高考英语常见语法复习(6)

高考英语复习6.定语从句（语法）语法讲座：定语从句一、先行词、关系代词和关系副词1．先行词(antecedent)就是被定语从句所修饰的名词。

在英语中，定语从句跟在被修饰词之后，所以被修饰词就是“先行”的词。

2．连接定语从句，要用关系代词(relative pronoun)和关系副词(relative adverb)。

关系代词和关系副词与连接词不完全相同，因为它们除了连接主句和定语从句，还在定语从句中代替一定的成分。

二、关系代词1．who先行词是“人”，在从句中代替主语。

注意：代替从句中的主语，who不能省略。

who的单复数由先行词决定。

但是要注意“one of +先行词”与“the only one of +先行词”的情况。

2．whom先行词是“人”，在从句中代替宾语。

whom在从句中经常可以省略，但如果在介词后面，则不能省。

3．which先行词是“物”，在从句中可以代替主语或宾语。

which代替主语时，不能省略，它的单复数由先行词决定。

which 代替宾语时则经常省略，但如果在介词后面，那么也不能省略。

which的先行词有时还可以是前面的整个句子，这时它总是看成单数，也不能省略。

4．that先行词可以是“人”，也可以是“物”，在从句中可以代替主语或者宾语。

that代替主语时，不能省略，代替宾语时则经常省略。

that不能用在介词之后。

在以下三种情况时，我们一般不用关系代词who, whom, 和which，而只用that：1）先行词是不定代词如anything, something, all等词，或由all, every, little, any, much, the very 等词所修饰；2）先行词前有最高级形容词或序数词所修饰；3）先行词是由and连接的两个词，分别指“人”和“物”。

5．whose先行词可以是“人”，也可以是“物”，在从句中代替定语。

whose不能省略。

如果先行词是“物”，我们也可以用sth. of which代替whose。

专题06 高考英语语法填空——近十年各地高考语法真题汇编+名校模拟强化练习(原卷版)距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

2017-2016年高考真题组1(2017年，全国卷I I）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1. (crowd) on the roads above asthey travelled to and 2. work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road,3. (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over4. top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines 5. (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been6. (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7.every day.Later, engineers 8.(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the 9. (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 10. (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.(2017年，全国卷II I）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

语法复习六：状语从句由从句担任的状语，在句⼦中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句⼦，它可以⽤来表⽰时间、地点、原因、⽬的、结果、条件、⽅式、⽐较、让步等。

状语从句是⼀较⼤的语法项⽬，也是近⼏年⾼考题中常见的⼀个重要试点。

⾼考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、⽬的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后⾼考热点，应作充分准备。

同时对⽅式状语从句也应引起重视。

（⼀）时间状语从句表⽰时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner … than, hardly (scarcely) … when, every time等引导。

e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.He started as soon as he received the news.Once you see him, you will never forget him.No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.（⼆）原因状语从句原因状语从句是表⽰原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常⽤的连词是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表⽰因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语⽓不如because强。

e.g. He is disappointed because he didn't get the position.As it is raining, I will not go out.Now that you mention it, I do remember.（三）地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。

