试卷一

《现代汉语》模拟试卷一考试形式：开卷考试时间：90分钟站点：_________ 姓名：_________ 学号：___________ 成绩：_________ 一、名词解释（每小题4分，共16分）1．现代汉语现代汉语是现代汉民族使用的共同语，是以北京语音为标准音，以北方话为基础，以典范的现代白话文著作作为语法规范的普通话。

2．词汇词汇是语言的建筑材料，是词和语的集合体。

3．语法语法是语言的构造规则，制约着句子组合合法性的规则就是语法。

4．部件部件这个概念可大可小：有时部件是对合体字进行一次切分而得到的两个单位，这时的部件相当于偏旁；有时部件是对合体字进行多次切分而得出的多个单位，这时的部件要比偏旁小。

二、单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分）1．下列语言中，哪个跟汉语属于同一个语系？( C )。

A. 英语B. 日语C. 藏语D. 蒙古语2.现代汉语书面语的直接来源是（C ）。

A. 官话B. 国语C. 白话D. 普通话3．上海方言属于( C )。

A. 江淮官话B. 华北官话C. 吴方言D. 客家话4．古今汉字的分水岭是( C)。

A. 大篆B. 小篆C. 隶书D. 楷书5．“一月”“一年”中的“一”应该读作( C )。

A. 阴平、阳平B. 阳平、阴平C. 阴平、去声D. 阳平、去声6．根据六书理论，“末”这个字属于( B )。

A. 象形字B. 指事字C. 会意字D. 形声字7．下面句中，没有错别字的是( C )。

A. 他在历史学家面前吹嘘自己的历史水平,简直就是搬门弄斧。

B. 我们这个时代需要仗义直言的人。

因为这是一个英雄的国度。

C. 虽然周瑜智计过人,但是和诸葛亮相比就相形见绌了。

D. 这场战斗敌我兵力悬殊，我们只能出奇致胜。

8．下面各组词语中，属于感情色彩不同的是( B )。

A. 懦弱、软弱B. 果断、武断C. 强壮、壮实D. 伤害、损害9．下列各组划线词中，属于同音词的一组是( A )。

A. 她的仪表端庄| 机器的仪表坏了B. 他找到工作了| 他正在工作C. 腕关节| 找人打通关节D. 老师提出问题| 设计遇到了问题10．“自行车被小偷偷走了。

化学合成制药工试卷一一、单项选择题（每题2分，共60分）1．工业上最适合的反应类型是（）A. 尖顶型B. 平顶型C. 汇聚型D. 直线型2．最理想的工艺路线是（）A. 直线型B. 交叉型C. 汇聚型D. 对称型3．从收率的角度看，应该把收率低的单元反应放在（）A. 前头B. 中间C. 后边D. 都可4．从收率的角度看，应该把收率高的反应步骤放在（）A. 前头B. 中间C. 后边D. 都可5．在考虑合理安排工序次序时，通常把价格较贵的原料放在何处使用。

（）A. 前头 B. 中间 C. 后边 D. 最后6．在工业生产上可稳定生产，减轻操作劳动强度的反应类型是（）A. 平顶型B. 尖顶型C. 直线型D. 汇聚型7．在镇静药奈福泮的羰基的还原过程中，可代替氢化铝锂的是（）A. 硼氢化钠B. 醇钠C. 锌粉D. 钯碳8．工艺的后处理过程一般属于的过程是（）A. 化学B. 物理C. 物理化学D. 生物9．应限制使用的溶剂是（）A. 第一类溶剂B. 第二类溶剂C. 第三类溶剂D. 第四类溶剂10．属于第三类溶剂的是（）A. 苯B. 甲苯C. 乙酸乙酯D. 三氟醋酸11. 在重结晶溶剂的选择原则中，正确的是（）A. 杂质的溶解度必须很大B. 杂质的溶解度必须很小C. 被重结晶物质在该溶剂中的溶解度曲线必须相当平稳D. 被重结晶物质在该溶剂中的溶解度曲线必须相当陡12. 属于质子性溶剂的是（）A. 乙酸B. 乙醚C. DMFD. 二氧六环13. 属于非质子性溶剂的是（）A. 乙醇B. 乙醚C. 乙酸D. 水14. 在巴比妥生产中的乙基化反应过程中，正确的加料次序是（）A. 先加乙醇钠，然后加丙二酸二乙酯，最后滴加溴乙烷B. 先加丙二酸二乙酯，然后加乙醇钠，最后滴加溴乙烷C. 先加溴乙烷，然后加丙二酸二乙酯，最后滴加乙醇钠D. 先加丙二酸二乙酯，然后加溴乙烷，最后滴加乙醇钠15．溶剂对化学反应的影响，叙述不正确的是（）A. 溶剂对离子型反应影响较大。

