考研英语阅读材料汇编之文教类4毙考题

考研英语阅读材料汇编之文教类(3)阅读是考研英语的重要题型之一，也是保障英语成绩的关键题目。

因此，考研学子们要充分重视英语阅读，除了平时多多阅读英语杂志、报纸外，还需要针对阅读进行专项训练。

小编整理了关于考研英语阅读题源的系列文章考研英语阅读材料汇编之文教类(3)，请参考!Girls Going Mild(er)Consider the following style tips for girls: skirts and dresses should fall no more than four fingers above the knee. No tank tops without a sweater or jacket over them. Choose a bra that has a little padding to help disguise when you are cold. These fashion hints may sound like the prim mandates of a 1950s health film.But they are from the Web site of Pure Fashion, a modeling and etiquette program for teen girls whose goal is to show the public it is possible to be cute, stylish and modest. Pure Fashion has put on 13 shows in 2007 featuring 600 models. National director Brenda Sharman estimates there will be 25 shows in 2008. It is not the only newfangled outlet for old-school ideas about how girls should dress: , ModestByDesign. com and all advocate a return to styles that leave almost everything to the imagination. They cater to what writer Wendy Shalit claims is a growing movement of girls gone mild --teens and young women who are rejecting promiscuous bad girl roles embodied by Britney Spears, Bratz Dolls and the nameless. shirtless thousands in Girls Gone Wild videos. Instead, these girls cover up, insist on enforced curfews on college campuses, bring their moms on their dates and pledge to stay virgins until married. And they spread the word: in Pennsylvania, a group of high-school girls girlcotted Abercrombie Fitch for selling T shirts with suggestive slogans (who needs brains when you have these?). Newly launched Eliza magazine bills itself as a modest fashion magazine for the 17- to 34-year-old demographic. Macy s has begun carrying garments by Shade Clothing, which was founded by two Mormon women wanting trendy, but not-revealing, clothes. And Miss Utah strode the runway of the 2007 Miss America pageant in a modestly cut one-piece swimsuit. (She didn t win the crown.) According to Shalit, this youth-led rebellion is a welcome corrective to our licentious, oversexed times. But is the new modesty truly a revolution, or is it merely an inevitable reaction to a culture of increased female sexual empowerment, similar to the backlash against flappers in the 1920s and second-wave feminists in the 1970s?Shalit has made a career of cataloging the degradations of our culture while championing crusades of virtue. Her first book, A Return to Modesty, argued that chastity was hot--and informed readers she intended to remain a virgin until her wedding night. Shalit says she was inundated with letters and e-mail from girls dismayed by cultural pressure to be bad. She began a Web site, --there are at least a dozen similar ones toddy and started collecting information from 3,000 e-mail exchanges between 1999 and 2006. There s a dawning awareness that maybenot everyone participating in these behaviors is happy with them, so let s not assume everyone doing this is empowered, she says. She blames the usual suspects: media, misguided feminist professors, overly permissive parents. Sharman also points a finger at Moms Cone Wild. It used to be that moms would control the way their daughters dressed. But now we have this Desperate Housewives culture, and the moms are as influenced by the media as the kids, she says. They ve lost the sense of encouraging their daughters to be ladylike. Pure Fashion, which is affiliated with the Roman Catholic organization Regnum Chrisri, aims to help young ladies make better choices, say Sharman.This not the first time women have been asked to make these choices. During a century of tumult over the roles and rights of women, fashion and sexual expression have remained lightning rods for controversy. The forward-thinking women of the 1920s who cut their hair, threw out their corsets and dared to smoke in public were the Britney Spearses and Paris Hiltons of their day, says Joshua Zeitz, author of Flapper: A Madcap Story of Sex,Style, Celebrity, and the Women Who Made America Modern . Everything is relative girls weren t wearing thongs or getting bikini waxes, but they were coming to school in knee-length skirts, wearing lipstick and smoking, Zeitz says. The concern at the time was that the culture was sexualizing young girls. The backlash came during the Great Depression, when you see a movement to get women back into the home, in part to correct this culture of licentiousness.The most recent attempt to turn back the clock may be a reaction to yet another sexual revolution: Gays and lesbians are becoming mainstreamed, women make up more than half of college populations, they re becoming full partners in the workplace and there s a general cultural deconstruction of what gender means, Zeitz says. We go through waves of progress and reaction, but you can never bottle these things back up for real.Another explanation may be the mainstreaming of conservative religious values. Just as what would Jesus do, bracelets enjoyed a cultural moment on par with rubber live strong bands, faith-based programs like Pure Fashion (which theoretically answers the question What Would Mary Wear? ) are gaining acceptance in the culture at large. Most modest-clothing Web sites have religious underpinnings, from Mormon to Christian to Muslim, but attract nonreligious customers as well. Shalit is an Orthodox Jew, now married to a rabbi, and many girls she profiles see religion as motivating. Since the good girl today is often socially ostracized, a lot of girl naturally find solace in their faith in God, she says.What makes the movement unique, according to Shalit, is that it s the adults who are often pushing sexual boundaries, and the kids who are slamming on the brakes. Well-meaning experts and parents say that they understand kids wanting to be bad instead of good , she writes in her book. Yet this reversal of adults expectations is often experienced not as a gift of freedom but a new Kind of oppression. which just may prove that rebelling against Mom and Dad is one trendthat will never go out of style.词汇注解重点单词：hint /hint/【文中释义】n.提示【大纲全义】n.暗示，提示，线索v.暗示，示意cute /kju:t/【文中释义】adj.可爱的【大纲全义】adj.逗人喜爱的，聪明的，伶俐的漂亮的estimate / estimeit/【文中释义】v.估计【大纲全义】v./n.估计，估价; 评估outlet / autlet/【文中释义】n.出路【大纲全义】n.出路，出口; 销路，市场;发泄方法; 电源插座mild /maild/【文中释义】adj.才温柔的【大纲全义】adj.温和的，轻徽的，味淡的，不含有害物质的，不严重的embody / im bɔdi/【文中释义】v.包含【大纲全义】v.具体表达，使具体化;包含，收录insist / in sist/【文中释义】v.坚持【大纲全义】v.(on)坚持要求，坚决主张，坚持campus / k mpəs/【文中释义】n.校园【大纲全义】n.(大学)校园virgin / və:dʒin/【文中释义】n.处女【大纲全义】n.处女adj.处女的; 纯洁的;原始的; 未使用的slogan / sləugən /【文中释义】n.标语【大纲全义】n.标语，口号garment / ga:mənt/【文中释义】n.衣服【大纲全义】n.(一件)衣服rebellion / ri beljən/【文中释义】n.反抗，不服从【大纲全义】n.叛乱，反抗，起义inevitable / in evitəbl/【文中释义】adj.不可避免的【大纲全义】adj.不可避免的，必然发生的controversy / kɔntrəvə:si/【文中释义】n.争论【大纲全义】n.争论，辫论，论战超纲单词prim adj.整洁的，古板的mandate n.要求etiquette n.礼节newfangled adj.街奇的promiscuous adj.混杂的curfew n.宵禁令(时间)girlcott v.使受妇女的联合抵制demographic adj.人口统计的thong n.皮带backlash n.后冲力; 反撞重点段落译文看看下列有关女孩子在穿衣风格上的小贴士：短裙和连衣裙摆距膝盖的长度应该在4指以内，吊带衫外面要套一件毛衣或者夹克衫......这些时尚小贴士可能听起来像20世纪50年代的健康电影中的古板穿衣指南。

