英语语法复习专题 特殊句式--强调、省略和倒装

一、倒装①完全倒装(Full Inversion)谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。

这类句型主要有两种：Ⅰ表示方位或地点等的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时。

如：In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.Ⅱsuch置于句首时。

如：Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist.此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。

②部分倒装(Partial Inversion)只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。

如：（一）only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。

如：Only in this way can we learn English well.使用特点：Ⅰ在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。

如：Only after the war did he learn the sad news.Ⅱonly修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装，主句要部分倒装。

如：Only when he returned did we find out the truth.Ⅲonly修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。

如：Only he can answer the question.（二）否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。

如：Never before have I seen such a moving film.（三）六个重要的固定句型Ⅰ…so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“……也是如此”。

会考复习——倒装句、强调句、省略句I 倒装英语最基本的词序“主语部分+谓语部分”通常⼗分固定。

如果把谓语动词放在主语前⾯，这就叫做倒装。

将谓语动词完全移⾄主语之前，称为完全倒装；如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，称为部分倒装。

⼀、全部倒装1．以here， there， now，then开头的句⼦,谓语动词要放在句⼦的主语之前。

这种句⼦中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。

如：Here comes the train！There goes the bell！注意：如果句⼦的主语是⼈称代词，则不能使⽤倒装结构。

如：Here it comes！／There it goes！2．有些动词短语以副词out，in，up，down，away等结尾，构成不及物动词短语。

这时，为了使句⼦更形象，常将这些副词提前到句⾸。

这时，句中的谓语动词要放在句⼦主语的前⾯，构成全部倒装。

（注意，这时句⼦的主语也必须是名词。

如果是⼈称代词，也不能使⽤倒装结构。

）如：Up went the rocket．Up it went．3．为了强调表⽰地点的介词短语，常将这个介词短语放在句⾸，构成全部倒装。

注意，这时句⼦的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。

如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker．4．表语置于句⾸，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句⼦要⽤全部倒装。

如：Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat．5. There be 句型在There+助动词/情态动词+be+主语+地点/时间的句型中，主语在谓语be动词后⾯，因此这是倒装。

There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk. 桌上有⼀个⼿机和⼀些书。

There are thousands of people gathering on the square. ⼴场上聚集着成千上万的⼈。

年级高二学科英语编稿老师李敏英课程标题核心句法（五）特殊句式——强调、倒装、省略一校林卉二校黄楠审核赵梅红英语特殊句式是高考重点热点之一，主要考查的内容有以下几个方面：1. 强调句型与其他从句的区别。

2. 全部倒装和部分倒装的特有句式，比如not until…, so… that, not only… but also等结构的倒装句式。

3. 各种省略句式，比如，各种从句中的省略现象、不定式的省略结构等。

英语特殊句式的考查题型可以是单选、完形、改错、阅读表达当中的翻译。

英语特殊句式掌握得好对阅读和写作具有重要意义。

一、知识精讲1. 强调句强调句型是中学阶段所学过的比较重要的句型之一，也是高考的重点和热点之一。

其基本结构是：It is（was）＋被强调部分＋that／who＋句子的其它成分。

英语中许多句子常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成分进行强调。

【例句】Mike and Mary helped the old man several days ago.It was Mike and Mary that / who helped the old man several days ago.It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds．It was in today’s newspaper that we found the news．状元典例1— Were all three people in the car injured in the accident?— No, ______ only the two passengers who got hurt.A. there wereB. it wereC. there wasD. it was答案：D思路分析：本题考查的是强调句式。

强调句式由“it is/was + 被强调部分+that/who…”构成。

题意“只有两个乘客受了伤”；如果选A，句意“只有两个受伤的乘客”，答非所问。

省略、倒装和强调省略为了使句子结构更加紧密或为了避免重复，而将前面或后面已经出现过的词语省略，或因习惯上的用法而省略部分词语，这样所形成的句子叫省略句。

一. 简单句中的省略1. 省略主语在祈使句或某些习惯性的用法中常省略主语。

如(You) Close the door at once.(It) Sounds fine to me.2. 省略主语和谓语的一部分在表示建议的问句、比较状语从句、感叹句和there be句型中常省略。