广东外语外贸大学成人高等教育毕业水平考试复习资料(英语专业)试卷一G raduation Proficiency Test For Adult Higher Education(English Major)考生注意：1.答案全部写在答卷上，否则无效。

2.考试时间120分钟I. Grammar &Vocabulary (10%)There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. Most people found it hard to believe that such a seemingly man shouldhave done that wicked thing.A. respectingB. respectfulC. respectiveD. respectable2.to speak when the audience interrupted him.A. Hardly did he beginB. No sooner had he begunC. Not until be begunD. Scarcely had he begun3.We should be able to do the job for you quickly,you give us all the necessaryinformation.A. in caseB. as ifC. or elseD. provided that4.Andrew, my mother,s elder brother, will not be at the family party,to the family,sdisappointment.A. moreB. muchC. too muchD. much more5.Linda did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy for herexperiment.A. to prepareB. to be preparedC. being preparedD. preparing6.By the year 2020, scientists probably an effective treatment for cancer.A. will have discoveredB. are discoveringC. will be discoveringD. have discovered7.When confronted with such questions, my mind goes, and I can hardly remember my own dateof birth.A. dimB. vainC. faintD. blank8.The bestseller is well worth.A. to readB. readingC. to be readD. being read9.The police have accused the young man exceeding the speed limit.A. by |B. ofC. forD. with10.China,s reform and opening — up program enjoys the support of the people and is tosucceed.A. boundB. proneC. aptD. inclined11.Long to harmful pollutants is most likely to lead to a decline in health.A. exposureB. contactC. UseD. touch12.Ask for a doctor as quickly as possible and tell him it,s of life and death.A. thingB. matterC. questionD. problem13.I am sure that I can him into letting us stay in the hotel for the night.A. talkB. speakC. tellD. say14.Although her marriage was very unhappy, Mrs. Stephens remained with her husband for theof the children.A. reasonB. sakeC. careD. convenience15.Don,t let of any chance.A. to goB. goingC. goD. gone16.David had on this subject.A. rather the strong opinionB. a rather strong opinionC. rather strong opinionD. the rather strong opinion17.Let,s go and get some water,?A. can,t weB. won,t weC. shall weD. shan,t we18.David thought failing in examination as, so he was unwilling to go out with classmates.A. humiliationB. humilityC. humidityD. humanity19.Stephanie fell in love with Alex.A. at first sightB. at a first sightC. at the first sightD. at first sights20.The general often his soldiers.A. highly spoke ofB. spoke highly ofC. highly spoke forD. spoke highly forII. Cloze (10%)There are 20 blanks in the passage, and 25 words in the box below the passage. Decide which given word should go to which blank.Children model themselves largely on their parents. They do so mainly through identification. Children identify 21 a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 22 of that parent. The things parents do and say-and the 23 they do and say to them-therefore strongly influence a child's 24 . However, parents must consistently behave like the type of 25 they want their child to become.A parent's actions 26 affect the self-image that a child forms 27 identification. Children who see mainly positive qualities in their 28 will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way. Children who observe chiefly 29 qualities in their parents will have difficulty 30 positive qualities in themselves. Children may 31 their self-image, however, as they become increasingly 32 by peers groups standards before they reach 13.Isolated events, 33 dramatic ones, do not necessarily have a permanent 34 on achild's behavior. Children interpret such events according to their established attitudesand previous training. Children who know they are loved can, 35 , accept the divorce of their parent,s or a parent’ . sBietaiflchildren feel unloved, they may interpret such events 37 a sign of rejection or punishment.In the same way, all children are not influenced _38 toys and games, reading matter, and television programs. 39 in the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the 40of an activity or experience depends on how the child interprets it.A. behaviourB. andC. influencedD. as a wholeE. parentsF. for exampleG. withH. AsI. throughJ. orK. seeing L. about M. characteristic N. effect O. deathP. from Q. modify R. by S. way T. negativeV. effect W. now X. also Y evenm. Reading Comprehension (30%)There are 4 reading passages in this part. Please read them carefully and answer the 20 questions following these passages.Questions 41 to 45 refer to the passage below:I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to officiate at two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died "full of years," as the Bible would say; both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence calls on the two families on the same afternoon.At the first home, the son of the deceased woman said to me, "If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It's my fault that she died." At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, "If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the abrupt change of climate, was more than she could take. It's my fault that she's dead."When things don't turn out as we would like them to, it is very tempting to assumethat had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Priests know that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course - keeping Mother at home, postponing the operation - would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.The second element is the notion that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. Psychologists speak of the infantile myth of omnipotence . A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that infantile notion that our wishes cause things to happen.41.What is said about the two deceased elderly women?A)They lived out a natural