专题6语法填空之谓语动词距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

一．高考真题1.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected,2.（2022新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.3（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents4.（2022全国乙卷）The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society___________ (address) the opening ceremony.5（2022年浙江卷1月）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________（view）as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.6（2022年浙江卷1月）But Cobb and others ________ （be）now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.7（2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise）to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.8（2021新课标I卷）You can’t help wondering how hard it ___________（be）for the people then to put all those rocks into place.9（2021新课标II卷）Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _______________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.10（2021全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).11（2021全国甲卷）We ____________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.12（2021年浙江卷）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _________ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.13（2021年浙江卷） Mary's niece wrote, "The little home _________ （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.14（2021年浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ___________ （sell）most of their furniture.15（2021年浙江卷1月）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ___ ____ (consider) healthy.16（2021年浙江卷1月）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ____41____ (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men.17（2021年北京卷）As it ________ (connect) things，your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream．18（2021年北京卷）There ________(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, causing largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.19（2020新课标I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) —the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— __________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.20（2020新课标I卷）“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it __________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon __________ (construct)”.21（2020新课标II卷）This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers___________ (carry) special significance.22（2020新课标III卷）The artist was sure he would___________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.23（2020新课标III卷）When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___________ (point) down the river.24（2020山东卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,______ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.25（2020山东卷）The parts of a museum open to the public ______ (call) galleries or rooms.26（2020山东卷）Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ______ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.27（2020北京卷）Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He saysfood___ ___(play) a big role in his life.28（2020北京卷）Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times beforethey___ __(throw) away.29（2020北京卷）The Neanderthals___ ___（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago.30（2020浙江卷）And，as more children were born，more food ______(need).31（2020浙江卷）By about 6000 BC，people ______ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.32（2020浙江卷）This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with the rise of science，changes began. New methods __________ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.33（2020浙江卷1月）Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950______(be)30—today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050.34（2020浙江卷1月）However, greater attention should______(place)on longevity(长寿).35（2019新课标I卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements36（2019新课标I卷）Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ________ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.37（2019新课标II卷）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene ________（declare） she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.38（2019新课标II卷）I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _________（make） over the years.39（2019新课标III卷）Our hosts shared many of their experiences and __________ (recommend)wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.40（2019新课标III卷）On the last day of our week-long stay, we _________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars 41（2019浙江卷）When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody______(have) to worry about fashion(时尚).42（2019浙江卷）When the children are walking or ______(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.43（2019浙江卷）One study in America found that students’ grades______(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.44（2019北京卷）On the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ______(voice) my biggest concern to my mother.45（2019北京卷）Does the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question ______(suggest) that, for most students, it doesn’t.46（2018新课标I卷）While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it ____________ (be)more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.47（2018新课标II卷）Since 2011, the country __________(grow) more corn than rice.48（2018新课标II卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government _________ (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.49（2018新课标III卷）True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the hugeanimal __________(mean) me no real harm.50（2018浙江卷）I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ________(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.51（2018浙江卷）While regularly eating out seems to ________(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost.二．名校模拟真题（2022·山东·山东省实验中学校考三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

专题六非谓语动词考点精讲非谓语动词的形式及句法功能种类时态主动被动主语宾语宾补表语定语状语不定式一般式to doto bedone√√√√√√进行式to bedoing×完成式tohavedoneto havebeen done动名词一般式doingbeingdone√√×√√×完成式havingdonehavingbeen done分词现在一般式doingbeingdone××√√√√完成式havingdonehavingbeen done过去一般式done(vi. )表完成done(vt.)表被动与完成××√√√√考点一非谓语动词作定语1．动词不定式作定语(1)动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后 , 与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。

She is always the first to come and the last to leave.她总是第一个来 , 最后一个走。

(主谓关系)Have you got a letter to write?你有信要写吗？(动宾关系)特别提示 : 动词不定式既可用主动式也可用被动式 , 但其含义有所不同。

试比拟 : Do you have anything to send? (动作的执行者是〞你〞)你还邮寄什么东西吗？Do you have anything to be sent ？(动作的执行者是〞我〞或〞别人〞)你还有什么东西要(我或别人)去寄吗？(2)当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等修饰 , 且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时 , 常用动词不定式作定语。

He is the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最正确人选。

(3)当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时 , 常用不定式作后置定语 , 且不定式常用主动形式。

