专题复习之动词和动词短语
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复习专题短语动词知识点(大全)一、短语动词1.The company wants to a school for the poor children.A. put offB. set upC. call inD. look after【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意:这家公司想为贫困儿童建一所学校。
put off推迟;延期;set up 建立;call in召集;打电话;look after照顾。
故选B。
【点评】考查动词短语辨析。
2.--- Who is Dave looking ______?--- His mother. She's been in hospital for a few days.A. forB. afterC. atD. up【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意:——Dave在照顾谁?——他妈妈,她住院好几天了。
look after照顾;look for寻找;look at看;look up查找。
根据in hospital可知选B。
【点评】考查介词辨析,牢记look的固定搭配。
3.--Talking loudly in a library is impolite.--In fact, we should also take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in public.(找出与画线部分意思相同或相近的选项)A. look afterB. be carefulC. take care ofD. look up【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意:在图书馆大声喧哗是不礼貌的。
——实际上,我们应该当心,不要在公共场所咳嗽或者打喷嚏。
take care当心,小心。
look after照顾;be careful小心;take care of照顾;look up查找。
故选B。
【点评】考查动词短语辨析。
4.一 I failed in the driving test again. Sorry to let you down.一 How come? I've helped you practice enough.A. pick……upB. help…… outC. make……disappointed【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意:——我驾考又没过关,对不起,让你失望了。
专题08 动词和动词短语考点1 动词词义辨析1.(2022·天津·中考真题)My aunt offered me a dictionary and I ________ it happily.A.accepted B.invited C.mixed D.grew【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:姑姑给了我一本字典,我欣然接受。
考查动词辨析。
accepted接受;invited邀请;mixed混合;grew种植。
根据“My aunt offered me a dictionary”可知是接受了姑姑给的字典。
故选A。
2.(2022·江西·中考真题)________ me, I’ll show you the way.A.Follow B.Forget C.Leave D.Punish【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:跟着我,我来给你带路。
考查动词辨析。
follow跟随;forget忘记;leave离开;punish惩罚。
根据“me, I’ll show you the way”可知,给对方带路,要跟着自己走,故选A。
3.(2022·安徽·中考真题)—You can ________ between joining the dancing club and going to the chess club.—I consider going to the chess club, for I like playing chess better.A.decide B.guess C.hide D.wait【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:——你可以决定参加舞蹈俱乐部还是国际象棋俱乐部。
——我考虑去象棋俱乐部,因为我更喜欢下棋。
考查动词辨析。
decide决定;guess猜;hide隐藏;wait等待。
根据“You can...between joining the dancing club and going to the chess club.”可知,是决定参加哪个俱乐部,故选A。
高中英语语法总结:动词和动词短语英语动词根据其意义和句法作用,可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。
实义动词又称行为动词,为表示动作或状态的动词,可以单独充当句子的谓语,实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。
英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成,在句中起动词的作用。
高考设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语词意的辨析及其理解和运用能力。
考向一 常用动词辨析1.advise,persuade,suggestadvise用作及物动词,表示"劝告,忠告,建议",强调提醒或引起注意;persuade表示"说服",强调劝说成功,主要搭配是:persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事(相当于persuade sb. into doing sth.);如表示劝说但不一定成功,则使用try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to do sth.。
suggest用作及物动词,意为"建议",后接名词、代词、动名词或从句,从句中的谓语用"should+动词原形",should可以省略。
2.bring,take,carry,fetchbring"带来,拿来,取来",强调从别处带人或物到说话人所在地。
take"拿走,带走",强调把人或物从说话者身边带走,方向与bring相反。
fetch"去拿来,去取来",强调从甲地出发到乙地取物或人后,又回到甲地,相当于go and bring。
carry"携带,搬运,运送",强调用人力或车辆把人或物从一地运到另一地。
3.win,beat,defeatwin表示"赢得,战胜"时,宾语多是比赛项目等。
win sb.则指"赢得人心"。
beat/defeat意为"打败,击败",其宾语只能是人或由人组成的机构。
如:beat sb.打败某人;defeat their team/ the country/the enemy击败了他们的队/国家/敌人。
【备战2014】高考英语语法复习专题动词和动词短语(重点知识归纳+考点聚焦+仿真演练,14页)一、动词的分类①Don’t be so di scouraged. If you such feelings, you will do better next time.A. carry onB. get backC. break downD. put away 【解析】答案为D。
carry on意为“开展、进行”;get back意为“取回,拿回”;break down意为“分解、崩溃”。
put away除了有“把……收起、放好”的意思外还有“储存、抛弃、放弃”的意思。
句意:别那么垂头丧气的。
如果你抛弃这种情绪(而振作起来),下次你就会做得更好。
②I was still sleeping when the fire _________,and then it spread quickly.A. broke outB. put outC. came outD. got out【解析】答案为A。
break out意为“发生”符合题意;put out意为“扑灭”;come out意为“出版、出现、出来”;get out意为“(拿)出来”。
句意:火灾发生时,我还在睡觉,然后火势很快蔓延开来。
注意:①如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开She turned off all the lights which had been left on.她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。
②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。
She gave them away.她把它们送掉了。
①Once a decision has been made,all of us should _____it.A. direct toB. stick toC. lead toD. refer to 【解析】答案为B。
