专题突破8 动词和动词短语

动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词类，它是构成句子的核心，是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。

在考试大纲及考试说明中，动词占总词汇量的１/３以上，起着举足轻重的作用。

动词和动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例最大，着重考查在不同的语境中对动词及动词短语的应用，以测试学生对基础知识的掌握程度。

考纲要求考生在复习备考中主要掌握以下几个方面：１动词的词义；２动词搭配；３及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；４熟记高频动词构成的短语的用法（例如：break，bring，call，come，cut，give，go，get，hold，look，make，put，set，take，turn等）。

１．（２0１３·湖北，２３）While intelligent people can often________the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.A．sacrifice B．substitute C．simplify D．survive２．（２0１３·福建，２8）Old—fashioned phones matter when wireless networks ________ in disasters.A．turn down B．turn outC．break down D．break out３．（２0１３·湖北，２４）According to the law, all foreigners have to________with the local police within two weeks of arrival.A．associate B．dispute C．negotiate D．register４．（２0１３·江苏，２３）—The town is so beautiful! I just love it.—Me too.The character of the town is well ________.A．qualified B．preservedC．decorated D．simplified５．（２0１３·江苏，２9）T eam leaders must ensure that all members ________ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.A．get over B．look overC．take over D．come over6．（２0１３·陕西，２５）My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking，but at least he has ________. A．cut out B．cut downC．cut up D．cut off7．（２0１３·天津，２）If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to________a hanＤ．A．lend B．shake C．wave D．want8．（２0１３·新课标Ⅰ，２３）Try not to cough more than you can________since it may cause problems to your lungs.A．check B．allow C．stop D．help9．（２0１３·浙江，9）When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to ________ it with important points.A．conclude B．lead C．avoid D．hold１0．（２0１３·浙江，１２）A good listener takes part in the conversation，________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.A．realizing B．copyingC．offering D．misunderstanding考点１、动词意义的辨析【例１】Recently，these companies have ________ some workers becames of the drop in economy. A．hired B．dismissed C．refused D．employed【例２】When his brother was to cross the street，he was knocked down by a truck and badly ________.A．injured B．damaged C．harmed D．destroyed考点２、动词的固定搭配【例３】I ________ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.A．make B．look C．take D．think【例４】Her shoes ________ her dress，they look very well together.A．suit B．fit C．compare D．match【特别提醒】英语中一些动词虽然词形相近，但意义不同（１）动词adapt, adjust, adopt的用法比较。

人教版初中英语基础语法暑假专题突破与巩固学案（八）基础语法专题：动词的时态和语态篇第一部分：定义概念清晰化动词的时态: 指的是谓语动词用来表示动作或情况发生时的各种动词形式。

英语中一共有16种时态，但在初中阶段常考的时态有以下8种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时。

考查重点集中在一般现在时在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的用法、终止性动词在现在完成时中不能与for，since短语或从句连用、have been to与have gone to的用法以及在具体语境中动词的用法等。

动词的语态: 指的是表示句子主语与谓语动词之间关系的一种动词形式。

英语中的动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示的主语是动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示的主语是动作的承受者。

被动语态是中考中的必考内容之一，其中考查的重点是一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态。

第二部分：知识归类知识网络化We’ll have a picnic if it is fine next Sunday.如果下个星期日天气晴朗，我们将去野餐。

I’ll call you as soon as I get to Beijing tomorrow.我明天一到北京就给你打电话。

2.某些表示起始、往返、出发、到达之意的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作(此时一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语)。

