中考英语语法专题详解五：形容词、副词

2023年中考英语语法笔记：形容词与副词形容词(Adjective)一．概念理解：用来修饰或描写名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、特征、状态的词，称为形容词，英语中常用adj,表示。

二．形容词的句法功能：形容词可在句中作定语、表语或宾/主语补足语等。

例：1).Beijing is a beautiful city.(定语)2).I’m very glad to meet you.(表语)3).We felt very excited at the exciting news.(表语；定语)4).The news made us happy. Who left the door open?We found it very interesting to read English novels. (宾语补足语)5).They were made angry by what he said. (主语补足语)** “the+形容词”表一类人或事物，可作主语或宾语例：1).The rich must help the poor. 2).The young have different ideas on it from the old.注意：1.少数形容词，如：little, live [laiv](活的), elder, eldest,only,wooden,woolen 等以及复合形容词(English-speaking,kind-hearted,man-made,take-away)等只能作定语，不能做表语。

例：1) It’s a nice little house.不说The house is little.但可说The house is small.2) Although old, he is still very much alive.(不用live)3) My brother is three years older than me.(不用elder)4) His eldest brother is a famous doctor.(不用oldest)5) New Zealand is an English-speaking country.2.少数形容词：afraid,awake,asleep,alive,alike,alone,ill,well,worth,glad,unable等只作表语，不做定语。

中考英语语法---形容词和副词一、形容词和副词用法形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词或形容词。

需要注意的是感官动词的后面用形容词，例如：look, taste, sound, smell, feel等。

1、形容词变副词，大部分的形容词加ly变副词。

如：形容词副词quick+ly quicklyslow+ly slowlyquiet+ly quietlyhappy+ly happilycareful+ly carefully注意：1）并不是以ly结尾的单词都是副词，名词+ly可变成形容词。

如：名词形容词friend + ly friendly 朋友般的love + ly lovely 可爱的sister + ly sisterly 姐妹般的2）有些名词+y可以变成形容词。

如：名词形容词rain + y rainy 下雨的snow + y snowy 下雪的cloud + y cloudy 阴天的salt + y salty 咸的sand + y sandy 有沙的fog + y foggy 雾的wind + y windy 有风的( ) 1.–What’s up, Simon? You didn’t look very____ .-- The customers always prefer Debbie ____ me. I can’t understand it.A. happily, withB. pleased, forC. happy, toD. happy, at( ) 2. "A ______ accident happened at 7:30 a.m." said the policeman _______.A. serious, seriousB. seriously, seriouslyC. seriously, seriousD. serious, seriously( ) 3. We love to go to the country in spring as the flowers smell so .A. wellB. niceC. wonderfullyD. nicely( ) 4.—Oh. I’m hungry. Mum, can I have the hamburger on the plate?—No. It tastes .A. terriblyB. terribleC. goodD. well( ) 5.—What do you think of your English teacher?—I love her. She is really . She always has a smile on her face.A. outgoingB. funnyC. friendlyD. serious( )6.---Why don’t you like pigs, Molly?---Because they are ______ .A. cuteB. uglyC. smartD. friendly2、副词区分a. late 与lately late意思是"晚"；lately 意思是"最近" 例如：You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?b. hard与hardly hard 表示努力地/的hardly表示―几乎不‖例如：he works hard. I can hardly finish it in a week.c. close与closely close意思是"近"；closely 意思是"仔细地" 例如：He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.d. deep与deeply deep意思是"深"表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地" 例如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the movie.e. high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much 例如The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.f. wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方" 例如：He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.( ) 1 Mingming got up very _______,so he came to school half an hour ______.te; latelyB. lately; lateC. lately; latelyD. late; late二、形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级1、形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。

形容词和副词的用法1.To learn the basic usage of adjectives and adverbs in this unit.2.To learn the comparative level of adjectives and adverbs in this unit3.Attract students’ interest to English learning.【考点1】形容词和副词的基本用法（一）形容词1. 形容词的用法及位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。

(1) 作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。

如：The nice girl is my sister.(2) 作表语，放在系动词之后。

如：He looks very happy.(3) 作宾补，放在宾语之前，常与make, leave, keep等动词连用。

如：You must keep your eyes closed.【即学即练】Paul stayed up late to watch the soccer game last night and now he feels very _____.（2016贵阳）A. sleepB. asleepC. sleepy答案：C2. 形容词的名词化某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，表示一类人，常见词有good/ bad/, rich/ poor, young/ old, black/ white等。

