2019版高考英语二轮专题复习练习：专题五-动词和动词短语

动词和动词短语动词是英语词汇中的核心，而动词及其构成的短语一直是高考中的热点和难点。

它的用法最灵活，其种类比较多，形式复杂。

每年高考中对动词短语和动词的考查都会出现2〜4道试题，难度也大。

2019年高考中特别要注意动词及其和介词、副词的搭配，以及构成的固定短语，要注意这些短语的意思，同时要在具体的语境中灵话地加以使用。

动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色之一，也是学生学习中的难点，因此每年均为测试的重点。

在历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用。

考点1 动词词义辨析这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。

要做好这类试题，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。

【典例】Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might ________ the things they see.A. indicateB. investigateC. imitateD. innovate【答案】C【解析】句意：儿童不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所看到的。

此处indicate暗示，表明；investigate调查；imitate模仿；innovate创新。

根据句意，故选C。

考点2 近义动词辨析这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。

面对这类试题，必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。

【典例】I was able at last to ________ my brother to follow my advice.A. suggestB. adviseC. persuadeD. leave off【答案】C【解析】句意：我终于能够说服我的兄弟听从我的劝告。

此处suggest建议，后面接动名词，不接不定式作宾语补足语的结构；advise建议,不强调说服；persuade说服;leave off停止。

动词和动词短语Ⅰ.单项填空1．Matthew grew up in a rich family but he was always ready to ________ heavy responsibilities.A．take in B．take overC．take on D．take away解析考查动词短语辨析。

句意：Matthew在一个富裕家庭长大，但是他一直乐于承担重任。

take on承担；take over接管；take away带走；take in欺骗。

故选C。

答案 C2．They ________ my ability to solve problems，but I have proved that they are all wrong.A．opposed B．doubtedC．wondered D．ignored解析考查动词辨析。

句意：他们对我解决问题的能力表示怀疑，但我最终证明他们都错了。

doubt“怀疑”，符合语意。

oppose“反对”；wonder“琢磨，想知道”；ignore“忽视，不予理睬”。

故选B。

答案 B3．Under a law that makes bad manners a crime，New York subway police fined more than 7,000 passengers last year for putting feet on the seats or ________ too much space.A．getting on B．taking upC．applying for D．putting through解析考查动词短语辨析。

句意：根据一项将举止不佳列为罪行的法律，去年纽约地铁警方就对七千多名乘客进行了罚款，因为他们将脚放在座位上，或者占据了过多的空间。

这里用take up表示“占据，占用”。

故选B。

答案 B4．—How many people have died in the bomb explosion?—They say they've had reports that more than a hundred people died but cannot ________ this.A．require B．advise C．demand D．confirm解析考查动词辨析。

2019版高考英语大二轮复习第一部分语篇填空和短文改错专题五动词和动词短语（+完形填空+语篇填空+短文改错）优选习题编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2019版高考英语大二轮复习第一部分语篇填空和短文改错专题五动词和动词短语（+完形填空+语篇填空+短文改错）优选习题）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为2019版高考英语大二轮复习第一部分语篇填空和短文改错专题五动词和动词短语（+完形填空+语篇填空+短文改错）优选习题的全部内容。

专题五动词和动词短语(+完形填空+语篇填空+短文改错)A级基础过关Ⅰ.单句填空1.（2018湖北黄冈中学三模)In the course of serving tea，the host should take careful notice of how much water is（remain） in the cups and in the kettle.答案remaining2.There should be more and more cultural exchanges between us so as to （deep）our understanding of each other.答案deepen3.（2018陕西西安二模) Li Hua read her diary entry from the previous day，which (say):“I realize that as well as making time for my friends,I should also have some time to myself.”答案said4。

第2讲书信邮件最常考，目的明确会套语◆书信和电子邮件是全国卷书面表达最热门的考查形式◆常考类型：邀请信、道歉信、询问信、建议信、求助信、约稿信、申请信等(2018·全国Ⅰ) 假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。

请你回复邮件，内容包括：1．到达时间；2．合适的礼物；3．餐桌礼仪。

注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________满分作文第一步认真审题谋篇布局体裁话题人称时态要点邮件介绍在中国朋友家做客习俗第一人称、第二人称一般现在时①写信背景目的。

②陈述到达时间、建议带的合适的礼物及简单的中国餐桌礼仪。

③希望对方做客愉快顺利满分作文第二步斟酌词句设计亮点1．我很高兴得知你将出席你中国朋友的宴请。

高级句式(用被动语态)：I’m glad/pleased/delighted to know __you_are_invited_to_a_dinner_party__ by your Chinese friend.2．你最好准时到达，因为守时在中国是有礼貌的。

2019年高考英语语法必考考点（6）：动词及动词短语含解析李仕才【考点解读】动词和动词短语是历年高考单项填空考查的核心热点，每年必考，一般占1—2道题。

设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或动词短语(有时是同一动词与不同介词或副词的搭配)来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及动词短语意义的理解和实际运用能力。

