西方经济学原理复习题

供给和需求的基本原理一、重点与难点（一)重点1、需求与需求法则2、需求弹性3、供给与供给法则4、供给弹性5、均衡价格及其变动(二）难点供求理论的应用二、关键概念需求需求曲线沿需求曲线的移动与需求曲线的位移供给供求规律需求的价格弹性需求的收入弹性需求的交叉弹性三、习题（一）选择题1、张某对面包的需求表示（ C ）A．张某买了面包B．张某没有买面包，而买了煎饼C．面包卖每个1元时，张某准备用现有的收入买4个,而每个为2元时，准备买1个D．张某准备买10个，但钱没带够E．以上都不表示需求2、当羽毛球拍的价格下降时,对羽毛球的需求量将（ C）A．减少 B．不变C．增加 D．视具体情况而定3、消费者偏好不变，对某商品的消费量着消费者收入的增加而减少，则该商品是（ D ）A．替代品 B．互补品C．正常品 D．低档品E．无法确定4、对大白菜供给的减少，不可能是由于（C ）A．气候异常严寒 B．政策限制大白菜的种植C．大白菜的价格下降 D．化肥价格上涨E．无法确定5、如果政府对卖者出售的商品每单位征税5美分,那么这种做法将引起这种商品的（ B ）A．价格上升5美分 B．价格的上升少于5美分C．价格的上升大于5美分 D．价格无法确定6、下列诸情形中,何种情况将意味着是吉芬品（ B ）A．需求收入弹性和需求价格弹性都是正的B．需求收入弹性和需求价格弹性都是负的C．需求收入弹性为正，但需求价格弹性是负的D．需求收入弹性为负,但需求价格弹性为正E．上述没有一个说出了吉芬品的特点7、在其他条件不变的情况下,需求弹性的大小（ A ）A．与消费者的税收负担成反比,与生产者的税收负担成正比；B．与消费者的税收负担成正比，与生产者的税收负担成反比；C．不影响税收额在生产者与消费者之间的分配比例；D．与生产者和消费者的税收无关。

8。

下列哪一项会导致面包的需求向右移动（D )A。

面粉价格的上涨B。

果酱价格的上涨C。

收入的下降D。

花生酱价格的下降9、假定某商品的供给曲线是一条过原点的直线,那么该商品供给的价格弹性（ B ) A。

西方经济学考研题目及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 边际效用递减原理是由哪位经济学家首次提出？A. 亚当·斯密B. 卡尔·马克思C. 阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔D. 弗朗西斯·伊迪2. 在完全竞争市场中，以下哪项不是市场结构的特征？A. 产品同质性B. 买卖双方众多C. 完全信息D. 产品差异化3. 以下哪种情况会导致需求曲线向右移动？A. 商品价格上升B. 消费者收入增加C. 商品价格下降D. 替代品价格上升4. 以下哪项不是宏观经济政策的目标？A. 经济增长B. 充分就业C. 价格稳定D. 企业利润最大化5. 根据IS-LM模型，以下哪项政策会导致利率下降？A. 增加政府支出B. 提高税收C. 增加货币供应量D. 减少货币供应量6. 以下哪种情况会导致供给曲线向左移动？A. 生产技术进步B. 生产成本下降C. 生产成本上升D. 相关商品价格上升7. 经济周期中的衰退阶段通常伴随着以下哪种现象？A. 失业率下降B. 产出增长C. 失业率上升D. 投资增加8. 以下哪种货币政策工具最直接影响货币供应量？A. 公开市场操作B. 利率调整C. 存款准备金率调整D. 贷款利率调整9. 以下哪种情况属于外部性？A. 消费者购买商品B. 企业生产商品C. 企业生产导致的环境污染D. 政府征税10. 以下哪项是公共物品的特征？A. 竞争性B. 排他性C. 非竞争性D. 非排他性二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述完全竞争市场的基本假设条件。