如：The young should be polite to the old.3. 形容词的顺序当名词由两个以上的形容词（包括一些具有形容词功能的限定词）修饰时，这些词的顺序通常遵循一定的规则，一般不得随意调换，也不能依照汉语的意思去排列。

通常可按下面的次序排列：(1) 限定词，包括：冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。

中考英语语法解析-形容词、副词考点【命题趋势与预测】形容词是用来修饰名词的词表示名词的属性，副词和形容词一样，在句中起修饰作用，所不同的是：形容词主要修饰名词；而副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子等。

对形容词、副词的考查是高考一项重要考查内容，考查的方向主要体现在以下几个方面：1. 形容词的用法；2. 副词的用法；3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法；4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。

【考点诠释】考点1:考查形容词、副词区别修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句子用副词,修饰连系动词、名词用形容词。

【考例1】Walk ,or we’ll be late for the meeting. (贵州毕节中考课改卷) A.slowly B. slow C. quickly D. quick解析：C 分析语境逻辑可知,该空表示“快速”,因此应排除A、B。

walk为行为动词,应用副词修饰,因此该空应填quickly。

【考例2】—Is someone hurt?—Yes, one is hurt, but not . (甘肃省中考题)A. badB. hardC. badlyD. much解析：C 分析语境逻辑和句子结构可知,该空表示“严重”,且修饰过去分词hurt,因此应填badly。

考点2:考查形容词、副词级的判别形容词、副词可分为原级、比较级和最高级。

原级用于描绘原形含义,常构成as…as结构;比较级用于两者之间进行比较,常用结构是形容词、副词比较级+than…;最高级用于三者或三者以上之间进行比较,常用结构是最高级+of/in…,其中of引出同类比较对象,in引出一定范围的比较对象。

形容词、副词比较等级的构成分规则变化和不规则变化两种。

【考例1】—He thinksof others than of himself.—That’s why everyone likes to make friends with him. (厦门市中考课改卷) A. much B. more C. little D. less解析：B 分析语境逻辑可知,前句表示“他替别人考虑比替自己考虑更多”,因此应填more。

形容词副词形容词1. 形容词的位置：1) 形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置：2) 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：3) 复合形容词的构成：II. 副词副词的分类：III. 形容词和副词比较等级：形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级,比较级和最高级。

比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。

1. 同级比较时常常用as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如：I am not so good a player as you are.2. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。

3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型。

如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。

如：I have never spent a more worrying day.5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。

