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文学评论·现当代文学中西文化下女性婚恋观异同浅探——斯嘉丽与姚木兰的对比研究郝金锡 山东大学（威海）翻译学院摘 要：作为《飘》和《京华烟云》中的女主角，斯嘉丽与姚木兰有许多共同点：战争连绵的时代、富裕殷实的家庭、坚定虔诚的信仰甚至包括婚姻经历——都嫁给了自己不爱的人。
但相似的背景和经历下两人却有着截然不同的命运，导致这一差异的重要原因便是中西文化的不同：姚木兰是“道家的女儿”、“儒家的媳妇”；而斯佳丽任性反叛、不囿于世俗局限，则体现了西方文化精神。
本文将从中西文化异同的视角分析斯嘉丽与姚木兰婚恋观的异同，探究文化背景对女性婚恋观造成的影响。
关键词：斯嘉丽；姚木兰；中西文化；女性婚恋观作者简介：郝金锡（1996-），女，汉族，河北省邢台市人，山东大学（威海）翻译学院翻译专业在读本科生。
[中图分类号]：I206 [文献标识码]：A[文章编号]：1002-2139(2017)-17-058-01一、作品简介与人物概述（一）《飘》与斯嘉丽《飘》是玛格丽特•米切尔唯一的长篇小说，以美国南北战争和战后重建时期为背景[1]，讲述了女主人公斯嘉丽不屈不挠、与命运抗争的故事。
作者玛格丽特的兄长和未婚夫都死于战火，深知生死离别之痛的她将这份强烈的情感赋予了她笔下的斯嘉丽，这便有了斯嘉丽对艾希礼疯狂的追逐。
斯嘉丽一生三次婚姻、两度守寡，她曾因冲动结婚、为生存结婚，她不顾世俗反对，张扬不羁、坚强反叛，是19世纪美国不折不扣的乱世佳人。
作者对斯嘉丽的细致刻画，使斯嘉丽成为美国小说中最饱满的女性形象之一。
（二）《京华烟云》与姚木兰《京华烟云》是林语堂用英文写就的长篇小说，讲述了北平曾、姚、牛三大家族从1901年义和团运动到抗日战争三十多年间的悲欢离合和恩怨情仇。
姚木兰作为女主角，是传统中式儒道家庭熏陶下的典型女性，是“道家的女儿”、“儒家的媳妇”。
即使同孔立夫在一起才能体会到爱情的甜蜜，她依然遵从父母之命，嫁给了门当户对的曾荪亚。
万方数据《傲慢与偏见》和《简爱》中婚姻观之比较作者：易文琴作者单位：安徽财经大学外国语学院,安徽,蚌埠,233030刊名：北方文学(下半月)英文刊名：NORTHERN LITERATURE年，卷(期)：2010，""(5)被引用次数：0次1.简·奥斯丁.《傲慢与偏见》(上海译文出版社,1991)2.《英国文学选读》Selected Readings in British Literature(第二版)(王守仁主编,高等教育出版社,2005年).3.江凤;论《傲慢与偏见》中奥斯丁的婚姻观;渝西学院学报(社会科学版);2005年04期4.英语大学网站1.期刊论文高德新《简·爱》与《傲慢与偏见》中两个叛逆女性角色之比较-电影文学2007,""(18)《简·爱》中的简爱和《傲慢与偏见》中的伊莉莎白是文学史上两个杰出的女性角色,她们有许多相似的优秀品质也有不同的缺点.本文首先分析两部作品作者夏洛蒂.勃朗特与简·奧斯汀的社会背景,探索两个女性角色产生的社会根源, 同时指出两位作者创作的共性--女权主义色彩;文章然后详细地阐述了两个女性角色的相似处与不同点.2.期刊论文王婷婷.WANG Ting-ting伊丽莎白与简爱的比较-南通职业大学学报（综合版）2005,19(3)伊丽莎白和简爱分别是简·奥斯丁的<傲慢与偏见>和夏洛蒂·勃朗特的<简爱>中的女主人公.虽然这两部小说都属于"灰姑娘"的模式,两位女主人公历经曲折最终都找到了美满的归宿,但由于身世和家庭背景的差异,她们的性格和婚恋观也存在着不同.3.学位论文朱莉莉《傲慢与偏见》与《简爱》之女主人公的比较研究——从女权主义角度出发2008简·奥斯汀和夏洛蒂·勃朗特是十九世纪英国杰出的女作家，她们各自的代表作《傲慢与偏见》和《简·爱》自出版以来受到读者和文学评论者的广泛关注和欢迎。
摘要《乱世佳人》和《倾城之恋》分别由玛格丽特·米切尔和张爱玲完成的关于对女性角色的探讨的作品，斯嘉丽和白流苏具有相似的经历，这些经历受战争影响，家庭因素影响，社会观念影响以及她们自身性格所影响。
众多学者将注意力放在了两部作品的女性意识上面，而且将两部作品的女主角放在一起对比分析的文章也是少之又少。
所以笔者采取了一个新的视角来对比分析斯嘉丽和白流苏婚姻观，引入拉康的凝视理论中的镜像理论，探讨女主角婚姻观的相似之处和不同之处。
关键词：斯嘉丽；镜像理论；凝视理论；婚姻观AbstractGone with the Wind and Love in a Fallen City are written by Margaret Mitchell and Zhang Ailing respectively. When it comes to female characters in these two works, Scarlet and Bai Liusu have similar experiences, which are affected by war, by family, by social concepts and by their own personalities. Many scholars have paid a lot of attention to heroines’ female consciousness of the two works. There are few articles which are comparatively analyzing the heroines of the two works. A new perspective is adopted to analyze Scarlet and Bai Liusui’s views of marriage and Lacan’s mirror theory in the gaze theory is also introduced to explore the similarities and differences of the heroine's views of marriage.Key words：Scarlet; The Mirror Theory; The Gaze Theory; View of MarriageIntroductionIn the world, American civil war has always been a hot topic and Margaret’s masterpiece Gone with the Wind is highly praised and popular. In China, the war of aggression against China is also unforgettable and Zhang Ailing’s Love in a Fallen City is very thought-provoking and well-known. Some people may notice a lot of similarities between these two works such as same war time, family factors and personalities about heroines but many of them pay little attention to the analysis of heroines’ view of marriage in Gone with the Wind and Love in a Fallen City. Here, my attention is paid on the analysis of love and marriage in the gaze theory. Due to their similar rebellion, their choices about marriage have something in common. Mirror theory which is contained in the gaze theory can be of good use in the interpretation and comparison of heroines’ value of marriage.1.Literature ReviewThe main focus of this passage is the analysis of Bai Liusu and Scarlet’s view of marriage with the use of the mirror theory in the gaze theory. So literature review is divided into four parts, the image of women, the image of family, the mirror theory and the gaze theory and view of marriage. The reason why choose the image of women and family is that the construction of characters are linked with the influence of family. Then, mirror theory and gaze theory is introduced. The last part is to discuss about the view of marriage. Besides, Gone with the Wind and Love in a Fallen City, Pride and Prejudice is also