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A good many technical people become irate when you call a computer a giant brain.They insist t hat a computer does only what thinking humans have planned to have it do.假如你把计算机称为巨人脑，许多技术人员会感到气愤。
他们坚持认为，计算机只不过是做有思维的人类安排它做的事情罢了Yet one authority states categorically,"A machine can handle information;it can calculate,conclu de,and choose;it can perform reasonable operations with information.A machine,therefore,ca n think.Famed mathematician Norbert Wiener,of MIT,envisions a machine that can learn and wi ll"in no way be obliged to make such decisions as we should have made,or will be acceptable to us."Evidently,he thinks machines can think.不过，一位权威人士明确地说：“机器能处理信息，能进行计算、做出决定和选择，能利用信息从事各种合理的工作，因此，机器能够思维。
”麻省理工学院著名的数学家诺伯特·威纳做出展望认为，机器能学习，它“决不会被迫做出我们必须作的决定，或是迎合我们。
”显然，他认为机器能够思维There is a popular anecdote about a computer programmer who,just for a lark,spent days settin g up the machine to destroy itself,then watched delightedly as the computer dutifully proceeded to commit suicide.If that machine could have thought,would it not have circumvented him?一个有关一位计算机程序设计员的轶事广为流传。
河海大学研究生英语教程解析(完整版)(考试重点课文翻译) 本文只针对期末考试重点课文的翻译。
Unit 1Ghosts for Tea“十便士看一次海湾风光，”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道。
“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。
请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。
”要十便士简直是敲诈勒索，可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。
峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。
海面上几艘游艇张着乳白色的风帆优雅地避开浪头蜿蜓前进。
山崖下面，一群海鸥相互叫唤着，在海面上盘旋飞翔。
离岸一英里处，在海浪贪婪地吮舔着的岩岸上，那座古老的灯塔矗立在一座石头平台上。
说实话，我毫不吝惜那几个钱。
当我把望远镜转朝灯塔时，站在我身旁的那个老头拍了拍我的手腕。
“您听过在那座灯塔里发生的一起骇人听闻的惨案吗?”他压低了嗓声对我说。
“我想这个地方看起来非常富有戏剧性，有关它的传说一定不少，”我说。
“这可不是传说，”那老头郑重其事地说。
“我父亲认识那起惨案的两个当事人。
一切都发生在50年前的今天。
让我说给您听听吧。
”他的声音似乎变得更低沉、更富有戏剧性了。
“整整一个礼拜，风暴困住了那座灯塔，”他开始说。
“咆啸的大海波涛汹涌，海浪拍打着岩石，轰然作响。
岸上的人们十分担心在那儿工作的两个人。
他们俩是多年的挚友，但在两三个礼拜前，他们在乡村酒店里玩牌时吵了一架。
马丁指责布莱克打牌时耍赖，布莱克则发誓要对侮辱他人格的不实之辞进行报复。
多亏一位他们俩都尊敬的人好言相劝，他们才互相道了歉，并以乎很快地结束了他们之间的不快。
不过各自心里还有些怨恨。
因此，人们担心长时间与世隔绝所造成的极度紧张和恶劣的天气会使他们俩神经过敏，尽管两人的朋友们不消说还根本没意识到后果会有多么严重。
”“离今50年前的那个晚上，灯塔上没有出现灯光，直到凌晨两点钟左右才有一束灯光突然发出警告信号。
“第二天早上，灯光依然可见。
风暴已经平息了，人们派出一条救生船前去查看情况。
等待人们的却是一个不忍目睹的场面——马丁和布莱克的起居室一片骇人景象，桌子翻倒在地，一副牌散得到处都是，地板上溅满了血迹。
' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope.'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck o f 1935.'十便士看一次海湾风光，”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道：“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。
请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。
”Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent. 要十便士简直是敲诈勒索，可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。
Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the b each, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea . Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks, which were b eing greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the teles cope towards the lighthouse, the man beside me tapped my wrist.峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。
1.Can Your Hobby Make Money for You?Nearly everyone has a hobby. Our hobbies help us relax and forget our everyday problems and troubles. To some people, hobbies mean more. | have a friend who likes to travel. One day he discovered that he could pay for his trips by writing about the places he visits, and by taking photographs. Now every couple of years he takes an all-expenses-paid vacation. He's doing something he'd do anyhow, and it doesn’t cost him a dime. He has turned his hobby into a money-making business while enjoying it at the same time.So wouldn’t it be great if you could have a moneymaking hobby? You could get involved even more with what you already love to do; you could treat your family and friends with the extra cash. And you can even quit your current job, which you probably hate.Earning money from a hobby is a nice way to get paid for doing something you would do anyhow. Whether you knit, or write, or play games, or grow a vegetable garden, or collect ancient coins--you can make it a side income. Investigate the possibilities, calculate the costs, analyze the market, and move forward with your plan of action. Just get creative in your thinking. Find something that you can do that most others cannot, something for which other people might be willing to pay.Note that this is not a "get rich quick" scheme. It will require lots of your energy, work and time. The bottom line is that, whether or not you make money from your hobby, enjoy the time you spend with it! Dale Carnegie once said: "Get interested in something. Shake yourself awake. Develop a hobby. Let the winds of enthusiasm sweep through you." Well, it's great to develop an interesting hobby. It's even more exciting and financially rewarding to turn your special talents into a successful home-based business.2.Spaniards Have Post-vacation BluesPost-vacation