2016考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(二)第4篇-毙考题2016考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第4篇Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure,younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life,including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties.But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life,they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work,to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs,to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life,to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children,Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.Whlie younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today,big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life”face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college.Even now that he is working steadily, he said.”I can’t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.”Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young.”I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with par ents who didn’t have college degrees,”Schneider said.“I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”一项最新的民意调查发现，面对经济和人口结构的巨大变化，年轻的美国人正在寻找21世纪的成功之道。

2015考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第4篇Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news.And they were right.For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction.Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor marketand it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from is year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is “yes,” they are classified as working part-time.The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment.For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges.These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.对于劳动部门所报告的六月份新增28.8万个工作岗位和失业率下降至6.1个百分点，很多人都说这是个利好消息。

2016考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第4篇There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate.“Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper — printing presses, delivery trucks —isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when o nline —only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way.“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.“It was seen as blunder,” he said.The move turned out to be foresighted.And if Peretti were in charge at the Times?“I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.“So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said.“Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it.Which may be what the Times is doing already.Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year — more than twice as much as a digital — only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked.“But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes.In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”终有那么一天，《纽约时报》会停止在报纸上出版新闻报道。

2012考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第4篇If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant.When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do.In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector.In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving.First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences.Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated.A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree.Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics.Some of their ties go back a long way.Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism.Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome.Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’sbudget is patrolled by unions.The teache rs’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one.But the real gains come in benefits and work practices.Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals,keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education,where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles.Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable,teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down.In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor.But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Westerncivil servicessuit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers.The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States.Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism,but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.如果工会会员Jimmy Hoffa今天还活着，他也许会是公务员的代表。

2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第4篇When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy.Housing is seldom mentioned. Why is that?To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame.We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth.Then there is the scale of the typical housing project.It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere.But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate.Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this.It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that.The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer,may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt.Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment,which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government.While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the factthat the existing 4.5bn pounds programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then.The Labour party has recently anno unced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if returns to power.The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants.We need to adjust to this changing climate.当政府谈到基础设施对经济增长的贡献时，注意力一般都集中在公路、铁路、宽带和能源上。

