《企业战略管理（双语）》B卷一、选择题（每题2分，共50分）1. What separates a powerful strategy from an ordinary or weak one isA) the ability of the strategy to keep the company profitable.B) management's ability to forge a series of moves, both in the marketplaceand internally, that produce sustainable competitive advantage.C) the speed with which it helps the company achieve its strategic vision.D) the proven ability of the strategy to generate maximum profits.E) whether it allows the company to take sales and market share away fromrivals.Answer: B Difficulty: Medium2. A winning strategy is one thatA) builds strategic fit, is socially responsible, and maximizes shareholderwealth.B) is highly profitable and boosts the company's market share.C) results in a company becoming the dominant industry leader.D) fits the company's internal and external situation, builds competitiveadvantage, and boosts company performance.E) can pass the ethical standards test, the strategic intent test, and theprofitability test.Answer: D Difficulty: Medium3. The rivalry among competing sellers tends to be less intense whenA) buyer switching costs are low.B) the costs of exiting the market are higher than the costs of new entry.C) industry rivals are not particularly aggressive or active in employing thevarious weapons of competition (a lower price, frequent introductions ofnew features or new models, new advertising campaigns, new customerservice features, and so on) to try to draw sales and market share awayfrom rivals.D) rivals have diverse strategies and objectives and are located in differentcountries.E) competitive rivalry is centered on non-price factors rather aggressiveefforts to sell at the lowest possible price.Answer: C Difficulty: Medium4. Managerial jobs with strategy-making responsibilityA) are found only at the vice-president level and above in most companies.B) are more common in profit-seeking organizations than in not-for-profitorganizations.C) are relatively rare because most strategy-making is done by the membersof a company's board of directors.D) seldom exist within a functional department (e.g., marketing and sales) orin an operating unit (a plant or a district office) because these levels of theorganization structure are well below the level where strategic decisionsare typically made.E) extend throughout the managerial ranks and exist in every part of acompany business units, operating divisions, functional departments,manufacturing plants, and sales districts.Answer: E Difficulty: Medium5. A company's strategic visionA) concerns "what approach should we take to implement and execute ourbusiness model?"B) provides an answer to "who are we, what do we do, and why are wehere?"C) is typically focused on a company's present business scope (its presentcapabilities, customer focus, activities, and business makeup) and whatneeds to be done to successfully outcompete rivals in the marketplace.D) addresses the issue of "where we are going and why."E) deals with "what should we do to make our strategy work as planned?"Answer: D Difficulty: Medium6. Functional strategiesA) add relevant detail to the overall business strategy by setting forth theactions, approaches, and practices to be employed in managingparticular functions or business process or key activities within a business.B) address the specific strategic issues and problems a business confronts.C) are normally crafted by the executive in charge of the overall business.D) are concerned with how to unify the firm's skills, competencies, andresource strengths.E) are normally crafted by the company's CEO and other senior executives.Answer: A Difficulty: Medium7. Successful differentiation allows a firm toA) be the industry's best-cost provider.B) be the industry's best quality provider.C) be the industry's most respected provider.D) command a premium price for its product and/or increase unit sales(because additional buyers are won over by the differentiating features),and/or gain buyer loyalty to its brand (because some buyers are stronglyattracted to the differentiating features).E) compete on the basis of a lower price than rivals.Answer: D Difficulty: Medium8. The strategy of a firm using a global strategy is likely to entailA) a narrow selection of models and styles, with each model/style focused onidentified international market niches.B) producing and marketing mostly standardized products worldwide, withsome customization where and when necessary.C) producing the company's products at numerous plants scattered around theworld.D) selling the company's products under a wide variety of brand names sothat buyers in each country market would think they are buying alocally-made brand.E) selling direct to buyers (usually via the company's website) to avoidhaving to establish networks of wholesale/retail dealers in each countrymarket.Answer: B Difficulty: Easy9. The difference between the concept of a company mission statement and theconcept of a strategic vision is thatA) a mission statement typically concerns a company's present business scopeand purpose whereas the principal concern of a strategic vision is with thecompany's long term direction and future business make-up.B) the mission is to make a profit, whereas the strategic vision is