chosen.1.1The Image of WomenChen Jie (2017) makes a comparative analysis of two heroines. In order to take care of their own life and family, as declining aristocrats in the war time, they need to exchange their marriage with money. Based on that specific time, Huang Jingyi (2018) points that clock, huqin are just the representatives of Bai mansion. Zeng Yong (2017) puts forward that Bai Liusu curves to her fate to get married for money and she can not get rid of her servility in men-dominant period. Zheng Shufang (2018) pays attention to female awareness about Scarlet. She has bravery and firmness. Besides, Zhang Shaohua (2014) adds selfishness about Scarlet. This is one reason about her tragedy. In addition, the marriage between Liusu and Fan Liuyuan is also full of tragedy because both of them are selfish and do not easily trust other people.Zhou Yali(2015) and Ren Xiaojun(2015) make a description of the life of Yao Mulan. For the interest of her family, she gives up her happiness and marries to someone she does not love . It’s still a tragic story. As a conventional Chinese woman, she is taught with the concept, that is, the family’s interest means everything. To someextent, Scarlet is like Bai Liusu and Yao Mulan because they are brave enough to sacrifice themselves to defend their homes in the same condition.1.2 The Image of familyIn Moment in Peking, Gone with the Wind, Love in a Fallen City, Bai mansion,Yao mansion and Tara have an important influence on the development of heroines. Although Bai and Yao families do not belong to real manor typically, they have some characteristics of manor. Wang Jieli (2014), Zhou Yali (2015) and Ren Xiaojun (2015) all together analyze the image of Yao and Bai families. It is the collision period between Chinese traditional culture and western culture. In the period of war, they make different choices in different environments, Wang Jieli (2014) puts forward three opinions about Love in a Fallen City. Firstly, it’s the marriage of Bai Liusu’s influence on Bai family. After divorce Bai Liusu’s family treat her badly without any concern for her. Then, she meets Fan Liuyuan and falls in love with him. Lastly, she ties the knot with Fan Liuyuan.Likewise, Tara plays a significant role in the construction of Scarlet’s personality. Liang Jielin (2018)states three meanings of Tara. Tara is the meaning of searching for eternal land. In this time, Tara is the life tower which is worth fighting for and working for and sacrificing. Tara is the meaning of missing for homeland. When Scarlet is out of home, she is so vulnerable that she wants to come back home at once. Besides, Tara is her source of happiness and security. She misses Tara a lot even though she is married to Rhett and leads a luxury life. The third meaning of Tara is her spiritual land. She can do everything for Tara. In order to save Tara, she plants cotton, milk cows. She marries her sister’s lover to save Tara and even seeks help from Rhett. Lu Xipei (1995) also suggests that author feels pitiful for the culture of south plantation. In the meanwhile, there exists modernism in Gone with the Wind. American civil war is unavoidable in the transition from the old culture to the new culture.1.3The Gaze TheoryLiu Wen (2006)points that desire is a kind of self-obsession and he makes connections between self-awareness and self-alienation. It’s acknowledged that identity is constructed on self-awareness but it’s also based on self-alienation. Zhang Hong (2019) indicates gazing is from desire. Desire too much leads to self-destruction. Shao Wenshuo (2011) also elaborates the links between the construction of identity and other. Besides, he puts forward that the foundation of mirror theory is from Freud’s unawareness and Saussure’s linguistic theory. Liu Xingliang (2018) finds that lacan’s gaze theory exists three defects, that is, signified and signifier, transformation between the imaginary, the symbolic, the real, subject and object. In the meantime, Wu Qiong (2019) indicates that the gaze of the imaginary, the symbolic, the real is on the basis of paternal order. Cai Shengqing (2019) uses the gaze theory to analyze the image of Scarlet, women