英国药监局MHRA对质量风险管理的问答
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MHRA-英国医药与保健食品管理局Laboratory AnalysisInvestigations of "Out of Specification (OOS) / Out of Trend (OOT)/ Atypical-results" have to be done in cases of:在如下情况下应开展OOS /OOT /异常结果结果调查– Batch release testing and testing of starting materials.批放行检验及原物料检验– In-Process Control testing: if data is used for batch alculations /decisions and if in a dossier and on Certificates of Analysis.过程控制检验:如果数据用作在记录或者检验报告作为批计算/决定– Stability studies on marketed batches of finished products and or active pharmaceutical ingredients, on-going / follow up stability (no stress tests)成品和/或原料药市售批次的稳定性研究,用作持续跟踪稳定性(非破坏性试验)– Previous released batch used as reference sample in an OOS investigation showing OOS or suspect results.产品放行批之前在OOS调查中的参考品显示OOS或者非预期结果。
– Batches for clinical trials.临床试验批• All solutions and reagents must be retained until all data has been second person verified as being within the defined acceptance criteria.所有溶液和实际必须保留,直到数据被第二个人证实在规定的可接受标准内。
CAPA和调查过程管理仍是检查关注的焦点GMP News19/11/2014Managing CAPA and Investigation Processes still in the Focus of InspectoratesCAPA和调查过程管理仍是检查关注的焦点Deviations and CAPA remain hot topics in inspections. The inspectorates' summaries of their observations show that things do not always work as desired. Recently, the U.K. authority MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency) published its Top Ten Deficiency Categories. The report "GMP Inspection Deficiencies 2013" covers 630 inspections performed in 2013. According to the report, "deficiencies relating to 'Quality Systems' are by far the most prevalent observed during inspections".偏差和CAPA仍是检查的热点话题。
检查缺陷总结显示这些方面的操作并不总是如期望一样有用。
最近,英国药监MHRA公布了缺陷分类前十名。
报告“2013GMP检查缺陷”包括了在2013年进行的630次检查。
根据该份报告,“与‘质量体系’相关的缺陷到目前为止是检查中最常见的缺陷”。
The most common deficiencies during the time frame considered are listed below:在上述时间框架内最常见缺陷列出如下:1. Investigation of anomalies 1. 异常调查2. Quality management 2. 质量管理3. Investigation of anomalies - CAPA 3. 异常调查---CAPA4. Contamination, chemical/physical (or potential for) 4. 污染,化学/物理(或潜在)5. Supplier and contractor audit 5. 供应商和合同外包审计6. Quality management - change control 6. 质量管理---变更控制7. Documentation - procedures/PSF/TAs 7. 文件---程序和PSF/TAs8. Personnel issues – training 8. 人员问题---培训9. Design and maintenance of equipment 9. 设备设计和维护10. Documentation - manufacturing 10. 文件记录---生产11. Finished product testing – chemical 11. 成品检测---化学As in the previous year, the investigation of anomalies is again at the top of the list. Observations concerning CAPA issues already follow on the third position.与上年度一样,异常情况调查再次列在清单首位。
MHRA GMP Data Integrity Definitions and Guidance for Industry March 2015MHRA GMP 数据完整性定义和行业指导原则2015年3月简述:Data integrity is fundamental in a pharmaceutical quality system which ensures that medicines are of the required quality. This document provides MHRA guidance on GMP data integrity expectations for the pharmaceutical industry. This guidance isintended to complement existing EU GMP relating to active substances and dosage forms, and should be read in conjunction with national medicines legislation and the GMP standards published in Eudralex volume 4.数据完整性是制药质量体系确保药品质量的基石。
本文提供了MHRA对制药行业GMP数据完整性方面的指导原则。
