestreets and two bawdy houses, one for troops and one for officers, and with theend of the summer, the cool nights, the fighting in the mountains beyond thetown, the shell-marked iron of the railway bridge, the smashed tunnel by theriver where the fighting had been, the trees around the square and the longavenue of trees that led to the square; these with there being girls in the town,the King passing in his motor car, sometimes now seeing his face and littlelong necked body and gray beard like a goat's chin tuft; all these with thesudden interiors of houses that had lost a wall through shelling, with plasterand rubble in their gardens and sometimes in the street, and the wholegoing well on the Carso made the fall very different from the last fall when wehad been in the country. The war was changed too The forest of oak trees on the mountain beyond the town was gone. Theforest had been green in the summer when we had come into the town but nowthere were the stumps and the broken trunks and the ground torn up, and oneday at the end of the fall when I was out where the oak forest had been I saw acloud coming over the mountain. It came very fast and the sun went a dullyellow and then everything was gray and the sky was covered and the cloudcame on down the mountain and suddenly we were in it and it was snow. Thesnow slanted across the wind, the bare ground was covered, the stumps oftrees projected, there was snow on the guns and there were paths in the snowgoing back to the latrines behind trenches Later, below in the town, I watched the snow falling, looking out of thewindow of the bawdy house, the house for officers, where I sat with a friendand two glasses drinking a bottle of Asti, and, looking out at the snow fallingslowly and heavily, we knew it was all over for that year. Up the river themountains had not been taken; none of the mountains beyond the river hadbeen taken. That was all left for next year. My friend saw the priest from ourmess going by in the street, walking carefully in the slush, and pounded on thewindow to attract his attention. The priest looked up. He saw us and smiledMy friend motioned for him to come in. The priest shook his head and went onThat night in the mess after the spaghetti course, which every one ate veryquickly and seriously, lifting the spaghetti on the fork until the loose strandshung clear then lowering it into the mouth, or else using a continuous lift andsucking into the mouth, helping ourselves to wine from the grass-coveredgallon flask; it swung in a metal cradle and you pulled the neck of the flaskdown with the forefinger and the wine, clear red, tannic and lovely, poured outinto the glass held with the same hand; after this course, the captaincommenced picking on the priest The priest was young and blushed easily and wore a uniform like the restof us but with a cross in dark red velvet above the left breast pocket of his graytunic. The captain spoke pidgin Italian for my doubtful benefit, in order that Imight understand perfectly, that nothing should be lost "Priest to-day with girls," the captain said looking at the priest and at meThe priest smiled and blushed and shook his head. This captain baited him often "Not true?" asked the captain. "To-day I see priest with girls.""No," said the priest. The other officers were amused at the baiting "Priest not with girls," went on the captain. "Priest never with girls," heexplained to me. He took my glass and filled it, looking at my eyes all the time,but not losing sight of the priest "Priest every night five against one." Every one at the table laughed. "Youunderstand? Priest every night five against one." He made a gesture andlaughed loudly. The priest accepted it as a joke "The Pope wants the Austrians to win the war," the major said. "He lovesFranz Joseph. That's where the money comes from. I am an atheist.""Did you ever read the 'Black Pig'?" asked the lieutenant. "I will get you a copy. It was that which shook my faith.""It is a filthy and vile book," said the priest. "You do not really like it.""It is very valuable," saidthe lieutenant. "It tells you about those priestsYou will like it," he said to me. I smiled at the priest and he smiled back across the candle-light. "Don't you read it," he said "I will get it for you," said the lieutenant "All thinking men are atheists," the major said. "I do not believe in the FreeMasons however.""I believe in the Free Masons," the lieutenant said. "It is a nobleorganization." Some one came in and as the door opened I could see the snowfalling "There will be no more offensive now that the snow has come,"I said "Certainly not," said the major. "You should go on leave. You should go toRome, Naples, Sicily--""He should visit Amalfi," said the lieutenant. "I will write you cards to myfamily in Amalfi. They will love you like a son.""He should go to Palermo.""He ought to go to Capri.""I would like you to see Abruzzi and visit my family at Capracotta," said thepriest "Listen to him talk about the Abruzzi. There's more snow there than hereHe doesn't want to see peasants. Let him go to centres of culture andcivilization.""He should have fine girls. I will give you the addresses of places in NaplesBeautiful young girls--accompanied by their mothers. Ha! Ha! Ha!" The captainspread his hand open, the thumb up and fingers outspread as when you makeshadow pictures. There was a shadow from his hand on the wall. He spoke again in pidgin Italian. "You go away like this," he pointed to the thumb, "andcome back like this," he touched the little finger. Every one laughed "Look," said the captain. He spread the hand again. Again the candle-light made its shadows on the wall. He started with the upright thumb and named intheir order the thumb and four fingers, "soto-tenente the thumb, tenente firstfinger, capitano next finger, maggiore next to the little finger, and tenentecolonello the little finger. You go away soto-tenente! You come backsoto-colonello!" They all laughed. The captain was having a great success withfinger games. He looked at the priest and shouted, "Every night priest fiveagainst one!" They all laughed again "You must go on leave at once," the major said "I would like to go with you and show you things," the lieutenant said "When you come back bring a phonograph.""Bring good opera disks.""Bring Caruso.""Don't bring Caruso. He bellows.""Don't you wish you could bellow like him?""He bellows. I say he bellows!""I would like you to go to Abruzzi," the priest said. The others wereshouting. "There is good hunting. You would like the people and though it iscold it is clear and dry. You could stay with my family. My fatheris a famoushunter.""Come on," said the captain. "We go whorehouse before it shuts.""Good-night," I said to the priest "Good-night," he said3 When I came back to the front we still lived in that town. There were manymore guns in the country around and the spring had come. The fields weregreen and there were small green shoots on the vines, the trees along the roadhad small leaves and a breeze came from the sea. I saw the town with the hilland the old castle above it in a cup in the hills with the mountains beyond,brown mountains with a little green on their slopes. In the town there weremore guns, there were some new hospitals, you met British men and sometimes women, on the street, and a few more houses had been hit by shellfire. Jt was warm and like the spring and I walked down the alleyway of trees,warmed from the sun on the wall, and found we still lived in the same houseand that it all looked the same as when I had left it. The door was open, therewas a soldier sitting on a bench outside in the sun, an ambulance wasby the side door and inside the door, as I went in, there was the smell of marblefloors and hospital. It was all as I had left it except that now it was spring. Ilooked in the door of the big room and saw the major sitting at his desk, thewindow open and the sunlight coming into the room. He did not see me and Idid not know whether to go in and report or go upstairs first and clean up. Idecided to go on upstairs The room I shared with the lieutenant Rinaldi looked out on the courtyardThe window was open, my bed was made up with blankets and my thingshung on the wall, the gas mask in an oblong tin can, the steel helmet on thesame peg. At the foot of the bed was my flat trunk, and my winter boots, theleather shiny with oil, were on the trunk. My Austrian sniper's rifle with its bluedoctagon barrel and the lovely dark walnut, cheek-fitted, schutzen stock, hungover the two beds. The telescope that fitted it was, I remembered, locked in thetrunk. The lieutenant, Rinaldi, lay asleep on the other bed. He wokeheard me in the room and sat up "Ciaou!" he said. "What kind of time did you have?""Magnificent."We shook hands and he put his arm around my neck and kissed me "Oughf," I said "You're dirty," he said. "You ought to wash. Where did you go and what didyou do? Tell me everything at once.""I went everywhere. Milan, Florence, Rome, Naples, Villa San Giovanni,Messina, Taormina--""You talk like a time-table. Did you have any beautiful adventures?""Yes.""Where?""Milano, Firenze, Roma, Napoli--""That's enough. Tell me really what was the best.""In Milano.""That was because it was first. Where did you meet her? In the CovaWhere did you go? How did you feel? Tell me everything at once. Did you stayall night?""Yes.""That's nothing. Here now we have beautiful girls. New girls never been tothe front before.""Wonderful.""You don't believe me? We will go now this afternoon and see. And in thetown we have beautiful English girls. I am now in love with Miss Barkley. I willtake you to call. I will probably marry Miss Barkley.""I have to get washed and report. Doesn't anybody work now?""Since you are gone we have nothing but frostbites, chilblains, jaundice,gonorrhea, self-inflicted wounds, pneumonia and hard and soft chancresEvery week some one gets wounded by rock fragments. There are a few realwounded. Next week the war starts again. Perhaps it start again. They say soDo you think I would do right to marry Miss Barkley--after the war of course?""Absolutely," I said and poured the basin full of water "To-night you will tell me everything," said Rinaldi. "Now I must go back tosleep to be fresh and beautiful for Miss Barkley."I took off my tunic and shirt and washed in the cold water in the basinWhile I rubbed myself with a towel I looked around the room and out the。