动词及动词短语的考查点多面广，综合性强，备受命题者青睐。

考点一、考查动词词义辨析这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。

要做好这类试题，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。

如：Recently, these companies have _______ some workers because of the drop in economy.A. hiredB. dismissedC. refusedD. employed【答案】B【解析】四个选项都是及物动词，且都可以与worker构成动宾关系，但从题干中的the drop in economy可知，只有B项符合题意。

考点二、考查近义动词辨析这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。

面对这类试题，必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。

如：When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______。

A. injured B damaged C. harmed D. destroyed【答案】A考点三、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。

碰到这类试题时，解答的关键是弄清题意，然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。

如：With modern equipment, many mysteries have _______ to light in recent years.A. boughtB. comeC. thrownD. appeared【答案】B【解析】题意为“由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开”。

手惰市安逸阳光实验学校动词及动词短语1、“Why do people go out always with umbrellas in England?” Well, in England can one experience the changes of the four seasons on a single day. General speaking, the climate is mild. The winter is warm while in the summer is cool. It is neither too cold or too hot. The Changes in temperature is not great. Sometimes it rains, sometimes it snows heavy, sometimes it has fog, and sometimes it has frost. Such weather has a effect on Englishmen’s character, that makes them careful. This is how Englishmen go out always with umbrellas.【答案】in England can前加onlyon→inGeneral→Generally去掉inor→noris→areheavy→heavilya→anthat→whichhow→why2、Everybody, attention, please. I have something to tell you. We are going to pay visit to the History Museum of this Sunday. Be surely to arrive at the school gate after 8:00 am. We would set off at 8:10 am by bustogether. At about 8:40 am, we’ll have a visit to the History Museum followed a guide. At around 11:00 the visit is over, but we plan to return at about 11:10 by bus. Not forget to wear school uniforms on the very day.And everyone needed to write a composition after the visit. Hope you will enjoy them. That’s all. Thank you.【答案】Everybody, attention, please. I have something to tell you. We are going to pay∧visit to the History Museum this Sunday. Beasurely to arrive at the school gate after 8:00 am. We would set off at sure before will8:10 am by bus together. At about 8:40 am, we’ll have a visit to the History Museum followed a guide. At around 11:00 the visit is followingover, but we plan to return at about 11:10 by bus. Not forget to wear and Don’tschool uniforms on the very day. And everyone needed to write aneedscomposition after the visit. Hope you will enjoy them. That’s all. Thank you.it3、Choosing the right job is probably one of the most important decisions we have to make in life, and it is frequently one of the hardest decisions we have to make. One important question that you might ask yourself is: “How do I get a good job?”___【小题1】___.There are people who can answer an insignificant advertisement in the local paper and land the best job in the world; others write to all sorts of places all over the country, and never seem to get a reply at all. Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door approach is by far the best way to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active decision of their own, just seem to be in the right place at the right time. __【小题2】____. He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea watching the tall ships, but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them. His father was a farmer, and being a sailor could never be anything for the boy but an idle dream. One day, on his usual wandering, he heard the captain of the ship complaining that he could not sail because one member of his crew was sick. Without stopping to think, the lad(少年) offered to take his place. ___【小题3】___._【小题4】__. If the lad had gone home to ponder（考虑）his decision for a week, he may have missed his chance. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well. Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum jobs（美差）. When you go for a job interview or fill out an application, you are expected to say nice things about the company to which you are applying. __【小题5】___. And within a year this person had become general manger of the company.A．This story also illustrates the importance of seizing an opportunity when it presents itself. B．People find jobs in a great number of ways.C．it’s almost impossible to find a good job by answering advertisement in newspapersD．Take for example the young man who wanted to be a sailor.E．But there was one person who landed an excellent job by telling the interviewer all the company’s faults.F．He spent the rest of his life happily sailing the ships he had always loved.G．It is very important to seize an opportunity when it presents itself. 【答案】BDFAE【解析】根据上一句的How do I get a good job可知，该句为对这个问题的回答根据后面的He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea可知根据上文的内容和Without stopping to think, the lad(少年) offered to take his 可知place根据后面的 If the lad had gone home to ponder（考虑）his decision for a week, he may have missed his chance可知，根据后面的And within a year this person had become general manger of the company可知4、In the 60s, people asked about your astrological (about star) sign.In the 90s, they want to know your website. 1 Your website is an electronic meeting place for your family, friends and potentially, millions of people around the world. Best of all, you may not have to spend a cent. The web is filled with all kinds of free services and all it takes is some time and creativity.2 Like the table of contents of a book or magazine, the home page is the front door. Your site can have one or more pages, depending on how you design it.While web pages vary greatly in their design and content, most use a traditional magazine layout（版面设计）.At the top of the page is a banner(横幅). Next comes a greeting and a short description of the site. Pictures, text, and links to other websites follow.3 Think about whom the site is for and what you want to say. Next, gather up the material that you want to put on the site.While there are no rules you have to follow, there are a few things to keep in mind: 4 If you are too much at the beginning, you may never get the site off the ground. You can always add to your site.Less is better. Most people don’t like to read a lot of long text online.5Smaller is better. Since it can take a long time to download large image files, keep the file sizes small.Have the rights. Don’t put any material on your site unless you are sure you can do it legally. Always remember to get the permission from the writer first.Now it’s time to roll up your sleeves and start build ingA．Start simply.B．Break it into small pieces.C．Draw a rough layout on a sheet of paper.D．Many websites are considered very interesting.E．Before you start building your site, do some planning.F．Think of your home page as the starting point of your website. G．These days, having a web address is almost as important as a street address.【答案】GFEAB5、阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1)汉语提示，2)首字母提示，3)语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，并将该词完整地写在右边相对应的横线上。