whatbusinesses to be in to try to make a profit.C) a mission statement deals with what to accomplish on behalf ofshareholders and a strategic vision concerns what to accomplish on behalfof customers.D) a mission concerns what to do to achieve short-run objectives and astrategic vision concerns what to do to achieve long-run performancetargets.E) a mission statement deals with "where we are headed " whereas a strategicvision provides the critical answer to "how will we get there?"Answer: A Difficulty: Medium10. A company strength can relate toA) its human, physical and/or organization assets, its competitive capabilities,an achievement or attribute that puts the company in a position of marketadvantage, or competitively valuable partnerships or alliances.B) having quick ability to move from one strategic group to another.C) the capabilities it has for shifting back and forth between one value chainand another, how often it does strategic cost analysis, and whether it doesbenchmarking better than its rivals.D) whether it has more collaborative partnerships and strategic alliances withother organizations than do its close rivals.E) having more shareholders than rival firms.Answer: A Difficulty: Medium11. A company's "macro-environment" refers toA) the immediate industry and competitive conditions with which it mustcontend.B) the global economic and competitive situation in which the company doesbusiness.C) all the relevant forces and factors outside a company'sboundaries general economic conditions, population demographics,societal values and lifestyles, technological factors, governmentallegislation and regulation, and the immediate industry and competitiveenvironment in which it operates.D) the nature of the competitive rivalry that exists between a company and itscompetitors.E) the dominant economic and business characteristics of a company'sindustry.Answer: C Difficulty: Easy12. The most popular strategy for entering new businesses and accomplishingdiversification isA) forming a joint venture with another company to enter the target industry.B) internal startup.C) acquisition of an existing business already in the chosen industry.D) forming a strategic alliance with another company to enter the targetindustry.E) strategic alliance and joint ventures are equally popular and rank wellahead of acquisition and internal start-up in frequency of use.Answer: C Difficulty: Easy13. The seriousness of the competitive threat of entry is greater whenA) incumbent firms are unable or unwilling to strongly contest the entry ofnewcomers.B) newcomers can expect to earn attractive profits and a number of outsidershave the expertise and resources to hurdle whatever entry barriers exist.C) entry barriers are relatively low and buyer demand for the product isgrowing fairly rapidly.D) existing industry members are looking to expand their market reach byentering product segments or geographic areas where they currently do nothave a presence.E) All of these conditions heighten the probability of fresh entry.Answer: E Difficulty: Easy14. The competitive force of substitute products tends to be stronger in a givenmarket whenA) the costs to buyers of switching over to the substitutes are low.B) buyers are relatively comfortable with using substitutes.C) the quality and performance of the substitutes is well matched to whatbuyers need to meet their requirements.D) buyers have low brand loyalty and do not experience high psychic costs insevering existing brand relationships and establishing new ones.E) All of these factors tend to enhance the competitive pressures fromsubstitute products.Answer: E Difficulty: Easy15. Business strategy, as distinct from corporate strategy, involvesA) deciding what the appropriate mission statements and strategic intentshould be for each functional area and operating department.B) forging an action plan for successfully competing in a particular line ofbusiness.C) deciding on the strategic intent for each of the different functional andoperating departments within the business.D) the ways to coordinate the competitive approaches of a company'sbusiness units having the same strategic intent.E) adapting the company's business model to the particular set of marketconditions prevailing in a given industry.Answer: B Difficulty: Medium16. The bargaining leverage of suppliers is greater whenA) there are no good substitutes for the items being furnished by the suppliersand the number of suppliers is relatively small.B) the costs of switching from one supplier to another are low.C) the buying firms purchase in large quantities and thus are importantcustomers of the suppliers.D) there is extensive seller-supplier collaboration.E) the supplier industry is composed of a large number of relatively smallsuppliers.Answer: A Difficulty: Medium17. A company's strategy is a "work in progress" because ofA) the ongoing need of company managers to develop new responses tosignificant new developments in the external environment.B) the need to imitate the new strategic moves of the industry leaders.C) the need to make regular adjustments in the company's strategic vision.D) a desire on the part of company managers to try out different things, keepthe strategy from growing stale