blues affects 35 percent of Spain's younger workers, with symptoms including sleeplessness, loss of appetite, irregular heartbeat and feelings of despair, researchers reported. As their summer vacations come to an end, Spanish workers of all ages would fall into a depression, but the most vulnerable are those aged between 25 and 40. They tend to go right back to work after returning from their holiday, with no transition period, according to the experts. As most Spaniards get a month off per year, one trick is to space that time out over the course of the year rather than blow it all at once in the summer, the study said. Also, besides spending a few days at home before going back to work, it is a good idea to avoid returning on a Monday. "This can worsen the situation," said experts. "We should go back on some other day of the week, thus reducing the psychological impact of returning to work."In a separate study, other experts find the symptoms of the post-vacation blues also include tiredness，stomachache, breathing trouble, anxiety and nervousness. Its tips for getting over it are to ease back into one's job, be aware that such blues are temporary, not make important decisions while under the influence of them and, finally, this: "Look at the return to work as a new period in life in which you can do new activities leading to personal growth."3.Hardship CampsOn a very cold winter day，a group of children travelled long distances and arrived at a small island where nobody lived. After setting up a camp, they caught fish in the sea, and trod on the snow in search of firewood, wild fruit and fresh water. Then they made a fire to prepare a meal. After the meal was done, they sat together and enjoyed it. They were neither homeless children nor modern-day Crusoes. They were all pupils from a primary school and campers at a special "hardship camp", which is regarded as a new form of education.Every year primary and middle schools in this town organize such camps to develop children's ability to undergo hardship. Such places as thick forests and far-off mountains are often chosen as campsites. Every time before the camp is organized, the organizers make lots of preparations to ensure safety. It is reported that such camps are warmly received by both schools and parents. Educational experts generally consider it necessary to give children opportunities to suffer hardship. Most of them think it makes up for a field that normal education doesn't cover. Thanks to the rapid growth of the national economy and great improvement in the people's living conditions, children now may hardly encounter hard times. The experts think that such hardship camps can help children learn how to exist and develop themselves in the struggles of modern society.4.They strike at night, without warning, searching and examining thoroughly the tombs of Egypt's great kings and queens. They've been stealing from the dead since the beginning of time. It's a centuries-old cat-and-mouse game between tomb robbers and royalty. Ancient pharaohs used clever technology to create one o1 the most marvelous miracles - pyramids. Those are places where temptation lies just under your feet.Nearly 2,000 years ago, the pharaohs had pyramids and tombs built as ways to heaven. They believed the afterlife was a lot like Egypt, so they needed to bring food and supplies. They stocked up on luxuries, filling their tombs with supplies and offerings to the gods. Everyone knew about the buried treasure. A few of them were willing to disobey their religion and risk their lives to steal it. They have been called "notorious" tomb robbers by most people. Even in ancient Egypt, in 1200 BC, the height of the Egyptian Empire, there was still a crime wave knocking over the tombs of the pharaohs.Those robbers often bribed all the guards. The rewards were a fortune in oils, fine linen, silver and gold. Egypt's desert sands were filled with buried treasure. The robbers were so fearless that they even helped themselves to some wine that had been prepared for the gods. Of course, the risks were high. The pharaoh's followers and many citizens thought they had insulted kings and gods. If anyone got caught, he would be tied to a pole in public and tortured slowly until he died.This was a cruel and tempting battle between the pharaohs and tomb robbers--the richest and most powerful ones vs. the greatest criminal minds in Egypt.5.In junior high school, I grew much taller than most of my peers. Being so tall made me uncomfortable. In order to keep the focus of my unusual height, | would play practical jokes on other kids at school. Being one of the class clowns gave me a way to think that the jokes were directed at others, and not at me.Once before a gym class, I put ICY HOT in the gym shorts of one of the kids on the basketball team. Not only was he terribly embarrassed, but