如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。

五．介词I.介词分类：II. 常用介词区别：真题链接：1. -What do you think of working as a doctor?- It 's a good job to help people keep___________.A. busyB. strictC. healthyD. generous2. Julie takes good care of the family dog. She is_________________ than her brother. (2019.北京)A.patientB.more patientC.most patientD.the most patient3.More and more people have realized that clear water and green mountains are asas mountains of gold a and silver.A. centralB. specialC. valuable4. How ____ it rained yesterday! We had to cancel our football match.A heavily B. light C. heavy D. lightly5. —What do you think of the environment in your hometown?—It's . Both the air and the water are badly polluted.A. not badB. as good as beforeC. much better than beforeD.not as good as before6.Sam is 11 years old.Peter is 16 years old.Peter is 5 years____than Sam.A.olderB.shorterC.newerD.longer7.I could____control my feelings at the moment.The movie reminds me of my childhood.A.reallyB.nearlyC.slowlyD.hardly8. Fishing is one of ____ activities among the middle-aged people.A. popularB. more popularC. most popularD. the most popular9. A mobile phone with 5G can send videos much ____ than the one with 4G.A. FastB. fasterC. fastestD. the fastest10．Tea is one of_____drinks in the world．A．more popular B．the more popularC．most popular D．the most popular11．Wang Wei speaks English as_____as Yang Lan． They both study English hard．A．good B．well C．better D．best12．﹣Why is Mike so popular in your class？﹣﹣﹣Because he always tells jokes． He is ________．A．humorous B．polite C．honest D．friendly13．Why was Jim late for work this morning？﹣﹣﹣He got up late．A．nearly B．gradually C．hardly D．probably14．What do you think of the TV program The Reader？﹣﹣﹣Excellent． Many people are about it． They never miss it．A．nervous B．worried C．crazy D．angry15．Frank has changed a lot,hasn't he？﹣﹣﹣Yes． He is much because he exercises every day．A．strong B．strongerC．strongest D．the strongest16.--- You are singing to the plants!--- That’s true. I believe it helps them grow .A. slowerB. betterC. harder17. Peter studies ______________ of all the students in his class.A. hardB. harderC. hardest18. -Roy never likes junk food.-Neither do I. That's probably why I'm becoming ____________ now.A. healthy and healthyB. more and more healthilyC. weaker and weakerD. healthier and healthier19.Jane is very thirsty, so she needssomeA.waterB.breadC. cakesD. rice20.Does the dishtaste as as itlooks?A. wellB. bestC. goodD. better21.We should notgooutside, in such a terrible storm.A.probablyB. especiallyC.immediatelyD.exactly22．Does the dish taste as as it looks？A．well B．best C．good D．better23．We should not go outside, in such a terrible storm．A．Probably B．especiallyC．immediately D．exactly24．Mr. Black's speech is______．It helps us have a better understanding of life．A．silly B．awful C．excellent25．As students, we should go over lessons and do our homework______．A．carefully B．finally C．slowly26．Shanghai has a______population than that in many other cities．A．large B．larger C．largest27. The High Speed Rail is amazing. It makes travel_________A. easierB. harderC. higherD. slower28. Ken was_________ late for school. The bell rang right after he entered the classroom.A. stillB. alwaysC. alreadyD. almost29.More and more people agree that expressions such as “LOL” and “hahaha” are makingour speech more direct but interesting and creative.A.lessB. moreC. the leastD. the most30—You don’t like British breakfast, do you?—Not . I just need some time to get used to it.A. moreB. onlyC. trulyD. exactly31. Many tourists visit Longfeng Wetland (湿地) all year round.____ in summer.A. hardlyB. nearlyC. especiallyD.really32.----If there are ______ people driving ,there will be ______air pollution. ----Yes,and the air will be fresher.A.less :lessB. less;fewerC. fewer:fewerD.fewer ;less33.—what's the weather like in summer here？—It s hot. Sometimes it rains ____.A. clearlyB. heavilyC. carefully34. Learning is a lifelong journey because we can learn ____ every day.A. nothing new B new something C. something new35.Seeing a butterfly resting on a flower, the girl moved________ to have a look at it.A. quietlyB. easilyC. politely36. Bill says, “Robinson Crusoe is ________ interesting than Tom Sawyer.”A. very moreB. more muchC. much more37. Sally’s home is far from Fun Times Park, so she ________ walks there.A. seldomB. usuallyC. often38. —Mike plays the drums so wonderfully!—Of course. He is than any other students in his class.A. talentedB. more talentedC. less talentedD. the most talented39.一Do you know Hong Kong - Zhuhai - Macao Bridge（港珠澳大桥）-Yes ,it is____cross- sea bridge in the world.A. the longerB.longestC.the longestD.longer40. —Why not ask Bob to join us in the trip to the zoo tomorrow ?