respond, and avoid having employeesbecome bored with utilizing the same strategic approaches month aftermonth.E) management's needs to keep its entrepreneurial skills sharp.Answer: A Difficulty: Easy18. The bargaining power of an industry's customers tends to be weaker whenA) the number of buyers is small or if a customer is particularly important toa seller.B) buyer demand is growing slowly or maybe even declining.C) the costs incurred by buyers in switching to competing brands or tosubstitute products are relatively high.D) buyers purchase the item frequently and are well-informed about sellers'products, prices, and costs.E) the buyer group consists a few large buyers and the seller group consistsof numerous small firms.Answer: C Difficulty: Medium19. Crafting and executing strategy are top-priority managerial tasks becauseA) making managers and organizational members more alert to the winds ofchange, new opportunities, and threatening developments creates a moreproactive management posture.B) when the fives phases of the strategy-making, strategy-executing processdrive management's whole approach to managing the company, the oddsare much greater that the initiatives and activities of different divisionsand departments, managers, and work groups will be unified into acoordinated, cohesive effort.C) the strategic planning process forces managers all across the organizationto unify their decisions in support of the strategy.D) they push managers to be more proactive and avoid the complacency thatcomes from sitting back and waiting to react to emerging developments.E) they help management develop a better and less-risky business model andstrategic vision.Answer: B Difficulty: Medium20．Identifying and assessing a company's resource strengths and weaknesses and its external opportunities and threats is calledA) SWOT analysis.B) company situation analysis.C) competitive positioning analysis.D) strategic resource mapping.E) TOWS analysis.Answer: A Difficulty: Easy21. A low-cost leader's basis for competitive advantage isA) lower prices than rival firms.B) using a low cost/low price approach to gain the biggest market share.C) high buyer switching costs.D) meaningfully lower overall costs than competitors.E) a well-known reputation among buyers for charging the best prices in theindustry.Answer: D Difficulty: Medium22. In a diversified company, the strategy-making hierarchy consists ofA) corporate strategy and a group of business strategies (one for each line ofbusiness the corporation has diversified into).B) corporate strategy, business strategy, managerial strategy, and operatingstrategy.C) business strategies, functional strategies, and operating strategies.D) corporate strategy, business strategies, functional strategies, and operatingstrategies.E) diversification strategy, line of business strategies, and operatingstrategies.Answer: D Difficulty: Medium23. Strategic alliancesA) are essential in developing new technologies and getting new products tomarket quickly.B) are collaborative arrangements with other companies aimed at joiningforces to achieve mutually beneficial strategic outcomes.C) most effective in achieving greater supply chain efficiency.D) are a powerful way to capitalize on industry key success factors.E) help insulate a firm from the adverse impacts of industry drives forces.Answer: B Difficulty: Medium24. A company's value chainA) shows the linked set of primary and support activities it performs in thecourse of trying to deliver value to shareholders in the form of higherdividends and a higher stock price.B) depicts the internally performed activities associated with creating andenhancing the company's competitive assets.C) shows the linked set of primary and support activities it performs in thecourse of trying to deliver value to its customers.D) concerns the basic process the company goes through in performing R&Dand developing new products.E) consists of the series of steps a company goes through to develop a newproduct, get it produced and into the marketplace, and then start collectingrevenues and earning a profit.Answer: C Difficulty: Medium25. Which of the following is not one of the most frequently used strategic approaches to building competitive advantage?A) Striving to be the industry's low-cost provider, thereby aiming for acost-based competitive advantage.B) Outcompeting rivals based on such differentiating features as high quality,wide product selection, reliable performance, excellent service, attractivestyling, technological superiority, or exceptionally good value for themoney.C) Striving to be more profitable than rivals and aiming for a competitiveedge based on bigger profit margins.D) Focusing on a narrow market niche and winning a competitive edge bydoing a better job than rivals of satisfying the needs and tastes of buyerscomprising the niche.E) Developing expertise and resource strengths that give the companycompetitive capabilities that rivals can't easily imitate or trump withcapabilities of their own.Answer: C Difficulty: Medium二、简答题（每题8分，共40分）1. Identify and briefly describe any five of the major sources of entry barriers.参考答案：（1）在生产或运营领域存在规模经济；（2）存在与规模打消无关的成本及资源劣势；（3）品牌偏好与顾客忠诚；（4）资本需求；（5）分销渠道；（6）政策规则；（7）关税及国际贸易的限制。