he also had to go to the school infirmary. I thought it was funny, but it ended up that no one thought it was--least of all my father.My parents always reminded me about The Golden Rule: to treat others as | would like to be treated. Many times, I was disciplined for the hurtful way I was treating others. My friends were looking up to me because | was tall, but what did they see?My parents wanted me to be a decent human being. They taught me to set my own goals , and to be a big man in my heart and actions, as well as in my body. I had to question myself whether it was important to be the kind of person my father believed I was inside. I knew in my heart he was right.Once I focused on being the best that | could be at basketball and became a leader in the game, I took my responsibility to set a good example more seriously because of my father's advice. I now pass it on to you.“Be a leader, Shaq, not a follower. Since people already have to look up to you, give them a good reason to do so.”6. NYC Dims Lights to Save BirdsNew York City may be the very definition of a man-made environment, but the place is also teeming with nature. For example, Manhattan lies directly in the fight path of hundreds of thousands of birds as they migrate south in the autumn and north in the spring.However, the concrete and glass canyons of New York and other cities also pose a danger to birds, especially when cloudy nights force them to fly low.Reflection of trees in a glass building appears as a forest to . birds. The birds act as if they are attempting to reach their natural habitat, so they are deceived.Birds are usually drawn to skyscrapers in the first place because of their exterior and office lighting. They were programmed over millions of years to pick up certain cues from the environment, like the stars or the moon. That probably has to do with their navigational system. There had never been lights lighting up the skies before, so in a very short time period relative to their evolution all these new sources of light evolved. Their navigational system gets kind of confused.That causes the birds to start circling the lights. When that happens, they start losing precious energy which they need for migration. Birds are killed by flying into glass buildings.Efforts are being made to deal with the problem. The managers of buildings over 40 storeys high are encouraged to help the migrating birds by dimming the decorative lights on the outside of their buildings, and to dim their office lights or use blinds, so that the buildings become less reflective and prevent the birds from flying into them.7. Famous US writer Denis Waitley talks about his fatherBefore bedtime, my father would come into my room to talk to me and listen to the successes and tragedies of my day. Then as he was leaving, Dad had a way of rubbing against the switch by my door to magically blow out my light like the birthday candles on a cake.As he did his little routine, Dad would say, "I'm blowing out your light now, and it will be dark for you. In fact, as far as you're concerned, it will be dark all over the world because the only world you ever know is the one you see through your own eyes. So remember, son, keep your light bright. The world is yours to see that way. I love you, son. Good night.' When I was very young ,I used to lie there in bed after Dad left and try to understand what he meant. It was confusing to think that the whole world I would ever know was the one I would see through my own eyes. What Dad was trying to tell me was that when I went to sleep at night, for me the world came to a stop. When I woke up in the morning, I could choose to see a fresh world through my own eyes--if I kept my light bright. In other words, if I woke up happy, the world was happy. If I woke up not feeling well, the world was not as well off.。
研究生英语读与译课本翻译期末考试总结第一篇：研究生英语读与译课本翻译期末考试总结研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句1、When Chou en-lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than a average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.周恩来的房门打开时，他们看到一个身材修长的人，身高中等偏上，目光炯炯有神，面部轮廓分明，称得上清秀。
2、If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening does not wish to get into trouble , he will return the umbrella to No.10 Broad Street.He is well known.上周日傍晚，有人曾见某君在市教堂取走雨伞一把。
取伞者若不愿卷入纠纷，还是将伞送回布劳德街十号为妙。
此君是谁，人尽皆知。
3、I have pinned a note on the notice board as reminder of our meeting next week.（词类转换）我在布告牌上别了个纸条用来提醒我们下周见面。
4、This essay is a proof of his capability of using the “right” word at the right place.（词类转换）这篇文章说明他把词用的很得体。
5、The complexity of the road map puzzled the truck driver.（词类转换）交通图非常复杂，使卡车司机如坠迷雾。
财北大、人大、中、北外教创办授 训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班
2013年河海大学
英语翻译硕士
考研真题及答案解析
育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生:
历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视.