marginalization, the role anti-males and reconstruction ofwomen friendship in the film Gone with the Wind. The male gaze and the female gaze represent the women’s liberation of personality facing with the hardship and frustration. The cooperation between women will encourage women to break the male gaze and become themselves.1.4View of MarriageYu Lijing (2010) and Zhang Shaohua (2016) both analyse view of marriage of heroines in Pride and Prejudice. Yu Lijing (2010) makes a question about the importance of love and marriage. Through her explanation about love and money, love adds money is equal to good marriage. Besides, Zhang Shaohua (2016) makes an analysis about four kinds of marriages, that is, pure and attractive marriage, materialistic marriage, goal-oriented marriage, perfect marriage. In the meantime, Zhang Shaohua (2017) points out the cause of Scarlet’s love tragedy because she is obsessed about imaginary love and she does not know what is real love and she is crazy about money. Yan Ke (2016) makes good explanation about five modes of marriages about Zhang Ailing’s works. The first marriage is that marriage is the only road for women to choose. Bai Liusu is a representative example and she has no money to pay the costs of her life so she must need to find a man to become his wife. The second one is the mismatch between love and marriage. The third one is the isolation between love and marriage. The fourth one is money-oriented marriage. The last one is depressing love and marriage.2.The Gaze TheoryThrough the discussion about heroines, theory and view of marriage, the gaze theory will be paid attention to two questions, that is, self-dream and dream-self, me and other.2.1Self-dream and Dream-selfLacan’s gaze theory is divided into three phases, the imaginary, the real and the symbolic. At first, people need to realize themselves and find the true themselves. In their life, they have a lot of dreams and desires. For example, Scarlet has her own love dream so she always thinks she loves Ashley and hates Rhett. It turns out to be wrong. After Melanie’s death, she figures out Melanie’s importance on her and her true love is Rhett. The reason why people cannot find what they like is because there is a transition from self-dream to dream-self during this time.In the period of self-dream, people would rather look for things that do not belong to themselves than cherish what they already have. Scarlet does not have Ashley’ love so she has dissatisfaction. This dissatisfaction from him misleads her not finishing dream-self. In the dream-self period, people will know what they really care about and love after so many troubles and difficulties have happened. At last, Scarletknows her true love Rhett and find the dream-self.2.2Me and OtherIn Lacan’s gaze theory, our existence is from other people’s gazing. On the contrary, we can exist because we can be seen by other people from every point. Besides, this gazing contains a kind of desire. For example, in male-dominant society, women are so used to others’ gazing that they themselves can’t realize this gazing. In anther perspective, gazing is not just a simple seeing but also are some traditional norms and rules which are designed for women. Women need to realize the harm of gazing and anti-gaze about these kinds of gazing.Gazing on women exists in every people, anytime and everywhere. Gazing can be ridiculing, abusing and petting from people from past to future in the worldwide. Gazing is also visible and invisible. Some words or sentences can be heard or seen by people but some norms and rules can not be heard or seen by people which shackle people’s freedom in their minds and bodies. Take Bai Liusu for example, she will be criticized and abused by her brothers and sisters-in-law when she dances with Fan Liuyuan. This is gazing from people. When she gets divorced with her first husband and wants to get Fan Liuyuan, somebody will think she is the kind of women who is no longer pure and overreaching herself. This is gazing from society.3.Mirror-image TheoryMirror-image theory is the extension of the gaze theory. Lacan elaborates his mirror-image theory into three