本指导原则旨在对现有欧盟有关原料药和药物制剂的GMP进行补充说明,需结合国家药品法规及颁布在Eudralex 第四册内的GMP标准进行阅读理解。
The data governance system should be integral to the pharmaceutical quality system described in EU GMP chapter 1. The effort and resource assigned to data governance should be commensurate with the risk to product quality, and should also be balanced with otherquality assurance resource demands. As such, manufacturers and analytical laboratories arenot expected to implement a forensic approach to data checking on a routine basis, butinstead design and operate a system which provides an acceptable state of control based onthe data integrity risk, and which is fully documented with supporting rationale.数据管理体系应该与欧盟EU GMP第一章所述的质量体系结合在一起。
FDA对cGMP法规的解释途径美国FDA对GMP法规的解释途径以下几种形式体现,GMP导言(Preamble)、GMP问答(Questions and Answers on cGMP)、符合性程序(Compliance Program Manual)、检查手册(Inspection Guide)、指南(Guidance)、483 (检查发现的缺陷)、警告信、法庭判决等。
举例来说,GMP导言是FDA在出台GMP法规时,对此前征集的企业意见和问题所作出的正式回答;FDA出台过固体制剂、水系统、实验室等等诸多检查手册,指导检查员检查哪些内容,这就相当于解释了具体有哪些要求;FDA出台过诸多指南文件,内容覆盖GMP的方方面面,例如工艺验证指南、实验室超标结果(OOS)处理的指南、无菌操作指南、分析方法验证指南、稳定性试验指南等等。
这些成文的对GMP的解释,能够帮助企业来理解GMP法规的要求,按照要求来执行生产质量管理,以达到FDA的期望。
对于监管单位来说,这些正式的解释有助于检查员掌握检查的要求,并在实际检查中应用。
现将其链接如下:一、GMP导言(Preamble)1978年Preamble的下载地址:/downloads/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/CDER/UCM095852.txt2008年Preamble的下载地址:/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2008_register&docid=fr08se08-8二、GMP问答(Questions and Answers on cGMP)/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm124740.htm三、符合性程序(Compliance Program Manual)/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm064971.htm 四、检查手册(Inspection Guide)/ICECI/ComplianceManuals/ComplianceProgramManual/default.htm#drugs五、指南(Guidance)/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/default.htm六、警告信/ICECI/EnforcementActions/WarningLetters/default.htmFDA给浙江凯胜发布警告信2011年8月11日FDA给浙江凯胜畜产品加工有限公司(Zhejiang Casing Animal By-Products Co.Ltd)发布了警告信(警告信编号WL:320-11-018),主要问题有:1. 产品放行前质量部门不能审查关键工艺步骤的实验室控制记录。
国内外药品数据可靠性监管法规的比较研究目的:为进一步提升药品生产企业的数据可靠性管理水平提供参考。
方法:介绍美国FDA、世界卫生组织(WHO)、英国药品和医疗保健用品管理局(MHRA)以及国际药品监管公约/药品监管合作计划(PIC/S)的药品数据可靠性监管法规,并与我国食品药品监督管理总局(CFDA)相关法规进行对比研究。
结果与结论:经比较,发现国内外均较重视药品生产企业的数据可靠性管理,所发布的有关数据可靠性监管法规各有特色。
首先,美国FDA、WHO、英国MHRA、PIC/S和CFDA都强调了应对系统设置访问权限,任何进入系统的人员都应经过授权,从而确保数据的保密性和可靠性;其次,对于审计追踪功能,美国FDA、英国MHRA、WHO和CFDA都作了明确要求;再次,在记录的形式方面,美国FDA 和英国MHRA均强调了纸质记录和电子记录之间的等效性,WHO则要求手写原始数据必须录入计算机化系统,使得数据可追溯,CFDA则表示两者均可接受;最后,国内外药监机构都很重视风险管理工具的使用。
但我国法规对于进入计算机化系统人员授权的唯一性、保证纸质数据和电子数据之间的等效性等问题的规定仍有欠缺。
關键词数据可靠性;药品生产企业;监管法规;国内;国外ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for further improving the management of data integrity in drug manufacturing enterprises. METHODS:From perspective of drug data integrity supervision regulations of FDA,World Health Organization(WHO),UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)and Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme(PIC/S),comparative study was performed according to the relevant laws and regulations of China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA). RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:By comparison,data integrity management of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises has been paid more attention at home and abroad,and the relevant regulatory regulations