有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。
翻译硕士英语
第一题 词汇部分 每题一分 共30 分
A 部分 共20题，考的单词不是很难。
这一部分没有语法，有单词辨析，近义词辨析，词形相近的单词辨析，还有纯粹考单词意思的。
B 部分 共5题，有语法一题，整理句子意思的两题。
C 部分 共5题，也不是很难，都是考一些简单的东西。
第二题
A 部分 阅读部分 每题一分 共30分
总体而言不是很难，题量也不是很大，只要专四阅读做的好就没有问题。
B 部分 翻译 共10分，5个小题
主要考习语俗语的翻译，这一部分只要稍微准备还是没有问题的。
第三题 写作部分 30 分
这一部分很简单，但是定要抓紧时间，要写400单词，得提前一个小时，这还是时间紧紧的。
今年的题目是 My views on translation as a bridge
英语翻译基础。
A man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways: as a member of some familial, pr ofessional or religious group, or as a member of a crowd. Groups are capable of being as moral a nd intelligent as the individuals who form them; a crowd is chaotic, has no purpose of its own an d is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking. Assembled in a crowd, peo ple lose their powers of reasoning and their capacity for moral choice. Their suggestibility is incre ased to the point where they cease to have any judgement or will of their own. They become ver y excitable, they lose all sense of individual or collective responsibility, they are subject to sudden excesses of rage, enthusiasm and panic. In a word, a man in a crowd behaves as though he had s wallowed a large dose of some powerful intoxicant. He is a victim of what I have called' herd-pois oning'. Like alcohol, herd- poison is an active, extravagant drug. The crowd-intoxicated individual escapes from responsibility, intelligence and morality into a kind of frantic, animal mindlessness. 一个人通过以下两种方式与社会直接接触：作为某个家庭、职业或宗教组织的成员，或者仅仅是隶属于某个群体。
视听说1知识点总结一、视听说的基本原理视听说的基本原理是通过让学生通过观看和听取英语视频、音频来学习英语。
这种教学方法以学生的视听感知为主要方式，通过让学生通过观看和听取英语视频、音频来学习并模仿英语语音、语调、语速等，达到提高英语听说能力的目的。
由于视听说的教学方式是以学生的视听感知为主要方式，所以它能够更好地激发学生的学习兴趣，让学生更轻松地学习英语，提高听说能力。
二、视听说的特点视听说的特点主要体现在以下几个方面：1. 以听说为主要目标。
视听说的教学方式以听说为主要目标，通过让学生通过观看和听取英语视频、音频来学习英语，帮助学生更轻松地提高英语听说能力。
2. 能够激发学生的学习兴趣。
视听说的教学方式能够更好地激发学生的学习兴趣，让学生更愿意去学习英语，提高学习效果。
3. 可以更好地帮助学生模仿。
通过让学生通过观看和听取英语视频、音频来学习和模仿英语语音、语调、语速等，可以更好地帮助学生模仿英语发音和语调，提高听说能力。
4. 便于学生自主学习。
视听说的教学方式适用于个人学习和小组学习，能够更好地便于学生自主学习。
三、视听说的教学策略视听说的教学策略主要包括以下几个方面：1. 选择适合学生水平和兴趣的视频、音频资源。
在视听说的教学中，选择适合学生水平和兴趣的视频、音频资源非常重要，能够更好地激发学生的学习兴趣。
2. 引导学生模仿。
在视听说的教学中，老师要引导学生通过观看和听取英语视频、音频来学习和模仿英语语音、语调、语速等，提高听说能力。
3. 激发学生的自主学习兴趣。
在视听说的教学中，老师要激发学生的自主学习兴趣，让学生更愿意去学习英语，提高学习效果。
4. 创造轻松、愉快的学习氛围。
在视听说的教学中，老师要创造轻松、愉快的学习氛围，让学生更轻松地学习英语，提高听说能力。
四、视听说的教学实践在视听说的教学实践中，老师可以通过以下几个方面来帮助学生提高英语听说能力：1. 制定合理的教学计划。
在视听说的教学中，老师要制定合理的教学计划，确保学生能够在规定的时间内提高英语听说能力。
Duanxx 的河海研究生英语Unit1 Ghosts for Tea——Duanxx——2014-10-07原文及翻译Ghosts for Tea 喝茶？闹鬼？ ' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope.'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck of 1935.'“在如此可爱清爽的早晨，10便士即可享受海湾的风景，观赏古老的灯塔和1935年失事的轮船的残骸”，一个拿着望远镜的老人吆喝着。
ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent.虽然要10便士简直就是赤裸裸的敲诈，但是这景色也的确算得上是蔚为壮观。
Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the beach, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea . Just below a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the lighthouse, the man beside me tapped my wrist.峭壁，绵延的向远方伸展；浪花，在海风的吹拂下，波光粼粼。
All of us communicate with one another nonverbally,as well as with words.Most of the time we' re not aware that we're doing it.We gesture with eyebrows or a hand,meet someone else's eyes and look away,shift positions in a chair.These actions we assume are random and incidental.But researchers have discovered in recent years that there is a system to them almost as consistent a nd comprehensible as language.我们所有人都会通过非语言的方式同其他人交流。
虽然很多时候我们并没有觉察到这一点。
我们通过手势和眉毛的变化来做敬礼的姿势，与其他人目光相遇再移开，在椅子上变换位置。
这些行为在我们看来都是随机无意的。
但研究者近年来发现这些肢体动作与语言一样，是一个连续一致且可以理解的系统。
Every culture has its own body language,and children absorb its nuances along with spoken lang uage.A Frenchman talks and moves in French.The way an Englishman crosses his legs is nothing like the way a male American does it.In talking,Americans are apt to end a statement with a dro op of the head or hand,a lowering of the eyelids.They wind up a question with a lift of the hand, a tilt of the chin,or a widening of the eyes.With a future - tense verb they often gesture with a f orward movement.每种文化都有其独特的肢体语言，法国人以法语的方式来说话和行动。
河海大学2015年1月份研究生英语一试卷结构一、听力20分（10+3+3+4）10条短对话+3篇小短文；听力用书原文，答案选项会乱序，有篇小短文的选项内容可能会变动，就比如这次的一篇关于熊猫的就变了，本来“吃得又慢又多”改成“吃得又快又多”，但仔细分析下选项还是可以判断出正确选项的。
二、词汇10分（5+5）10题填空+10题划线同义词；课后练习原题。
三、完型15分15个填空；这次是来自Unit 6 How to Read Body Language段落节选句子拼在一起；还有部分也出现在词汇练习里面。
四、阅读20分（5×4）2篇课后阅读原文原题（P27 passage2，P58 passage 1）+2篇课外阅读五、翻译20分（10+10）第一道英译汉：来自Unit 5 Take a Lesson from the Economists 段落节选句子拼成一段Economics is the dismal science: so say the large number of people who heap scorn on the intellectural merits of the discipline.（第一段）Due to the general measurement difficulties, as well as unforeseen events such as wars or natural disasters, economic forecasts are almost always wrong, sometimes by wide margins. （第三段）But the economists have been able to use the vagueness with which their subject is afflicted to their advantage. （第五段）（此处由机器翻译，你们自己尝试翻译下）经济学是沉闷的科学:所以说,大量的人嗤之以鼻的方式的优点的纪律。
由于通用测量困难,以及不可预见的事件,如战争或自然灾害,经济预测几乎总是错的,有时是由宽的利润率。
但是，经济学家们已经能够使用的模糊性，其主题是困扰自己的优势。
第二道汉译英：来自Unit 4 Explicit and Implicit Moral Education 相关段落节选句子拼成一段，衔接处稍有变动。
（大致意思如下）理论上，显性道德教育由学校的道德教育课堂影响；实际上，通过潜移默化的课程的隐性道德教育影响更大。
如果老师有明确一致的标准，就会决定他们对学生的态度，进而影响学生的道德价值观。
此外，隐性德育不能只是学校单独提供，还要外界团体的每个成员。
问题的根本是每个人而不仅仅是学校里的老师来充当道德教师。
我们成年人所说的所做的，都影响到那些易受外界影响的年轻人的道德价值观。
