solaris操作系统

--Solaris 10是什么------------------提起Solaris，在人们印象中可能是这样一个场景：在拥挤阴暗的机房里，一个笨重的Sun SPARC服务器的屏幕上滚动着神秘的字符。

除了专门的服务器管理人员，没有人知道它在做什么。

对于大多数读者来说，Solaris有一副让人难以接近的冰冷的面孔。

而且，在这冰冷的面孔背后，还有不菲的价格。

所有这些，都让人不敢接近它，于是，Solaris成了深闺中的宠儿，神秘而娇嫩。

然而，随着Solaris 10的发布，“深闺中的宠儿”向大众走来，渴望技术人员能了解它、掌握它、使用它。

那么，Solaris到底是什么呢？简单地说，Solaris是一种操作系统。

通过计算机操作系统可以控制计算机，可以听音乐、玩游戏、上网聊天和看新闻，还可以在操作系统上开发游戏软件，搭建网站，为大家提供新闻服务。

在这个领域中，有读者熟悉的微软公司的Windows 操作系统，还有被众多自由软件爱好者喜爱的Linux操作系统。

而刚刚发布的Solaris 10到底能给我们带来些什么呢？首先，Solaris 10已经改变了冰冷的面孔，换了一副招人喜爱的样子。

Solaris 10的桌面已经窗口化和菜单化。

新的Java控制台界面使人感觉更加亲近和舒适。

在这里，用户可以通过单击图标来上网浏览和发送邮件，也可以打开StarSuite7写文档和其他应用程序。

这一切和微软的Windows非常相似。

有些读者可能知道，以前的Solaris只能安装在Sun公司的SPARC平台的计算机上，是无法安装在普通用户家中的计算机的。

但是，现在的Solaris 10拥有了专门针对普通用户计算机的x86版，它支持目前的大多数台式计算机，而且其安装界面可以选择中文，一般用户也可以轻松安装。

其次，在应用软件方面，Solaris 10不再是仅仅能运行服务器端的软件，还有大量的客户端的软件可以供桌面用户选择安装。

用户可以方便地使用系统自带的浏览器软件进行上网、发送邮件和文字处理。

Solaris 操作系统的备份与恢复对于UNIX 平台，一般的灾难恢复准备工作包括维护服务器配置的详细信息。

例如，在系统信息中，您需要保留用于备份和恢复的方法的打印件。

如果使用ufsdump 将操作系统备份到本地连接的磁带机上，则要保留的信息包括所有备份文件系统、文件系统的备份顺序，以及备份磁带、操作系统级别、修补程序级别、磁盘分区、文件系统布局、第三方驱动程序等信息。

Solaris 9 和10 操作系统发行版提供了一种新的安装功能，称为“ Flash 安装”。

通过Flash 安装，您可以在一个系统（称为“主系统”）上创建Solaris 操作系统的一个引用安装。

然后，可以在任意数量的系统（称为“克隆系统”，与主系统具有相同的体系结构）上复制该安装，将其作为新的安装。

虽然Flash 安装旨在克隆主计算机，但我进行了一些测试，发现Flash 安装对于灾难恢复也非常有用。

本文档介绍了我使用flar 命令备份系统，然后使用磁带上的备份恢复系统的过程。

本测试使用了磁盘系统为RSMArray 2000 的Sun Enterprise 4000 服务器，该服务器运行的是安装了最新簇修补程序的Solaris 8 操作系统。

其中有两个16 GB 的内部磁盘。

一个安装了原始操作系统，另一个用于测试操作系统的恢复。

计算机上连接了数字线性磁带（Digital Linear Tape, DLT） 7000 磁带机。

过程1. 创建归档之前，使计算机处于单用户模式。

执行此操作有两个原因：第一，虽然可以随时运行flarcreate ，但最好还是在系统不繁忙的情况下运行此命令。

第二，使用flarcreate 命令时，从归档中排除多个文件系统会遇到问题。

（可在Solaris 9 操作系统中找到一些解决此问题的修补程序。

）在单用户模式下，flarcreate 仅归档那些在mnttab 中具有条目的文件系统。

# init 0ok> boot -s2. 以超级用户身份登录。

Solaris操作系统是一个广泛使用的UNIX操作系统，它具有强大的功能和稳定的性能。

其中一个常用的工具是pkgadd，它是Solaris操作系统中用于安装软件包的命令。

在本文中，我将向您介绍pkgadd的用法和一些常见的操作。

首先，pkgadd命令用于将软件包安装到Solaris系统中。

安装软件包是管理系统和应用程序的重要步骤，因此了解pkgadd命令的用法对于系统管理员和开发人员来说至关重要。

要使用pkgadd命令，您需要先获取要安装的软件包。

这些软件包通常以.pkg文件的形式提供。

一旦您获得了软件包，您可以使用以下命令来安装它：pkgadd -d package_name在上述命令中，-d选项指定了要安装的软件包的路径或位置，package_name表示软件包的名称。