life.B)They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride.C)They weren't accustomed to the change in weather.D)They died due to lack of care by family members.42.The author had to conduct the two women's funerals probably because.A)he wanted to console the two familiesB)he was an official from the communityC)he had great sympathy for the deceased43.What does the underlined word “condolence“ mean (Line 6, Para. 1)?A) inquiry B) sympathy C) indifferent D) emergency44.People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones becauseA)they couldn't find a better way to express their griefB)they believe that they were responsibleC)they had neglected the natural course of eventsD)they didn't know things often turn out in the opposite direction 45. In the context of the passage, "... the world makes sense" (Line 2, Para, 4) probably means that.A)everything in the world is predeterminedB)the world can be interpreted in different waysC)there's an explanation for everything in the worldD)we have to be sensible in order to understand the worldQuestions 45-50 refer to the following passage:Throughout the nation's more than 15,000 school districts, widely differing approaches to teaching science and math have emerged. Though there can be strength in diversity, a new international analysis suggests that this variability has instead contributed to lackluster achievement scores by U.S. children relative to their peers in other developed countries.Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State University, who led the new analysis, "no single intellectually coherent vision dominates U.S. educational practice in math or science.'' The reason, he said, "is because the system is deeply and fundamentally flawed."The new analysis, released this week by the National Science Foundation in Arlington, Va., is based on data collected from about 50 nations as part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study.Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual U.S. communities, the report finds, but there appears to be little strategic focus within a school district,s curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers' activities. This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries.On average, U.S. students study more topics within science and math than their international counterparts do. This creates an educational environment that "is a mile wide and an inch deep," Schmidt notes.For instance, eighth graders in the United States cover about 33 topics in math versus just 19 in Japan. Among science courses, the international gap is even wider. U.S.curricula for this age level resemble those of a small group of countries including Australia, Thailand, Iceland, and Bulgaria. Schmidt asks whether the United States wants to be classed with these nations, whose educational systems "share our pattern of splintered visions" but which are not economic leaders.The new report "couldn't come at a better time," says Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association in Arlington. "The new National Science Education Standards provide that focused vision," including the call "to do less, but in greater depth."Implementing the new science standards and their math counterparts will be the challenge, he and Schmidt agree, because the decentralized responsibility for education in the United States requires that any reforms be tailored and instituted one community at a time.In fact, Schmidt argues, reforms such as these proposed national standards "face an almost impossible task, because even though they are intellectually coherent, each becomes only one more voice in the babble."46.What does the underlined word “lackluster” mean in the passage (Line 4, Para. 1)?A) unique B) distinguishing C)important D) common47.According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in America isA)focused on tapping students' potentialB)characterized by its diversityC)losing its vitality graduallyD)going downhill in recent years48.The fundamental flaw of American school education is that.A)it lacks a coordinated national programB)it sets a very low academic standard for studentsC)it relies heavily on the initiative of individual teachersD)it attaches too much importance to intensive study of school subjects49.By saying that the U.S. educational environment is "a mile wide and an inch deep" (Line2, Para. 5), the author means U.S. educational practice.A)lays stress on quality at the expense of quantityB)offers an environment for comprehensive educationC)encourages learning both in depth and in scopeD)scratches the surface of a wide range of topics50.The new National Science Education Standards are good news in that they willA)provide depth to school science educationB)solve most of the problems in school teachingC)be able to meet the demands of the communityD)quickly dominate U.S. educational practiceQuestions 51-55 refer to the passage that follows:There are good reasons to be troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media. Movies, Television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask what,s wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment.Most researchers agree that the causes of real-world violence are complex. A 1993 study by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences listed “biological, individual, family, peer, school, and community factors” as all playing their parts.Viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals. The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality. Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement: “At this time, well over 1,000 studies... point overwhelming ly to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavio r in some children.”Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disputed the number of studies (most were review articles and essays, they said). When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression. And when he weeded out “the most doubtful measures of aggression”, only 28% supported a connection.The critical point here is causality. The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression. But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined. When labeling games as violent or non-violent, should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event? And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read ‘aggressive, or ‘non -aggressive, words from a list, can we be sure what they are actually measuring? The intent of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction.Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more.Several researchers write, speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media. That is, of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. Such clashes help neither science nor society.51.Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and video games?A)There is a lot of violence in the real world today.B)Something has gone wrong with today,s society.C)Many people are fond of gunplay and bloodshed.D)Showing violence is thought to be entertaining.52.What is the skeptics (Line 3. Para. 3) view of media violence?A)Violence on television is a fairly accurate reflection of real-world life.B)Most studies exaggerate the effect of media violence on the viewers.C) A causal relationship exists between media and real-world violence.D)The influence of media violence on children has been underestimated.53.What does the underlined word “causality“ mean (Line 3, Para. 3)?A) casualty B) objectivityC) the relationship between cause and effect D) liability54.The author uses the term “alarmists” (Line 1. Para. 5) to refer to those who.A)use standardized measurements in the studies of media violenceB)initiated the debate over the influence of violent media on realityC)assert a direct link between violent media and aggressive behaviorD)use appropriate methodology in examining aggressive behavior55.In refuting the alarmists, the author advances his argument by first challenging.A)the source and amount of their dataB)the targets of their observationC)their system of measurementD)their definition of violenceQuestions 56-60 refer to the passage below:Age has its privileges in America. And one of the more prominent of them is the senior citizen discount. Anyone who has reached a certain age —in some cases as low as 55—is automatically entitled to a dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Eligibility is determined not by one,s need but by the date on one,s birthcertificate. Practically unheard of a generation ago, the discounts have become a routine part of many businesses —as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners.People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them；yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy and solvent. Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. The practice is acceptable because of the widespread belief that “elderly” and “needy” are synonymous. Perhaps that once was true, but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population. To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older Americans are poor. But most of them aren,t.It is impossible to determine the impact of the discounts on individual companies. For many firms, they are a stimulus to revenue. But in other cases the discounts are given at the expense, directly or indirectly, of younger Americans. Moreover, they are a direct irritant in what some politicians and scholars see as a coming conflict between the generations.Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate over Social Security benefits, which mostly involves a transfer of resources from the young to the old. Employment is another sore point, Buoyed by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job-thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers.Far from a kind of charity they once were, senior citizen discounts have become a formidable economic privilege to a group with millions of members who don,t need them.It no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a single group whose economic needs deserve priority over those of others. Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people can,t take care of themselves and need special treatment；and they threaten the creation of a new myth, that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups. Senior citizen discounts are the essence of the very thing older Americans are fighting against-discrimination by age.56.We learn from the first paragraph that.A) offering senior citizens discounts has become routine commercial practice B) seniorcitizen discounts have enabled many old people to live a decent life C) giving senior citizens discounts has boosted the market for the elderlyD) senior citizens have to show their birth certificates to get a discount57.What assumption lies behind the practice of senior citizen discounts?A)Businesses, having made a lot of profits, should do something for society inreturn.B)Old people are entitled to special treatment for the contribution they made tosociety.C)The elderly, being financially underprivileged, need humane help from society.D)Senior citizen discounts can make up for the inadequacy of the Social Securitysystem.58.What does the underlined word “synonymous“ mean (Line 5, Para 2)?A) having different meanings B) having the same meaningC) opposite C) hostile59.According to some politicians and scholars, senior citizen discounts will .A)make old people even more dependent on societyB)intensify conflicts between the young and the oldC)have adverse financial impact on business companiesD)bring a marked increase in the companies revenues60.Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “Buoyed” in the passage(Line 3, Para 4)?A) Supported B) Opposed C) Abiding D) StandingIV. Translation (30%)Section A:Translate the following passage into English (15%)绿茶在亚洲非常风靡，在日本可谓是一种艺术。