第3讲通知、留言、演讲稿，措辞得体突重点◆2018年全国Ⅲ卷、2014年辽宁卷考查通知，留言和演讲稿很可能会有所考查。

(2018·全国Ⅱ) 你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Gro w ing Together，内容包括：1．短片内容：学校的发展；2．放映时间、地点；3．欢迎对短片提出意见。

注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 满分作文第一步认真审题谋篇布局体裁人称时态结构要点通知第二人称一般现在时和一般将来时活动目的→要求→具体细节①通知主题；②欢迎参加；③放映时间地点；④欢迎提意见。

2019高考英语二轮练习语法通关练习－动词和动词短语【五】动词和动词短语1、(2018·徐州模拟)Theheadmasterwill________aspeechtothevisitingforeigngueststhisafternoon.A、deliverB、addressC、announceD、declare解析：句意：今天下午校长将要对来访的外宾发表讲话。

deliver发表；deliveraspeech 发表演讲；addresssb.对某人讲话，对某人发表演说；announce宣布，通告；declare宣告，声明。

答案：A2、—IthinkIshouldwearadressinsteadofthisjeans.—It'sjustasmallinformalparty，soyoudon'thaveto________.A、warmupB、putupC、dressupD、keepup解析：句意为：——我觉得我应该穿礼服不能穿牛仔服。

——这只是一个不太正式的小聚会，因此，你不必刻意打扮。

dressup穿上特殊服装，乔装，化妆。

答案：C3、(2018·烟台月考)Ifyoukeeppractisingyoursoninfootball，he________tomakeafamousplayer.A、wantsB、hopesC、promisesD、wishes解析：句意为：如果你坚持对你儿子进行足球训练，他有希望成为一个著名的球员。

promise有前途，有……的可能。

答案：C4、(2017·烟台模拟)Newly－developedmaterialsforspaceshipscan________extremeweatherconditions.A、holdB、supportC、standD、compete解析：句意为：新研发的航空材料能经受极端天气条件的考验。

高考英语二轮复习专题辅导资料专题（5）动词和动词短语【考情分析】动词及短语动词在高考中的考查重点：1.系动词的比较；2.动词和短语动词的习惯用法和意义辨析（高考的重中之重）。

【思想方法】通过研读历年考例，积累动词短语的用法。

考点例析：2011全国卷,34William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to .A.disappearB.fallC.failD.damage答案C考点考查动词的辨析。

解析disappear消失，不复存在；fall降落，跌倒，降低；fail (指健康)衰退, 衰弱；damage损害, 毁坏, 加害于。

句意为“William 发现阅读越来越困难了，因为他的视力开始衰退了。

”“increasingly difficult越来越困难”是个渐进的过程，故选C。

2011全国卷II,10Mary, I_____John of his promise to help you.A. toldB. remindedC. warnedD. advised答案B考点考查动词的辨析。

解析句意为“玛丽，我已经提醒约翰注意他帮助你的承诺了。

”remind… of…就…提醒(某人)，使(某人)想起…；warn含有警告的意思。

2011天津卷,6I a bank account after I made﹩1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.A.borrowedB.openedC.enteredD.ordered答案B考点考查动词的辨析。

解析句意为“暑假兼职打工挣了1000美元后，我在银行开了帐户。

”open a bank account 在银行开帐户。

2011江苏卷,28——Are you still mad at her?——Not really, but I can’t ______ that her remarks hurt me.A．deny B．refuse C．reject D．decline答案A考点考查动词的辨析。

核心考点六动词和动词短语——表达行为必不可少1．(2018·湖北，23)While intelligent people can often________the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.A．sacrifice B．substitute C．simplify D．survive解析考查动词辨析。

句意：聪明人经常会让复杂的问题简单化，而傻瓜更可能将简单的东西弄得更复杂。

答案 C2．(2018·福建，28)Old­fashioned phones matter when wireless networks ________ in disasters.A．turn down B．turn outC．break down D．break out解析考查动词短语辨析。

A项“调小，拒绝”；B项“结果证明……”；C项“出故障，分解”；D项“爆发”。

句意：当发生灾难无线络无法用的时候，老式的电话就有作用了。

故答案为C。

答案 C3．(2018·湖北，24)According to the law, all foreigners have to________with the local police within two weeks of arrival.A．associate B．dispute C．negotiate D．register解析考查动词辨析。

句意：按照法律规定，所有外来人员都得在到达两周后向当地警察登记。

答案 D4．(2018·江苏，23)—The town is so beautiful! I just love it.—Me too.The character of the town is well ________.A．qualified B．preservedC．decorated D．simplified解析考查动词辨析。