Unit 11. What are the major jobs of a professional secretary?First, a secretary is expected to relieve the executive of various administrative details. Second, a secretary is required to coordinate and maintain effective office procedures and efficient work flow. Third, a secretary must be able to implement policies and procedures set by the employer. Fourth, a secretary should be able to establish and maintain harmonious working relationships with superiors,co-workers, subordinates, customers or clients, and suppliers.2. What should a secretary do when the executive is away?A secretary is expected to take action authorized during the executive’s absence and use initiative and judgment to see that matters requiring attentionare referred to adelegated authorityor handled in amanner so as tominimize the effectof the employer’sabsence.Unit 21. Why is itimportant to behaveproperly in theoffice?Those who breakthese rules,unintentionally ordeliberately, showtheir lack ofconsideration forothers. Either way, itis at bestembarrassing and atworst difficult orimpossible to gainconfidence, respect,and cooperation ofothers when widelyaccepted practicesare cast aside. Soobserving properoffice etiquette isimportant.2. What kind ofclerks（秘书）dopeople dislike towork with?People areuncomfortablearound someonewho views the worlddarkly. Moreimportant, theydistrust and want toavoid someone whooften appears to beangry or unhappy,fearing that such aperson might treatboth workassignments andclients or coworkersunfairly andirresponsibly.3. What can a clerkdo to keep companysecrets?Keep importantdocuments and filefolders locked incabinets or othercontainers. Do notleave confidentialcorrespondence andother materials faceup on your deskwhere anyone mightsee it. Carefullysafeguard drafts,note, and shorthandnotebooks. Bewarehow you dispose ofmaterials too. Taketime to shred carboncopies andphotocopies that notused.Unit 41. How does 麦当劳encourage itsemployees tocontinue theirstudies?When face with achoice betweeneducation and anemploymentcommitment,education alwayscomes first. Theyhave programs toreward good gradesand schoolattendance. Theyprovide tuition foremployees tocontinue education.2. What does M doto ensure safety andquality?A food safety checklist is used daily ineach restaurant tovalidate those safetystandards andprocedures are inplace.3. What is the themeof the Five PeoplePrinciples?①Respect andRecognition. ②Values andLeadershipBehaviors.③Competitive Payand Benefits.④Learning,Development andPersonal Growth.⑤Resources to Get theJob Done.Unit 51. What iscommunication?Communication isthe process throughwhich people andorganizationsaccomplishobjectives. Bycommunicating withothers we shareattitudes, values, emotions, ambitions, wants, and needs. Behind most successes is effective communication—that which is well planned and thoughtfully executed.2. Why is ‘listening’to everyone necessary?To push responsibility down in your organization, and to force good ideas to bubble up within it, you must listen to what your associates are trying to tell you.3. What is the author’s view toward communicating with people in the company?People in organizations need each other. They must coordinate and pool their efforts to achieve their goals and avoid waste and confusion. They must focus on the needs of customers, those inside as well outside the company. They must be able to articulate their needs so that they can workcooperatively. Theymust be free toexpress what theyknow and believe inorder to capitalizeon opportunities formeaningful change.4. What is theessence of HP’shuman relations?HP believes that theachievements of anorganization are theresult of thecombined efforts ofeach individualemployee. As aresult, the companytries to make surethat it has innovativepeople at all levelsand has takenseveral steps toensure that HPemployees work inan environment thatfosters creativity.Every employee istreated withconsideration andrespect. An informalwork setting helps tobuild employeeenthusiasm andmorale. Thecompany tries toselect enthusiasticpeople for importantmanagerial positionsin hope thatenthusiasm will becontagious. Themanagement style atHP includes‘management bywandering around’so that managerskeep in touch withemployees are doingand can encouragethem to offer ideas.The informality atHP extends into itsorganizationalstructure.Communicationbetween differentgroups isencouraged. Inaddition, topmanagers encourageemployees to thinkof the company asone big family inwhich all membersare striving togetherto reach corporateobjectives.Unit 71. What is the bestapproach for anegotiator?Keep yourobjectives in mindand try to keep aclear head. This willhelp you toconcentrate on yourkey points.Listening attentivelyat every stage ofyour negotiation andtry to resist thetemptation tointroduce newarguments all thetime.2. What languageshall we use fornegotiation?Be simple and clear.There is no pointcomplicating adifficult task withdifficult language.Don’t be afraid toask questions ifthere is anythingyou don’tunderstand. It isvital to avoid anymisunderstandingthat might harm thesuccess of yournegotiation.Unit 91. What’sMultinationalCorporation?Refers to a companywhich owns orcontrols productionor service facilitiesoutside the countryin which it is based.2. What areoperation modes ofMNCs?In the process, theparent firm usuallyprovides its foreignaffiliates withmanagerial expertise,technical know-howand a marketingorganization inreturn for some ofthe affiliate’s outputand earnings.Besides, MNCs canenter foreignmarkets by establishing overseas subsidiaries and production bases, buying stocks of listed companies of a particular country, even acquiring those local firms to avoid future competition.3. What competitive advantages do MNCs have?The basic reason for the existence of M is its competitive advantage of a global network of production and distribution, which is formed through the vertical and horizontal integration with foreign affiliates. Another reason is the economics of scale in production, financing, research and development. M can also collect information from its worldwide foreign affiliates to evaluate, anticipate and take advantage of changes in comparative costs, consumer’s tastes and market conditions generally. M can also in a much better position to control or changeto their advantagethe environment inwhich they operatethan are purelydomestic firms.4. What issues areMultinationalCorporation mostconcerned with?These includemaximizing profits,meeting customerdemands, andupdatingtechnologies. Inaddition, theyshould pay closeattention toinvestmentenvironment, marketconditions andpolitical situationsof differentcountries andregions.5. What headachesdoes a MC havewhen operating in aforeign country?One is localprotectionism. Theother is violation ofintellectual propertyrights6. What trend andcriteria do MNCsuse when theyemploy their staff?Employees,including keyexecutives, are oftennatives of thecountry whereoperations arelocated. There areno genericrequirements forentry-level positions.Top executives,however, usuallyhave at least agraduate degree,usually a Master ofBusinessAdministration.。