parts, pre-mirror phase, mirror phase and post-mirror phase. In the pre-mirror phase, a baby can’t realize himself in front of a mirror and he is unaware of his existence. When he sees a person in the mirror, he thinks it’s not him and other people. In mirror phase, this baby realizes himself and tends to look at the mirror for many times. He will have his awareness. In post-mirror phase, language is introduced into this area so that this baby realizes not only his existence but also others’ existence. He likes to pronounce some words or sentences from his mouth for food or other desires.In Lacan’s opinion, mirror theory is just interpreted in baby’s area. In my view, mirror theory can be extended into society. Everything in the world cannot be separated. Although different time and space, there may exists two similar places or people or civilizations to be found out their connections and relations in Gone with the Wind and Love in a Fallen City.3.1Place3.1.1Shanghai and GeorgiaTo some extent, Shanghai looks like Georgia and both of them are epitomes of traditional Chinese and American south civilizations. In the same war time, shanghaiis facing with the impact of western and materialistic cultures and Georgia is facing with the impact of north industrialization so both places are experiencing throes and convulsions. These two cities are equipped with same situation and perplexity. The difficulties are how to get rid of the influence of western bourgeoisie and north industrialization.3.1.2Hongkong and AtlantaHongkong and Atlanta are just like twin brothers in a mirror. Hongkong has become a prosperous city with good infrastructure, economy and society which is full of westerners, easterners going on trade. In the meanwhile, Atlanta is undergoing many changes, many of houses are built for war so trees have been cut down to build houses. Both places are shouldering changes and hopes.3.2People3.2.1Bai Liusu and ScarletBai Liusu and Scarlet look like twin sisters in a mirror because they are beautiful, brave, responsible, materialistic, good at masking and self-centered. They know how to utilize their beauty to get whatever they want. Besides, they also have similar personalities so they have similar marriage experiences such as getting married, getting divorced and getting married again. The choices they have made and why they make are important points to be talked about.3.2.2Fan Liuyuan and RhettFan Liuyuan and Rhett look like twin brothers in a mirror because they have so many personalities in common because they are selfish, materialistic, polygamous and fragile. Although both of them have enough money in their hands. it’s hard for them to trust others. Lack of security in love, they want to find true love and are afraid of admitting loving heroines. It’s just a paradox because they are fragile and need other people’s true love.3.3Two Kinds of CivilizationsIt’s acknowledged that advancement must defeat backwardness. In Love in a Fallen City, it’s about two different regimes’collision, traditional Chinese absolute monarchy and western constitutional monarchy. Bai mansion represents traditional Chinese civilization so the collapse of Bai mansion is the failure of under-developed agricultural culture. In Gone with the Wind, it’s about the collision of two kinds of cultures, the new industrial culture and the old agriculture. Before the war, Tara is the symbol of south plantation. After the war, the collapse of Tara is the failure of south agricultural culture. The truth is that industrial culture must defeat agricultural culture.3.4Love and MarriageThere are three phrases about heroines’ changes. Born in a aristocrats in decline, Liusu need to exchange her beauty with money out of life. Born in a south plantation family, Scarlet is so vain, arrogant and selfish, self-centred and narcissistic that she feels everyone should love her and she can control everything with her beauty. During the war, Liusu finds the values and love of life. Scarlet experiences many things which makes her a new woman. After that, Liusu comes back home to start a new life with Liuyuan. Scarlet realizes the importance of money and power and her true love.4.Gaze