微技能24 完形填空之换位思考策略-2021年高考英语提分策略之语篇分析微技能【学科网名师堂】 (共14张PPT)
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2021届全国新高考英语冲刺复习完形填空解题思路与四步征服技巧完形填空题除考查词汇、语法等语言知识和运用能力之外,在一定程度上也考查高三学生阅读、理解英语短文并用来进行逻辑推理、综合判断、分析归纳的能力。
因此,高三英语学习除了具备一定的阅读理解能力,还应掌握一定的答题方法和技巧。
这样才能使自己在处理完形填空题上,取得满意的效果。
1、阅读技能与试题设计《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》明确提出“高中阶段要着重提高学生用英语获取信息和处理信息,分析问题和解决问题的能力”,这就要求学生要不断地提高相应的阅读技能。
新课标规定的阅读技能测试要点如下:1. 理解主旨大意;2. 寻读具体信息;3. 理解细节;4. 根据上下文提供语境推测生词词义,进而加深对文段的理解;5. 简单的判断和推理;6. 理解文段的基本逻辑结构;7. 理解作者的意图和态度;8. 理解文段的文化信息。
测试方式共有11种,而其中的完形填空也是历届高考必有的题型之一,所占分值比例较大,并且由于在试卷中所处的位置较前,因此如何能在短时间内更好的完成这类试题对考生的影响较大:完形填空做得好,则考生对后面的试题就越有信心。
2、完形填空应试技巧应试技巧一:语境信息解题法:近几年的完形填空题淡化了语法结构性的题,选项重在语意干扰,也就是说,对具体的语言知识应该融入具体的语境中去考虑,考生应具有通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫,对篇章进行整体上的把握的能力。
所以,快速浏览全文,迅速领悟篇章主旨,通过上下文语境选择答案选项乃解决完形填空的关键。
应试技巧二:语法结构法:高考完形填空题基本都是在语境中考查考生对语法知识的掌握程度,单纯考查这类题很少。
而在完形填空题中考察语法项目的主要是动词的各种时态、语态和语气、谓语和非谓语形式等。
所以这类题需要考生有较为扎实的语法基础知识,能够从句式的结构上辨别出须填相关的关联词、连词、副词、形容词或相应的动词,当然还要考虑到主谓一致的关系等语法知识要点。
2021届高考英语完型填空解题技巧讲解与训练一:题型考查趋势1.选材特点:以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主;短文一般按照时间线索行文,内部逻辑清晰,层次分明。
2.素养考查:选材内容来源于真实生活,平淡叙述中流露人间真情,体现出理性思维、人文情怀、参与社会等中学生应该具备的人文素养。
3.设题特点:考查词性更加集中,以实词为主,动词占据了半壁江山。
对虚词的考查减少到几乎没有。
这说明更加注重对文章语境的理解和把握。
二:解题思路做完形填空题切忌边看边选,因为这样解题容易脱离上下文孤立地看句子,从而产生不必要的失误,应遵循以下三个步骤:一、带空通读,把握大意这样做的目的是要从整体上了解文章大致信息,弄清楚中心思想。
不可在没弄清后文内容的情况下见空就填,只见树木不见森林。
提前通读全文,才能全局在胸,熟悉脉络,理清思路,获得整体印象,使思维朝着正确的方向发展。
二、斟词酌句,初选试填要注意所选的答案填入空白处后,整个句子语法结构(词性、语态、语气、时态)是否合理;其次,看语义是否通顺,上下文是否连贯、呼应;如果几个选项填入空白处,结构和语义没有问题,那么就要从逻辑或其他角度上看哪个选项填入最为合理。
同时,要特别注意词组、习语和句型的积累、同义词的辨析以及生活常识的运用。
具体解题操作需注意以下几点:1.跳读首尾句进行预测一般来讲,高中英语完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。
先跳读这两句,便可判断体裁,猜想它要讲什么。
若首句交代了when,where,who,what,即四个W,那么就是记叙文,很可能就是一个故事,为了测试语篇的理解能力,出题者特别注意选材的趣味性,其结尾往往出人意料,耐人寻味。
若首句是提出或解释说明某事物,一般来说是说明文。
若首句提出一个论点,那么就是议论文。
首句往往开宗明义,是文章的主题。
细读首句可启示全文。
而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。
所以,它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口,对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。
2021高考英语完形填空解题步骤及突破技巧一、完型填空题的核心是:四项的辨析。
如果只是从语法层面上考虑,四个选项都是对的,但是,通过篇章整体分析,就只有一个是所设空格的最佳答案。
二、关联关系:透视文章的因果关系、同类(并列)、类属、转折等关系,有助于文章的难度降低。
Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. "I can’t hear a word!" I said angrily. It’s none of your business," the young man said rudely. ’This is a private conversation!’Last week I went to the theatre. (And并列关系) I had a very good seat. (And并列关系)The play was very interesting. (But转折关系) I did not enjoy it. (Because因果关系) A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. (And并列关系) They were talking loudly. (So因果关系) I got very angry. (Because因果关系) I could not hear the actors. (Therefore因果关系) I turned round. (And) I looked at the man and the woman angrily. (But转折关系) They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. (So/Therefore,因果关系)I turned round again. (And并列关系)I can’t hear a word!’ I said angrily. (But/However,转折关系)It’s none of your business,’ the young man said rudely. ’This is a private conversation!’Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very _____ seat. And The play was very interesting. But I ______(enjoy) it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. So I got very_______. I could not hear the actors. Therefore I________(turn+adv), and looked at the man and the woman angrily. But they ________(pay) any attention.根据考试大纲,完型填空满分占150分的20%。
