科技英语翻译1—4

《科技英语翻译》课程练习二答案一、翻译以下专用词汇cap帽子—轴承盖，罩壳shoe鞋—闸瓦，履带片cup杯子—皮碗，轴套bed床—底座，机座身house房子—箱体，罩disk唱片—研磨盘desk书桌—控制屏table桌子—放料盘eye眼—孔环ear耳—吊钩mouth口—开度nose鼻—喷嘴hand手—手柄，指针finger手指—厚薄规foot脚—支座head头—冒口，刀架neck颈—座body身体—机身hair头发―游丝phase 土壤学：分段物理系：相电工学：相位数学：位相动物学：型天文学：周相军事学：战斗阶段resistance 力学：阻力电学：电阻机械学：耐受性、强度二、翻译以下名词化结构1) All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough.译文：只要有足够的电位差，电流便可通过任何物体。

2) The rusting of metals is accompanied by increase in weight and by absorption of material from air.译文：金属生锈时常吸收了空气中的物质而增加了重量。

3) Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.译文：电视是通过无线电波发射和接收各种活动物体的图像。

4) The absence of an electron from a silicon atom can be thought of as a hole.译文：硅原子中缺少一个电子，可以看成是一个空穴。

5) The superiority of radar to ordinary vision lies in the greater distances at which seeing is possible with radar.译文：雷达相对于普通视力的优势在于利用雷达所能看清的距离比较远。

Unit 1Artificial intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines,especially intelligent computer programs.人工智能是制造智能机器的科学与工程，特别是智能化的计算机程序。

It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence,but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable.这与使用计算机来理解人类智能的类似任务有关，但是人工智能不需要把它局限在生物可观察的方法上。

In this unit,the two passages present a general picture of AI research .在这个单元，两个章节提出了人工智能研究的概况。

Text A briefly introduces the definition of AI,some kinds of architectures of AI system,essential capabilities to AI programs and so on.文章A简要介绍了人工智能的定义，人工智能的系统的几种体系结构、基本功能以及程序等等。

Text B explains a particular area of AI research--natural language processing including its definition and a legendary Turing’s Test.文章A解释特定地区研究人工智能的自然语言处理包括定义和传说中的图灵测试。

1all elements are composed of scattered units called atoms,which are the smallest particles than show the characteristics of the element. atoms are tiny units of matter composed of positively charged protons, negatively charged elements ,and electrically neutral neutrons. protons and neutrons, which have almost the same mass,are clustered in the nucleus in the middle of the atom. electrons,which are tiny in comparison to the other units, move around the nucleus at high speed. atoms that have the same number of electrons and protons are electrically neutral. those that have got or lost electrons,and therefor are positively or negatively charged, are called ions.所有的元素都称为原子的散射单元，这是比显示的元件的特性的最小的颗粒组成。

原子是微小单位的物质组成的带正电的质子，带负电荷的元件和电中性的中子。

质子和中子，它们具有几乎相同的质量，聚集在细胞核内的原子在中间。

的电子，这在其他单位相比是微小的，围绕原子核高速移动。

具有相同的电子和质子数的原子是电中性的。

一、长句The Company’s sole liability in the event of such defects is to repair or replace the Product,at Company’s option, and Company may replace the Product with a remanufacturedProduct.如果发生质量缺陷，本公司仅负责修理或更换本产品，具体方法由本公司选择。

本公司可以采用再制产品来更换本产品。

二、名词化结构The heat loss can be considerably reduced by the use of firebricks round the walls of theboiler.炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。

Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.电视通过无线电波发射和接收各种活动物体的图像。

三、被动Natural rubber is obtained from rubber trees as a white, milkyliquid known as latex. This is treated with acid and dried, before being dispatched to countries all over the world.天然橡胶取自橡胶树，是一种叫“乳胶”的白色乳状液体。

在运往世界各国之前，橡胶要经过酸处理和烘干。

四、非谓语Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematicalproblems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellite into orbit.今天，电子计算机被广泛运用于解决一些数学问题，这些问题与天气预报和把卫星送入轨道有关。

《科技英语翻译》课程练习三答案一、词义选择二、词义引申1. 具体化引申1) High-speed grinding does not know this disadvantage.译文：高速磨削不存在此不足。

2) The casting takes both the size and the shape of mould.译文：铸件的体积和形状随铸型而异。

3) Alloy belongs to a half-way house between mixtures and compounds.译文：合金是介于混合物和化合物之间的一种中间结构。

4) This new crucible furnace is a fuel-efficient model.译文：这种新型坩锅炉是节油型锅炉。

5) This shows that a vacuum, which is the absence of matter, cannot transmit sound.译文：这表明真空，即没有空气的状态下，不能传播声音。

6) The bridge was so well built that it lasted for a hundred years.译文：这座桥建造非常牢固，已使用了百年。

2. 抽象化引申1) They reach their programmed positions within a few seconds of each other and detonate. Anything nearby is a goner.译文：导弹相继以几秒之差到达程序制导目标引爆。

