四足运动规律（The four foot movement rule）The movement of animalsThe laws of movement of animalsThe biggest characteristic of the beast is walking and running.General law of quadrupeds action with this way, the horse, for example, began to start if it is right to step forward to open, diagonal left foot will follow go forward, then the left front foot forward, and followed the right foot forward, this completes a cycle.Then another right front foot forward, left hind foot followed forward, left front foot forward, right hind foot follow, continue to circulate, form a walking movement. When we are drawing the horse's movements, we should pay attention to the body's center of gravity in the triangle formed by the three stable feet standing on the ground.In addition to walking, the horse has a little running, running, running, etc. All kinds of running ways have certain movement rules.Next, we will list the action analysis diagram for each footstep, so that we can understand the action rule of the horse from the image.1. The slow movement of horsesThe above is the horse's general walking motion law. The wayit's done is the diagonal change, the right and left, right and left. It takes about a second and a half a second to walk slowly, or slower or faster, depending on the situation. The movement of slow motion, the leg moves forward not easy to carry higher. If you take a quick walk, you can improve it.The joint buckling of the forelimbs and hind legs is the opposite, with the forearms bending backward and the hind legs bending forward.The head movement should be coordinated when walking, the front foot is under the head and the front foot is lifted.2. The rules of the horse's little running actionThe horse's trot is a brisk walking movement, and the movement of the limbs is basically a footwork of diagonal switching. In contrast to the slow walk, the diagonal lines are both left at the same time and landing at the same time. Four feet should be higher when moving forward, especially if the forefoot is higher. When the body moves forward, it must have the bounce feeling, the team has the highest body when it is in the vertical line, and the lowest body when it is inclined.The rhythm of the movement is four feet to the ground, the ground time is fast, the movement process is two fast intermediate slow.Most of the animals' trots are the two feet of this diagonal line. But some animals, such as camels and elephants, use a "hoofed" footstep, and when they walk, the body swings to thesides in a large swing.The "hoofs" footwork also gives people the feeling of bouncing and bouncing.3. The law of the horse's big running actionThe pace of this big run is not the diagonal, but the front right, left and right back, the first two feet and the back foot exchange. Forward the front and back feel cross to move up and down, the body of the big run footwork, steps across a larger extent, the first starting point and the distance between the second placement can reach more than a body length, speed is about every seconds after two steps.4. The running action of the horseRunning is one of the fastest steps, and it is also the footwork of two front feet and two hind feet. The four-legged movement is full of bounce, giving people the feeling of bouncing around. The distance of the steps is greater, and often only one foot contact with the ground, or even all the air,The distance between each circular step can reach three or four times the length of the body.A horse can run at a very fast speed of 50 miles an hour, and can run three steps in a second.Beat one for medium speed and two for slow. There was a sense of flying in the air.Eight sheets for a cycle, three runs in one second. (1) (1) (9) head (5) head forward.5. The rules of walking movement of claw animalsThere are many kinds of clawed animals in mammals. Small ones like mice, big ones like lions, tigers and so on. These clawed animals are different in their living environment due to their different physical structure.It focuses on the laws of the beast.The prey animal of the carnivorous eye, has sharp claws on the foot. It also has teeth in its mouth, adapting to its hunting of other animals. Carnivorous animals are violent, so humans call them beasts, such as the common lion, tiger, leopard, Wolf, fox, jackal, etc.This beast of prey has long animal hair, and the body muscles are more relaxed than the common hooves, but they are powerful, agile and able to run well.Claw type of the toe action, using the finger part and the toe part to walk, so the elastic force is strong, the footwork light, the speed is fast.There is a distinct external characteristic of clawed animals and hoofed animals. The arthroplates of the hoofed animals bend backwards, while the clawed animals bend forward. Because the former is the wrist joint bent, the latter is the elbow jointbent, so the opposite is true. Another distinctive feature is that the feet of the hoofed animals are on the ground when they move, and they have a feeling of "beating". The clawed animals fluttered about on all fours and had a sense of "point".The running method of clawed animals is basically the same as the hoofs, which is an illegal exchange of the forelimbs and two hind limbs.The limbs of the claws are shorter and the stride is relatively small, unlike the horseshoe animals such as horses, with long, slender limbs. Claw dragon of class, however, are mostly born a softer vertebrae, the soft spine could bend like spring, running can increase the elasticity of the body, each time with a push with its back legs, back vertebral a pretty, can leap from far distance.Hoofed animals, generally hard in the spine, are basically flat on the back and lack of resilience.Compare a horse, a deer, an antelope, such as a trotter, in the short run of the situation is different. These clawed animals, due to the constant stretching of the vertebrae, tend to burn out their strength, run short and tired, and eventually run away from the well-trotting vertebrates.The structure of animal limbsThe animal walk is accomplished through the movement of the limbs.Fish rely on their fins for water swimming, and the evolution of the terrestrial reptiles with short legs to support the body crawling on the ground, but not yet running. An animal that has evolved to be a beast, with longer limbs and a well-run organ.Because of the different ways of living the environment, the animal's limbs also evolved into various types.In particular, primates in mammals have developed into the stage of monkey and ape, where they have been able to stand up and walk, the forelimbs have evolved into hands, and the original function of walking has been relatively absent.Beast running speed and foot structure also has a close relationship, bears