【高中英语】2021高考英语备考指导:各部分解题策略与技巧摘要:为了帮助考生们了解高考信息,分享了2021高考英语备考指导,供您参考!单项选择解题可为三步法:第一步:理解语境,推敲语义。
第二步:化繁为简,锁定考点。
第三步:寻找题眼,排除干扰项,确定答案。
除了经常用到的直接法和排除法,以下两种解题方法在答单项选择题时非常有效:还原法:把题干还原为自己熟悉的结构,如将感叹句、倒装句、疑问句的题干改为陈述句,将被动句改为主动句,将强调句式、从句、插入语去掉,或者是将省略句补全;类推法:如对题目的备选答案没有把握,利用“如果 A 对,那么 B 也对”进行判断和推理,排除 A、B 两个选项。
要注意语境,利用信息,适当分析句子结构,特别注意疑问句、感叹句、定语从句中的句子成分还原;选定答案后尽量不琢磨,不轻易改动所选答案;注意这部分一定不要花过多的时间,尽量以 30 秒一题的速度答题。
完形填空完形填空的短文通常没有标题,且文章的首句和尾句一般不设空,要特别注重对首、尾句的理解,因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题,对理解全文有较大帮助。
第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容,弄不清头绪,这是很正常的。
此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理,应稳定情绪,再将短文读一、二遍,直到明确大意为止。
做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案,这样往往只见树木不见森林。
由于缺乏全局观念,极易导致连续选错。
因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空,其空白处是位于一篇文章之中,因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。
每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主,所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的,其他三项均为干扰项。
而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配,即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定,还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。
动笔时先易后难,先完成容易、有把握的答案,这样可以增强自信心,然后再集中精力解决难点。
对于实在无法确定的,可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示,大胆地作出猜测。
经验分享高考英语完形填空题怎么提分高考英语完形填空题怎么提分1.充分利用首句信息完形填空题首句往往不设空,往往是全文的关键句,或者称为主导句,要充分利用完形填空题首句的提示作用,利用它为解题找到一个突破口,从而展开思维。
2.多角度的逻辑推理完形填空题的解题过程首先是一个阅读的过程,必须把握作者的思路,通过联想、推测等方法,多换角度去思考问题,使自己的思维模式与作者的思维模式相吻合。
3.从上下文寻找线索通读全文,理顺大意,根据上下文找出信息词是做好完形填空题的关键。
近年高考试题逐渐摈弃单纯的语言分析考查,而越来越侧重逻辑推理判断。
就空格而言,体现了以实词为主、虚词为辅的特点,而且几乎不暴露明显的语言错误,词语在特定的语境中所表达的陷含信息大都无法只凭字面或单从个别句子甚至若干句子的表面理解获知。
因此,只有借助于上下文乃至全文语境的启示或限定才能够准确作出判断。
高考英语听力考试方法听力对很多同学来说是容易丢分的项目,但是对于想拿高分的同学来说是必须拿下的项目。
听力的第一部分只读一遍,但是也比较简单,同学们在拿到卷子的时候,应该在填好基本信息之后,迅速看一遍听力的问题,尤其是只读一遍的第一节。
第二节难度加大,读两遍,同学们第一遍听,选出选项,第二遍的时候注意一定要检查,甄别自己选的是不是干扰项。
想得高分的同学一定要做到听力不丢分。
高考英语七选五阅读题怎么答1. 略读*抓大意以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览*的大小标题、首段、每段的首句,以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分,以了解*的基本结构和内容大意。
事实上,一般只需花5~10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。
2. 重点阅读上下句因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺,解题时大多只看上句,或只看下句,就可基本确定答案。
事实上,如果没有时间来得及通读或细读,或者基础不够扎实即使读也读不懂,建议通过以下技巧,也基本上可以得满分。
高考英语完形填空提分技巧完形填空是在完整语意的短文中有目标性和目的地留下一些空白,然后让信息链的中断,让考生在理解短文的基础上,运用自己所学知识和常识,对每个题的选项做出合理的判断和分析,然后选出正确答案,使文章主旨鲜明,文意畅达,逻辑严密。
合肥英语培训学校说做好完形填空,要实的基础知识以及快速阅读和理解的能力,而且还需要良好的心理素质和思维品质也至关重要。
有些考生虽然具有一定的基础,但完形填空题的得分却总不尽如人意。
1. 不善于抓文章的主旨大意,以此为中心展开对整篇文章的推理、判断,导致理解上出现偏差,甚至与文章的中心相悖。
2. 容易受定势思维的干扰,对文意分析不透,忽视特定语境中英语知识的运用。
一般怎样才能提高做完形填空的正确率呢?我们应该从三个方面入手训练思维能力和解题技巧:抓准主旨、透析文意、理清逻辑。
并在做题的过程中把这三方面与做完形填空的三大步骤“浏览、细读和验证”做到有机结合,明确每一步思维的主攻方向。
一、通览全文,抓准主旨有的同学老是想"一步到位",或是原文设置空格所造成的理解障碍,担心通读文章时不但抓不住大意反而浪费时间,未通览全文即边读边填,结果是就句论句,无法形成连贯的思路,或“见木不见林”,理解偏离文章的中心,欲速则不达。
这样首先要克服不良心理,全神贯注,满怀信心,目光越过空格,注重把握文章的整体内容,和一些关键词句。