附近的一切顷刻覆灭。

(原文中的goner，本义是“无可挽救的人(或物)”，意义很具体，但如果按照这种直译则文理不通，因此基于goner的内涵及联想意义，作抽象化引申为“顷刻覆灭”。

)2) The major contributors in component technology have been in the semi — conductors.译文：元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。

The power plant is the heart of a ship. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。

动力装置是船舶的心脏。

The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。

马力的感应电动机。

Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. 半导体装置也称为晶体管,在许多场合替代电子管。

在许多场合替代电子管。

Cramped conditions means that passengers ’ legs cannot move around freely.空间狭窄,旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。

旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。

All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。

The removal of minerals from water is called softening. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。

去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。

A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.Einstein ’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs.设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。

Unit 11.在历时四年的研究中，科学家调查了地球上的许多生境、物种以及将它们联系起来的生态体系。

For four years the scientists examined the planet’s many habitats and species and the systems that bind them together.2.《千年生态系统评估综合报告》为人们提供了认识生态系统经济价值的全新视角，也为人们尊重和保护地球的生命支持体系提供了新的论据。

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report gives people a new insight into the economic importance of ecosystem services and some new and additional arguments for respecting and conserving the Earth’s life-support system.3.科学家认为，水文系统的改变可能导致破坏性洪灾的发生更加频繁和严重。

According to the scientists, changes to water systems may increase the frequency and severity of destructive floods.4.从经济角度看，与那些被用于商业开发的生态系统相比，很多原始生态系统的价值更高。

From an economic perspective, compared with the ecosystems altered for commercial use, many intact ones are more valuable.5.如何在利用地球生态系统提高人类生活水平的同时，缓解该系统所承受的压力，完全取决于人类社会。

Unit 1 EnvironmentEarth’s Health in Sharp Decline, Massive Study Finds大规模研究发现：地球的“健康”每况愈下The report card has arrived from the largest ever scientific Earth analysis, and many of the planet’s ecosystems are simply not making the grade.有史以来对地球进行的最大规模的科学分析结果表明，地球上的许多生态系统都达不到标准。

The UN-backed Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report found that nearly two-thirds of Earth’s life-supporting ecosystems, including clean water, pure air, and stable climate, are being degraded by unsustainable use.由联合国主持的《千年生态系统评估综合报告》指出，由于不可持续的使用，地球上将近三分之二的用来维持生命的生态系统（包括干净的水源、纯净的空气以及稳定的气候）正遭受破坏。

Human has caused much of this damage during the past half century. Soaring demand for food, fresh water, timber, fiber and fuel have led to dramatic environmental changes, from deforestation to chemical pollution, the report says. The already grim situation may worsen dramatically during the first half of the 21st century, the report’s authors warn.以上大部分的破坏都是人类在过去的半个世纪里造成的。

科技英语翻译技巧一——————词义的选择1.Packaged software is developed to serve the specific needs of one user.包装软件是根据用户的特殊需求来开发的。

2.Noises may develop in a worn engine.磨损的引擎可能产生噪音。

3.Shorts frequently develop when insulation is worn.隔热材料磨损时容易发生短路。

4.Sure enough, 80 percent of the plants developed the disease.果然，80%的植物遭遇了疾病的侵袭。

5.Other isolation methods are being developed.其他分离方法正在开发中。

6.In developing the design, we must consider the feasibility of processing.在进行设计的同时，我们必须考虑加工过程的可行性。

7.After the war much of this knowledge was poured into the developing of the computers.战后，很多这方面的知识被投入研制计算机。

8. A mathematical or logical operation must meet a certain condition.一个数学或逻辑运算必须满足一定的条件。

9.Interactive programming conditions are now available for some commercial programminglanguages.交互编程环境现在可以用于商用编程语言。

10.The results of a biopsy indicate a rare nonmalignant condition.活体检查的结果显示一个罕见的良性健康情况。

1. This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments, and deserves specialconsideration.这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中，因此值得专门考虑一下。

(时态)2. If we had known the properties of the material, we should have made full use of it.要是当时了解这种材料的特性的话，我们就会充分利用它了。

(虚拟语气)3. Let P represent the energy which a machine transforms into useful work, and T the totalinput work, the efficiency of the engine can be expressed as P/T.假设 P 表示机器已经变成有用功的能量， T 表示总输入功，那么，发电机的效率可以表示为 P/T。

4. Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。

(被动语态)5. The solar wind grossly distorts the earth's magnetic field, dragging it out to a long tail.太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化，将它向外拉牵，扯出一条长尾。

6. Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.电视通过无线电波发射和接受各种活动物体的图像。

(名词化结构)7. An understanding of the essential character of scientific investigation is best acquiredfrom the study of a representative particular science.要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。