无人机驾驶员、机长模拟试题（一）满分：100分时间：120分钟1、微型无人机是指______（1 分）A 空机质量小于等于7千克的无人机B 质量小于7千克的无人机C 质量小于等于7千克的无人机2、大型无人机是指______（1 分）A 空机质量大于5，700千克的无人机B 质量大于5，700千克的无人机C 空机质量大于等于5，700千克的无人机3、轻型无人机是指______（1 分）A 质量大于等于7千克，但小于116千克的无人机，且全马力平飞中，校正空速小于100千米/小时（55海里/小时），升限小于3000米B 质量大于7千克，但小于等于116千克的无人机，且全马力平飞中，校正空速大于100千米/小时（55海里/小时），升限大于3000米C 空机质量大于7千克，但小于等于116千克的无人机，且全马力平飞中，校正空速小于100千米/小时（55海里/小时），升限小于3000米4、活塞发动机系统常采用的增压技术主要是用来______（1 分）A．提高功率B．减少废气量C．增加转速5、无人机电器系统中电源和______两者组合统称为供电系统。

（1分）A.用电设备B.配电系统C.供电线路6、无人机系统通讯链路主要包括：指挥与控制（C.&C.），________，感知和规避（S&A.）三种。

（1 分）A．空中交通管制（A.TC.）B．电子干扰C．无线电侦察7、______功能通常包括指挥调度、任务规划、操作控制、显示记录等功能。

（1 分）A．数据链路分系统B．无人机地面站系统C．飞控与导航系统8、属于无人机飞控子系统功能的是______（1 分）A．无人机姿态稳定与控制B．导航控制C．任务信息收集与传递9、关于“飞行管理”不正确的是______（1 分）A.在一个划定的管制空域内，可由两个空中交通管制单位负责空中交通管制B.通常情况下，民用航空器不得飞入禁区和限制区C.民用航空器未经批准不得飞出中华人民共和国领空10、空域管理的具体办法由______制定。

北京语言大学网络教育学院《现代汉语（一）》模拟试卷一一、【单项选择题】(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在答题卷相应题号处。

1、汉语拼音字母b、d、g发音不同是由于（）。

[A] 发音体不同[B] 发音方法不同[C] 共鸣器不同[D] 舌位前后不同2、普通话声母共有（）个。

[A] 20[B] 21[C] 22[D] 233、zh、ch、sh、r四个辅音的发音部位是（）。

[A] 舌尖前[B] 舌尖中[C] 舌尖后[D] 舌面4、普通话的单元音韵母共有（）个。

[A] 6 [B] 7 [C] 8 [D] 95、e和o的区别在于（）。

[A] 舌位的高低不同[B] 舌位的前后不同[C] 唇形的圆展不同[D] 舌位的高低和唇形的圆展不同6、前响复韵母是（）。

[A] ɑi、ei、uɑ、uo[B] ɑi、ei、ɑo、ou[C] ɑi、ei、ou、uo[D] iɑ、ie、uɑ、ɑi7、ei、ie、üe中e的发音（）。

[A] 完全一样[B] 完全不同[C] 比较接近，但不必区分[D] 虽比较接近，但音色区别很大，有的舌位略高，有的舌位略低8、“因此、危险”的正确读音是（）。

[A] yīncíwéixiǎn[B] yīncǐwéixiǎn[C] yīncǐwēixiǎn[D] yīncíwēixiǎn9、韵头可以由（）充当。

[A] ɑ、o、e[B] i、u、ü[C] -i（前）、-i（后）[D] 单元音10、声韵相拼时，声韵之间（）。

[A] 必须停顿[B] 有时可以停顿[C] 不能停顿[D] 停顿不停顿要根据具体音节而定11、“一定”中的“一”应读（）。

[A] 阴平[B] 阳平[C] 上声[D] 去声12、下列各项中，两个音节都是由后响复韵母构成的是（）。

[A] 结果[B] 劳累[C] 飘流[D] 高楼13、“珊瑚”一词是（）。

中 南 大 学大 学 物 理 试 卷一一、 选择题：（共12分）1．（本题3分）图中所示曲线表示球对称或轴对称静电场的某一物理量随径向距离r 变化的关系，请指出该曲线可描述下列哪方面内容（E 为电场强度的大小，U 为电势）：（A ） 半径为R 的无限长均匀带电圆柱体电场的E~r 关系。