and Anti-gazeIn the mirror theory, many symbols are compared in these two works such as place, people, civilizations, love and marriage. Then, from a new perspective, gaze and anti-gaze of heroines are going to be talked about.4.1Gaze4.1.1L ower one’s HeadsLiusu is good at lowering her heads which makes her more attractive and charming in Liuyuan’s mind. This is a classic kind of men gazing. The feudal Confucian ideas of complying and virtues are still corrupting women’s souls because this ideas demand women obedience and deference. Though Liusu struggles to break traditional norms’ shackles, it turnes out that she is also the product of old society. She needs to accept other men’s gazing and behaves as a good lady so that it can add up to her capital and possibility to win this love game.4.1.2Raise one’s HeadsDifferent from Liusu, Scarlet is good at raising her heads. It’s the same reason as Liusu’s. Wherever in old China or in confederate states, it’s known that women should submit to men’s orders and instructions. Scarlet knows her advantages so she is able to tempt men with weakness. Men are apt to like this foolish, empty and obedient girls. She raises her heads and looks at men with worship. Because of this special reason and little tricks and games, she is always popular surrounded by men.4.1.3MistressWhen Scarlet gets into trouble, she chooses to tempt Rhett to ask her to marry him but Rhett finds out the truth. She needs to pay for Tara’s rent. Undoubtedly, she forgets her identity and loses herself and succumbs to men’s power and gazing. It turnes out that she meets with her sister’ fiance and avoids the fate of being a mistress.Bai Liusu does not have enough good luck as her. As Fan hesitates to reveal his feelings, Liusu fails to make him make a proposal. When she decides to go back Hongkong the second time, she has known what is going to happen in her mind. Before marriage, she becomes his mistress. She accepts her incompetence, fate andmale gazing. The sentence is fixed in her mind, she does not read any books, do any hard or dirty work.4.2Anti-gaze4.2.1. First DanceScarlet and Bai Liusu are rebellious women of their time because they dare to be different women. Taking scarlet for an example, since her first husband has just died of illness, she is not allowed to dance at the party and she should appear as a lady who is unwilling to talk to people or even to dance with others.However, Scarlet makes objection to this traditional gender roles and norms in the society. When Rhett Butler sends her an invitation at the parties, Scarlet accepts without any hesitation. She even dances with him for many times so that other people are very surprised about this scene.In the meanwhile, Liusu is also a widow after her first husband’s death and Fan Liuyuan is her sister’s partner of a blind date. In old China, it’s universally acknowledged that ladies are unable to dance at the parties and whores are just the opposite. Liusu dares to seize this opportunity to which is proved that she is different from the women in her time. Although she is so brave that she dances with him three times, she suffers from her sister-in-law’s abuse after going home. Otherwise, she is unable to survive at her home so she needs to grab Fan Liuyuan’s attention to become his wife.4.2.2 Self-saveTraditional women will wait for men’s saving them from the suffering when they have trouble. However, Bai Liusu in Love in a Fallen City and Scarlet in Gone with the Wind try to do something unusual to self-save. They don’t believe in fate theory and make the first move. Successfully, Liusu wins the game and gets married with Liuyuan. As a legal wife, she has money, status, respect because she gets everyone’s eyeing up man. Scarlet can’t survive at the Tara and everyone is worrying over the rent. She struggles to come up with many ideas and saves Tara and people. 