stick to意为“坚守(规则、诺言等)”②It’s the present situation in poor areas that_______much higher spending on education and training.A. answers forB. provides forC. calls forD. plans for【解析】答案为C。
2023年中考英语语法---动词及动词短语专题复习及练习题(含答案)一、动词的基本框架动词包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
(一)实义动词实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。
按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1.及物动词:及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
(1)动词+宾语I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。
(2)动词+宾语+宾补We call the bird Polly.我们叫这只鸟Polly。
I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。
注意:用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:have,see,watch,notice,hear等。
(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。
常见的带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell等。
2.不及物动词不及物动词自身意思完整,不用接宾语。
Horses run fast.马跑得快。
(1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。
We study English.我们学习英语。
(及物动词)We study hard.我们努力学习。
(不及物动词)(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用相当于一个及物动词。
①动词+介词Listen to the teacher carefully.仔细听老师讲。
此类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。
②动词+副词+介词Let’s go on with our work!让我们继续我们的工作吧!He gets along well with his classmates.他与他的同学们相处得很好。
专题动词和动词短语复习目标:一.动词分类二.动词辨析(感官动词辨析和实义动词辨析)三.动词短语考点讲解一.命题点1:动词分类(必考:每年2~5道;单选、完形,词语运用) 概念:动词是表示人或事物动作或状态的词。
1.实义动词(必考) 及物动词和不及物动词。
(辨析类试题为主)2.系动词:be,感官动间(taste,smell,feel,sound,look)(2016.34,2014.35)等3.助动词:do,does,did,have,has等4.情态动词:can,may,must,need等(详见下一专题)巩固练习词汇运用1.Don't be afraid of___(fail),because it makes us grow.2. The Jiaozi Road is closed today because workers are ___(make)some repairs.3.I must return the camera to Li Lei.I have ____ (keep)it for two weeks.4.Can you ____(see)the new build? It was buil last year.二.命题点2:动词辨析(感官动词辨析和实义动词辨析)考向一:感官动词辨析河北中考近6年考查了2次感官动词辨析,均在单项选择中考查smell的用法。
初中常见的感官动词还有sound(s),feel(s),taste(s),look(s)。
解答此类试题的关键是剖析题干中的搭配词及语境.巩固练习单项选择1 .(2016 河北34 题)The air___fresh after the rain. And the sky is blue.A. feelsB. tastesC. smellsD. sounds2. (2014 河北35 题) Mom is making dinner. It___so nice!A. smellsB. tastesC. feelsD. sounds3. The cake ____delicious. I’d like to have another one.A. tastesB. looksC. soundsD. feels4.TFBOYS's songs ____sweet and many of us like lislening to them.A. soundB. feelC. tasteD. look5. This dress is made of silk.It ____comfortable.A. looksB. smellsC. feelsD. sounds考向二:实义动词辨析1.实义动词辨析(6年15考)解答实义动词词义辨析类试题时,首先要分析各个选项的词义,然后分析语境,找出关键词,或者根据前后文语境的逻辑关系来确定正确答案。
专题04 动词和动词短语1.(2023年新高考I卷完形填空)As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____25____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue.25. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised【答案】C【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。
句意:她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。
A. agreed同意;B. returned回来;C. stopped 停止;D. promised答应。
根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知,她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。
故选C。
2.(2023年新高考II卷)As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.【答案】wished【详解】考查动词。
句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。
分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以wish作本句谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。
故填wished。
3.(新高考II卷完形填空)It just ___44___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ___45___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to ___46___ Tiffy.44. A. appeared B. proved C. happened D. showed45. A. waited B. offered C. hurried D. failed46. A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up【答案】44. C 45. B 46. D【详解】【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。
专题复习之动词和动词短语◇高考链接◇1.[2012•江西卷] We were all agreed that the cottage would________ a perfect holiday home for the family.A.make B.turnC.take D.have[解析] A 考查动词词义辨析。
句意:我们都认为那栋小别墅可以成为这个家庭的一个极好的假日之家。
make意为“使成为”,符合语境。
turn意为“使改变方向,转动”;take意为“带走;需要”;have意为“有”。
2.[2012•湖北卷] Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to________ our school‘s campaign “Help the Needy”,which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.A.sponsor B.launchC.organize D.plan[解析] A 考查动词。
根据题意,两名律师捐赠了五万美元资助我校的“帮助需要的人”的活动,可知最佳答案为A(赞助,资助)。