（B ） 半径为R 的无限长均匀带电圆柱面电场的E~r 关系。

（C ） 半径为R 的均匀带正电球体电场的U~r 关系。

（D ） 半径为R 的均匀带正电球面电场的U~r 关系。

（ ）2．（本题3分）有一连长为a 的正方形平面，在其中垂线上距中心O 点21a 处，有一电量为q 的正点电荷，如图所示，则通过该平面的电场强度通量为（A ）64q π （B ）04πεq （C ）03πεq （D ）6εq（ ）3．（本题3分）将一空气平行板电容器接到电源上充电到一定电压后，在保持与电源连接的情况下，把一块与极板面积相同的各向同性均匀电介质板平行地插入两极板之间，如图所示，介质板的插入及其所处位置的不同，对电容器储存电能的影响为：（A）储能减少，但与介质板位置无关。

（B）储能减少，但与介质板位置有关。

（C）储能增加，但与介质板位置无关。

（D）储能增加，但与介质板位置有关。

（）4．（本题3分）如图，长载流导线ab和cd相互垂直，它们相距l,ab固定不动，cd能绕中点O转动，并能靠近或离开 ab。

当电流方向如图所示时，导线ca将（A）顺时针转动同时离开ab。

（B）顺时针转动同时靠近ab。

（C）逆时针转动同时离开ab。

（D）逆时针转动同时靠近ab。

（）二、 填空题：（共48分）1．（本题3分）一面积为S 的平面，放在场强为E 的均匀电场中，已知E 与平面间的夹角为)21(πθ<，则通过该平面的电场强度通量的数值e Φ= 。

2．（本题3分）真空中一半径为R 的半圆细环，均匀带电Q ，如图所示。

设无穷远处为电势零点，则圆心O 点外的电势0U = ，若将一带电量为q 的点电荷从无穷远处移到圆心O 点，则电场力做功A= 。

职业技能鉴定国家题库电工初级理论知识试卷一一、单项选择题(第1题～第160题。

选择一个正确的答案，将相应的字母填入题内的括号中。

每题0.5分，满分80分。

)1．保护接零时，单相用电器的金属外壳应与()联接。

A、用电器的零线B、供电系统中的零线C、任意一根零线D、自然接地体2．当输送一定功率的电能时，()，消耗在输电线路电阻上的电能越多。

A、电压越低，线路电流越大B、电压越高，线路电流越大C、电压越低，线路电流越小D、电压越高，线路电流越小3．导线的安全载流量和环境温度的关系是()。

A、环境温度越高，导线的安全载流量越大B、环境温度越高，导线的安全载流量越小C、环境温度越小，导线的安全载流量越大D、二者没关系4．在纯电阻交流电路中，欧姆定律表达式正确的是()。