考研英语阅读材料汇编之文教类(2)阅读是考研英语的重要题型之一，也是保障英语成绩的关键题目。

因此，考研学子们要充分重视英语阅读，除了平时多多阅读英语杂志、报纸外，还需要针对阅读进行专项训练。

小编整理了关于考研英语阅读题源的系列文章考研英语阅读材料汇编之文教类(2)，请参考!Mystery ManHe s famed as the creator of Sherlock Holmes, but Conan Doy1e s letters show the scope of his ambitions.Within that exclusive group of literary characters who have survived through the centuries-from Hercules to Hamlet to Huckleberry Finn-few can rival the cultural impact or staying power of that brilliant sleuth, Sherlock Holmes. Since his debut 120 years ago, the gaunt gentleman with the curved pipe and a taste for cocaine, the master of deductive reasoning and elaborate disguise, has left his mark everywhere--in crime literature, film and television, cartoons and comic books. Even his home on Baker Street has for decades been one of London s most popular tourist destinations: the Sherlock Holmes Museum.At Holmes side, of course, was Dr. Watson-trusted friend, occasional accomplice and engaging narrator. Looming even larger, however, was another doctor, one whose medical practice was so slow it allowed him plenty of time to pursue his literary ambition. His name: Arthur Conan Doyle. As the creator of these fictional icons, Conan Doyle has himself become something of a cult figure, the object of countless critical studies, biographies and fan clubs.Yet only now with the publication of Arthur Conan Doyle：A Life in Letters, do we have acandid, personal portrait of the writer, with little of the Victorian reserve of his memoirs, Mast of the nearly 1,000 letters are to his beloved mother, Mary Doyle, beginning in 1867, when he was an 8-year-old boy at a Jesuit boarding school, and continuing until 1920, when Mary died. The book s editors--two Conan Doyle scholars and the author s great-nephew-also provide plenty of background material, rare drawings and photographs, and relevant excerpts from Conan Doyle s other works, making this the most comprehensive single volume out there.Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh in 1859, into a respectable middle-class Catholic family. Still, it was far from an easy life. There was never enough money; they moved frequently in search of lower rents; and his father, a civil servant and illustrator, was an alcoholic who had to beinstitutionalized, Yet the early letters are surprisingly upbeat, concerned mainly with food, clothes, allowances and schoolwork. At 14 came his first unforgettable visit to London, including Madame Tussaud s, where he was delighted with the room of Horrors, and the images of the murderers .A superb student, Conan Doyle went on to medical school, where he was entranced by Dr. Joseph Bell, a charismatic professor with an uncanny ability to diagnose patients even before they opened their mouths. For a time he worked as Bell s outpatient clerk and would watch , amazed ,at how the location of a callus could reveal a man s profession, or how a quick look at a skin rash told Bell that the patient had once lived in Bermuda. In 1886, Conan Doyle-by now an eye doctor-outlined his first novel, A Study in scarlet, which he described as a simple tale of mystery to make a little extra money. Its main character , initially called Sherringford Hope and later rechristened Sherlock Holmes, was based largely on bell. But Holmes debut went almost unnoticed, and the struggling doctor devoted nearly all of his spare time to writing long historical novels in the vein of Sir Walter Scott-novels that he was convinced would make his reputation. It wasn t to be. In 1888, Holmes reappeared in A Scandal in Bobemia, a short story in Strand Magazine. An immediate hit, its hero took the foggy, crime-ridden London of gas street lights and Jack the Ripper by storm--and Conan Doyle s life would never be the same.But he quickly tired of the tales, complaining to his mother that Holmes takes my mind from better things . So, in 1893, he sent the detective over the Reichenbach Falls in Switzerland during a struggle with his underworld nemesis, Professor Moriarty. Killed Holmes was all Conan Doyle deigned to scribble in his notebook. The public was devastated, as was his mother, but it would take 10 years of pleading and pressure before he gave in and resurrected Holmes from his watery grave.The later letters