（此处翻译摘自原文）However, in the existing situation, the only effective moraleducation is likely to be an implicit one. This means that schools are likely to contribute to moral education more by what is known as the hidden curriculum, than by structured moral lessons in the classroom.and if teachers have well-defined and coherent standards which determine their attitude to students and the type and manner of work which they expect from them, some of that responsible probity is expressed in its organization and attitudes that a school influences the moral values of pupils.Furthermore, implicit moral education is not being provided by schools alone, but by every member of the community outside.The root of the matter is that everyone, not school employees alone, is a moral teacher. Everything a person does, every choice made, every action taken, is influencing the morals of those who know about it, and the morals of those who are still young and impressionable.七、写作15分评论一句话，举例说明。
来自Unit 7 The Healing power of Belief ：“Illness is not a laughing matter, but perhaps it ought to be.”期末试卷题型及考试范围☆客观题（不用带耳机，但要涂卡，记得带2B铅笔及橡皮）①听力理解（1*20=20）：基本上都是听力课教材的原题（英语一、二）②词汇（0.5*20=10）：全部来自《研英》Unit11-14&16-20&24课后词汇题的原题（英语一）一半来自《研英》课后原题，一半来自《学英》Unit5-8原题（英语二）③完形填空（1*15=15）：从《研英》Unit11-14&16-20&24的某篇课文原文中挖空出题（英语一、二）④阅读理解（1*20=20）：两篇为《研英》Unit11-14&16-20&24课后原题，两篇为课外（英语一、二）☆主观题（注意把握时间，客观题可能的话尽量提前预记答案，留足够的时间给主观题）①翻译（10*2=20）：一段英译汉，一段汉译英，均与课文有一定的相关度（英语一、二）②写作（1*15=15）：一篇大作文（英语一、二）研究生英语教程》Unit11-14&16-20&24词汇题释义（英语一、二）Unit11In response to作为对…的回应Rest on/be based on基于core n.核心display v.展现出conform v.符合lag behind落后greed n.贪婪reveal v.使显露no wonder难怪despair n.绝望final/ultimate adj.最终的as a whole/at large总的来说dislike/detest v.憎恶theme/message n.主题思想change/transform v.改变love/affection n.爱sympathy/compassion n.同情gather/cluster v.聚集obvious/evident adj.明显的lonely/solitary adj.孤独的search for/forage for v.寻找abandon/desert v.抛弃mean adj.刻薄的repellent/disgusting adj.令人厌恶的sense/feel v.感受到essence/nature n.本质bizarre/strange adj.怪异的unceasing/unremitting adj.坚持不懈的bawl v.号啕大哭signify/mean v.意味着Unit12The way+从句=as+从句就像…一样Bear v.带有（某种标记或特征）Individual n.个人Wear out磨坏After all毕竟Submerge v.完全掩盖Credential n.文凭Birth n.出身Survival n.幸存Abandon v.放弃put...into words用语言表达…denial n.否认callous adj.冷酷无情的reward v.报答interaction n.相互交流ruthless adj.残忍的lure/tempt v.引诱assemble/gather v.聚集fuss v.紧张不安in homage to/in honor of向…表示敬意acute/severe adj.严重的wrestle with绞尽脑汁处理struggle with艰难地做revolt/rebel v.反抗merit/worth n.价值fire/dismiss v.炒鱿鱼unsympathetic/callous adj.冷漠无情的Unit13Vista n.前景Skimp on吝惜Notion n.看法Indispensable adj.不可或缺的Impart v.告知Sneerat v.讥笑Subscriber n.订阅者Slippery adj.滑溜溜的Contemplate v.考虑Exactitude n.准确Providence n.上天,天意Coordination n.协作,协调Falter v.停滞不前Converge v.交汇Inherit v.继承Acknowledge v.承认Gigantic adj.巨大的Arduous adj.艰巨的Triple adj.三重的Courteous adj.彬彬有礼的Unit14Suppose v.认为appeal n.恳请,呼吁error n.失误get in touch with sb.与某人联系sheer adj.完全的beat v.击败obscure adj.