A、i＝U/RB、i＝u/RC、I＝U/RD、I＝u m/R5．焊接接头根部预留间隙作用是()。

A、防止烧穿B、保证焊透C、减少应力D、提高效率6．铝芯聚氯乙烯绝缘聚氯乙烯护套平行电线的型号为()。

A、BLVB、BLVVC、BLXD、BLVVB7．电缆敷设到拐弯处，操作人员应站在电缆()进行操作。

A、上方B、下方C、内侧D、外侧8．拆装接地线的顺序正确的说法是()。

A、先装导体端后装接地端B、先装远处后装近处C、拆时先拆接地端后拆导体端D、拆时先拆导体端后拆接地端9．自动Y－Δ降压启动控制线路是通过()实现延时的。

A、接触器B、熔断器C、时间继电器D、热继电器10．测量吊扇线圈的绝缘电阻应选用哪一种兆欧表()。

A、1000V兆欧表B、500V兆欧表C、2500V兆欧表D、可选用任意一种11．下列各项，()不属于构成电力系统的元件。

A、汽轮机B、发电机C、变压器D、电动机12．接触器触点更换后应调整()。

A、压力、开距、超程B、压力、开距C、开距、超程D、压力、超程13．有三只电阻阻值均为R，当二只电阻并联与另一只电阻串联后，总电阻为()。

A、R/3B、3R/2C、3RD、R14．能经常保证安全供电，但个别次要的元件有一般缺陷的电气设备属于()。

试卷一一、单选题（20分，每题2分）1. 下列哪一项不是营销宏观环境要素（）A. 竞争B. 经济C. 社会D. 科技2. 下列哪一项是界定公司使命的要素之一（）A. 关键客户B. 关键成功要素C. 关键渠道要素D. 关键能力要素3.奥斯特瓦德（Osterwalder）和皮尼厄（Pigneur）提出的商业模式要素有几个（）A. 8个B. 7个C. 6个D. 9个4. 下列哪一项不是市场营销调研的主要类型（）A. 探索性调研B. 描述性调研C. 商业信息调研D. 因果关系性调研5.下列哪一项是影响消费者购买行为的影响因素（）A.企业文化B. 心理因素C. 政策法规D. 商业环境6.以下哪一项不是消费者市场营销和组织市场营销的区别（）A. 关键客户管理B. 卖方知识水平C. 购买流程D. 营销组合7.以下哪一项是市场定位的战略方法（）A. 竞争者相关定位B. 客户知识定位C. 营销组合定位D. 客户至上定位8.产品生命周期不包括（）A. 导入期B. 适应期C. 成长期D. 衰退期9.以下哪一项属于心理定价策略（）A. 撇脂定价B. 渗透定价C. 捆绑定价D. 招徕定价10.品牌的作用不包括（）A. 优化定价B. 传递质量信号C. 象征意义D. 识别产品来源二、多选题（20分，每题2分）1.下列哪些包含在市场营销概念的演进（）A. 营销主体的变化B. 营销客体的变化C. 营销内容的变化D. 营销核心概念的变化E. 营销范式的变化2. 下列哪些是营销管理环境的特征（）A. 层次性B. 差异性C. 动态性D. 不可控性E. 系统性3. 下列哪些属于企业外部微观营销环境的构成要素（）A. 供应商B. 竞争对手C. 顾客D. 企业员工E. 公众4. 下列哪些属于市场感知的主要方面（）A. 界定市场B. 监控竞争C. 评估顾客价值及反馈D. 信息处理能力E. 品牌建设和推广5. 战略规划的三个层次主要有（）A. 总体战略B. 经营战略C. 传播战略D. 业务战略E. 职能战略6.基于价值的基本战略有哪些（）A. 营销战略B. 产品领先战略C. 顾客亲密战略D. 卓越运营战略E. 客户运营战略7.下列哪些是企业营销计划的要素（）A. 目标市场B. 营销组合C. 营销战略D. 与时间相关的计划E. 客户运营战略8.下列哪些是市场需求的偏好模式（）A. 产品偏好B. 同质偏好C. 扩散偏好D. 集群偏好E. 群体偏好9.服务的特性主要包括（）A. 无形性B. 过程性C. 流动性D. 易逝性E. 可变性10. 新型营销传播方式主要有（）A. 数据库营销B. 内容营销C. 广告营销D. SNS营销E. 微博营销三、判断题（10分，每题1分）1.在营销关系中，交易关系与合作关系的区别之一是交易型关系主要对匿名顾客，合作型关系主要对熟悉的顾客2.关系营销导向中，企业不关心单笔交易的盈利性，只关注如何通过建立对双方都有利的长期稳定关系来实现双赢3.市场驱动型企业努力重新界定产业和市场规范，而驱动市场型企业接受给定的产业和市场规范4. 战略规划的过程主要包括界定公司使命、设立目标、规划业务组合和计划、营销和其他职能战略几个过程。

城市轨道交通电工基础期末考试1考试类别：闭卷考试时量：120分钟试卷类型：笔试一、填空题（每空1分，共15分）1.城市轨道交通电气设备系统由供电系统、通信系统、信号系统、自动售检票系统、防灾报警系统、环境控制系统和给排水及消防系统组成。