2. 解释什么是菲利普斯曲线，并讨论其在现代经济学中的意义。

3. 描述凯恩斯主义与货币主义在宏观经济政策上的不同观点。

三、论述题（每题25分，共50分）1. 论述市场失灵的原因及其对经济政策的影响。

2. 分析货币政策和财政政策在经济调控中的作用及其局限性。

参考答案：一、选择题1-5 CADCC6-10 CCACD二、简答题1. 完全竞争市场的基本假设条件包括：市场上存在大量买家和卖家，产品是同质的，市场信息完全透明，进入和退出市场没有障碍，以及单个买家或卖家对市场价格没有影响力。

西方经济学复习三 计算题部分一、均衡价格和弹性 导学1．已知：需求曲线的方程式为P ＝30－4Q ，供给曲线的方程式为P ＝20＋2Q ，试求均衡价格与均衡产量。

解：因为均衡时需求价格与供给价格相等；需求量与供给量相等： 所以：30－4Q ＝20＋2Q 解得 6Q=10Q=代入P=30-4Q ，P=30-4×=23答：均衡价格为23，均衡产量为。

教材49页：1．已知某种商品价格弹性为：～，如果该商品价格降低10％，试求：该商品需求量的变动率。

解： 根据价格弹性公式：//d Q QE P P∆=-∆1.2(10%)12%d Q PE Q P ∆∆=-⨯=-⨯-= 1.5(10%)15%d Q P E Q P∆∆=-⨯=-⨯-= 答：该商品需求量的变动率为12%～15%。

3．在市场上有1000个相同的人，每个人对X 商品的的需求方程为8d Q P =-,有100个相同的厂商，每个厂商对X 商品的供给方程为4020s Q P =-+。

试求：X 商品的均衡价格和均衡产量。

解：因为市场上有1000人，代入可得X 商品市场的需求方程为：10001000(8)80001000d d TQ Q P P =⨯=-=-市场有100个相同的厂商，代入可得X 商品市场的供给方程为：100100(4020)40002000s S TQ Q P P =⨯=-+=-+均衡时d s TQ TQ =，所以有：8000100040002000P P -=-+ 解得均衡价格为：P ＝4将均衡价格P =4代入80001000d TQ P =-或40002000s TQ P =-+ 可求得均衡产量：Q = 4000答：X 商品的均衡价格是4；均衡产量是4000。