are those of an important public figure, dining with the King and earning a knighthood with an impassioned defense of Britain s role in the Boer War at a time when world opinion was against it, not least due to the British Army s use of scorched earth tactics. His final years were marked by tragedy-he lost his brother Innes and his son Kingsley to World WarⅠand by controversy, as he became Britain s most famous defender of spiritualism, convinced of our ability to communicate with the dead through a medium. (Among those he contacted: his son and Dr. Bell.) It brought personal solace and public ridicule. In one of his last letters to his mother, who never embraced these beliefs, he wrote: What does it matter what anyone says of me. I have a good hide by this time After his death in 1930, all of this would be forgotten and Conan Doyle would be immortalized as the creator of Sherlock Holmes. It was not the legacy he wanted-but in the end, it was not for him to decide.词汇注解重点单词curved /kə:vd/【文中释义】adj弯曲的【大纲全义】adj考曲的elaborate /i l b ərət/【文中释义】adj精细的，详尽的，精心的【大纲全义】v./ adj精心制作(的);详细阐述(的) disguise /dis gaiz/【文中释义】n.假装【大纲全义】n./v.彼装，伪装;掩盖，掩饰engaging. / in geidʒiŋ /【文中释义】adj迷人的，有魅力的【大纲全义】adj动人的，迷人的，有魅力的critical / kritikəl/【文中释义】adj.批评的【大纲全义】adj.批评的，评论的;危急，紧要的;临界的rent /rent/【文中释义】n.租金【大纲全义】v.租，租货;以一定租金出租，借出n租金civil /sivl/【文中释义】adj.公民的【大纲全义】adj.介民的，市民的;民间的;民用的;有礼貌的;民事的，民主的allowance / a iauəns/【文中释义】n.津贴，零用钱【大纲全义】n.补贴，津贴;零用钱;减价，折扣;允许delighted /dilaitid/【文中释义】adj.高兴的，兴奋的【大纲全义】adj高兴的，兴奋的，喜欢的diagnose / daiəgnəuz/【文中释义】v.诊断【大纲全义】v.诊断(疾病);判断(问题)outline/ əutlain/【文中释义】v.草拟，写作【大纲全义】n.枪廊，略图;大纲，梗概v. 概述，略述;描外形，描轮廓vein/ vein/【文中释义】n.风格【大纲全义】n.血管;静脉;叶脉;纹理;情绪;风格u使成脉络convince /kən vins/【文中释义】n.使信服，使确信【大纲全义】v.(of)使信服，使确信超纲单词sleuth n.侦探debut n.初次登场gaunt adj憔悴的accomplice n.共犯，同谋institutionalize v把送交专门机构upbeat adj乐观的charismatic adj有魁力的rechristen v.重命名rechristen v.重命名crime-ridden adj.充满犯罪行为的，犯罪倡狠的重点段落译文在那一群杰出的千古流传的文学人物中从海格力斯(大力士)到哈姆雷特，再到哈克贝利费恩在文化影响力或持久力上，没有人能敌过头脑敏锐的侦探福尔摩斯。

考研英语阅读真题考研英语毙考题2015考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第2篇Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data?The Supreme Court will now considerwhether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling,particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice.Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious,so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone —a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect’s pur se.The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocket book, of an arrestee without a warrant.But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home.A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.The development of “cloud computing.” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy.But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life.Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreaso nable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing.In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents.They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances,and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending.The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole.New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protec tions.Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th:The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then;they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.宪法对你的数字资料的保护到底有多大?最高法院现在将会考虑如果手机在嫌疑人的身上或身边，警察是否能在未经许可的前提下搜索其手机的内容。

Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hard-working and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next。

The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed。

2013考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(二)第4篇-毙考题DBut, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal,it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown thatcorporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top positionno matter how much “soft pressure” is put upon them.When women do break through to the summit of corporate power —as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebookthey attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families,Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.欧洲并不是男女平等的天堂。