—Everyone in our group loves animals, but he always seems.A. anxiousB. personalC. cruelD. careless41—It is____cross—sea bridge in the wortd, linking Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao.A. longB. longerC.longestD.the longest42. 一How do you like this plan?A. Perfect.B. Terrible.C. MeaninglessD. Awful43. 一The young are always busy checking their mobile phones while getting together.一So it is. They should put down phones and have more talks, ________.A. stillB. tooC. eitherD. instead44. 一There will be no winner in the trade war between China and the US.一I agree. If we can't avoid it, the relationship will get ________as time goes on.A. badB. badlyC. worseD. worst 45．Of the two physics problems, Martha just finished ______ one.A．the most difficult B．the least difficult C．the less difficult46. -This T-shirt is a bit expensive for me-But this is _________one in our shop, sir.A. cheapB. cheaperC. the cheapest47. -Shaoyang has changed a lot in the past few years.-Yes. It is getting _________________.A. cleanB. cleanerC. cleanest48. Lin Tao, a student of Grade 9, is ________ boy in our school.A. tallB. tallerC. the tallest49. Tina isas ________ as her sister. Tara.）A. outgoingB. more outgoingC. the most outgoing50.- Can you give me some advice on how to be slimmer?- Eat __________ meat and ___________cakes.A. less; lessB. fewer; fewerC. less; fewerD. fewer; less51 Jim is watching a football match which is shown __________TV. Though he is not on thescene, he can still cheer for his team.A. livelyB. liveC. livingD. alive52. You must raise your hand if you have any questions in class._________, your teacher won’tnotice you.A. OtherwiseB. AnyhowC. InsteadD. Moreover53. In the library, students are required to keep ___________ and move ____________.（A. quiet; quietB. quiet; quietlyC. quietly; quietD. quietly; quietly54 While watching the film yesterday, I couldn't stop laughing at some __________moments.A. humorousB. challengingC. dangerousD. surprising55. —I hear people can pay for almost everything by ZHI FU BAO in China.—Actually. It’s that people often go shopping without taking any paper money.A. importantB. impossibleC. surprisingD. necessary56. —Would you like to go to the city and live with us, Granny?—Oh, dear, I’m used to the life in the country. I think life here isA. more comfortableB. less comfortableC. the most comfortableD. the least comfortable57. The flying squirrel might be one of __________ animals you could meet during the trip.A. strangeB. strangerC. strangestD. the strangest58. Could you speak in a loud voice so that I can hear you _______________?A. quicklyB. happilyC. slowlyD. clearly59. LeBron James is one of ___________ players in the NBA. He is my hero.A. betterB. the bestC. worseD. the worst60. Santaishan Forest Park is __________ beautiful that it has become a hot tourist attraction.A. soB. veryC. suchD. quite61. -How about the fruit salad?-Yummy! It tastes very _________. By the way, who made it?A. goodB. badC. wellD. badly62. In order to protect the environment, all the countries should work _________with each other.A. closeB. closelyC. nearD. nearly63. -I missed the film "The Wandering Earth"-What a pity! It is ______________ meaningful film that it is really worth seeing.A. such aB. soC. suchD. so a64. -Guess what? The university has accepted my application!-Wow! That’s __________ new I’ve heard this year, Boris! Let’s celebrate.A. a worseB. the worstC. a betterD. the best65. –Can you tell me when the Boeing 737 MAX planes will be allowed to fly again, sir?- I’m afraid it’s still _________to talk about that. We’ll see.A. later enoughB. early enoughC. too lateD. too early66. –You haven’t said a ___________word since last Friday. What’s wrong?-Nothing. Just leave me alone.A. simpleB. singleC. similarD. silent67. Peter spoke so __________ that I could hardly hear him.A. loudlyB. quietlyC. clearlyD. patiently68. - What do you think of the band’s performance?- It could be __________. I think they’re feeling very nervous.A. goodB. betterC. badD. worse69. —He is planning to walk on the wings of the a flying plane.—What? I have never heard of ______idea before.A crazier B. the crazier C. a creaziest D. the creaziest70. Frederick _______entered the final competition last month. His hobby has brought him _______.A. successful ; successB. successful ; successfullyC. successfully ; successD. successfully ; successful71. "Left-behind" children _________see their parents, because their parents work in the cities,leaving them behind in the countryside to be cared for by their grandparents.A. alwaysB. hardly everC. Often72. The artist is so ________ that he can’t make different changing pictures with sand.A. commonB. carelessC. creativeD. helpful73. –Confucius Institute (孔子学院) has been set up in many other countries.