on data integrity issued by them have their own characteristics. Firstly,FDA,WHO,MHRA,PIC/S and CFDA emphasize that system access rights should be set,and that anyone entering the system should be authorized so as to ensure data confidentiality and integrity. Secondly,for audit trail function,FDA,MHRA,WHO and CFDA have made clear requirements. Thirdly,both FDA and MHRA emphasize the equivalence between paper records and electronic records,while WHO requires that handwritten raw data must be entered into computer system to make the data traceable;CFDA expresses that both are acceptable. Finally,both domestic and foreign drug supervision institutions attach great importance to the use of risk management tools. However,there are still some deficiencies in China’s laws and regulations concerning the uniqueness of the authorization of personnel entering computer systems and the equivalence between paper data and electronic data.KEYWORDS Data integrity;Pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises;Supervision regulation;Domestic;Foreign质量管理的发展历经了从主观质量到客观质量、结果质量到过程质量直至今天全面质量标准化管理的多个阶段。
Intravenous zoledronic acid: adverse effects on renal functionArticle date: April 2010SummaryZoledronic acid is associated with reports of renal impairment and renal failure, especially in patients with pre-existing renal dysfunction or other risk factors. Renal function should be measured before each dose, and patients should be adequately hydrated before treatment. Renal function monitoring is recommended after use of zoledronic acid in at-risk patients—especially those with pre-existing renal impairment. Use in patients with severe renal impairment is generally not recommended, but may be considered for tumour-induced hypercalcaemia, if the benefits outweigh the risks.∙Zoledronic acid 5 mg for infusion (Aclasta▼) is used for the once-yearly treatment of osteoporosis in patients at increased risk of fracture, and as a single dose for the treatment ofPaget’s disease of the bone.∙Zoledronic acid 4 mg for infusion (Zometa) is given every 3–4 weeks for the reduction of bone damage in advanced malignancies involving bone, and as a single dose for tumour-inducedhypercalcaemia.Zoledronic acid is associated with reports of renal impairment and renal failure, especially in patients with pre-existing renal dysfunction or other risk factors. The product information for Zometa already contains strong warnings and precautions regarding renal impairment and renal failure.Warnings in the product information for Aclasta▼ are being strengthened following reports of renal failure or renal impairment with its use. There have been 139 worldwide suspected reports (14 fatal) of renal impairment or renal failure up to 14 August 2009, and six UK suspected reports (one fatal) of renal impairment or renal failure up to 5 March 2010, following the administration of Aclasta▼. The majority of cases were associated with the first dose, and generally occurred in patients with pre-existing renal dysfunction or other risk factors, including: advanced age; use of concomitant nephrotoxic drugs or diuretic therapy; or dehydration. Renal failure requiring dialysis or resulting in death has occurred in some at-risk patients.A letter was