如What (do you think) about a cup of tea? He speaks English as well as you (do).What a (good) girl (she is)! (Is there) anything elso to buy?3. 省略宾语、表语这种省略常见于对话的答语中。

如---Which of the two is better?---It’s hard to tell (it).He is hard-working and so is his sister (hard-working).4. 名词所有格后名词的省略名词所有格修饰的名词有上下文已出现或表示店铺、住宅、教堂等地点时常省略。

如These are John’s books and those are Mary’s (books).At her mother’s (house) she passed many happy days.5. 冠词的省略在某些固定短语the next day（morning，week，year …）中，有时为了使语气紧凑，定冠词the常可以省略；在副词的最高级前面定冠词常可以省略；另外在某些独立结构中和as引导的让步状语从句中，常可省略冠词。

如We went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest (the) next day.He sings (the) best in the class. Child as she is, she knows a lot.6. 介词的省略一些动词搭配构成的短语，如prevent / stop sb（from）doing，have trouble / difficulty/ problems（in）doing，spend time（in）doing等中的介词常可以省略。

英语中的倒装、强调和省略倒装 Inversion英语的一般语序(自然语序Natural Order)为：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语（或表语） + (状语等附加成分)。

有时为了语法上或修辞上的需要而改变这种语序。

一、语法倒装1. 句首是由某些表示地点状语的副词开头，或者方位副词、介词短语放在句首时，主谓全部倒装(Full Inversion)。

比如：here, back, down, off, in, up，hence, then, thus, often, so，out, up, away, on等，通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

主语为主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

Here is your letter. 这是你的信。

Down came the rain. 下雨了。

Hence comes the name magnet. 由此得名“磁铁”。

Into the sky went the plane. 飞机飞向天空。

Away went the girl to the school! 这个女孩到学校去了！Off goes the woman! 那个女人走了！2. 以there开头，表示“….有….”, “There+be+主语”结构；在正式文体中，当主语不明确或是一个很长的名词短语时，用“there+不及物动词+主语”结构。

There are more important matters we need to discuss.我们有很多重要的事情需要讨论。

There entered a strange little man.走进来一个奇怪而身材矮小的人。

3. 主语 + live, stand, lie, sit 等动词+（介词）地点状语的结构中常采用倒装语序。

正常语序：An old temple stands at the top of the hill.倒装语序：At the top of the hill stands an old temple.山顶上有座古庙。

高考英语特殊句式强调句,倒装句,省略句高考英语语法突破------特殊句式强调句考点归纳一、考查强调句的陈述句形式1.It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.A. thatB. howC. whichD. when2.It was along the Mississippi River ___ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.A. howB. whichC. thatD. where3.It was not until midnight they reached the camp site.A. thatB. whenC. whileD. as4.—Where did you get to know her? —It was on the farm ______ we worked.A. thatB. thereC. whichD. where5. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature __ he chose the course.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how二、考查强调句的特殊疑问句形式比较：Jim told us the news.(非强调句)→It was Jim that told us the news.(强调句型的陈述句形式)→Was it Jim t hat told us the news.(强调句型的一般疑问句形式) →Who was it that told us the news.(强调句型的特殊疑问句形式)1. I just wonder ______ that makes him so excited.A. why it doesB. what he doesC. how it isD. what it is2.— _____ that he manage to get the information? —Oh, a friend of his helped him.A. Where was itB. What was itC. How was itD. Why was it3. Why! I have nothing to confess. _____ you want me to say?A. What is it thatB. What it is thatC. How is it thatD. How it is that三、考查被强调成分为从句的情形如：It was after he got married that he got to know Mary.It was not what he said but how he behaved that made us angry.1. It is not who is right but what is right ______ is ofimportance.A. whichB. itC. thatD. this2. I don’t mind he r criticizing me, but __ is how she does it that I object to.A. itB.thatC. thisD. which3. It was after he got what he had desired __ he realized it was not so important.A. thatB. whenC. sinceD. as4. It is what you do rather than what you say ______ mattersA. thatB. whatC. whichD. this 四、考查not...until句式的强调结构其基本形式为It is (was) not until…that…1. It ___ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common.A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasn’t until; whenD. wasn’t until; that2. It was not until she got home _______ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.A. when B that C. where D. before3. It wasn’t until nearly a month later ____ I received themanager’s reply.A. sinceB. whenC. asD. that五、对比式命题1.与名词性从句对比：___ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to stronger, more prosperous economy.A. AsB. ThatC. ThisD. It2.与状语从句对比--- How long do you think it will be ___ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? --- Perhaps two or three years.A. when B. until C. that D. before3.与定语从句对比It was in the school ________ Mr. Smith taught that we studied.A. whereB. thatC. whenD. what倒装句考点归纳英语中的倒装句指的是主语、谓语位置颠倒的情况，根据其倒装形式又可分为部分倒装和全部倒装两种形式。