A Farewell to Arms永别了武器英语读后感400字Novels can basically be divided into two parts, one is written on the battlefield, and the other is written by Henry and Catherine. As for the war scenes, because there are many geographical nouns in the novel, plus geopolitical unfamiliar, it is not for the time being. In spite of this, a novel or to allow readers to feel the cruelty of war is boring strike the eye and rouse the mind. For example, when Henry was injured and returned to the rear, Hemingway described a simple scene of a soldier's dripping when he died, such as the killing of a compatriot at the time of a large retreat. A driver of Henry, who felt he had not killed an enemy on the battlefield, collapsed a British man to boast of the day; the Italy gendarmerie shot the loss of the Ministry. The officers of the team were almost arbitrary, and they were all Italian.In those years, we always had all the things we didn't want to happen to him. The two groups, even more ambitions, went into a lot of people. They did not know what the war was. They hatedhim but obedient to him. They all defaults to live well after the war, but most of them defaults that the war was going to take his life. In such a situation of being submitting to killing, they fought hard.In the work of farewell to arms, Hemingway spoke frankly and openly about his stand against the war. He is not like others trying to create a strong war scene, he only respect the facts, and the victims of every war; in life we have to have the spirit of Hemingway, in fact, to prove the mistake, do not see the people, no own opinion, and finally only backwardness and absurdity.Destiny is in your own hands, do not blindly bleed, do not sacrifice meaninglessly, recognize yourself, life will go far, and it will be worth living. Keep clear mind every day and develop towards the direction of life.版权作品，未经《99作文网》书面授权，严禁转载，违者将被追究法律责任。