例如，如果您的软件包位于/opt/pkg目录下，并且名称为example.pkg，那么命令将是：pkgadd -d /opt/pkg/example.pkg在运行pkgadd命令之后，系统将提示您进行一些设置和确认。

您可以按照屏幕上的提示进行操作，例如选择安装目录、确认安装选项等。

一旦您完成了这些设置，系统将开始安装软件包。

另外，pkgadd命令还有一些常用的选项，可以根据您的需求进行使用。

以下是一些常见的选项：- s：指定软件包的存储位置。

例如，pkgadd -d /opt/pkg/example.pkg -s /var/spool/pkg，将软件包安装到/var/spool/pkg目录下。

- n：执行安装时不提示用户确认。

这在批量安装多个软件包时非常有用。

- v：显示详细的安装过程信息。

这对于调试和故障排除非常有帮助。

除了安装软件包，pkgadd命令还可以用于其他操作，如升级软件包、删除软件包等。

要升级软件包，可以使用以下命令：pkgadd -d package_name -u在上述命令中，-u选项表示升级软件包。

类似地，要删除软件包，可以使用以下命令：pkgrm package_name在这种情况下，pkgrm命令用于删除指定的软件包。

Solaris8操作系统安装说明：安装Solaris8前请确认：(1) 确认服务器的光驱可用。

(2) 确定工作站主机名（hostname）：工作站的主机名是一个字符串，例如：ZZNODE-TEST等，这个名字在安装过程中要用到。

(3) 获得工作站的IP地址和子网掩码：确认服务器所在网段是否属于一个子网，并获得当前服务器的IP地址和子网掩码。

如果有网关，还要获得工作站的网关IP地址。

这些信息在安装过程中要用到。

1. 打开Sun工作站电源开关，把Solaris 8安装光盘Software 1 of 2放进光驱内，出现开机画面时，按下<Stop+A>组合键（即按住<Stop>键的同时再按<A>键，<Stop>键位于Sun键盘的左上方），出现“OK”提示符后，输入“boot cdrom”并回车，系统将从光驱启动进行Solaris8操作系统的安装。

2. 首先出现安装程序的语言选项:Select a Language0. English1. French2. German3. Italian4. Japanese5. Korean6. Simplified Chinese7. Spanish8. Swedish9. Traditional ChinesePlease make a choice (0-9) , or press h or ? for help:选择 6 Simplified Chinese。

3. 然后出现Select a Locale的选项:Select a Locale0. Simplified Chinese EUC1. Simplified Chinese GBK2. Simplified Chinese UTF-83. Go Back to Previous ScreenPlease make a choice (0-3) , or press h or ? for help:选择0 Simplified Chinese EUC。