开始阅读时可能会有模模糊糊,这样千万不可半途而废;再往下读,文意会逐渐显露,读完全文心里往往会有"豁然开朗"之感。
要重视文章首句的作用,一般情况下,首句不设空格,这就为大家窥视文章全貌提供了一个“窗口”。
并且大家要给文章准确定位,不仅要重视文章的首句,有时注意一下文章的结尾,首尾联系起来,对文章的定位会更准确。
抓住文章的主旨大意后,考生围绕主旨大意去阅读、预测、推理、判断,往往会收到事半功倍的效果。
二、细读全文,透析文意在做完形填空题时,一看到一些自己比较熟悉的语法结构,如短语,句子等,并想都不想地就去选折,对特定的语境不去作深入的理解,导致“定势思维”错误。
基于语篇分析的完形填空微技能指导(一)教案课型:完型填空解题指导课年级:高三上课时长:45分钟一、主题语境:人与自我二、语篇分析因课时限制,本课的节选文段训练和完篇练习都只聚焦夹叙夹议文体,故事链和情感链相互对应,贯穿始终。
其中完篇训练选用了与生活学习和做人做事相关的题材,是一篇典型的夹叙夹议的文章(背景-故事-主题升华)。
内容贴近生活,通过一个母亲的视角,叙述了女儿Cathy在困难中坚持努力而获得赞赏的故事,以此来提升“最大的成功是不放弃的心”的这一主题,从而让读者思考生命的意义与价值。
空格设置合理,多数题目的设置必须利用语篇语境解题。
三、学情分析该班学生为高三年级理科班,比较活跃,总体英语基础较好,平时课堂学习配合度高,但学生刚进入一轮的复习,对完形填空题型的答题思路或策略可能还缺少系统的学习和训练,而且由于本节课是异地教学,学生是否能尽快熟悉老师的教学方式并融入课堂是一个很大的挑战。
四、学科核心素养目标1、语言能力学生通过对微技能的学习,能够基于语篇分析文章脉络来解释自己的答案,以此训练口语表达能力,同时在反复阅读剖析的过程中提升理解文本的语言能力。
2、思维品质学生在微技能的学习过程中,通过微语境的填空练习进行发散性思维训练,以及在思考语篇语境中对文本进行深层剖析,能有逻辑地表达自己的观点,解释答案以及理解错题,提高批判性思维能力。
3、文化意识学生在夹叙夹议的完形填空文章中,通过故事体会作者勇敢面对困难永不放弃的精神,增强自我意识,从而得到成长。
4、学习能力通过学生合作探究和自主学习,培养其团队合作精神以及思考能力,同时学习并掌握微技能,提高完形填空解题能力。
五、教学重难点如何在本节课让学生掌握完形填空解题微技能并进行实际应用,懂得通过分析语篇语境、把握文章脉络及抓住文章故事线和情感线来辅助答题。
六、教学过程Step One Leading inStep Two Learning & PractisingI. Cooperative Inquiry1. Ask the students to finish an excerpted cloze exercise and cooperate to find the context of a narrative and argumentative article;2. Summarize and present the micro skill.II. Applying practiceAsk the students to finish a second excerpted cloze exercise by applying the micro skill.III. Improving practiceAsk the students to work in groups to do a third excerpted cloze exercise with no options given and discuss about possible words in the blanks with the help of the micro skill.IV. Consolidating practiceAsk the students to apply the micro skill to a complete cloze test and try to explain the answers according to the context of the passage.Step Three SummarySummarize the micro skill learned in this period.Step Four Homework1. Accumulate useful expressions in the practiced exercises today;2. Finish the Cloze Test of English Weekly (7th) applying the micro skill learned today.基于语篇分析的完形填空微技能指导(一)学案Learning aim1. To learn a micro skill to finish Cloze Test especially of the articles of Narrative andargumentative style;2. To improve English thinking ability and cooperative spirit in learning activities.Learning processI. Cooperative InquiryI climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was 1 and the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad 2 a step and fell, sending my new suitcase 3 down the stairs.( ) 1. A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired( ) 2. A. took B. minded C. missed D. picked( ) 3. A. rolling B. passing C. dropping D. turning Micro skill: The context of Narrative and argumentative articles ContextII. Applying practiceTwo weeks earlier , my son, Ben, had got in touch. He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d 1 seen him. So imagine my2 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me. I was3 ! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet.( ) 1. A. also B. often C. even D. last( ) 2. A. delight B. relief C. anger D. worry( ) 3. A. scared B. shocked C. thrilled D. ashamed III. Improving practiceMy ten-year-old was growing and changing right before my eyes, into this52 human being with a passion and a mission. There were moments of 53 of course: often she would be the last swimmer in the race. It was difficult for Cathy to accept that she wasn’t a 54 ever. But that didn’t stop her from trying.IV. Consolidation practiceThe journey my daughter Cathy has had with her swimming is as long as it is beautiful.Cathy suffered some terrible 41 in her early childhood. After years of regular treatment, she 42 became healthy.Two years ago, while Cathy was watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head—to be a swimmer. Last summer, she wanted to 43 our local swim team. She practiced hard and finally 44 it. The team practice, 45 , was a rough start. She coughed and choked and could hardly 46 her first few weeks. Hearing her coughing bitterly one night, I decided to 47 her from it all. But Cathy woke me up early next morning, wearing her swimsuit 48 to go! I told her she shouldn’t swim after a whole night’s coughing, bu t she refused to 49 and insisted she go.From that day on, Cathy kept swimming and didn’t 50 a single practice. She had a 51 intention within herself to be the best she could be. My ten-year-old was growing and changing right before my eyes, into this 52 human being with a passion and a mission. There were moments of 53 of course: often she would be the last swimmer in the race. It was difficult for Cathy to accept that she wasn’t a 54 ever. But that didn’t stop her from trying.Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year. Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to 55 her friends and praise their accomplishments. As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head coach 56 , “The highest honor goe s to Cathy!” Looking around, he continued, “Cathy has inspired us with her 57 and enthusiasm. 58 skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart.”It was the greatest 59 of my daughter’s life. With all she had been 60 in her ten years, this was the hour of true triumph(成功).41. A. failure B. pressure C. loss D. illness42. A. usually B. finally C. firstly D. frequently43. A. improve B. train C. join D. contact44. A. increased B. found C. created D. made45. A. however B. therefore C. otherwise D. instead46. A. use B. survive C. save D. waste47. A. pull B. tell C. hide D. fire48. A. afraid B. nervous C. ready D. free49. A. take off B. set off C. give up D. show up50. A. attend B. miss C. ban D. Start51. A. rich B. weak C. firm D. kind52. A. trusted B. determined C. experienced D. embarrassed53. A. frustration B. delight C. excitement D. surprise54. A. beginner B. learner C. partner D. winner55. A. cheer on B. compete with C. respond to D. run after56. A. admitting B. explaining C. announcing D. whispering57. A. humor B. will C. honesty D. wisdom58. A. Although B. Since C. Once D. Because59. A. discovery B. choice C. influence D. moment60. A. through B. under C. across D. aroundV. Homework1. Accumulate useful expressions in the practiced exercises today;2. Finish the Cloze Test of English Weekly (7th) applying the micro skill learned today.。