形成性考核作业三1、已知某商品的需求方程和供给方程分别为Qd=14-3P ，Qs=2+6P,试求该商品的均衡价格，以及均衡时的需求价格弹性和供给价格弹性。

答：当均衡时，供给量等于需求量。

西方经济学复习题及答案西方经济学综合练习题说明：下面的内容为《西方经济学》期末复习题及答案。

关于计算题的答案，因涉及到公式的符号无法输入，要求学生要参考《西方经济学自测练习》中的答案，其页码及题号已在题中注明。

一．填空题1、选择包括三个相关的问题，即生产什么、如何生产和为谁生产。

2、微观经济学和宏观经济学解决的问题分别是资源配置和资源利用。

3、经济学根据其研究对象的不同，可分为微观经济学和宏观经济学。

4、经济学研究中的实证方法要回答的问题是是什么，规范方法要回答的（是应该是什么）。

5、两种互补商品之间价格与需求成反方向变动，两种替代商品这间价格与需求成同方向变动。

6、同一条需求曲线上的移动称为需求量变动，需求曲线的平行移动称为需求的变动。

7、均衡价格是某种商品的供给量与需求量相等时的价格。

8、需求的变动引起均衡价格同方向变动，均衡数量同方向变动。

9、市场经济的决策机制是分散决策，协调机制是价格，激励机制是个人物质利益。

10、价格下限一定高于均衡价格，价格上限一定低于均衡价格。

11、需求缺乏弹性是指需求量变动的比率小于价格变动的比率，需求富有弹性则是指需求量变动的比率大于价格变动的比率。

12、一般地说，收入弹性为正值的商品是正常商品，收入弹性为负值的商品是低档商品。

13、基数效用论采用的是边际效用分析法，序数效用论采用的是无差异曲线分析法。

14、当边际效用为零时，总效用达到最大；当边际效用为负数时，总效用减少。

15、消费可能线的假设条件是消费者收入即定理和商品价格即定。

16、消费者对某种物品的需求量与价格成反方向变动的原因在于边际效用递减。

17、利润最大化就是要同时实现技术效率与经济效率。

18、总产量曲线、平均产量曲线、边际产量曲线都是先上升而后下降，这反映了边际产量递减规律。

19、适度规模就是指生产规模的扩大正好使收益递增达到最大。

20、研究生产要素最适组合时采用的是边际分析法和等产量分析法。

21、总收益减去会计成本就是会计利润，总收益减去会计成本再减去机会成本就是经济利润。

第四章不同市场的价格与产量决定完全竞争市场（一）判断题1．所有完全竞争的企业都可以在短期均衡时实现利润最大化。

（）2．可以把每个企业的供给曲线水平相加而得出短期行业供给曲线。

（）3．在长期均衡时，完全竞争行业中的每个企业的经济利润为零。

（）4．新企业进入一个完全竞争的行业会提高价格并增加每个企业的利润。

（）5．在长期均衡时，完全竞争行业中的每个企业都选择了与最低长期平均成本相一致的工厂规模。

（）6．新技术使企业能以更低的成本进行生产。

（）7．如果在一个完全竞争行业中存在外在经济，长期行业供给曲线将向右上方倾斜。

（）8．假定在一个完全竞争的行业实现了长期均衡时引进了新技术。

在新的长期均衡调整过程中，有些企业会获得经济利润，而有些企业会有经济亏损。

（）9．假定一个完全竞争的行业实现了长期均衡时固定总成本有大幅度增加。

这时所有企业都会有经济亏损，有一些企业将退出该行业。

（）10．如果一个企业在经济上是有效率的，那么，它就必定实现了配置效率。

（）11．如果一个企业实现了利润最大化，那么，它在经济上就是有效率的。

（）12．当消费者在既定价格时所购买的物品量在需求曲线一点上时，就实现了消费者效率。

（）13．当边际社会收益大于边际社会成本时就实现了配置效率。

（）14．只有不存在外在成本或外在收益时，一个完全竞争的行业才能实现配置效率。

15．只有实现了完全竞争，就可以实现配置效率。

（）（二）选择题1．假如某厂商的平均收益曲线从水平线变为向右下方倾斜的曲线，这说明（）。

A．既有厂商进入也有厂商退出该行业；B．完全竞争被不完全竞争所取代；C．新的厂商进入了该行业；D．原有厂商退出了该行业。

2．假定在某一产量水平上，某厂商的平均成本达到了最小值，这意味着（）。

A．边际成本等于平均成本；B．厂商获得了最大利润；C．厂商获得了最小利润；D．厂商的超额利润为零。

3．在完全竞争市场上，厂商短期均衡条件是（）。

A．AP=AR；B．P=MR；C．P=MC；D．P=AC。

西方经济学考试题库及答案一、选择题1. 经济学研究的核心问题是：A. 资源分配B. 经济增长C. 通货膨胀D. 失业率答案：A2. 完全竞争市场中，厂商的短期供给曲线是：A. MC曲线B. AVC曲线C. SAC曲线D. MR曲线答案：A3. 边际效用递减法则指的是：A. 随着消费量的增加，总效用递减B. 随着消费量的增加，边际效用递减C. 随着消费量的减少，边际效用递增D. 边际效用与消费量无关答案：B4. 根据洛伦兹曲线，基尼系数的取值范围是：A. 0到1B. -1到1C. 0到无穷大D. 1到无穷大答案：A5. 货币政策的主要工具包括：A. 利率B. 货币供应量C. 政府支出D. 税收答案：B二、简答题1. 简述需求弹性的概念及其影响因素。