- Yes, Chinese is _______ spoken in those countries. I am proud of that as a Chinese.A. hardlyB. widelyC. neverD. seldom74. You need not only talent but also hard work to become a _________ football player.A. youngB. successfulC. happyD. friendly75. _________ say the English is too difficult for us to learn. We can learn it well with efforts.A. AlwaysB. SometimesC. SeldomD. Never76. The police are watching the suspect _____ for more clues which will help solve the case.A. clearlyB. highlyC. closelyD. heavily77. —Tan Dun does not use any musical instrument in his music Water.—That’s really amazing! He is so _____.A. energeticB. modestC. seriousD. creative78. Because of the flood, there are _________ tourists in that ancient town this year than last year.A. moreB. mostC. fewerD. fewest79. A black young man named Sheku Kanneh-Mason is _________ enough to show that people of colour can take on any challenge of classical music.A. modestB. humorousC. confidentD. curious80. Which of the following words can NOT be added the prefix "un-" to give it the opposite meaning?A. happyB. healthyC. usualD. polite81. -Tom speaks Chinese quite well now.- Yes, he has made ____________ progress in Chinese learning.A. commonB. simpleC. perfectD.rapid82. Not only Chinese kids but also western kids ______________ Journey to the West.A. are famous forB. are afraid ofC. are worried aboutD. are interested in83. Intelligent house furnishings(智能家居) am __________ used in people's homes these days.A. widelyB. luckilyC. softlyD.loudly84. The Greens like the quietness in the countryside. The city is too ______ for them.A. comfortableB.dangerousC. noisyD. perfect85. Mr. Liu _________ watches TV. He thinks watching TV is a waste of time.A. oftenB. seldomC. alwaysD. usually86.—Simon has been________ school for 2 days. What's wrong with him?—It's said that he has a cold.A. nervous aboutB. thirsty forC. absent fromD. worried about87．-What do you think of the TV program I'm a singer？-Great! I've never watched a ______ one．A．worse B．better C．bad D．good88.His grandfather did his best to keep the tree________,but it died in the end.A.aliveB.asleepC.absentD.awake89.Nelson__exercises because he has too much work every day.uallyB.alwaysC.oftenD.seldom90.Whenwereadapieceofnewsonline,we’dbettermakesureit’sbefore sending it to others. If not, we may spread something bad.A.trueB.specialC.strange91. --- Our motherland’s 70th birthday iscoming.- -- Great! We will hold many activities tocelebrateit .A.wiselyB.warmlyC.simply92. --- After the big exams, we can finally have a goodrelax.---How I a chance to have a chance to have a trip! I can’t wait.A. am worried aboutB. am thirsty forC. am good at93．As we know, its very difficult to live in a foreign country like the UK, the US and so on．﹣﹣I agree．_____ if you don't understand the local language．A．Especially B．Generally C．Naturally D．Exactly94．Maling's Chinese isn't so____as Wangming's．﹣﹣I know them very much, But now Maling studies____than Wangming does．A．good； harder B．good； hardC．better； harder D．better；better95．Anny, my mother never gets up late for my breakfast． What about your mother？﹣﹣My mother,____．Mothers in China do more for us children．A．too B．also C．either D．neither96. Taking a subway in Chengdu is much __________than taking a taxi.A. cheapB. cheaperC. cheapest97 — Mum, could you buy me a dress like this, please?— Of course. We can buy one than this, but it.A. a better; better thanB. a worse; as good asC. a cheaper; as good asD. a more important; not as good as98. -Who sings __________in your class?- Li Jing does.A. most beautifullyB. most beautifulC. more beautifullyD. more beautiful99. The we do for other people, the we will beA. much: happierB. more; happyC. more: happierD. most: happiest 100. Tom cannot run as ________as his friends, so he practices running very hard.A.FastB.FasterC.slowD.slower101. The PLA Navy(中国人民解放军海军) has been greatly helping keep world peace,As a Chinese. I am_________it.A.responsible forB.proud ofC.full ofD.known for102. The living room becomes ____________as the sunlight comes in through the windows.A. biggerB. cleanerC. quieterD. brighter 103. Betty felt so tired last night that she ____________ fell asleep in bed after lying down.A. recentlyB. suddenlyC. frequentlyD. immediately104. You’d better leave ____, or trouble will come to you.A. livelyB. friendlyC. heavilyD. quickly105. Nobody worked the math problem out. It was ____ one of all.A. easierB. the easiestC. more difficultD. the most difficult答案：1.CBCCD 6.BDBBD 11.BADCB 16.BCDAC 21.BCBCA 26.BADAD 31.CDBCA36.CABCC 41.DADCC 46.CBCAC 51.BABAC 56.ADDBA 61.ABADD 66.BBBAC71.BCBBD 76.CDCCD 81.DDABB 86.CBADA 91BBAAC 96.BCACA 101.BDDDD。