4.2.3 divorce and marriageWomen in that time will always obey their husbands’order but Bai Liusu and Scarlet get married, get divorced and get married again. Bai Liusu gets married twice. The first marriage is just the trade of money. Money is still the main factor in the second marriage. Scarlet gets married three times. The first one is out of envy and jealousy. The second one is to save Tara. The last one is still money trade.5.Love and MarriageAfter the comparison between the symbols in Gone with the Wind and Love in a Fallen City in the mirror theory, different factors lead to heroines’ choices of marriage. People will always struggle in love and marriage in the transition of self-dream and dream-self when they are facing with different kinds of gazing. Three factors play an important role in people’s marriage.5.1LoveLove is the necessary prerequisite of marriage. Through the ages, it’s universally acknowledged that everyone should get married when they grow up. The reasons why men are ought to marrying women need to be figured out. Scarlet gets married for three times and Bai Liusu twice.Because of jealousy, Scarlet is married to Charles. The second time she is searching for payment of Tara’s rent. Finally, she finds her true love Rhett but she does not realize her feeling and thinks about his money. The intention of Scarlet’s every marriage is not love but other reasons which is her beginning of her marriage’s tragedy. In the gaze theory, She believes that Ashley is a fictional object, a person who is a perfect person in her heart.After her best friend Melanie’s death, she just knows the reason why she is so crazy about Ashley. He is just the one who is never surrounded by her and makes a proposal to her. In her view, he is unattainable and elegant and different from the men around her. From this perspective, she gets used to Rhett’s company, care and love.In addition, Bai Liusu gets married with her first husband Mr.Tang owing to his money and her family. China is just an era of transition from the old to the new. Both of her marriage is related to money. It turns out to be tragic. She becomes Fan Liuyuan’s wife but loses his heart in the end.5.2EqualityEquality is also an important reason about marriage. Not only in the spiritual aspect but also in the material aspect should be equal. Undoubtedly, spirit is more vital than material. Women and men should be equal in world outlooks, interests,conversation and status. World outlooks are divided into three parts, view of world, view of life and view of value. The three of views are the framework of spiritual marriage. Based on that, two people may have a good beginning of marriage.Scarlet is the same person as Rhett so they are on the right track. So same as Bai Liusu. A good beginning is the half success. Then, Scarlet and Rhett have a lot of things in common such as their feelings and thinking about some events or people.Bai Liusu and Fan Liuyuan are both selfish people. Same personalities lead to their marriage. Scarlet is selfish, money-driven and arrogant women. Rhett has similar soul as her. Out of the same desire for money, this contributes to their marriage.In a materialistic aspect, Bai Liusu must depend on Fan Liuyuan’s money. They are not equal on the subject of economic status. Fan Liuyuan can live without Bai Liusu but Bai cannot live with Fan. In the end of Love in a Fallen City, Bai Liusu becomes his wife and his family member but he never talks with her in a sweet manner. On the contrary, Scarlet is the daughter of plantation owner and Rhett has the similar background as her so they has same economic status which does not cause any misunderstandings between them.5.3IndependenceIndependence is another leading factor of marriage. Women and men should be independent in their mind and income. At all ages, men have more advantages than women because they have more time and freedom to do many things.Before marriage, they can study hard, travel around the world and accomplish their dreams. Women don’t need to read books or have many thinking. The most important thing for women is that they should grasp skills about tempting men to get married with them. As the economic base determines the superstructure, men usually have the speaking power and they can oppress women.Liusu gets divorced in her first marriage but she is easiy trustful and lends her brother money. When she does not have husbands and she wants to depend on her brother. She needs