答案：需求弹性是指需求量对价格变化的敏感程度。

影响需求弹性的因素包括替代品的可用性、商品的必需性、商品支出在总预算中所占的比重、消费者调整购买习惯的时间长度以及消费者对商品的偏好等。

2. 解释什么是“市场失灵”并给出一个例子。

答案：市场失灵是指市场机制不能有效地分配资源，导致资源配置效率低下或不公平分配的情况。

例如，外部性（如污染）就是一个市场失灵的例子，因为污染的成本没有被生产者或消费者承担，导致资源配置偏离社会最优水平。

三、论述题1. 论述亚当·斯密的“看不见的手”原理及其在现代经济学中的应用。

答案：亚当·斯密的“看不见的手”原理认为，在自由市场中，个人追求自身利益的行为往往能够促进社会整体福利的最大化。

在现代经济学中，这一原理被用来解释市场机制如何通过价格信号协调生产和消费，实现资源的有效分配。

然而，斯密的理论也指出了市场失灵的可能性，如垄断、外部性、公共品等，这些情况需要政府干预来纠正市场结果。

结束语：本题库涵盖了西方经济学的基本知识点，包括核心概念、市场机制、政策工具等，旨在帮助学生全面复习并掌握经济学的基本原理和应用。

希望这些题目和答案能够对准备考试的学生有所帮助。

经济学原理第一章经济学十大原理1、判断：只有穷人才面临稀缺性问题。

2、判断：因为资源是有限的，所以人们一定要学会不考虑机会成本而进行决策。

3、判断：“如何生产”的问题所涉及到的一个实例就是：“一个国家如何决定谁得到所生产的物品和劳务。

”4、判断：自愿交换总是使卖方的状况变得更好，但不一定会使买方的状况变好。

5、经济学主要研究（）。

A、如何使私人企业避免利益损失B、证明资本主义经济比社会主义经济更优越C、如何有效配置使用稀缺资源D、最公平地分配社会产品6、下列陈述中正确的是（）。

A、经济萧条时期成立的经济定理在经济繁荣时期必定成立。

B、尽管在计量方面并不精确，经济学定理依然有用，因为我们可以运用其对现实事件进行解释预测，并在此基础上对经济人的活动进行控制和调整。

C、经济定理像物理或化学定理一样的精确，因而经济学也像物理学和化学那样是符合科学原则的。

D、由于经济学回答“应该怎样”的问题，所以它是道德体系的分支而不是有关科学的。

7、下述活动中与宏观经济学有关的是（）。

A、北京市大学毕业生收入水平的调查B、对1998年全国物价总水平和失业率的调查C、对1978年以来小麦价格变动趋势的研究D、通过实例研究家电企业的定价与生产决策8、资源的稀缺性是指（）。

A、资源有限，可以耗尽B、资源的绝对量较少C、相对于需求而言资源相对不足D、资源是不可再生的第二章像经济学家一样思考1、生产可能性曲线说明的基本原理是（）。

A、一国资源总能被充分利用B、假定所有经济资源能得到充分的有效利用，则只有减少Y物品生产才能增加X物品的生产C、引进技术引起生产可能性曲线向内移动D、经济能力增长惟一决定于劳动力数量2、下列命题中哪一个不是实证经济学命题（）。

A、a年8月联储把贴现率降到10%B、a年失业率超过9%C、联邦所得税对中等收入家庭是不公平的D、社会保险税的课税依据已超过3000美元3、以下问题中哪一个不是微观经济学所考察的问题（）。

经济学原理〔微观局部〕一、单项选择题1. 当某种物品的原材料价格上涨，那么该物品的〔〕。

A 供应曲线向左移动B 供应曲线向右移动C 需求曲线向左移动D 需求曲线向右移动2. 某物品的需求价格弹性为2，如果物品的销售者想使该物品的销量增加10%，那么需将物品价格〔〕。