战地玫瑰别样盛开——评《永别了，武器》中的战争与爱情作者：石萍萍来源：《科技视界》 2014年第32期石萍萍（山东工商学院中加学院，山东烟台 264005）【摘要】美国作家海明威是一位极具悲剧创作意识的作家。

在长篇小说《永别了，武器》中，海明威借助战争和爱情两条线索，谱写出一幕关于主人公亨利和凯瑟琳的在第一次世界大战中的爱情悲剧。

本文从《永别了，武器》的创作背景、书名题目以及情节发展等方面展开分析，以探索战争和爱情这两条线索是如何共同作用来体现作者本人的创作意图的。

【关键词】悲剧意识；创作背景；书名题目；情节发展长篇小说《永别了，武器》是美国当代著名的小说家厄内斯特·海明威的代表作。

小说以主人公亨利的经历贯穿整部小说，讲述了男女主人公亨利和凯瑟琳在特定的战争背景下的爱情悲剧。

毫无疑问，《永别了，武器》是一部有关战争的小说，但是海明威在其中还用简洁的语言讲述了一个非常完整的爱情故事，可以说，战争与爱情，是这部小说中平行又交叉的两条线，海明威通过这两条既相互关联又对立冲突的线索，将一幕幕人生悲剧展现在读者面前。

１《永别了，武器》的创作背景创作源于生活。

正如美国著名的悲剧理论家席华尔所言：“悲剧创作是艺术家采取行动的一种方式，反抗命运的一种方法。

因此我们在很多伟大的悲剧中可以感到艺术家似与剧中人声气相通而直接联系。

”[1] 海明威的很多作品都带有明显的自传性质，《永别了，武器》也不例外。

该小说是根据他自己的第一次世界大战的参战经历创作的。

海明威在高中毕业后，怀揣英雄梦想，立志要参军作战，但最终因为视力原因而被红十字会吸纳为救护车驾驶员前往欧洲战场。

1918年7月，海明威因为严重的膝伤而住院疗养。

在住院期间，他爱上了一名美国护士，尽管最终求婚被拒，但这段情感经历还是给他本人以及以后的文学创作带来了深刻的影响。

在小说《永别了，武器》中，海明威根据自己的参战经历塑造了一个美国军官亨利的形象。

亨利在当时政府的宣传和鼓动下，为了“神圣正义”、“自由民主”而来到前线战场。

从《永别了，武器》看海明威的写作技巧摘要：海明威，20世纪著名的作家、诺贝尔文学奖的获得者，《永别了，武器》作为他举世闻名的一部力作向读者展示了精湛的叙事艺术。

从叙事情境、叙事声音和距离、叙事时序，三个方面剖析了海明威的小说的叙事策略。

关键词：海明威《永别了，武器》叙事策略美国著名作家海明威在其长篇小说《永别了武器》中使用了大量的象征主义手法。

该文通过高地和平原的象征意义、光与黑夜的象征意义、河流和雨的象征意义，揭示那场荒唐战争留给青年一代难以愈合的精神创伤，使读者对战争和人性有了一个更真实的感受。

关键词：象征意义高地平原光黑夜河流雨AbstractHemingway was a famous writer and Nobel prize for literature in twentieth Century.Winner, "a farewell to arms" as he is known to the world a masterpiece to show readers Shows his superb narrative art. This article from the narrative situation, narrative voice and distance,A detailed analysis of Hemingway's narrative strategy in three aspects of narrative sequence.Key words: Hemingway "a farewell to arms" narrative strategy of American famous writer Hemingway in his novel "A farewell to arms "Use a lot of symbolism.This article through the analysis High land, plain ,Light,Night,The symbolic significance of the natural landscape, such as rivers and rain, reveals the absurd war which is left to the young generation to heal.God wound, so that readers have a more realistic feelings of war and human nature.Key words: symbolic significance upland plain light, dark river, rain.引言海明威是“迷惘的一代”的代表作家。