security that is becoming his legal wife. Scarlet knows the importance of money after experiencing many terrible things. During her second marriage, she has a sawing mill and squeezes the poor prisoner and makes a big fortune so she can select which person to be married with.ConclusionScarlet and Bai Liusu are not in the same time and place but both of them have something in common, that is rebellion. They dare to challenge men’s power and break male gaze and even anti-gaze which is well worth learning and thinking. Finally, they know how to use their advantages and power to seek for cooperation and self-salvation. When it comes to the view of marriage, love is the foundation of the marriage and then equality is like marriage’s balance beam with the aid of independence. These are three leading factors contributing to a happy and steady marriage.Bibliography[1]张翘楚. 从被凝视到反抗：西方视觉艺术史中的女性形象研究[D].黑龙江大学,2018.[2]黄竞谊.《倾城之恋》中白流苏的人物形象分析[J].汉字文化,2018(01):60-61.[3]卢志娟.中西文化的对决与西方现代文明的“倾覆”——新解《倾城之恋》[J].阴山学刊,2017,30(05):35-40+44+2.[4]张韶华.《飘》中人物的爱情婚姻观[J].黑河学院学报,2017,8(06):173-174.[5]张云岗,陈志新.从女权主义视角解读小说《乱世佳人》中的两性关系[J].石家庄铁道大学学报(社会科学版),2017,11(01):35-39.[6]刘明明. 从被看到反抗：凝视理论中“他者”的流变[D].华中师范大学,2016.[7]闫坷.谈张爱玲小说的婚姻观与爱情观[J].新余学院学报,2016,21(02):101-103.[8]甄珍.中西爱情婚姻观之比较——来自《倾城之恋》与《乱世佳人》的分析[J].广西教育学院学报,2016(02):96-97+102.[9]周亚莉,任晓军.铿锵玫瑰,乱世佳人——姚木兰和斯佳丽人物形象比较研究[J].海外英语,2015(23):195-196+203.[10]王杰立.从二元对立看结构主义批评方法——以《倾城之恋》为例[J].美与时代(下),2014(09):97-100.[11]张韶华.电影《乱世佳人》中郝思嘉形象解读[J].电影文学,2014(09):131-132.[12]陈婕.乱世佳人——《倾城之恋》与《飘》中女主人公的对比[J].剑南文学(经典教苑),2013(02):71.[13]刘婷婷. 中西文化背景下的婚姻观对比分析[D].苏州大学,2012.[14]于丽锦.《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版),2010,12(03):294-296.[15]王彩云.女性镜像——以张艺谋早期的影片为例看中国电影对女性身份的塑造[J].南方论刊,2009(10):87-88.[16]曾勇.东西方女性婚姻爱情叙事比较——张爱玲《倾城之恋》和玛格丽特·米切尔《飘》[J].名作欣赏,2007(22):122-125.Arbuthnot，L．Seneca，G．Pre －text and text in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes［A］∥In P．Erens ( Ed．) ，Issues in Feminist Film Criticism［C］．Bloomington，IN: Indiana University Press，1990:112 －125．Brenda Cooper．“Chick Flicks”as Feminist Texts: The Appropriation of the Male Gaze in Thelma ＆Louise［J］．Women’s Studies in Communication，2005( 3) :277 －306．Chodorow，N．The reproduction of mothering［M］．Berkeley: University of California Press，1978．Tannen，D．You j ust don’t understand: Women and men in conversation［M］．New York: William Morrow，1990．Man，G．Gender，genre，and myth in Thelma and Louise［J］．Film Criticism，1993( 36) :36 －53．。
浅析简爱的爱情婚姻观第一篇：浅析简爱的爱情婚姻观浅析简·爱的爱情婚姻观内容摘要：《简·爱》是英国乃至世界文学宝库中的一颗璀璨的明珠。
小说不仅塑造了独立自尊，勇于反抗的新女性形象，更为重要的是表现了简·爱的爱情婚姻观念，简·爱的爱情观更显高尚纯洁，丝毫不虚假做作。
她追求以平等为前提，以爱情为基础的婚姻观念。
关键词：《简·爱》爱情观婚姻观《简·爱》是十九世纪英国女作家夏洛蒂(1816一1855)的代表作，它是英国文学宝库中一颗璀璨的明珠，也是世界文坛史上一部脍炙人口的传世佳作。
小说通过女主人公简·爱坎坷的一生，尤其是她在爱情上的悲欢离合，表现了一种新的爱情观，一种新的道德理想。
她一反当时重金钱，重地位的婚姻，也反对以功利为目的的婚姻，她追求以平等为前提，以爱情为基础的婚姻观念。
简·爱从小失去双亲，过着寄人篱下的生活，艰苦的环境磨炼了她坚强的意志，刻苦的学习使她拥有了超乎常人的才识。
由于从小寂寞孤单，简·爱对爱尤其是爱情有着执着的追求，敢于追求那种真正意义上的、完整的爱情，她的爱情容不下一丝的杂质。
她是一位渴望自由平等、崇尚独立、勇于追求幸福爱情的女性形象。
父母早亡，从小寄养在舅母家，在寄人篱下的童年生活里，她承受了肉体上的痛苦和心灵上的屈辱，但却从不压抑自己。
在简·爱看来，人不能逆来顺受，不能委屈地活着，活着，就要自由，要平等。
孤儿院院长用死后灵魂要下地狱来威胁她，她针锋相对地说“:我定要保持健康不死。
”海伦遭到教师侮辱和惩罚而又表现逆来顺受时，对此她感到怒不可遏。
她对海伦说“:如果她用那根棍子打我，我要把它从她手里夺过来，当着她的面把它折断。
”……所有这些描写都标示出简·爱思想探索的第一高度———捍卫做人的独立，通过道德、精神、智力的追求去实现自己“人”的价值。
简·爱认为，婚姻应该建立在男女双方真诚相爱、心灵契合的基础上，不应该为金钱、财产、门第、权势、地位所左右。
从《飘》中解读女性主义_新女性《飘》的表达方式仍然采用传统的现实主义手法，但是在内容上却有了很大的不同，表现出了鲜明的时代特征。
随着《飘》中的女主人公斯嘉丽的经历和蜕变，慢慢让我们感受到了女性主义的萌发，本文拟从爱情，生活和事业几个方便来解读《飘》中所展现出来的女性主义。
一爱情女主人公斯嘉丽对爱情的不懈追求一直是小说的灵魂和主线。
从斯嘉丽面对爱情的态度来看也淋漓尽致地展现出这位新女性与当时的社会文化所推崇的主流价值观是格格不入的。
美国南方以教养礼仪著称，从懂事起，孩子们便被教育成彬彬有礼的绅士和温柔优雅的淑女。
为了使女孩长大后成为符合社会标准的贤妻良母，父母们真是煞费苦心且绝对没有丝毫姑息迁就的余地。
从一直贴身照顾斯嘉丽的黑妈妈身上就可以很清楚的看到这一点，在参加宴会前黑妈妈要求斯嘉丽吃东西，因为淑女在宴会上吃得越少越被认为有教养，而且当黑妈妈知道斯嘉丽爱着已经快要结婚的艾西利时觉得斯嘉丽简直犯了大忌，完全在挑战她的道德底线。
在当时的传统中，女性应该是温柔的，被动的，矜持的淑女。
而我们的女主人公斯嘉丽完全粉碎了这幅美丽的窈窕淑女画面，而是处处展现出她的叛乱和独特。
对于斯嘉丽追求爱情的过程中所表现出来特立独行，我们可以从以下几个阶段来看：第一，少女时期的斯嘉丽。
还在塔拉庄园无忧无虑幸福生活的斯嘉丽，是一个美丽傲慢，善于社交，总是赢得很多男性追逐的美人儿。
她和其他矜持的淑女们不同，她很享受那种众星捧月被很多男性环绕的感觉，她敢跟任何一个男子调情。
在感情上，她是主动地，她享受着自己给自己创造的甜蜜。
当她知道她一直深爱着的艾西利快要结婚时，她甚至立即撕下了淑女的面具，而是不顾一切跑到艾西利面前向他表白。
这在当时来说，是一个非常大胆，颠覆传统的举动，因为没有一个淑女会主动去跟一个异性表白。
在遭到艾西利拒绝之后，斯嘉丽没有碍于女性身份而掩饰自己的愤怒，甚至打了艾西利一个巴掌。
这个巴掌也表现出斯嘉丽在爱情中敢爱敢恨，雷厉风行的作风。
浅析《乱世佳人》中斯嘉丽的性格摘要：美国女作家玛格丽特米切尔在《飘》中塑造的女主人公斯嘉丽，已经成为了人们心目中的经典形象。
斯嘉丽这个人物之所以经久不衰，是因为她有着让人无法阻挡的性格魅力。