A 增加3%B 减少5%C 减少10%D 增加10%3. 向右下方倾斜的直线型需求曲线富有弹性的区域是〔〕。

A 价格相对较低的区域B 价格相对中等的区域C 价格相对较高的区域D 不能确定4.某厂商的边际本钱为MC= 2Q+3，那么其平均可变本钱AVC为〔〕。

A Q-5B Q+3C Q+8D 2Q+35. 民航机票打折销售属于经济学中的〔〕。

A 一级价格歧视B 二级价格歧视C 三级价格歧视D 四级价格歧视6. 一般地，垄断厂商的边际收益〔MR〕与平均收益〔A R〕有以下〔〕关系。

A MR<ARB MR>ARC MR=ARD 不确定7. 一个完全垄断厂商在目前的产量水平下，边际收益为12美元，边际本钱为15美元，它应该怎样做才能增加利润?〔〕A 价格和产量同时减少B 提高价格和产量C 增加产量，降低价格D 提高价格，减少产量8. 等产量曲线的斜率衡量的是〔〕。

A 商品的边际替代率B 规模报酬C 边际收益递减D 边际技术替代率9. 寡头市场的突出特征是〔〕。

A 产品是同质的B 产品是有差异的C 厂商之间有策略依赖性D 厂商以产量作为决策变量10. 完全竞争厂商的要素需求曲线由〔〕给出。

A VMP曲线B MP曲线C MR曲线D MC曲线二、辨析题〔判断正误并给出你的理由〕1.将社会资源平均分配是帕累托有效的。

2. 所有漂浮本钱都是固定本钱。

3. 当垄断厂商实施一级价格歧视时，社会福利损失最大。

4.垄断厂商的供应曲线向右上方倾斜。

5. 一般认为，基尼系数越小，收入分配就越趋于平等。

三、问答题1. 请区分完全竞争市场条件下，单个厂商的需求曲线、单个消费者的需求曲线以及市场的需求曲线。

10101《西方经济学》（统设）期末复习一、计算题（一）运用经济原理计算（简算）1.某国有1亿人，16岁以下儿童2000万，65岁以上老人1000万，在全日制学校学生1400万，家庭妇女500万，残疾等没有劳动能力者100万，失业者500万，其余为就业者。

在这个经济中劳动力参工率与失业率分别是多少？（自测Ｐ184第6题）051试题2. 假定某市场的年销售额为450亿元，其中销售额最大的四家企业分别为：150亿元、100亿元、85亿元、70亿元。

该市场的四家集中率是多少？（央校复习计算4题）3. 生产汽车，每辆的平均成本为5万元，汽车行业的平均利润率为8％，如按成本加成法定价，每辆车的价格多少？如平均成本增至6万元，其价格多少？（自测Ｐ136第2题）4..折旧380亿元、个人所得税580亿元、公司未分配利润80亿元、间接税490亿，ＧＤＰ5400亿元、企业所得税640亿元、转移支付430亿元、政府给居民户支付的利息190亿元。

计算国内生产净值、国民收入、个人收入和个人可支配收入。

（自测Ｐ183第4题）5.假设一国现有纸币1200亿元，铸币10亿元，存款货币3000亿元，定期存款和其他储蓄存款2000亿元，信用卡２０亿元。

请计算该经济中的M1与M2。

（自测Ｐ200第4题）6. 已知某种商品的需求函数为D=350-3P，供给函数为S=-250+5P。

求该商品的均衡价格和均衡数量。

（均衡价格决定公式：D = S）（自测Ｐ40计算题）7 .某国人口为2500万人，就业人数1000万人，失业人数100万人。

计算该国劳动力人数和失业率。

（自测Ｐ184第7题）077试题8.一个经济中消费需求8000亿元，投资需求1800亿元，出口1000亿元，进口800亿元，计算社会总需求，并计算各部分在总需求中所占比例。