这类动词有：begin, come, go, leave, start, arrive, end, stop, open, close等。

如：The meeting begins at 2:00 p.m. tomorrow.这个会议明天下午2点开始。

The next train leaves at 7 o’clock this evening.下一列火车将在今晚7点离开。

语法专题突破专题八动词及动词短语(限时：25分钟满分：51分得分：________)Ⅰ.选择填空(每小题1分)1. (2019安徽改编)—Hello, Beijing Hotel. Can I help you?—Yes, I’d like to ________ a single room for two nights.A. enterB. moveC. book2. (2019连云港改编)Through the stories behind the idioms, we would be able to fully ________ China’s culture, history and tradition.A. understandB. searchC. compare3. (2019无锡改编)—I’m going to add some tomato sauce to the salad, if you don’t ________．—Not at all. Go ahead.A. careB. agreeC. mind4. (2019包头改编)Stephen Hawking has ________ great success as a scientist.A. allowedB. achievedC. practiced5. (2019贵港改编)—Joe, don’t eat too much ice-cream.—OK, mom. But it ________ really good.A. feelsB. looksC. tastes6. (2019铁岭改编)The cover of the book ________ comfortable. It’s made of silk.A. tastesB. feelsC. looks7. (2019滨州改编)—Tom，________ the umbrella with you.Look at the dark sky, it’s going to rain.—Thank you, dad.A. takeB. wearC. use8. (2019岳阳)The volunteers________ the sick kids in the hospital on weekends.A. look afterB. look forC. look through9. (2019宜宾)In the face of difficulty, never ________ and you will succeed sooner or later.A. give backB. give inC. give away10. (2019咸宁改编)—Jimmy, the books are everywhere in your study.—Sorry, Mom. I’ll ________ at once.A. put them onB. put them awayC. put them out11.(2019安顺改编)—I don’t think teachers should give too much homework to ________ the free time of students.—Exactly!A. give upB. take upC. look up12. (2019黄冈改编)—I don’t know how to ________ the old books.—Why not give them away to poor children?A. hand outB. give upC. deal with13.Everyone is born with the ability to ________. However, whether we can do well or not depends on our learning habits.A. playB. smileC. learn14. Please follow the rules. Don’t take photos or ________ anything shown in the museum.A. buyB. touchC. watch15. The mother always sets a good example for her children and wants them to ________ her.A. followB. praiseC. answer16. I will be glad if you can ________ time to have a visit to our hometown.A. missB. changeC. spare17.—The school net will be shut down for safety reasons.—That doesn’t ________ me at all. I’m not a net-worm, anyway.A.fitB. satisfyC. worry18.—I’ve tried hard at my schoolwork but still ________．—Don’t be upset. Sometimes losing is only a sign that you really tried.A. failedB. worriedC. improved19.—How’s Peter now? I haven’t seen him for a long time.—I heard the company ________ him a very good job, but he turned it down.A. trainedB. encouragedC. offered20. It is important for us to ________ trade with foreign countries, because it will bring us more chances.A. changeB. developC. thank21.—Would you like to see a movie with me on Saturday night?—Sorry, I didn’t ________ it. Could you please say it again?A. receiveB. catchC. finish22. I ________ Joe’s invitation yesterday. I am thinking about whether I will go there or not.A. receivedB. acceptedC. offered23. Yesterday I ________ a book about cooking in the bookstore. I want to learn a new skill.A. boughtB. soldC. heard24. It is so lucky that I ________ the game. I just can’t believe it.A. wonB. enteredC. passed25. I ________ my English dictionary to Tom. And he promised to give it back tomorrow morning.A. lentB. broughtC. lost26. There are so many fish swimming in the pool. They ________ very happy.A. tasteB. smellC. look27.—Do you like having food with music?—Yes. I like soft music. It ________ nice.A. tastesB. looksC. sounds28. Please ________ your rubbish with you when you leave your seat. Don’t throw away the rubbish everywhere.A. bringB. carryC. take29. A smile is helpful. It can help me ________ hard times in life.A. get upB. get throughC. get out30. The government has ________ to stop air pollution, such as controlling the traffic and shutting down certain factories.A. taken actionB. taken placeC. taken care31. Before you start to read a new book, you’d better ________ its background first.A. look outB. look aroundC. look through32.—Could you please drive faster, sir? My flight to Kunming is going to ________．—I want to, but safety comes first, after all.A. get offB. shut offC. take off33. You’d better try to guess the meaning when you meet a new word. Don’t always ________ your dictionary.A. keep onB. depend onC. decide on34. We’re not supposed to ________ those who failed, because no one can be a winner all the time.A. point atB. laugh atC. look at35. Summer camp is a great experience for students. It is good to help them ________．A. fix upB. send upC. grow up36.In a soccer game, it’s important for players to play together and________ the best in each other.A. hang outB. check outC. bring out37. I like reading, and I buy the magazines when they ________ every month.A. take outB. come outC. find out38. Our geography teacher told us to ________ more information about our city and share it next week.A. find outB. keep awayC. turn offⅡ.短文填空基础训练(每小题1分)音标1.When I was young, I ________/θɔːt/ being a pilot was the coolest job in the world.2.When you meet some difficulties, you should face them bravely and ________ /traɪ/ to get them over by yourself.3. Mary gave me several useful suggestions on how to ________ /ɪm’pruːv/ my listening skills. How kind she was!4. As the autumn comes, most of the leaves turn yellow and ________ /fɔːl/ down from the trees.5. My parents don’t allow me to read e-book s. They ________ /′wʌri/ about my eyes.6. On February 10th, 2017, Wang Yuan ________ /meɪd/ a short speech on good quality education of English in the United Nations.7. When the baby dog was found, it was very hungry. So we ________/ɡeɪv/ it some food.适当形式填空8. (2019绥化)It’s ________(say) that the pianist will come to our city next week.9. (2019大庆)In many restaurants, tea is ________(serve) for free.10. (2019宿迁)The question is a little difficult. Let’s have a ________ (discuss) about it.11. (2019鄂州)There are some boys ________ (swim) in the river now. It’s very dangerous.12. Traditional customs, beliefs, or methods are ones that have existed for a long time without ________(change)．13. Please stop ________ (waste)your time on mobile phones. There are more meaningful things for you to do.。

Unit8 SectionA知识讲解1. Turn on the blender. 打开食物搅拌器。

turn on意为＂打开＂，反义词组是turn off。

turn up意为＂开大＂，turn down 意为＂关小＂，都是＂动词+副词＂构成的短语，后接代词作宾语时，该代词要位于副词之前。

若后接名词作宾语，则该名词位于副词前后都可以。

2. Cut up the bananas. 切碎香蕉。

cut up切碎，切开，相当于cut into pieces，cut up属于＂动词+副词＂构成的短语，接代词it/them时要放在cut up中间，接名词时放后边和中间都可以。

3. Pour the milk int o the blender. 把牛奶倒进食物搅拌器里。

（1）pour…into…意为“将……倒进……里”。

（2）pour用作动词，意为“倒出；倾倒”。

pour sth. for sb. “给某人倒某物”。

4. Peel three bananas. 剥三个香蕉。

peel 此处用作及物动词，意为“剥皮；去皮”。

5. How do you make a banana milk shake? 你怎样做香蕉奶昔？（1）这是一个特殊疑问句，疑问词how意为“怎样；如何”，用以对做某事的方法、方式、途径及动作成都等进行提问。

（2）make在此用作及物动词，意为“做，制作”，其后常接双宾语，即make sb. sth.,可与make sth. for sb.进行同义句转换，意为“为某人制作某物”。

（3）milk shake“奶昔”，此处shake作名词，意为“奶昔”，一种用牛奶、冰激凌和水果或巧克力做的饮料。

6. How much yogurt do we need? 你需要多少酸奶？how much表示＂多少＂，后面跟不可数名词。

7. Then, add the cabbage, tomatoes and onion and cook for another 10 minutes. 然后加入卷心菜、西红柿和洋葱，再煮10分钟。