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英美文学考研真题试卷一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪部作品是威廉·莎士比亚的悲剧？A.《罗密欧与朱丽叶》B.《仲夏夜之梦》C.《威尼斯商人》D.《第十二夜》2. 以下哪位作家被称为“美国文学之父”？A. 爱德加·爱伦·坡B. 华盛顿·欧文C. 纳撒尼尔·霍桑D. 马克·吐温3. 以下哪部作品是查尔斯·狄更斯的代表作？A.《大卫·科波菲尔》B.《简·爱》C.《傲慢与偏见》D.《呼啸山庄》4. 以下哪位诗人被誉为“英国浪漫主义诗人”？A. 威廉·华兹华斯B. 约翰·弥尔顿C. 托马斯·哈代D. 罗伯特·弗罗斯特5. 以下哪部作品是乔治·奥威尔的反乌托邦小说？A.《1984》B.《动物农场》C.《美丽新世界》D.《我们》6. 以下哪位作家是现代主义文学的代表人物？A. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫B. 简·奥斯汀C. 奥斯卡·王尔德D. 乔治·艾略特7. 以下哪部作品是海明威的代表作？A.《老人与海》B.《了不起的盖茨比》C.《太阳照常升起》D.《永别了，武器》8. 以下哪部作品是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的代表作？A.《到灯塔去》B.《简·爱》C.《呼啸山庄》D.《傲慢与偏见》9. 以下哪位作家是后现代主义文学的代表人物？A. 托马斯·品钦B. 詹姆斯·乔伊斯C. 弗朗茨·卡夫卡D. 阿尔贝·加缪10. 以下哪部作品是简·奥斯汀的代表作？A.《理智与情感》B.《傲慢与偏见》C.《曼斯菲尔德庄园》D.《爱玛》二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述《了不起的盖茨比》中盖茨比的美国梦及其破灭的原因。
12. 分析《简·爱》中简·爱的性格特点及其对女性独立意识的影响。
英国概况练习题：1 B ritain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _____.A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power.A queenB monarchC prime ministerD king3 Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?A the Labor PartyB the Conservative PartyC the Liberal PartyD the Social Democratic Party4 On accepting ____, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.A Constitutional LawB The Declaration of IndependenceC Civil LawD Bill of Rights5 Females were allowed to vote in national elections until ____.A 1918B 1916C 1920D 18966 T he British North America Act of 1867 established ____ as a domain.A AustraliaB CanadaC New ZealandD India7 During World War II, as a war leader, _____ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.A Harold WilsonB Edward HeathC Franklin RooseveltD Winston Churchill8 T he Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _____.A FranceB New ZealandC ArgentinaD Australia9 I n Britain, a _____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.A civic electionB by-electionC popular electionD general election10 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _____.A the Lord ChancellorB the MonarchC the Prime MinisterD the King练习题答案及题解:1 D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。
文学体裁：诗歌poem，小说novel，戏剧dramaOrigin起源：Christianity 基督教→ bible 圣经Myth 神话The Romance of king Arthur and his knights 亚瑟王和他的骑士（笔记）一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法）例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)Canto 诗章1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。
英国文学知识点总结一、中古世纪时期和文艺复兴时期1.The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on theirway to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by ______. (2006)A.William LanglandB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. William ShakespeareD. AlfredTennyson2.______ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed intofourteen lines. (2006)A.Free verseB. sonnetC. odeD. epigram重要文学术语一句话定义：Ballad 民谣：Ballad is a story in poetic form to be sung or recited. It was handed down from generation to generation. 代表作：Robin HoodEpic 史诗：Epic, in poetry, refers to a long work dealing with the actions of gods and heroes. 代表作：BeowulfRenaissance 文艺复兴：It meant the reintroduction into Western Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.Humanism 人文主义：Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.Spenserian stanza 斯宾塞诗节：it refers to a stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter, the last line in iambic pentameter, rhyming ababbcbcc. 代表作：the Faerie QueeneSonnet 十四行诗: A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter. 代表人物：William Shakespeare重要人物和其代表作的一句话评价：Geoffrey Chaucer 乔叟：He is regarded as the father of modern English poetry. 英国诗歌之父代表作：Canterbury Tales: A collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims.Philip Sidney 菲利普锡尼：He stands for the spirit of the Elizabeth age. 伊莉莎白时代精神的代表代表作：Defense of Poetry, Arcadia.Edmund Spenser 斯宾塞：the poet s’ poet. He created Spenser Stanza. 诗人中的诗人，斯宾塞诗节的创作者。