（自测Ｐ212第1题）081试题9..某消费者有120元，当X商品的价格为20元，Y商品的价格为10元时，各种不同数量的X和Y•商品的边际效用如附表。

复习题：一、True or False：1. Government policies that improve equality usually increase efficiency at the same time.2. A rational decisionmaker takes an action if and only if the marginal cost exceeds the marginal benefit.3.Trade allows each person to specialize in the activities he or she does best, thus increasing each individual's productivity.4. the production possibilities frontier shows the opportunity cost of one good as measured in terms of the other good.5. When a production possibilities frontier is bowed outward, the opportunity cost of the first good in terms of the second good increases as more of the second good is produced.6. For a country producing two goods, the opportunity cost of one good will be the inverse of the opportunity cost of the other good.7. If a country has the comparative advantage in producing a product, then that country must also have the absolute advantage in producing that product.8.An increase in the price of pizza will shift the demand curve for pizza to the left.9. A decrease in supply shifts the supply curve to the right.10. The demand for gasoline will respond more to a change in price over a period of five weeks than over a period of five years.11. Suppose that when the price rises by 10% for a particular good, the quantity demanded of that good falls by 30%. The price elasticity of demand for this good is equal to 1/3.12. Demand is inelastic if the price elasticity of demand is greater than 1.13.A price ceiling is a legal minimum on the price at which a good or service can be sold.14. A price floor set above the equilibrium price is not binding.15 .The equilibrium of supply and demand in a market maximizes the total benefits to buyers and sellers of participating in that market.16. Efficiency is related to the size of the economic pie, whereas equality is related to how the pie gets sliced and distributed.17. When markets fail, public policy can potentially remedy the problem and increase economic efficiency.18. As the size of a tax increases, the government's tax revenue rises, then falls.19.Because the supply of land is perfectly elastic, the deadweight loss of a tax on land is very large.20.In principle, trade can make a nation better off, because the gains to the winners exceed the losses to the losers.21. If a tariff is placed on watches, the price of both domestic and imported watches will rise by the amount of the tariff.22. When a country that imports shoes imposes a tariff on shoes, buyers of shoes in that country become worse off.23. A verage total cost reveals how much total cost will change as the firm alters its level of production.24. Economies of scale often arise because higher production levels allow specialization among workers.25. If long-run average total cost is rising, then the firm is experiencing economies of scale.26. The shape of the marginal cost curve tells a producer something about the marginal product of her workers.27. A firm operating in a perfectly competitive industry will shut down in the short run but earn losses if the market price is less than that firm’s average variable cost.28. A firm will shut down in the short run if revenue is not sufficient to cover all of its fixed costs of production.29. The marginal firm in a competitive market will earn zero economic profit in the long run.30. Copyrights and patents are examples of barriers to entry that afford firms monopoly pricing powers.31. Like competitive firms, monopolies choose to produce a quantity in which margi nal revenue equals marginal cost.32. For a profit-maximizing firm in a monopolistically competitive market, when price is equal to average total cost, price must lie above marginal cost.33. A firm in a monopolistically competitive market can earn both short-run and long-run profits.34. When a firm in a monopolistically competitive market earns zero economic profit, its product price must equal marginal cost.35. As the number of firms in an oligopoly becomes very large, the price effect disappears.36. If two players engaged in a prisoner’s dilemma game are likely to repeat the game, they are more likely to cooperate than if they play the game only once.二、Multiple Choice1. In most societies, resources are allocated byA a single central planner.b B a small number of central planners.c C those firms that use resources to provide goods and services.d D the combined actions of millions of households and firms.2. Sophia is planning her activities for a hot summer day. She would like to go tothe local swimming pool and see the latest blockbuster movie, but because she can only get tickets to the movie for the same time that the pool is open she can only choose one activity. This illustrates the basic principle thata A people respond to incentives.b B rational people think at the margin.c C people face tradeoffs.d D improvements in efficiency sometimes come at the expense ofequality.3. The opportunity cost of obtaining more of one good is shown on the productionpossibilities