名不见经传的equivalent adj.相等的knack n.本领alternative n.可供选择的事物screw up搞砸base...on把…基于amiable adj.和蔼可亲的settle v.解决unique adj.独一无二的be bound to do sth.必然会做某事routine adj.常规的jumble n.一团乱clumsy adj.笨手笨脚的mimic v.模仿cluster/mass n.群flawless/faultless adj.无瑕可谪的wince/drawback退避random/aimless adj.漫无目的的stun/shock v.使震惊crucial/decisive adj.决定性的snatch/seize v.抓住debate/argue v.争论faculty/capability n.能力endowment/gift n.禀赋Unit16Literally adv.[口语]简直Open adj.（机会、选择等）可得到的Standout in the crowd鹤立鸡群Rush n.匆忙Come in for sth.遭到（责备）criticism of/over sth.对…的批评hectic adj.紧张忙碌的backup证实（某种说法）humanity n.人性,人道perturb v.使心烦意乱archaic adj.过时的;陈旧的sharply/swiftly adv.敏捷地guts/bravery n.勇气outrage/irritate v.激怒on...grounds/on the grounds of...以…为由lurk/hide v.潜藏badger/bother v.纠缠,烦扰violently/strongly adv.强烈地be/stand in awe of...对…敬畏have/show respect for...对…表示尊敬manful/brave adj.勇敢的gospel/creed n.信条Unit17Transient adj.短暂的Feature n.专题文章,专题报道Readership n.读者人数The guardian英国《卫报》Editorial n.社论Commentary n.评论性文章或著作Topical adj.热门话题的Chop off砍掉Pulitzer Prize普利策新闻奖Journalism n.新闻业Headline v.以大字标题刊登;大肆宣传Spectrum n.系列,范围inflexible/firm adj.坚定不移的the bulk of...主要部分review/comment v.评论arguably adv.可论证地,可以说demonstrably adv.可论证地,明显地gist/essence n.主旨,要点recapitulate/summarize v.总结sizable/considerable adj.相当大的furnish/provide v.提供upwards of/more than多于sequence/succession n.次序,连续Unit18Characterize v.描述（人或物）的特征Appreciate v.欣赏;感激Cherish v.怀念（过去）Convince v.使相信Reveal v.透露Not to speak of更不用说Specify v.明确说明,具体指定Embarrass v.使困难;使窘迫Put emphasis on...把重点放在…上Stretch v.延伸,绵延Be worthy of...配得上…Rest on/be based on依赖于,基于Deny oneself to不会见,谢绝Incredulous adj.表示怀疑的Faculty n.官能Convince sb. of...使某人相信…Stroke n.（笔或刷子的）一笔;笔画doom sb.to a particular fatebe doomed to failure注定要失败sb.is destined to behave in a particular waybe destined to fail注定要失败impend v.悬挂tender n.投标all but/almost几乎(every)now and then/at times不时compassion/sympathy n.同情dormant adj.潜伏的,暂停活动的petty/unimportant adj.微不足道的let it go at that就此罢休cadre of long standing老干部circulate/go about流通listless/sluggish adj.无精打采的Unit19Sustain v.支撑着inflict...on sb.使某人遭受…inflict A’s ideas on B把A的想法强加于Bstrike-struck-stricken v.一下子想起be content with...对…满意indulge v.纵容娇惯impose...on强加in a good mood心情不错egoist/egotist n.自我主义者fling v.猛掷;猛动fling the window open推开窗户amuse v.逗笑odor/odour n.气味durable adj.耐用的cling to紧贴detect v.察觉到likewise adv.同样地compelling adj.有说服力的down the line/fully完全地ramble/wander v.漫步undisciplined adj.无纪律的,没规矩的unrestrained adj.不受控制的gift/talent n.天赋ingredient/factor n.要素resort/recourse n.依靠,诉诸assume/suppose v.猜想downcast/depressed adj.沮丧的spell/period n.一段时间emerge/arise v.出现remark n.评论,意见nullify/cancel v.使无效,撤销tamper with/interfere with干预dwell/live v.居住Unit20Result from由…引起Depend on...for...Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.小孩依赖父母供给衣食。