1.the work that presented,for the first time in English literature,a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid character from all walks of life is Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. 在英国文学里提到的作品里，第一次全面逼真地刻画了中世纪英国社会，创造了一个来自各行各业的生动画面的作品是杰弗里·乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集。
2.Geoffrey Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry. 乔叟被视为英文诗歌之父，3.The verse form of heroic couplet was introduced into English poetry and employed in the poem with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature by Geoffrey Chaucer. 在英国文学史上，第一次在英文诗中引入英雄对联诗体，真正方便和体现了诗的魅力，是有乔叟开始的。
4.The Canterbury Tales presents a whole gallery of vivid characters,the team of pilgrims,people from all walks of life,including 31 members altogether. 坎特伯雷故事集呈现的是从各行各业的所有人的生动的人物形象，比如朝圣者的队伍，其中一共包括31名成员。
第一阶段:中古英国文学(8世纪——14世纪1. Which of the following does not belong to the works of Geoffrey Chaucer?A. The Canterbury T alesB. The Vision of Piers PlowmanC. Troilus and CriseydeD. The Romaunt of the Rose2. “_____” brings the readers into a world that be longs to the Celtic legend of King Arthur and his knights of the Round T able.A. The Vision of Piers PlowmanB. The House of FameC. The Romaunt of the RoseD. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight3. Which of the following is the translation work of Geoffrey Chaucer?A. The Canterbury T alesB. Troilus and CriseydeC. The Romaunt of the RoseD. The House of Fame4. In the 14th century, the most important writer is _____.A. LanglandB. WyclifC. GowerD. Chaucer5. In Anglo-Saxon period, “Beowulf” rep resented the _____ poetry.A. paganB. religiousC. romanticD. sentimental6. When we speak of the old English prose, we might think of _____, who is the first scholar in English literature and has been regarded as father of English learning.A. William ShakespeareB. BeowulfC. Julius CaesarD. Venerable Bede7. _____ is not only a prose writer but also a king of Wessex.A. Alfred the GreatB. Venerable BedeC. Adam BedeD. king Arthur8. _____ is the culmination of the Arthurian romance.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. The Story of BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury T ales9. William Langland’s “_____” is written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kublai KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. Morte d’Arthur10. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is the _____.A. FrenchB. LatinC. RomanceD. Science11. In which century were Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury T ales written?A. FourteenthB. FifteenthC. SixteenthD. Seventeenth12. William Langland wrote for _____.A. the royal familyB. the courtC. the monksD. the common people13. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight focuses on _____.A. immediate social issuesB. the real life as well as people’s feelings and desiresC. a remote world belongs to the Celtic Legend of King Arthur and his knightsD. the imagination of the future world14. King Alfred’s Anglo Saxon Chronicle was written in _____ form.A. poeticB. dramaticC. proseD. none of the above【答案及题解】1. B The Vision of Piers Plowman 是作家威廉·兰格伦的作品。
人文知识英美文学部分General knowledge--- English literatureⅠ.Old and Medieval English Literature(The end of the Roman Empire in 476AD to about 1500AD) English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon Settlement in England1.BeowulfThe national epic of the English people, a long poem of over 3,000 lines.2.Geoffrey Chaucer ---The founder of English poetryMasterpiece—The Canterbury Tales–one of the monumental works in English literature.Ⅱ. The English Renaissance (1516--1660)1.Thomas More(1478--1535)Masterpiece—Utopia2.Edmund Spenser (1552-1599)—the poet’s poetMasterpiece--- The Faerie Queen (1595)—it’s a long poem planned in 12 books of which he finished only 6.Other work: The Shepher d’s Calendar (1579)—a pastoral poem in 12 books one for each month of the year.3.Francis Bacon (1561-1626)Masterpiece—Advancement of Learning(1605)Essays(1625)His position in England: (1) A representative of the English Renaissance(2) The founder of English materialist philosophy (3) The founder of Modern Science in England (4) The first English essayistHis essays are the first example of that genre in Englishliterature, which has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English literature tradition.4.Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593)Masterpiece—Doctor FaustusHe first made blank verse the principal instrument of English drama5.William Shakespeare (1564-1616)Masterpiece—The Great Comedies (1)A Midsummer Night＇s Dream(2) The Merchant of Venice (3) As you Like It (4) Twelfth NightThe Great Tragedies (1) Hamlet(2) Othello (3) King Lear(4) MacbethOther works (1) Romeo and Juliet (romantic tragedy) (2) The Taming of the Shrew6. John Milton (1608-1674)Masterpiece: (1) Areopagitica (1644) 《论出版自由》-- His best known prose(2)Paradise Lost (1665)—an epic, the greatest of his works and the greatest English epic(3) Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》(1674)ⅢThe Neoclassical Period (1660-1798)1.John Bunyan (1628-1688)Masterpiece—The Pilgrim’s Prog ress (1678)2.Alexander Pope (1688-1744)—the greatest English poet of the classical school in the first half of the18th centuryMasterpiece—(1) Essay on Criticism (a poem with 744 lines)(2) The Rape of the Lock3. Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)Masterpiece—G ulliver’s Travels (1726)4. Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)Masterpiece—Robinson Crusoe (1719)5.Henry Fielding (1707-1754)—father of the English novelMasterpiece—Tom Jones (1749)His first novel —Joseph Andrews (1742)6. Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816)—the only important English dramatist of the 18th century Masterpiece—The school for ScandalThe first comedy—The Rivals (1775)6.Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)—A Dictionary of the English Language (1755)Ⅳ. Pre-Romanticism (the latter half of the 18th century)1.William Blake (1757-1827)Masterpiece— (1) Songs of Innocence (1789)(2) Songs of Experience(1794)2. Robert Burns (1759-1796)—an excellent native poet of ScotlandMasterpiece— (1) A Red, Red Rose (1794)(2) Auld Lang Syne / Old Long Ago (1788)—it has long become the universal parting-songof all the English-speaking peopleⅤ.The Romantic Period (1798-1832)1.William WordsworthMasterpiece—(1) Lyrical Ballads (1798)—in the preface to the Lyrical Ballads Wordsworth set forth his principles of poetry. The preface served as the manifesto of the English Romantic Movement in poetry.(2) I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud(3) My Heart Leaps up(4) We are Seven2. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeMasterpiece—(1)The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 《古舟子咏》(1798)(2) Kubla Khan (1797)3. George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)Masterpiece— Don Juan—a poetical dramaOther work—Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德哈罗德游记》4. Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)Masterpiece—Prometheus Unbound (1819)—a lyrical drama in 4 actsBest known poem—Ode to the West WindOther work—Ode to a Skylark5.John Keats (1795-1821)His long poems—(1) Endymion (1818)—以希腊神话为素材，牧人恩狄弥昂寻找月光女神的过程(2) Isabella (1819)His short poems—(1) Ode to a Nightingale—the best-known poem of Keats(2) To Autumn(3) Ode on a Grecian Urn《希腊古瓮颂》—a container in which a dead person’sashes are kept6. Charles Lamb (1775-1834)—essayistMasterpiece—(1) T ales from Shakespeare (1807)(2) Essays of Elia (1823) 《伊利亚论说文集》Ⅵ. The Realistic PeriodEnglish critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. It’s the main trend of the literary thoughts in the 19th century.1.Charles Dickens (1812-1870)Masterpiece —(1) David Copperfield (1849-1850)Other works— (2) Oliver Twist (1837-1838)(3)Hard Times(4) A Tale of Two Cities(5) Great Expectations2. William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863) Masterpiece —Vanity Fair3.Jane Austen (1775-1817)—femaleMasterpiece — (1) Sense and Sensibility (1811)(2) Pride and Prejudice (1813)(3) Mansfield Park (1814)(4) Emma(1816)4. Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855) —female Masterpiece —Jane Eyre (1847)5.Emily Bronte (1818-1848) —femaleMasterpiece —Wuthering Height s (1847)6.Elizabeth Gaskell (1810-1865) —female Masterpiece —(1)Mary Barton(2) Ruth7. George Eliot (1819-1880) —femaleMasterpiece —(1)Adam Bede(2)The Mill on the Floss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》(3)Middlemarch8. Robert Browning (1812-1889)Masterpiece —(1)Men and Women –collections of poems(2)The Ring and the Book(3) Home-Thoughts from Abroad9. Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892)Masterpiece —(1) In Memoriam(2) The PrincessRobert Browning and Alfred Tennyson 是维多利亚时期最著名的两位诗人。