Oracle® Enterprise Manager Ops CenterUpdating Y our Oracle Solaris 11 Operating System12c Release 3 (12.3.0.0.0)E60020-01June 2015This guide provides an end-to-end example for how to use Oracle Enterprise ManagerOps Center.IntroductionOracle Solaris 11 uses a different update mechanism than earlier versions of theoperating system. Oracle Solaris 11 uses packages to update the operating system andany non-global zones. The packages are part of an Image Packaging System (IPS) thatis integrated with the ZFS file system. The ZFS integration automatically creates analternate boot environment every time an operating system is installed or updated.You can quickly and easily create an alternate boot environment when needed, andmanage existing boot environments. Creating an alternate boot environment providesa safe method of testing an update before deploying it to your live environment.The global zone is the default operating system and has control over all the processes.A global zone always exists even when no other zones are configured. The global zoneis used for systemwide administrative control. Non-global zones, or simply zones, areconfigured inside the global zone.You can patch zones that run on a supported configuration. When you update theglobal zone or the Oracle Solaris 11 operating system, depending on the IPS packagesetting, the non-global zones are also updated. If the package setting is to update thenon-global zones, then the non-global zones are also updated.A boot environment is created, whenever you update or make any changes to OracleSolaris 11 operating system.This example describes how you can update a boot environment by creating severalprofiles and plans and include them in a larger deployment plan to consistently applyupdates to Oracle Solaris 11 operating system.You will create a boot environment profile for Oracle Solaris 11 operating system, aprofile for updating Oracle Solaris 11, create a deployment plan for updating OracleSolaris 11 operating system, and then apply the deployment plan.See Related Articles and Resources for links to related information and articles.What You Will NeedYou will need the following to update an Oracle Solaris 11 operating system:■The operating system that is being updated must be agent-managed.■Enterprise Controller and a Proxy Controller installed on an Oracle Solaris 11operating system.■Oracle Solaris 11 Software Update Library must have latest packages.■An Update Admin and a Plan/Profile Admin role to create a Profile.Updating an Oracle Solaris 11 Operating SystemComplete the following actions to update your Oracle Solaris 11 operating system:■Create a Profile for Boot Environment for Oracle Solaris11 Operating System ■Create a Profile for Updating Oracle Solaris 11 Operating System■Create a Deployment Plan for Updating Oracle Solaris 11 Operating System ■Apply the Deployment Plan for Updating Oracle Solaris 11 Operating SystemCreate a Profile for Boot Environment for Oracle Solaris11 Operating SystemThe steps to create a profile for boot environment for Oracle Solaris 11 operating system are:1.Click Plan Management, then expand Profiles and Policies. Click BootEnvironments option.2.Click Create Profile from the Actions pane to start the Create Profile for BootEnvironments wizard. Enter the following information.■Name: Enter the name of the profile■Description: (Optional) Enter the description of the profile■Subtype: Select Solaris 11 for the subtype3.Click Next to specify the boot environment parameters. Enter the followinginformation.■BE Policy: Select Create a New Boot Environment when needed■Boot Environment Name: Select Auto-generate a unique Boot Environment name.Click Next to display the summary for the boot environment profile.4.Click Finish to create the profile for boot environment for Oracle Solaris 11operating system.After the profile is created, you can view the profile for the boot environment for Oracle Solaris 11 operating system in the center pane.Create a Profile for Updating Oracle Solaris 11 Operating SystemThe steps to create a profile for updating an Oracle Solaris 11 operating system are:1.Click Plan Management in the Navigation pane.2.Click Update Profiles under Profiles and Policies hierarchy.3.Click New Profile in the Actions pane to start the Create OS Update Profilewizard. Enter the following information.■Name: Enter the name of the profile■Type: Enter the type as Solaris 11■Description: (Optional) Enter the description of the profileUse the Search Criteria to search the category you want to upgrade. Click Upgrade icon.Click Create OS Update Profile to create the profile.After the profile is created, you can view the profile in the center pane.Create a Deployment Plan for Updating Oracle Solaris 11 Operating System The steps to create a deployment plan for updating an Oracle Solaris 11 operating system are.1.In the Navigation pane, under Plan Management, expand Deployment Plans.Click Update Solaris 11 OS option.2.Click Create Plan from Template in the Actions Pane.3.Enter a plan name and the plan description. Select the Failure Policy as Stop atfailure.4.Each step has a drop-down menu of available actions in the Associated Profiles /Deployment Plan field. On the Update OS step, select the profile that you have just defined, and then click Save.5.The created deployment plan now appears under the Deployment Plan branch ofPlan Management drawer of Navigation pane.Apply the Deployment Plan for Updating Oracle Solaris 11 Operating SystemAfter you create the deployment plan, you must select the target asset to run the deployment plan.1.Click Plan Management, then expand Deployment plans. Click Update Solaris 11OS.2.Select the deployment plan that you just created and click Apply DeploymentPlan in the Actions pane.The Select Target Assets window is displayed.3.Select the target assets and click Add to Target List. Select Apply the plan withminimal interaction and click Next.plan. Click Next.Mode and click Next to skip the Pre Install Script.6.Click Next to display the Create a Boot Environment Summary.7.Click Next to view the Update OS Summary.8.Click Next to Schedule the job. Select Now to execute the deployment plan on theselected target and click Apply.The job runs to execute the deployment plan.You can view the boot environment in the center pane.What’s Next?You can update an alternate boot environment by deploying a Software Deployment / Update deployment plan and selecting the alternate boot environment as the target. Related Articles and ResourcesFor more information on updating your Oracle Solaris 11 operating systems, see the following:The following chapters in the Oracle Enterprise Manager Configure Reference and Oracle Enterprise Manager Operate Reference contain more information:■Asset Management■Hardware Management■OS Provisioning■Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center Concepts Guide■Oracle Solaris 11 documentation at/technetwork/documentation/solaris-11-192991.html■For end-to-end examples, see the workflows and how to documentation in the library. For deployment tasks, go to /cd/E59957_01/nav/deploy.htm and for operate tasks go to/cd/E59957_01/nav/operate.htm. Documentation AccessibilityFor information about Oracle's commitment to accessibility, visit the Oracle Accessibility Program website at/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=docacc.Access to Oracle SupportOracle customers that have purchased support have access to electronic support through My Oracle Support. For information, visit/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=info or visit/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=trs if you are hearing impaired.Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center Updating Your Oracle Solaris 11 Operating System , 12c Release 3 (12.3.0.0.0)E60020-01Copyright © 2007, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. 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Introducing Predictive Self-HealingThe Solaris™ 10 Operating System (OS) introduces a new architecture for building anddeploying systems and services capable of Predictive Self-Healing. This technology enables Sun™ systems to accurately predict component failures and mitigate many serious problems —before they actually occur. Solaris Fault Manager and Solaris Service Manager are the two main components of Predictive Self-Healing. Solaris Fault Manager receives data relating to hardware and software errors and automatically diagnoses the underlying problem. Once diagnosed, Solaris Fault Manager automatically responds by offlining faulty components. Solaris Service Manager makes services, rather than processes, into first-class citizens, permitting automatic self-healing. Base Solaris services have service descriptions which include full dependency information for start, stop, and restart; applications can easily be converted to run under Solaris Service Manager.Maximizing availabilityPredictive Self-Healing is designed to maximize the availability of the system and application services by automatically diagnosing, isolating, and recovering from faults. This helps to not only reduce hardware failures but also to reduce the impact of application failures,leading to increased system and application availability. •Reducing Hardware Failures—A self-healing system automatically diagnoses problems, and the results can be used to trigger auto-mated reactions such as dynamically taking a CPU,regions of memory, and I/O devices off line before these components can cause system failures. Solaris Fault Manager isolates and disables faulty components, and helps ensure continuous service even before admin-istrators know there is a problem. In addition, remote service agents can retrieve informa-tion from Sun that is vital to diagnosing the underlying root cause of the failure. •Reducing the Impact of Service Failures—If an application service should fail, the built-in service restart mechanism in the Solaris 10 OS automatically restarts the application or service. This mechanism also extends into Sun Cluster software failover environments for even higher availability.Automatic diagnosis and recoveryfrom failuresWith Solaris Fault Manager, the system auto-matically diagnoses faulty components, a function that in some cases can reduce analysis time from days to seconds. Once diagnosed, the system can quickly take corrective action and automatically restore application services. This powerful technology ensures that business-critical applications and essential system services can continue uninterrupted in the event of software failures, major hardware component failures, and even software misconfiguration problems.<Highlights•Maximized system and serviceavailability through predictivediagnosis and isolation of faultycomponents•Automatic diagnosis of failedcomponents and automaticrestart of failed services inmilliseconds•Simplified administration modelfor managing services, reducingcost of ownership•Fast and easy repair of problemswith links to knowledge articles•Scalable architecture can berapidly upgraded and adapted tonew problems — without requiringdowntimeCustomers can now deliver higher levels of availability and application services while minimizing downtime and associated adminis-trative costs. Reduced downtime can potentially save companies $10,000 to $6 million per hour for mission-critical environments.Simplified administrationSolaris Service Manager reduces complexity by abstracting problem diagnosis and services in a manner that is transparent to users and applications. It simplifies common administrative tasks, speeds system boot, and significantly reduces human errors associated with system failures that can lead to service downtime and inefficient management of the system.Admin-istrative tasks such as enabling and disabling services and changing properties are simplified and secure, with an undo capability to revert changes. In addition, service information is stored in a central repository,making the systems easier to manage and maintain. Self-healing technology can also help improve the productivity of support staff. They can now spend much less time investigating and resolving issues,resulting in a higher ratio of supported systems per individual. Plus, a self-healing system can lead to reduced administration costs — systems that perform many complex tasks without user intervention require staff with less expertise, experience, and salary.Fast and easy repairSolaris Fault Manager issues easy-to-understand diagnosis messages that link to knowledge articles at /msg. By providing system administrators with unique event IDs, they can access detailed information in knowledge articles, which describe what failure occurred and what the system did to fix it. These knowl-edge articles guide system administrators through any tasks that require human interven-tion, including repairs, and explain predicted or detected problems using clear language and links to repair procedures and documentation —all of which greatly reduces the complexity of repairing the system.Scalable and flexible architectureThe scalable architecture of Sun’s Predictive Self-Healing technology can be rapidly evolved to new problems and updated as new diagnosis and availability technologies are added to the system. Most future updates can be dynamically loaded and unloaded from the system while it is running and can be upgraded on the fly without requiring downtime or losing previous diagnosis data.ConclusionWith businesses operating around the clock and demanding uninterrupted service, service availability is of paramount importance. Predictive Self-Healing delivers the next generation of availability technology today, including features that keep systems and services running and simple for administrators. Over time, a rapidly evolving ecosystem of self-healing components can help provide consistent, easy-to-use, and always-available Sun systems.©2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Solaris, the Solaris logo, and The Network is the Computer are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in theUnited States and other countries. Information subject to change without notice.11/05Sun Microsystems, Inc.4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA Phone 1-650-960-1300 or 1-800-555-9SUN Web 2。