launch发射,发起;organize组织;plan计划;均不符合题意。
3.[2012•课标全国卷] If she doesn't want to go, nothing you can say will ________ her.A.persuade B.promiseC.invite D.support[解析] A 考查动词词义辨析。
persuade说服;promise许诺;invite 邀请;support支持。
句意:如果她不想去,你说什么都不能说服她。
根据句意选A。
4.[2012•福建卷] You had better ________ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.A.set aside B.take upC.put away D.give out[解析] A 考查动词短语。
句意:你最好每天留出一些时间运动以保持充沛的精力。
set aside留出,拨出;take up占据;put away收起来;give out分发。
5.[2012•湖北卷] Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to ________ his courage.A.hold up B.keep upC.set up D.take up[解析] B 考查动词短语。
根据题意,这个男孩独自走在黑暗中,吹着口哨以保持(继续)前进的勇气,所以最佳答案为B(保持,使不低落)。
hold up举起,支撑,使停顿;set up建立;take up拿起,占用,开始做,从事;A、C、D三项均不符合题意。
◇考点归纳◇► 考点一 常考的几类动词及短语规则1:连系动词特点:后面常接形容词或名词,此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。
连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下五种:(1)变化类,表事物发展变化的过程,如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, come等。
(2)感官类,表人体部位的感受,如feel, smell, taste, look,sound等。
(3)状态类,表事物所处的状态,如keep, remain, stand, lie, stay等。
(4)外表特征类,表外表给人的印象,如appear, seem, look等。
(5)终止类,表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实,变成”之意。
规则2:感官动词和使役动词(1)常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel等。
感官动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语,表达不同的含义。
(2)常考的使役动词有make, have, let等。
使役动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语,表达不同的含义。
规则3:主动形式表达被动含义的动词(1)某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示主语的某种属性特征,不用被动。
这类动词有:sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。
如:This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.这种布耐洗而且耐用。
(2)某些及物动词转为不及物动词后,其主动形式表示被动意义。
这类动词有:open(打开,营业),close(关门),shut(关闭),cut(切割),weigh(重),act(上演)等。
如:This shop opens much earlier than it used to.这家商店比过去开门更早了。
3)某些不及物动词及短语,本身表被动含义,所以它们常用主动形式。
这类动词及短语有:happen, occur, cost,come out(出版),turn up(被找到),come into being(产生),come to one's mind(想起),come into use(开始使用), turn out(证明是,结果是),come about(发生),break out(爆发),belong to(属于),come up(被提出), be worth(值得做), be to blame(受责备)等。
如:The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language cameout in the 18th century. 第一批用作英语教学的外语教材出版于18世纪。
(4)“主语+系动词+形容词+不定式”句式中。
当形容词说明主语具有某种特征,主语又充当不定式的逻辑宾语时,其中不定式要用主动形式表达被动意义。
常用于这一结构的形容词有:easy, hard, difficult, heavy, fit, expensive等。
如:The physics problem is easy to work out.这道物理题很容易算出来。
规则4:接动名词作宾语的动词或短语常见的有:avoid, can‘t stand, consider, enjoy, escape,finish, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, admit, appreciate, deny, forbid等。
如:The bird was lucky to escape being caught.这只鸟幸运地逃离了被捕获的命运。
规则5:接不定式作宾语的动词常见的有:afford, agree, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse,want 等。
如:He can't afford to buy such an expensive car.他买不起这么贵的车。
规则6:既可接动词不定式又可接动名词的动词意义有明显区别的有:try to do(努力做), try doing(试着做); mean to do(打算), mean doing(意味着); can't help doing(忍不住做), can't help to do(不能帮助做); remember doing(记得做过), remember to do(记住去做); regret doing(后悔做过), regret to do(遗憾要去做……);forget to do(忘记去做), forget doing(忘记做过); stop to do sth.(停下正做的事去做另外一件事), stop doing sth.(停止正在做的事); go on to do sth.(接着做另一件事), go on doing sth.(继续做某事)。
规则7:表示 “需要”意义的动词这类词既可直接接动名词,也可接不定式的被动语态,但两者均可表示被动含义。
它们是:need, want, require等。
如:Your sick mother needs looking after.=Your sick mother needs to be looked after.你病弱的母亲需要照顾。
规则8:接虚拟语气的动词有些动词表示“命令、建议、要求”等时,其后的宾语从句用should加动词原形,其中should常可省略。
它们是:order, suggest, insist, advise, demand, request, require, propose等。
如:Our teacher requires this be done in no time.我们老师要求这个立刻完成。
规则9:表示“计划未能实现”的动词此类动词常用过去完成式加不定式,或用过去式接不定式的完成式表虚拟语气,表达原来的计划未能实现。
它们是:intend, mean, plan, hope, expect, think, want, suppose等。
如:I had meant to leave on Monday, but have stayed on.我本想星期一走的,但又留下来了。
规则10:现在表将来的动词及短语这类动词(短语)常用一般现在时或现在进行时表将来。
它们是:come, go, leave, start, arrive, move, begin, fall,stay, take off等。
如:Your plane takes off at a quarter past two in the afternoon.你的飞机是下午两点一刻起飞。
规则11:带介词to的动词短语带介词to的动词短语有:be (get) used to, lead to, devote…to, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, adapt to等。
当它们后面出现动词时,要用v. ing形式。
如:Let's get down to doing the work.咱们开始着手工作吧。
规则12:使用替代词的动词类此类动词后面常接so/not作宾语,以此回答或代替前面的句子或主从复合句中的从句及谓语动词。