英美文学史考试试题一、选择题（每题 3 分，共 30 分）1、以下哪部作品是英国浪漫主义诗人威廉·华兹华斯的代表作？（）A 《唐璜》B 《抒情歌谣集》C 《恰尔德·哈洛尔德游记》D 《西风颂》2、美国作家海明威的作品常常体现出“冰山理论”，以下哪部作品最能体现这一理论？（）A 《永别了，武器》B 《老人与海》C 《太阳照样升起》D 《丧钟为谁而鸣》3、英国作家简·奥斯汀的小说以细腻的人物刻画和对婚姻爱情的探讨著称，她的哪部作品被多次改编成电影？（）A 《爱玛》B 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》C 《傲慢与偏见》D 《理智与情感》4、以下哪一位是美国浪漫主义时期的重要作家？（）A 马克·吐温B 爱伦·坡C 惠特曼D 以上都是5、英国诗人 TS艾略特的《荒原》属于哪种文学流派？（）A 象征主义B 表现主义C 意识流D 荒诞派6、以下哪部作品是英国批判现实主义作家狄更斯的代表作？（）A 《大卫·科波菲尔》B 《呼啸山庄》C 《简·爱》D 《名利场》7、美国作家福克纳的作品多以南方为背景，他的哪部作品讲述了一个家族的兴衰？（）A 《喧哗与骚动》B 《我弥留之际》C 《押沙龙，押沙龙！》D 以上都是8、英国诗人约翰·弥尔顿的哪部作品取材于《圣经》？（）A 《失乐园》B 《复乐园》C 《力士参孙》D 以上都是9、以下哪一位是美国现代主义作家？（）A 菲茨杰拉德B 德莱塞C 斯坦贝克D 以上都是10、英国女作家勃朗特姐妹的作品包括（）A 《简·爱》和《呼啸山庄》B 《爱玛》和《傲慢与偏见》C 《理智与情感》和《曼斯菲尔德庄园》D 《名利场》和《大卫·科波菲尔》二、简答题（每题 10 分，共 30 分）1、请简要分析莎士比亚悲剧作品的艺术特色。
2、简述美国文学中“黑色幽默”的特点。
3、比较英国浪漫主义文学和美国浪漫主义文学的异同。
英美文学考试题目及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 英国文学史上被称为“英国诗歌之父”的诗人是：A. 乔叟B. 莎士比亚C. 弥尔顿D. 拜伦答案：A2. 下列哪部作品不是简·奥斯汀的小说？A. 《傲慢与偏见》B. 《理智与情感》C. 《简·爱》D. 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》答案：C3. 美国文学中，被誉为“美国文学之父”的作家是：A. 爱伦·坡B. 马克·吐温C. 华盛顿·欧文D. 亨利·詹姆斯答案：C4. 以下哪位作家是现代主义文学的代表人物？A. 狄更斯B. 哈代C. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫D. 简·奥斯汀答案：C5. 美国文学中的“迷惘的一代”是指：A. 第一次世界大战后的作家群体B. 第二次世界大战后的作家群体C. 独立战争后的作家群体D. 内战后的作家群体答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）1. 威廉·莎士比亚的四大悲剧包括《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和________。
答案：《麦克白》2. 《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家________创作的一部以20世纪20年代的纽约为背景的小说。
答案：F·司各特·菲茨杰拉德3. 英国浪漫主义诗人威廉·华兹华斯与________共同发起了浪漫主义诗歌运动。
答案：塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治4. 美国诗人沃尔特·惠特曼的代表作是________，它被认为是美国文学史上的里程碑。
答案：《草叶集》5. 英国现代主义诗人T.S.艾略特的代表作《荒原》是一首________诗。
答案：长三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 简述乔治·奥威尔的《1984》中“老大哥”的象征意义。
答案：在《1984》中，“老大哥”象征着极权主义政权的无所不在和无所不知，代表了对个人自由和思想的全面控制。
他的形象无处不在，监视着社会的每一个角落，象征着对个人隐私的侵犯和对思想自由的压制。
英国概况练习题：1 Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _____.A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power.A queenB monarchC prime ministerD king3 Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?A the Labor PartyB the Conservative PartyC the Liberal PartyD the Social Democratic Party4 On accepting ____, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.A Constitutional LawB The Declaration of IndependenceC Civil LawD Bill of Rights5 Females were allowed to vote in national elections until ____.A 1918B 1916C 1920D 18966 The British North America Act of 1867 established ____ as a domain.A AustraliaB CanadaC New ZealandD India7 During World War II, as a war leader, _____ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.A Harold WilsonB Edward HeathC Franklin RooseveltD Winston Churchill8 The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _____.A FranceB New ZealandC ArgentinaD Australia9 In Britain, a _____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.A civic electionB by-electionC popular electionD general election10 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _____.A the Lord ChancellorB the MonarchC the Prime MinisterD the King练习题答案及题解:1 D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。
但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。
2 B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。
3 A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。
大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。
4 D, 《权利法案》的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力并受制于议会的时代。