Unit6机械工业的远景未来的工程师们要在很大或者很小的极端系统中工作，这就要求他们有渊博的知识和协调多学科、大尺度、时间和距离跨度大知识的能力。

系统工程的一个新领域会融合很多的知识和机械工程的方法。

美国国家工程协会现任主席Charies V est预言从大大小小的系统测量流量的技术将成为21世纪的大事件。

两个新的前沿科学领域将对工程学产生巨大的影响。

第一个前沿领域是增加较小的空间规模和减小较小的时间规模。

这边界依赖于生物工程、纳米技术和信息科学的结合，而且要求机械工程师有跨传统严肃学科的工作能力。

另一条前沿科学领域是越来越大的复杂的对社会十分重要的系统。

这条边界提醒我们，能源、环境、食物、工业、制造业发展、后勤和沟通交流是我们现在面对的最大的挑战。

这两条前沿领域将增加更多就有必需的新知识和新技能的综合型工程师。

现在和未来的机械工程师必须准备好再这新增的两条边界中工作。

雇主将要求工程师能熟练得结合不同的技能，达到复杂顾客和股东要求的、多重性相互影响的系统。

他们将在复杂的发展和管理系统中大量依靠仿真和电脑绘图工具。

电脑仿真将在建造复杂系统的时候变得更好，这使得它成为工程师优化预期结果儿限制意想不到结果的有效工具。

例如，波音公司的波音幻影工作室的首席工程师Mark Burgess 指出他在他职业生涯早期花了两年时间去生成CFD表格。

从现在起的二十年，Burgess希望“高度结合和无缝的系统能提供可能的结果，甚至能为非专业人士所用。

”他提到“这样的系统就像是一个直观的用户界面，或许现在想起制作亚马逊电子商务的经历，在现在的话是个非常容易的事纳米技术，生物技术将会决定未来20年的科技发展，并且这些技术还会融入各方面影响我们最基本生活的技术中。

Charles vest提出技术创新的核心已经从物理学，高速无线电通讯转移到生物学和环境学。

快速发展的生物技术和纳米技术是这些发展领域发展的核心。

早期的纳米技术应用范围仅限于平凡的使用纳米结构来防止裤子上的污渍，到现在发展到令人振奋的新境界—为医学影像代理服务。

Unit 2 Physics1. Directions: Work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea.Part 1 (Paras. 1-3): Brief introduction to dark energy Para. 1: Dark energy is an unexplained force which tugs galaxies away from each other.Para. 2: Dark energy is somewhat like anti-gravity.Para. 3: Dark energy is scientists’ hypothetic form of energy to explain the universe’s expansion.Part 2 (Paras. 4-9): The discovery of dark energy: confounding expectationsPara. 4: The discovery of dark energy is a case of science confounding expectations.Para. 5: Experts expected that gravity had slowed down the universe’s rate of expansion.Para. 6: The universe’s rate of expansion was speeding up.Para. 7: The result was beyond experts’ expectations which caused much nervous laughter.Para. 8: The measurements of supernovae provided the evidence that the universe’s rate of ballooning was speeding up.Para. 9: The scientists observed many supernovae at different distances to determine how fast they are speeding away from us.Part 3 (Paras. 10-13): The rate of the expansion of the universe: shocking resultsPara. 10: The rate of the universe’s expansion is accelerating.Para. 11: More researches done by other experts also show the same results.Para. 12: Einstein’s cosmologica l constant has been revived to explain the puzzling findings.Para. 13: The cosmological constant is one of the leading theories to explain the expansion of theuniverse.Part 4 (Paras. 14-17): The difference between dark energy and dark matterPara. 14: The confusion of dark energy and dark matter.Para. 15: Dark matter is an invisible hypothesized form of matter.Para. 16: Dark matter and dark energy seem to make up most of the mass of the universe.Para. 17: The discovery of dark energy stirred up a lot of other issues, such as making some peoplebelieve that there are several universes.2. Directions: Complete the sentences with the words givenin the brackets. Change the form if necessary.1)Skin injury, infection, stress, and certain drugs maytrigger psoriasis. Skin cells move at an accelerated ratefrom the dermis into the epidermis, where they sloughoff, causing inflammation.牛皮癣可能由皮肤外伤、感染、压力和某些药物引起。

2016 科技英语翻译（一）上篇20例1.This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments , and deservesspecial consideration.这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中，因此值得专门考虑一下。

2.If we had known the properties of the material , we should have made full use of it. 要是当时了解这种材料的特性的话，我们就会充分利用它了。

3.Let P represent the energy which a machine transforms into useful work ,and T thetotal input work the efficiency of the engine can be expressed as P/T.假设P表示及其已经变成有用功的能量，T表示总输入功，那么，发动机的效率可表示为P/T。

4.Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。

5.The solar wind grossly distorts the earth’s ma gnetic field , dragging it out to a longtail.太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化，将它向外拉牵，扯出一条长尾。

6.Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radiowaves.电视通过无线电波发射和接收各种活动物体的图像。

7.An understanding of the essential character of scientific investigation is bestacquired from the study of a representative particular science.要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。