frontier as thea A amount of the other good that must be given up.b B market price of the additional amount produced.c C amount of resources that must be devoted to its production.d D number of dollars that must be spent to produce it.4. When economists make normative statements, they area A speaking as scientists.b B speaking as policy advisers.c C making claims about how the world is.d D revealing that they are very liberal in their views of how the worldworks.5. What must be given up to obtain an item is calleda A out-of-pocket cost.b B comparative worth.c C opportunity cost.d D absolute value.6. Suppose that a worker in Boatland can produce either 5 units of wheat or 25units of fish per year, and a worker in Farmland can produce either 25 units of wheat or 5 units of fish per year. There are 30 workers in each country. No trade occurs between the two countries. Boatland produces and consumes 75 units of wheat and 375 units of fish per year while Farmland produces andconsumes 375 units of wheat and 75 units of fish per year. If trade were tooccur, Boatland would trade 90 units of fish to Farmland in exchange for 80units of wheat. If Boatland now completely specializes in fish production, how many units of fish could it now consume along with the 80 units of importedwheat?a A 490 unitsb B 500 unitsc C 610 unitsd D 660 units7. The opportunity cost of an item isa A the number of hours that one must work in order to buy one unit ofthe item.b B what you give up to get that item.c C always less than the dollar value of the item.d D always greater than the cost of producing the item.8. In a market economy, supply and demand are important because theya A play a critical role in the allocation of the economy’s scarceresources.b B determine how much of each good gets produced.c C can be used to predict the impact on the economy of variousevents and policies.d D ll of the above are correct.9. The supply of a good or service is determined bya A those who buy the good or service.b B the government.c C those who sell the good or service.d D both those who buy and those who sell the good or service.10. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market?a A Different sellers sell identical products.b B There are many sellers.c C Sellers must accept the price the market determines.d D All of the above are characteristics of a perfectly competitivemarket.11. The law of demand states that, other things equal,a A when the price of a good falls, the demand for the good rises.b B when the price of a good rises, the quantity demanded of the goodrises.c C when the price of a good rises, the demand for the good falls.d D when the price of a good falls, the quantity demanded of the goodrises.12 The price elasticity of demand measuresa A buyers’ responsiveness to a change in the price of a good.b B the extent to which demand increases as additional buyers enterthe market.c C how much more of a good consumers will demand when incomesrise.d D the movement along a supply curve when there is a change indemand.13. Which of the following statements about the price elasticity of demand iscorrect?a A The price elasticity of demand for a good measures the willingnessof buyers of the good to buy less of the good as its price increases.b B Price elasticity of demand reflects the many economic,psychological, and social forces that shape consumer tastes.c C Other things equal, if good x has close substitutes and good y doesnot have close substitutes, then the demand for good x will be more elasticthan the demand for good y.d D All of the above are correct.14. Minimum-wage laws dictatea A the exact wage that firms must pay workers.b B a maximum wage that firms may pay workers.c C a minimum wage that firms may pay workers.d D a minimum wage and a maximum wage that firms may payworkers.15. If a price ceiling is not binding, thena A the equilibrium price is above the price ceiling.b B the equilibrium price is below the price ceiling.c C it has no legal enforcement mechanism.d D More than one of the above is correct.16. Willingness to paya A measures the value that a buyer places on a good.b B is the amount a seller actually receives for a good minus theminimum amount the seller is willing to accept.c C is the maximum amount a buyer is willing to pay minus theminimum amount a seller is willing to accept.d D is the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the amountthe buyer actually pays for it.17. A demand curve reflects each of the following except thea A willingness to pay of all buyers in the market.b B value each buyer in the market places on the good.c C highest price buyers are willing to pay for each quantity.d D ability of buyers to obtain the quantity they desire.18. What happens to the total surplus in a market when the government imposes atax?a A Total surplus increases by the amount of the tax.b B Total surplus increases but by less than the amount of the tax.c C Total surplus decreases.d D Total surplus is unaffected by the tax.19. To measure the gains and losses from a tax on a