5 A, 直到1918年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。
6 B, 《1867年英国北美法案》将加拿大纳为它的自治领。
7 D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。
8 C, 福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。
位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。
9 B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。
10 C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。
英国概况练习题：1 How many members are there in the House of Commons?A 650B 524C 72D 6512 Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister?A Margaret ThatcherB Winston ChurchillC Horatio NelsonD John Major3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.A Prime MinisterB Member of ParliamentC Lord of appealD Speaker of the House4 The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today.A the Labour PartyB the Conservative PartyC the Liberal PartyD the Social Democratic Party5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.A largestB second largestC third largestD fourth largest6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decline.A politicalB educationalC militaryD economic7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____.A globalizationB nationalizationC privatizationD competition8 Today, in Britain, ______ is called a “sick” industry.A coal miningB iron and steelC textilesD shipbuilding9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in 1765. A Abraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe10 _____ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.A The Chartist MovementB The Industrial RevolutionC The French RevolutionD The Glorious Revolution练习题答案及题解:1 D, 下议院共有651名议员。
2 C, 撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相；而纳尔逊（1758-1805），英国海军统帅，因作战负伤，右眼失明，失去右臂。
后任地中海舰队司令，在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队，本人受重伤阵亡，号称Viscount Nelson。
3 A, 在英国，按照传统，多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相，首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。
4 B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。
5 B, 在英国，在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党，它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁（shadow cabinet）。
6 D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。
7 C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样，20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。
包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。
8 A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。
英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点，如今的英国的煤矿业衰退，从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。
9 B, 第一台蒸汽机是Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的，后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高，生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。
10 B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。
后来形成了工会制度。
英国概况练习题：1 _____ is the key to Industrial Revolution.A IronB Cotton TextileC Coal miningD Steam engine2 _____ became a literary current during the period of the successful Industrial Revolution.A CriticismB ModernismC RomanticismD Renaissance3 Modern football game began in _____.A ChinaB FranceC EnglandD Germany4 _____ is the leader of the British government.A Prime MinisterB QueenC PresidentD Governor5 The second largest city in England, _____ , is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city.A EdinburghB BelfastC GlasgowD Birmingham6 _____ introduced Christianity into Britain.A The CeltsB The RomansC The Viking DanesD The French7 The real power of the British government lies in _____.A the House of CommonsB the cabinet headed by the Prime MinisterC the Prime MinisterD the Queen8 In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of _____ to _____.A 5, 14B 6, 17C 5, 16D 6, 149 The longest river in Britain is _____ , and the largest river in the USA is _____.A the Seven River; the Missouri RiverB the Thames River; the Missouri RiverC the Severn River; the MississippiD the Thames River; the Ohio River10 The general election in Britain is held every ____ years.A fourB threeC sixD five练习题答案及题解:1 B, 纺织业的改革是英国工业革命的主要成就之一。