and monkeys why animals run more slowly, mainly because these animals are "study" - walk with feet touch the ground. The foot of the animal, from the toe to the heel of the foot, the foot of the thick meat, walking on the foot, lack of elasticity, so the running is not good. Humans are also "potters" animals, so they can't run as animals. Sprinters run the 100-meter dash with almost all the toes running, the bottom and the heel, as large as possible to reduce the contact surface, in order to increase the elastic force, so that the speed increases quickly.Animals that run fast are usually "toes" animals, such as tigers, leopards and dogs.They're all walking on their toes. The palms and wrists of their forelimbs, the metamore and the heel of the hind limbs are always off the ground, so these animals are famous for theirgood runs.There is also a group of "hooves" animals. The so-called hoof line is to use the toenail to act. Such animals, as the environment ADAPTS, the limbs of nails and toenails continue to expand, gradually breaking down into hard "hooves".The animal of the hoof is divided into odd hoofs and cloven hoofs.Odd hoofed animals: horses, rhinos, etc.The cloven hooves include cattle, sheep, deer, camels and hippos.The same is the "hooves" movement, but because of the shape and hoofs development, the running speed is different. If the body is dry, the horse and deer with long limbs are bigger than the body fat benzene, the animals of the big and strong animals, such as cattle and hippos, run fast, running flexibly.The different structures of the legs have no doubt about the speed of action. In addition, the different types of legs have great influence on the operation efficiency of animals in different environments. For example, on a flat ground, the "trout" bear is a horseshoe. But if a smooth surface of ice is changed, the horse's hoofs slip easily. Instead, a bear with a flat foot does not slip and runs faster than a horse. It's also a "hoof" animal, running faster than a camel on a flat ground. But in the desert, a camel with a thick, thick, cloven hoof is better suited to this dune environment, and the horseis down.In the grassland, the horse can run at a speed of 40 to 50 miles per hour, and the sheep can run 15 miles per hour. But on rugged mountain roads, horses with long limbs and hard hooves are not easy to climb. The legs of the sheep are short and thin, and the bottom is sunken and the hoofs of a sucker are conducive to running on a steep slope and even on the cliff.By comparing different types of animal limbs, it is easier to see the different configurations and adaptations of legs and legs.The way the beast jumpsThe animal world is a jungle world. It is a natural law of development that the winner survives and the loser is eliminated. The carnivorous beast, to eat a lot of fresh meat every day, must try to arrest other animals to stay hungry; Being hunted by a hunter often decides the fate of life and death in a flash. If you can't catch your prey, you starve. You must die if you can't escape. Speed, therefore, becomes the god of destiny. You can't adapt to a living environment without the ability to move fast.In addition to the ability to run, the animal has developed a fast jumping ability.It is not easy for a tiger to hunt more than a dozen meters to be found. When he ran to hunt the antelope, the antelope startled, and ran away with it. After a quick and intense chase,finally the endurance of the antelope escaped, the tiger only a gasp.A more effective method of hunting is often a surprise attack.When the tiger was looking for food, he sometimes deliberately hid himself so that the antelope could not find it, and he was waiting for him to catch it, and then he jumped up and caught it. When the tiger jumped, the antelope could not escape. The antelope could not be spared because of such a violent leap, like the arrow of a string, which won the absolute advantage.Jumping can be faster than running, and it is a technique for hunters and hunters to use effectively to better adapt to a dangerous environment.The rules of the action of the animal jumping, usually before leaping out, the torso back into squatting, preparing strength. Then use the powerful hind legs to force a push, to pop up the body. In the movement of the body, the forelimbs are bent forward and ready to land. When landing on the ground, the forelimb touches the ground first, bearing the inertial effect of the forward movement, and the body will be straight up to the back of the body, and the momentum will be reduced after landing on the hind legs.A gazelle is a good dancer in the body, and its long legs are elastic. The body is arched when it leaps forward in the bushes. The explosion of the antelope can be as high as two or three meters and seven or eight meters. And can make a longer, continuous jump and run.Here is an introduction to the movement of antelope jumping. Notice that its leaping point and location is a longer radian.The gazelle is flexible, agile and bouncy. When leaping, the four-footed air process is longer and far away. On the basis of the two squares, the limbs begin to stretch from the beginning of the ninth, and when they reach the 20th, they begin to land on the ground, and the limbs are about 12.Some quadrupeds, because life adapt to for a long time, the uneven limbs developed, the function of the forearms on the ground to walk has gradually disappeared, not like general quadruped walking four-legged exchange way. Apes and monkeys are moving in the same direction as humans, both standing and walking.Larger kangaroos, with two hind legs to support the body standing and action. Because its forelimbs are so short and weak that it is inconvenient to move on it, jumping is a common way to move forward.Kangaroo leaping gait, hind legs only contact with the ground, two hind legs, jumping off the ground at the same time, when the body has forward the pop-up, thick tail long, is used to balance the body, it's those special rich and powerful hind legs to make a series of jump, can promote the body to move forward. Each time it can reach five times the length of the body, the top speed can be up to 30 miles per hour.A kangaroo, weighing 100 kilograms or so, can jump to threemeters in a single leap, and see how its hind legs are amazingly bouncy.The rabbit is also a kind of animal with developed and unbalanced limbs. Because it's weak,It is easy to be attacked by the enemy, but by nature timid. Fortunately it had the advantage of jumping, making up for its own weakness.The rabbit runs very fast, the time is short, the time is longer.The rabbit's vertebra is particularly soft, with a large stretch and strong elastic force, so it is known for its fast running.。