本文力图从她对待爱情、对待生活、对待世俗等三个方面分析郝思嘉的性格特征，以加深读者对郝思嘉这个人物的把握和理解。
关键词：叛逆：坚毅：执着马格丽特·米歇尔的长篇巨著《飘》（亦有译成《乱世佳人》）是美国小说史上的一座丰碑。
这部作品思想性强，艺术性高，是一部不朽的现实主义杰作。
小说着力塑造了郝思嘉这样一个处于社会历史转型时期（奴隶制衰败，资本主义兴起）, 背叛了自己出身的奴隶主阶级, 勇敢地追随时代潮流, 最终成为典型的资产阶级的女性的形象。
在南北战争和战后重建时期广阔的社会背景下,这一形象无论是在爱情生活，还是在经济生活和家庭生活中, 都有着极为广阔的舞台。
作者从大处着眼，小处着手，为我们塑造了一个个性色彩非常鲜明的艺术形象。
一、对待爱情的态度：热烈而执着斯嘉丽穷其一生热烈而执着地追求爱情。
从她确信自己爱上了艾希礼之后，不管周遭出现了如何的困扰，不管他们隔了多远的距离，即使他已经娶她人为妻，她甚至都不曾想过就此妥协和放弃。
卫希礼，南方传统贵族，他有异于那些整天沉湎于功名和享受、不谙世事的贵族子弟并充满神秘感的特性让她好奇。
少女时代的斯嘉丽很快就深陷爱情之中。
为了这份爱，她冲破礼教，打破矜持，主动向卫希里表明心迹。
在十二棵橡树的野宴上，当她得知卫希里和梅兰妮订婚的消息属实后，因爱生恨的嫁给了梅兰妮的哥哥查尔斯。
她的婚姻只是为了给卫希里看，报复卫希里对她的爱。
直到查尔斯战死沙场，斯嘉丽对于卫希里的爱也更加直着。
她勇敢地奉献着她有些盲目但非常纯真的爱, 而且她把自己的爱看作一生中唯一美丽而神圣的一桩事。
许多年来，她始终将对卫希礼的爱当作精神支柱,很多的冒险和努力都是因卫希礼而产生，她甚至可以为了卫希礼,牺牲任何一切,不管卫希礼让她做任何事情，她都会答应下来。
ywjszxk@一、斯嘉丽的性格成长过程斯嘉丽是玛格丽特·米切尔长篇小说《飘》的女主人公，整部小说的故事情节也是围绕她展开的。
斯嘉丽出身富裕，有着千金小姐的娇贵与傲气。
但是，随着战争爆发，家庭出现变故，斯嘉丽在成长过程中，性格也渐渐发生了改变，从一个充满浪漫情怀的少女逐渐成长为一个理智的女性。
其中除了她自身因素外，环境也是一个不可忽略的因素。
斯嘉丽在不同时期所展示的性格，有任性、单纯、虚荣、坚强及自私等，下面笔者将对斯嘉丽在成长过程中不同阶段的性格进行分析。
1.战争前少女时期的浪漫战争全面爆发之前，斯嘉丽生活优渥，而且她有着非常漂亮的外表，所以一直以来斯嘉丽的追求者甚多。
她在这个时期也确实生活在自己梦想的美好世界里：没有战争、贫穷，只有舞会、郊游以及身边的崇拜者。
因此，这个时期的斯嘉丽虽然任性、傲气，但也是非常单纯、美好的。
对于爱情，斯嘉丽眼中只有艾希礼，那个出生显赫、多才多艺的青年。
她对艾希礼存在一种幻想，她爱艾希礼，一厢情愿地认为艾希礼也爱她。
即使她听到了艾希礼要和梅兰妮订婚的消息，她也觉得艾希礼不是真心爱梅兰妮，娶她是别有原因，她甚至在舞会休息时间去找艾希礼，希望与艾希礼私奔。
由此可见，这个时期的斯嘉丽，有着少女的浪漫，向往爱情，并且沉溺于自己的幻想之中。
2.战争时的现实随着战争的到来，斯嘉丽也不得不面对残酷的现实。
斯嘉丽是一个生性活泼的女性，寡妇的生活非常寂寞、无趣，对于她来说自然是难以忍受的。
此时，梅兰妮邀请斯嘉丽去亚特兰大的查尔斯姑姑家暂住，为了让斯嘉丽的心情好转起来，她母亲也劝她去亚特兰大小住一段时间，因此，她离开了塔拉庄园。
然而，战事很快就蔓延到了亚特兰大。
城中很多居民开始逃散，查尔斯姑姑一家也离开了亚特兰大。
梅兰妮在紧要关头临盆，斯嘉丽为梅兰妮接完生后，找到瑞德，历尽千辛万苦回到了塔拉庄园。
然而塔拉庄园却发生了翻天覆地的变化，母亲去世，父亲痴呆，两个妹妹患上疾病，家中财产丢失，这对斯嘉丽来说如晴天霹雳。
电影《乱世佳人》中的女性主义解读一、本文概述《乱世佳人》是一部由美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔创作的小说，后被改编成电影，成为了一部备受赞誉的经典作品。
本文将对电影《乱世佳人》中的女性主义进行解读，探讨该电影中女性角色的塑造以及女性主义思想的体现。
电影《乱世佳人》以美国南北战争为背景，通过主人公斯嘉丽·奥哈拉的生活经历，展现了女性在战争和社会变革中的困境和抗争。
本文将首先概述电影的基本情节和主要人物，介绍斯嘉丽等女性角色的性格特点和行为表现。
接着，本文将分析电影中女性角色的塑造方式，探讨导演如何通过对女性角色的刻画来展现女性主义思想。
在电影中，女性角色不再是传统意义上的弱者，她们在困境中展现出坚韧、勇敢和智慧。
斯嘉丽就是一个典型的例子，她在战争中失去了家园和亲人，却依然坚韧不拔地生活下去，并通过自己的努力和智慧逐渐走出困境。
本文将通过深入分析这些女性角色的形象和行为，来探讨电影中所蕴含的女性主义思想。
本文将总结电影《乱世佳人》中的女性主义解读，指出该电影对于女性主义思想的贡献和启示。
通过对电影中女性角色的分析和探讨，我们可以更好地理解女性在社会中的地位和作用，以及女性应该如何面对困境和挑战。
本文也希望通过对电影《乱世佳人》的女性主义解读，能够引发更多对于女性主义和性别平等的思考和讨论。
二、电影中的女性形象分析《乱世佳人》作为一部描绘美国南北战争时期的经典电影，其女性形象的塑造无疑具有深远的意义。
电影中的女性角色，如斯嘉丽、梅兰妮和贝尔·沃特林等，各自代表了不同的女性主义观点和价值观，从而为我们提供了丰富的解读空间。
斯嘉丽·奥哈拉是电影中的核心人物，她的形象塑造充满了复杂性和矛盾性。
一方面，她坚韧、独立，具有强烈的生存欲望和竞争意识，这些特质体现了女性主义中强调的女性独立和自我实现的观点。
她不畏艰难，即使在战争和困境中也能勇敢地生存下去，并努力追求自己的幸福。
另一方面，斯嘉丽也深受传统女性角色的影响，她的行为和决策常常受到男性视角的束缚。
北京理工大学毕业设计（论文）论《飘》中斯嘉丽的婚姻观Scarlett’s View of Marriage in Gone with the Wind系部：专业：班级：学生：学号：指导教师：职称：江西理工大学南昌校区毕业设计（论文）任务书文理系商务英语专业 08 级（ 2011 届） 2 班学生题目：论《飘》中斯嘉丽的婚姻观专题题目（若无专题则不填）：原始依据(包括设计（论文）的工作基础、研究条件、应用环境、工作目的等)：玛格丽特. 米契尔 (Margaret Mitchell) 的巨作《飘》展现了美国南北战争时期南方动乱的社会现实，以女主人公斯嘉丽为主线，描写了几对青年的爱情纠。
作品一问世就引起了广大读者和评论家的极大关注。
其中有些评论家对女主人公斯佳丽的婚姻观进行了评述。
在《性别研究》——浅谈斯佳丽的婚姻悲剧中，作者分析了文学名著《飘》中的女主人公斯佳丽的悲剧婚姻。
煜强在《斯嘉丽的婚姻观：马斯洛“需要理论”解读》中运用了马斯洛的‘需要理论'分析了斯嘉丽在不同的时期所确定的不同层次的需要,只要谁能满足她的需要,她就要委任以婚姻来保障她的需要能够得到较好地满足。
由此我们可以看出《飘》中的女主人公斯佳丽展示了人性的某些真实特性,这些容值得我们去研究和探讨。
我们可以透过斯嘉丽每次婚姻的背景、特点，来看当时的历史，了解十九世纪的美国，了解美国女性主义的形成过程，也可通过研究斯嘉丽的爱情，树立正确的爱情观，以免后人再重蹈覆辙主要容和要求：（包括设计（研究）容、主要指标与技术参数，并根据课题性质对学生提出具体要求）：玛格丽特·米切尔的小说《飘》中的主人公斯嘉丽是一个天生丽质，性格要强，勇于面对困难的女人，在经历了人生的跌宕起伏后，仍然能够坚强的面对人生，扛起整个家庭的重担。
她出生于十九世纪中期，生活在美国南部佐治亚州一个富裕的庄园主家庭，她的母亲是优雅端庄的法国海滨贵族，父亲是粗狂豪爽的法兰西人，他们一个有着豪爽仗义的爱尔兰农民精明朴实的血统，一个有着极富教养的法国海滨贵族血统，斯佳丽就是这两种血统的交汇。
略论《飘》中斯嘉丽的爱情婚姻观摘要美国著名作家玛格丽特·米切尔将自己的人生经历以及南北战争背景结合起来融入到自己的作品中并创作出了享誉盛名的《飘》。
在《飘》中，米切尔塑造了个性坚强、天生丽质的斯嘉丽形象，这一形象所具有的女性主义意识是许多学者以及读者喜爱《飘》并赞美《飘》的重要原因之一。
本文以斯嘉丽所经历的爱情以及几次失败的婚姻为切入点，对斯嘉丽的爱情观以及婚姻观进行了研究与阐述。
关键词：《飘》斯嘉丽爱情观婚姻观中图分类号：i106.4 文献标识码：a一《飘》中的故事背景概述《飘》所讲述的故事发生于美国南北战争时期美国的南方社会，美国北方在工业发展的推动下希望能够实现劳动力的解放，而美国南方的农业主出于自身的利益而限制着黑人奴隶的自由，南北战争的爆发以及南方军的失败摧毁了农业主的美梦，这导致了许多社会的、家庭的乃至爱情的悲剧都随处可见。
小说中的女主角斯嘉丽就是生活在这一时代的庄园千金小姐，在南北战争爆发前夕，她爱上了同处在美国南方上流社会并且温文尔雅的卫希礼，而卫希礼却深爱着斯嘉丽的表妹媚兰并最终与媚兰成婚。
出于报复，斯嘉丽嫁给了媚兰的弟弟查尔斯，不久南北战争的爆发，查尔斯赶赴前线并在战争中身亡。
随着南北战争中南方军的溃败，斯嘉丽的塔拉庄园被洗劫一空，她深爱的母亲也在战事中去世，这一切都改变了斯嘉丽任性的性格。
为了能够继续生存下去，斯嘉丽承担起了整个家庭的重担并嫁给了企业主弗兰克，此后弗兰克在参与反政府组织的集会时被枪杀，第二次成为寡妇的斯嘉丽嫁给了深爱她的白德瑞。
但是由于斯嘉丽对卫希礼的念念不忘终于使白德瑞无法忍受并下定决心离开，而此时的斯嘉丽虽然已经明白了自己在爱情中真正的需要，但是也已经再难以得到白德瑞的信任，于是她决定要在属于她自己的土地上开创新的生活。
在美国南北战争的背景下，《飘》围绕斯嘉丽展现了几段动机不同但是结果相似的爱恨情仇，在对当时社会、道德、经济等许多现实做出反映的基础上，也向人们展示了一个南方庄园千金小姐本身的爱情观以及婚姻观。