sent to healthcare professionals in March 2010, regarding the updated product information for Aclasta▼.Advice for healthcare professionals:The following precautions should be taken into account to minimise the risk of renal adverse reactions with zoledronic acid:For all patients receiving zoledronic acid∙Renal function should be measured before each infusion of zoledronic acid∙Patients, especially elderly patients and those receiving diuretic therapy, should be appropriately hydrated before administration of zoledronic acid∙The duration of infusion of zoledronic acid should be at least 15 minutes∙Monitoring of renal function after zoledronic acid infusion should be considered, particularly in at-risk patients such as: those with pre-existing renal dysfunction; those of advanced age; those using concomitant nephrotoxic drugs or diuretic therapy; or those who are dehydrated ∙Zoledronic acid should be used with caution when used concomitantly with medicines that could affect renal functionFor patients receiving Aclasta▼∙ A single dose of Aclasta▼ for the treatment of osteoporosis and Paget’s disease of the bone should not exceed 5 mg∙Aclasta▼ should not be used in patients with creatin ine clearance <35 mL/minFor patients receiving Zometa∙The recommended dose for Zometa in patients with normal renal function is 4 mg, which should be reduced in patients with mild-to-moderate renal impairment∙Zometa for cancer treatment is not recommended for use in patients with creatinine clearance<30 mL/min, and should only be considered for the treatment of hypercalcaemia in cancerpatients with severe renal impairment after evaluating the risk and benefits of treatment ∙In patients who show evidence of renal deterioration during the treatment period, Zometa should be with-held and only resumed when serum creatinine returns to within 10% of baselineArticle citation: Drug Safety Update April 2010, vol 3 issue 9: 6.。
英语沙龙第十七期English Salon(NO.17)MHRA GMP Data Integrity Definitions and Guidance for Industry March 2015 MHRA GMPMHRA GMP数据完整性定义和行业指导原则2015 年3 月Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency(MHRA)英国药监机构Data integrity is fundamental in a pharmaceutical quality system which ensures that medicines are of the required quality. This document provides MHRA guidance on GMP data integrity expectations for the pharmaceutical industry. This guidance is intended to complement existing EU GMP relating to active substances and dosage forms, and should be read in conjunction with national medicines legislation and the GMP standards published in Eudralex volume 4.数据完整性是制药质量体系确保药品质量的基石。
本文提供了MHRA 对制药行业GMP 数据完整性方面的指导原则。
本指导原则旨在对现有欧盟有关原料药和药物制剂的GMP 进行补充说明,需结合国家药品法规及颁布在Eudralex第四册内的GMP 标准进行阅读理解。
The data governance system should be integral to the pharmaceutical quality system described in EU GMP chapter 1. The effort and resource assigned to data governance should be commensurate with the risk to product quality, and should also be balanced with other quality assurance resource demands. As such, manufacturers and analytical laboratories are not expected to implement a forensic approach to data checking on a routine basis, but instead design and operate a system which provides an acceptable state of control based on the data integrity risk, and which is fully documented with supporting rationale.数据管理体系应该与欧盟EU GMP 第一章所述的质量体系结合在一起。