特殊句式在写作中的运用之强调句、省略句、全部倒装写作是需要刻意练习的。

想要在这个占全卷总分近17%（旧高考）或27%（新高考）的大题型上有所突破，除了做到“紧扣主题，基本覆盖所有要点，多数句子基本正确，基本达到预期写作目的”之外，还需要“语法结构多样，词汇丰富，句型句式精彩”。

事实上在能写对句子的前提下，恰当适量运用高级词汇和多样化的句式表达，那么达到优秀还是大有可为的。

特殊句式之强调句在写作中的运用：句式：It is / was + 被强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）+ that + 其他强调句微写作练习：1.正是王老师挖掘出了我最好的一面。

（人物介绍话题写作；感谢信）2.我们谴责的正是这些不文明行为。

（倡议书）3.正是参观了这个展览，我才意识到垃圾分类的重要性。

（环保话题写作）4.就是在你的帮助下，我的英语口语才取得了极大的进步。

（感谢信）5.我就是在哈尔滨学会了滑雪。

（记叙文）6.就是这样做，我们才能减少环境污染。

（倡议书；建议信）强调句微写作参考答案：1.It was Miss Wang that/who brought my best out.2.It is these bad behaviors that we are supposed to blame.3.It was not until I saw the exhibition that I realized the importance of garbage classification.4.It was because you helped me that I made great progress in oral English. [= It was with your help that I ....]5.It was in Harbin that I learned skiing.6.It is in this way that we can reduce environmental pollution. [= It is by doing like this that we can ....]省略句微写作练习：1.2022冬奥会如期在北京召开了。

语法复习专题10 特殊句式--- 倒装、强调、省略、感叹、反意及祈使句热点考向一倒装句1. 完全倒装(1) There be＋主语＋...，此结构中的be有时用stand/exist/lie/live/flow/seem等不及物动词代替。

There seems to be something wrong with the machine.(2) Here/There/Now/Then/Thus＋不及物动词＋名词There goes the bell.Let's go into the lecture hall.Be quick！Here comes the bus.(3) Out/In/Up/Down/Away/Off/Back/Over＋不及物动词＋名词Out rushed the children. Away flew the birds.比较：Away they hurried.(4) 介词短语(表地点)＋不及物动词＋主语On the wall hang two large portraits.At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful village.(5) 表语＋连系动词＋主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.Seated in the first line are some advanced workers.(6) Such＋be＋主语Such are the facts；no one can deny them.Such is Yiyangqianxi, a young handsome singer popular with Chinese teenagers.2. 部分倒装(1) 用于以so，nor，neither开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容，须部分倒装，且此句的谓语应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致，但“so＋主语＋do”结构则表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定，它的主语与上文的主语相同，so相当于indeed，certainly。