good, economists use the toolsofa A macroeconomics.b B welfare economics.c C international-trade theory.d D circular-flow analysis.20. A tax on a gooda A gives buyers an incentive to buy more of the good than theyotherwise would buy.b B gives sellers an incentive to produce less of the good than theyotherwise would produce.c C creates a benefit to the government, the size of which exceeds theloss in surplus to buyers and sellers.d D All of the above are correct.21. Suppose Scotland goes from being an isolated country to being an exporter ofwool. As a result,a A consumer surplus of Scottish consumers of wool increases.b B producer surplus of Scottish producers of wool increases.c C total surplus of Scottish wool consumers and producers remainsconstant.d D it is reasonable to infer that other countries have a comparativeadvantage over Scotland in wool production.22. After a country goes from disallowing trade in coffee with other countries toallowing trade in coffee with other countries,a A the domestic price of coffee will be greater than the world price ofcoffee.b B the domestic price of coffee will be lower than the world price ofcoffee.c C the domestic price of coffee will equal the world price of coffee.d D The world price of coffee does not matter; the domestic price ofcoffee prevails.23. Which of the following costs do not vary with the amount of output a firmproduces?a A average fixed costsb B fixed costs and average fixed costsc C marginal costs and average fixed costsd D fixed costs24. If a firm produces nothing, which of the following costs will be zero?a A total costb B fixed costc C opportunity costd D variable cost25. When firms are said to be price takers, it implies that if a firm raises its price,a A buyers will go elsewhere.b B buyers will pay the higher price in the short run.c C competitors will also raise their prices.d D firms in the industry will exercise market power.26. Suppose a firm operates in the short run at a price above its average total costof production. In the long run the firm should expecta A new firms to enter the market.b B the market price to fall.c C its profits to fall.d D All of the above are correct.27. A monopoly market is characterized bya A many buyers and sellers.b B “natural” products.c C barriers to entry.d D a Nash equilibrium.28. A firm that is the sole seller of a product without close substitutes isa A perfectly competitive.b B monopolistically competitive.c C an oligopolist.d C a monopolist.29. Sizable economic profits can persist over time under monopoly if themonopolista A produces that output where average total cost is at a maximum.b B is protected by barriers to entry.c C operates as a price taker rather than a price maker.d D realizes revenues that exceed variable costs.30. A monopolistically competitive market has characteristics that are similar toa A a monopoly only.b B a competitive firm only.c C both a monopoly and a competitive firm.d D neither a monopoly nor a competitive firm.31. In monopolistically competitive markets, free entry and exit suggests thata A the market structure will eventually be characterized by perfectcompetition in the long run.b B all firms earn zero economic profits in the long run.c C some firms will be able to earn economic profits in the long run.d D some firms will be forced to incur economic losses in the long run.32. When a firm's demand curve is tangent to its average total cost curve, thea A firm's economic profit is zero.b B firm may be earning economic profits.c C firm must be operating at its efficient scale.d D Both a and c are correct.33. An oligopoly would tend to restrict output and drive up price ifa A barriers to entering the industry are negligible.b B firms engage in informative advertising.c C firms produce a standardized product.d D firms collude and behave like a monopoly.34. The prisoners' dilemma provides insights into thea A difficulty of maintaining cooperation.b B benefits of avoiding cooperation.c C benefits of government ownership of monopoly.d D ease with which oligopoly firms maintain high prices.35. In a two-person repeated game, a tit-for-tat strategy starts witha A cooperation and then each player mimics the other player's lastmove.b B cooperation and then each player is unresponsive to the strategicmoves of the other player.c C noncooperation and then each player pursues his or her ownself-interest.d D noncooperation and then each player cooperates when the otherplayer demonstrates a desire for the cooperative solution.36. We know that people tend to overuse common resources. This problem canbe viewed as an example ofa A a game in which the players succeed in reaching the cooperativeoutcome.b B the prisoners’ d ilemma.c C a situation to which game theory does not apply because of a lackof strategic thinking.d D a situation to which game theory does not apply because of toomany decision-makers.答案：一、1-5 FFTTF 6-10 TFFFF 11-15 FFFFT 16-20 TTTFT 21-25 TTFTF 26-30 TTFTT 31 -36 TTFFTT二、1-5 DCABC 6-10 DBDCD 11-15 DADCB 16-20 ADCBB21-25DCDDA 26-30 DCDBC 31-36 BADAAB。