MHRA 的OOS 指南与问答1、英国药监局MHRA 是否有OOS 调查指南?调查指南?答:有的请链接。
Out of specification investigations(194Kb)2、如果已决定拒收,为什么还要进行OOS 调查?调查?答:至少要进行第一阶段的调查以便找出原因,并确定是否有其他批次也可能受到影响。
找到根源后才能进行适当的纠正和预防措施。
到影响。
找到根源后才能进行适当的纠正和预防措施。
3、应由谁来进行OOS 调查?调查? 答:应由涉及的制造商和实验室进行调查。
答:应由涉及的制造商和实验室进行调查。
4、OOT (Out of Trend )结果如何处理?)结果如何处理?答:OOT 的处理与OOS 的处理类似。
的处理类似。
5、在进行OOS 调查调查时时,执行合同委托方合同委托方的的OOS 处理处理程序程序程序,,合同合同接受接受接受方方(接受实验室)能实验室)能同意吗同意吗同意吗??答:答:期望合同期望合同期望合同实验室(实验室(实验室(合同合同合同接受接受接受方方)执行自己自己的的程序去程序去进行进行OOS 调查,调查,足够灵足够灵活地支符合合同委托方活地支符合合同委托方的的程序需程序需要。
要。
要。
合同委托方合同委托方合同委托方应应对合同对合同接受接受接受方方的OOS 处理处理程程序进行适进行适用性评估用性评估用性评估。
6、如何进行OOS 调查才有调查才有意义意义意义??答:OOS 调查应当调查应当全面全面全面,及,及,及时时,公正,正,科学科学科学,并有,并有,并有良好记录良好记录良好记录。
7、什么、什么时候开始启动生产时候开始启动生产时候开始启动生产调查?调查?调查?答:应该从该从第第二阶段阶段开始启动生产开始启动生产开始启动生产调查,调查,或者或者是在第一阶段的调查是在第一阶段的调查是在第一阶段的调查没没有找到实验室原因室原因或不清楚或不清楚或不清楚其原因其原因其原因时即启动生产时即启动生产时即启动生产调查。
最新指南:MHRA数据完整性Posted 13 March 2018 | By Zachary Brennan2018年3月13日由扎卡里.布莱南发布Safeguarding data to ensure patient safety and the quality of medical products is at the forefront of new guidance from the UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).保护数据安全以确保患者安全和医疗产品质量是英国药品和保健品监管机构(MHRA)的最新指导原则的前沿。
Data integrity issues have been cited frequently in US FDA Form 483s and warning letters for pharmaceutical and active ingredient manufacturers, as well as in statements of noncompliance with GMP from MHRA.数据完整性问题在FDA的483、药品和API生产企业的警告信中,以及在MHRA的不符合GMP的声明中经常被提及。
Examples of such issues include attempts to dispose of or re-enter certain data on computer systems.此类问题的例子包括试图处理或重新输入计算机系统的某些数据。
“The risks to data are determined by the potential to be deleted, amended or excluded without authorisation and the opportunity for detection of those activities and events,” MHRA’s guidance says. “The risks to data may be increased by complex, inconsistent processes with open-ended and subjective outcomes, compared to simple tasks that are undertakenconsistently, are well defined and have a clear objective.”MHRA的指导说:“数据的风险是由在没有授权的情况下被删除、修改或被排除的可能性以及发现这些活动和事件的机会所决定的。
英国药监局MHRA对质量风险管理的问答
1. 是否所有检查都要覆盖到质量风险管理?
答:是的,质量风险管理(QRM)是欧盟GMP指南第一章节和附件第20的要求。
所有制造许可持有人,第三国生产厂,血液机构,血库和API制造商必须有一个质量风险管理系统。
检查员审查时将质量风险管理审计做为质量体系的一部分(连同投诉,召回,偏差,产品质量审核等)。
此外,检查人员可能在审查具体事件时要进行特定的风险评估。
检查员将根据风险的重要性合理安排分配时间。
如果需要检查员还会要求公司提供一份正式的风险评估,重大决策和结论的汇总表或带一份该复印件做进一步检查的考虑。
2. 缺陷项如何进行分类?
答:如同其他领域的检查一样,检查官将根据缺陷项的重要性进行归类。
通常情况下,没有系统管理程序应为重要缺陷(major deficiency),有系统管理程序但有较小的偏差应归为其他缺陷。
关键缺陷可能会对患者安全构成威胁的缺陷项,这样就可能需要进行质量风险评估。
质量风险管理缺陷属于质量体系缺陷的一部分。
总之,要有一个明确缺陷分类的程序规定。
3. 公司是否要建立一个程序规定如何进行生产与GMP的质量风险管理?
答:是的。
该程序的建立应当与质量体系一体化,要将计划内的和计划外的事件进行风险评估。
期望公司能够将质量风险管理具体化。
SOP程序应对计划内和计划外事件如何进行操作做出一个通用的要求。
SOP 程序应包括范围,职责,控制,审批,管理系统,适用性,不适用事件。
4. 将质量风险管理与节约成本综合考虑是否可接受?
答:质量风险管理期望能对药品和患者的风险控制在一个可接受的水平。
公司应当评估其控制系统的有效性以实现最佳控制,确保产品质量和患者安全。
如果能以成本效益方式实现,又能维持或降低风险,患者是可以接受的。
但是,为了达到节约成本,而采用不适当的风险控制方法是不能接受的。
5. 生产厂地是否需要建立一个正式的风险登记和管理程序吗?
答:是的。
应当有风险登记和管理(或同等的标题文件)程序文件。
规定如何进行风险登记,如何对关键风险进行跟踪,如何去降低风险。
应该有一个明确的评估参照标准去进行风险评估,风险登记要与风险评估的参照标准列表相链接。
风险管理的审核要到位,风险管理审查可纳入质量管理评审。
6.在质量风险管理中使用什么工具是可以接受的?
答:在附件GMP附件20(和ICH9)中目前虽然没有明确列出了一些例子。
但在某些情况下,可以使用结合性工具或方式进行。
使用什么样的工具最重要的标准是它能支持一个良好的风险评估(见下文)。
7. 对每一个风险评估是否都必须有正式评估和发布完整报告?