2022届大一轮复习小专题训练语法系列6.动词词义辨析高考动词主要考查1.词义辨析 2.习惯搭配 3.熟词新义 4.不及物动词1. Many companies are eager to sign a contract with Amanda, who has the potential to _____ a super star.A. remainB. growC. makeD. turn2. The workers ______ the glasses and marked on each box “This Side UP”.A. carriedB. deliveredC. pressedD. packed3. The new movie ______ to be one of the biggest moneymakers of all time.A. promisesB. agreesC. pretendsD. declines4. Your house is always so neat—how do you ______ it with three children?A. manageB. serveC. adaptD. construct5. Just as Professor Scott often _______ it, success is ninety nine percent mental attitude.A. getsB. makesC. putsD. means6. --Do you have enough to _____ all your daily expenses?--Oh yes, enough and to spare.A. coverB. spendC. fillD. offer7. One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to ________ healthy eating habits.A. growB. developC. increaseD. raise8. Words _____ me when I wanted to express my thanks to him. I just held his hands firmly, choking.A. leftB. encouragedC. remindedD. failed9. It is required that all traffic participants should the traffic rules to make traffic safer and faster.A. performB. observeC. supportD. possess10. When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______.A. injuredB. damagedC. harmedD. destroyed11. —Excuse me, may I ask you some questions?—Sorry, I'm too busy and haven't even a minute to ________.A. spendB. spareC. offerD. devote12. What really ______ is not failure itself, but the attitude we have towards it.A. mattersB. appliesC. stressesD. functions13. When they heard the good news, all of the people in the city held a great party to______ victory.A. celebrateB. congratulateC. memorizeD. receive14. Pairs, without doubt, has absolutely everything for a romantic weekend---hotels, food, and wines to ____ every budget.A. fitB. matchC. suitD. agree15. The loss has not yet been ______ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.A. calculatedB. consideredC. completedD. controlled16. Some parents are just too protective. They want to________ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.A. spotB. dismissC. shelterD. distinguish17. I ______ you an apology for what I said this morning. Anyway, I meant no offence.A. oweB. makeC. demandD. accept18. Bob said he was going to ______ himself to a vacation in the mountains because he had been so tired.A. pressB. inviteC. devoteD. treat19. The folk song concert was so well ______ that all the tickets were sold out on the first day.A. acceptedB. recognizedC. receivedD. approved20. The good thing about children is that they _____ very easily to new environments.A. adaptB. appealC. attachD. apply21. If you send the application form before 8 o'clock tomorrow morning, I can you an interview.A. instructB. determineC. guaranteeD. recommend22. Your plan, as well as his, sounds original. Bu t the company, I think, won’t ______ either of them, for they are unrealistic.A. abolishB. commentC. approveD. overlook23. To maintain national balance, the government has ______ a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.A. adoptedB. abandonedC. observedD. modified24. The outbreak of this incident has given us much for thought, forcing us to seriously on the past and the future.A. resembleB. strengthenC. reflectD. shape25. In a formal football match, each team can have three players to _____ their teammates when necessary.A. replaceB. substituteC. representD. exchange26. One reason why the housing prices in big cities are going up all the time is that people are ________ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.A. breakingB. pouringC. fillingD. squeezing27. Do not fear them; for there is nothing covered that will not be ________, and nothing hidden that will not be made known.A. criticizedB. definedC. estimatedD. revealed28. On the way home, a good idea suddenly _____ me - why hot buy Mom a gift for her birthday?A. struckB. beatC. knockedD. attacked29. According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to ______ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.A. differB. shrinkC. failD. decline30. Hearing the disappointing news, he was too sad to ____himself.A. containB. includeC. manageD. command2022届大一轮复习小专题训练语法系列(6)答案及解析1. C。

高考英语语法填空专题复习6.0学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Shenzhen University offered pillows as a graduation gift to graduates on Sunday 1 the hope of reminding them of 2 important sleep and pursuing their dreams are.At the graduation ceremony, president of the university Mao Junfa encouraged the young graduates to attach importance to their health and avoid staying up late. He warned them not to wait until sleep becomes 3 luxury. The front of the pillow features four different designs that contain iconic buildings 4 (represent) Shenzhen and the university. On the back, a message from the university 5 (read), “Look up at the starry sky at night to dream, 6 step solidly on the ground during the day to chase dreams.”Mao said that instead of 7 (wake) up by an alarm clock in the morning, it is the problems they need to solve and the dreams they desire to achieve 8 get them out of bed.In previous years, the university gifted graduates items such as umbrellas with the meaning of breaking a path through troubles and backpacks symbolizing 9 (adventure) spirit.In addition to the customized pillows, the university also prepared commemorative test tubes of soil and 10 (branch) from the university’s lychee garden. The materials were carefully selected, collected and sterilized for graduates to take away as part of their memories of the school.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。