2.城市轨道交通的供电方式有分散供电方式、集中供电方式、分散与集中结合的供电方式。

3.电路的基本结构应包括电源、负载和中间环节三部分。

4.常温下，小明拿出一根电阻丝，上面标有“5Ω”字样。

思考：若这根电阻丝接在3V的电压下，它的电阻是5Ω；接在6V的电压下，它的电阻是5Ω；不通电时，它的电阻是5Ω。

5.电路的三种状态为通路、开路和短路。

二、单选题（在本题的每一小题的备选答案中，只有一个答案是正确的，请把你认为正确答案的题号，填入下表内。

多选不给分。

每题2分，共30分）。

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10A B B D C C D B A B11 12 13 14 15A C DB D1.某城市的电力资源较丰富、沿地铁和城市轨道交通线路的地区变电站较多且容量充足，该城市应选择（）供电方式。

AA.分散B.集中C.分散与集中结合D.以上都可以2.以下图形为（）元件的图形符号。

BA.电池B.固定电阻C.可变电阻D.电感3.小明发现路边某盏路灯不亮，但同街区其他路灯正常工作，由此可知路灯的连接方式为（）。

BA.串联B.并联C.混联D.不能确定4.滑动变阻器的电阻能改变，是由于改变了连入电路中电阻线的（）。

DA.材料B.宽度C.横截面积D.长度5.照相机的闪光灯能仅靠电池在瞬间发出强烈的灯光，这个现象利用了（）元件的特性。

CA.电感B.电阻C.电容D.线圈6.若需提高电路的功率因数，可以通过在电路中（）实现。

CA.串联电感B.并联电感C.并联电容D.串联电容7.三相绕组的三相电动势幅值相等,频率相同,彼此之间相位相差（）。

DA.0度B.30度C.60度D.120度8.变压器工作时，交变磁通在铁心中产生的感应电流造成的损耗为（）。

《市场营销学》试卷一一、单项选择题（30分30题）1、市场营销是个人和组织通过创造并同别人交换产品和价值以获得其所需之物的一种( )过程。

A．自然B．社会C．交换D．买卖2、企业最容易导致“市场营销近视”的营销观念是( )。

A．生产观念B．产品观念C．推销观念D．市场营销观念3、从消费者个人收入中扣除生活必要支出、储蓄和税金的余额，属于（）A.年人均国民收入B.年人均收入C.年工资收入D.可任意支配收入4、某企业固定成本为600万元，预计产量为80万元时总成本是1000万元。

若企业目标利润率定为总成本的20％，则产品价格应定为( )。

A．15 B．18 C．20 D．255、某汽车制造企业现增加拖拉机生产，这属于多角化增长方式中的( )。

A．同心多角化B．水平多角化C．集团多角化D．垂直多角化6、同一细分市场的顾客需求具有( )。

A．绝对的共同性B．较多的共同性C．较少的共同性D．较多的异差性7、食品公司原来生产肉类罐头、水果罐头，目前又增加了蔬菜罐头的生产，该公司增加了产品组合的( )。

A．长度B．一致性C．深度D．长度和深度8、在刺激——反应的消费者行为模式中，刺激物是指( )。

A．需求所在B．企业的产品C．广告宣传D．购后反应9、旅游业、体育运动消费品业、图书出版业、文化娱乐业为争夺消费者而相互竞争彼此,之间是( )。

A．愿望竞争者B．属类竞争者C．产品形式竞争者D．品牌竞争者10、某企业生产的X产品每只成本为2500元，其中劳动力与原材料等直接成本为1700元，由固定成本分摊的间接成本为800元，销售价格为2800元。

现有某客户提出要求，按每只2200玩的价格订购5只。

对于这项生意，该企业应持的态度是( )A．订购价格低于生产成本不能接受B．订购价格远低于通常销售价格不能接受C．订购价格高于直接成本，尽管生产任务已很紧，也应接受订货D．生产任务不足时，可考虑接受订货，否则应拒绝接受此订货11、按照马斯洛的需要层次理论，需要强度大小和需要层次高低之间( )。