答:正如欧盟GMP指南第一章所说:“质量风险管理过程所采用的方法措施、形式及形成的文件应当与存在风险的级别相适应”。
检查官期待的正式程度要考虑实际的风险的大小,应有做了什么的书面记录。
这样做将会直接导致更多的重要风险特性越来越多的被认知与控制。
8. 什么是良好风险评估(good risk assessment)的关键属性?
答:应包括下列内容(要注意留心以前描述的风险):
●明确被评估的工艺有什么危害/有什么风险,
对患者可能有什么影响;
●系统地鉴别风险因子;
●充分考虑现有科学知识
●由有经验的人进行风险评估
●用事实证据支持专家评估得出的结论
●不能包括不合理的假设●鉴别所有的预期风险(简单明确的事实描述
与评估,必要时有风险降低方法)
●记录到适当的水平,并控制/批准
●最终连接到对患者的保护
●包含客观的风险降低计划(risk mitigation
plans)
9. 计划内和计划外的风险评估有什么区别?
答:计划内风险评估是指对开展活动前所进行的风险评估。
将质量与风险控制构建在活动之中(QbD),例如对细胞毒性产品生产的设施设计/标签打印室的设计。
计划外风险评估是指对已发生的计划外事件的影响评估,例如工作中出现的偏差影响。
10. 期望对风险评估的结论是对患者不构成安全风险吗?
答:现实中的所有情况只能将一个风险降低到一个可能接受的程度。
风险的容忍度取绝于患者的情况和使用该产品前应遵守的要求和控制。
风险降低计划能对患者的安全风险进行识别与控制。
企业应该全面考虑和关注过去经常发生的关键问题,使风险降低计划有足够的耐用性。
检查人员应当评估风险发生的可能性和可能的后果,从而对患者的风险减少到最小。
事实上有可能会被提出挑战。
这种评估不应该考虑到厂商/公司的财务情况。
11. 风险评估超出某些法规要求怎么办?
答:不符合法律/法规或GMP要求的风险评估是不能接受的。
例如注册产品由非质量授权人(QP)放行。
另外,风险评估可作为一种工具用在GMP系统中来识别,量化和对患者的安全风险到最小化。
12. 如何控制风险评估?
答:风险评估应按规定的程序要求进行。
如果风险评估是一个持续的过程,该评估应以变更控制来进行并定期审核,例如在线清洁的风险评估。
审查的频率应根据工艺的性质决定。
这种风险评估应被看作是动态的,根据需要随时变更。
活动外的风险不需要控制,但必须要记录,批准和保存。
例如起始原料在贮存中温度漂移的评估。
13. 风险评估必须要由事实支持或专业判断吗?
答:风险评估要有事实证据来支持。
例如:防止交叉污染的厂房精细设计,假设有10年的使用历史或已有一个防止交叉污染的SOP经过五年的运行是不够的,将会受到风险评估的挑战。
应当使用专业判断去解释获得的事实,但必须应有接受的理由。
14. 因风险评估的评分是主观的,所以风险评估得出的结论可能会有危险?
答:评分系统和控制启动点是主观的。
但是,在风险评估中评分是很重要的。
如果有事实证据的支持,应该更加容易得出该启动什么样的风险降低行动,这与评分一样重要。
公司不应该狭隘地考虑评分的风险,要考虑实际发生的可能性,能被检测到的可能性和后果的严重性。
检查人员将会关注因使用不当的风险评估方法,而接受了不好的方法或接受了不应接受的对病人的风险。
15. 让外部顾问参加生产厂的风险评估是否可以接受?
答:由顾问提供风险评估的支持也许是可以的,因他们能提供具体的专业知识支持,他们在风险评估的作用应该是清楚的。
但委托的理由与义务应当明确规定。
这种委托进行的生产厂地的风险评估是有效的,而且还包括了适当的技能,知识,地方知识和地方义务。
技术协议适合于顾问的GMP职责制定。
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16. 让合同工进行生产厂的风险评估是否可以接受?
答:这应当是合同制员工。
例如:由产品授权人领导或参加的风险评估,其职责和义务必须在职责描述的技术文件中明确规定。