14主谓一致

主谓一致性十二个要点1, 两个作主语用的名词或代词由either … or, neither… nor, not only… but, not… but, or等连接时，谓语动词应按后一个主语的人称和数而定，例如：Either he or I am to go to the laboratory.Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about this matter.Not only air, but natural gas consists of some substances.On most American farms, one or two principal products are raised for a cash crop.2, 主语是单数，而后面跟as well as, as much as, no less than, with, together with, along with, rather than, more than, in addition to, like, unlike, but, except, besides, including, accompanied by, among, coupled with，not等短语时，谓语动词与离它最远的动词保持一致。

谓语动词用单数或复数取决于离它最远的主语是单数还是复数。

例如：Air as well as water is matter.She as well as the other students has learned how to install a computer.Our chemical works, with some few factories, was built in 1989.A professor, together with some students , was moved into a new laboratory.Nobody but the students is in the classroom.Fuel like oil and coal gives out much heat.You, not I , are to blame.Tom, more than anybody else, is anxious to go there again.You no less than she are very glad at the news.你和她听到这个消息都跟高兴。

主谓一致英语中，主语的单复数形式决定谓语动词的单复数形式。

主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

根据这三条原则，现从以下几个方面进行总结：一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1. 由and/both...and...连接的两个单数名词作主语时（两个冠词），谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。

例如：A young man and a girl want to go there. 一个青年男子和一个姑娘想去那里。

【注意】如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时（一个冠词），谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：①A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。

②The teacher and writer is her friend.这个既是是教师又是作家的人是她的朋友。

2. 一个单数名词同时被and连接的两个不同的形容词修饰，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。

例如：Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.古代史和现代史是我们目前学习的课程。

【注意】如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14. 14课是最后一课也是最难的一课。

3. 当each...and each...，every...and every...，no...and no...，many a...and many a...结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：①No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。

②Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.许多医生和护士都忙于他们的工作。

高考英语语法：主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。

主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致(或叫形式一致)，意义一致或就近一致①.语法一致: 主谓在语法形式上一致, 即主语是单数形式, 谓语用单数, 主语是复数形式, 谓语用复数②.意义一致: 根据主语的内在涵义的单复数确定谓语的单复数③.就近一致: 一个句子中有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语和靠近它的那个主语保持人称和数的一致分述1.当主语是不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数a. Somebody is waiting for you outside.b. Nobody knows the answer.有些不定代词作主语时, 据意义确定谓语动词的单复数. 若不定代词所指为单数意义, 谓语用单数; 若不定代词所指为复数意义, 谓语用复数. 这类词有: all, some, any, more, most, half 等a. All are happy to hear the news.b. All that has to be done has been done.c. Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.d. Half of the wood has been carried away.2.集体名词如: family, class, army, enemy,government, group, team等作主语时, 如果将其看作一个整体, 则谓语动词用单数, 若看成其中的成员(个体), 则谓语动词用复数a. My family is a happy one. / All my family are music lovers.b. Our class is the best in our school. / The whole class are having a discussion about the problem.集体名词people, cattle, police, youth等作主语时, 谓语动词常用复数a. The police are looking for the thief.b. Cattle are not allowed to graze here.3.代词none和neither作主语时, 谓语动词根据说话人的意思用单数或复数. 当说话人着眼于任何一个都不时, 谓语动词用单数; 当说话人着眼于全都不时, 谓语动词用复数a. None of them has a car. ( 他们没有一个人有汽车)b. None of them have a car. ( 他们都没有汽车)c. None of them knows the answer. ( 他们两个谁也不知道答案)d. None of them know the answer. ( 他们两个都不知道答案)4.bothand连接两个主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数. eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut 连接两个主语时, 采取就近原则, 即谓语动词和靠近它的那个主语保持一致a. Both Tom and Jerry were late for school that day.b. Either you or he has dropped waste paper in the street.c. Neither he nor I have forgotten for pay for the drinks.5.在There be和Here be结构中, 句子的主语在be之后, 如果主语不止一个, 那么谓语动词be与邻近的主语一致a. There is a desk, a table, three chairs in the room.b. There are three chairs, a desk and a table in the room.c. Here are two letters and a magazine for you.6.如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besi des, including, like, rather than, no less than, in addition to(除外)等引导的短语时, 谓语动词的形式只与主语有关, 而与其后的短语无关a. The teacher with three student s was in the classroom then.b. This book, as well as the other two books, is borrowed from our school library.c. None but Jim and Mike knows my secret.d. Seven people, including a policeman, were killed.7.表示时间, 长度, 距离, 金额, 价值, 重量, 容量等的复数名词作主语时, 通常作整体看待, 即表示总量或总和, 谓语动词用单数. 若把它们看作一个个的个体, 即强调其具体数量时, 谓语动词用复数形式a. Twenty years is a long time to us.b. Two hundred miles is not a long distance.c. Ten thousand US dollars is a lot of money.d. There are ten minutes left.8.在四则运算中, 谓语动词用单复数均可, 但单数形式更为多用a. Two and ten is / are twelve.b. Three times five is / are fifteen.9.动名词或动词不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数a. Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.b. Carving animal bones is not an easy job.10.主语从句作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数. 但若主语从句所指的具体内容为复数意义时, 谓语动词用复数a. What we need is more time.b. What we need are more doctors.11.以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数, 这类专有名词如: General Motors(通用汽车公司), the United Nations(联合国), the United States, the New York Times(纽约时报)等.a. The New York Times is published daily.b. The Arabian Nights is a popular reading among the young people.表示群岛, 山脉, 瀑布的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数, 如:the Andes(安第斯山脉), the Alps(阿尔卑斯山脉), the West Indies(西印度群岛), the Niagara Falls(尼加拉大瀑布)12.有些形式为复数, 而意义为单数的名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 这类名词如: news, works(工厂), politics(政治), physics(物理), mathematics(数学 )等13.以-s或-es结尾, 由对称的两部分构成的物体作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 这类物体如: trousers, glasses, jeans(牛仔裤), scissors(剪刀), shades(太阳镜)等. 如果这类名词前用了pair, 则谓语动词的数取决于pair的数a. Here is a pair of glasses for you.b. There are three pairs of jeans in the bag.14. 分数或百分数+ of + 名词作主语时, 谓语动词视名词的可数与否采用单数或复数a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.b. 35 percent of the do ctors are women.c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.d. One third of the water has been wasted.15.用and连接两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 如果and连接的两个名词指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and f ork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)时, 则谓语动词用单数a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.b. The pianist and composer (钢琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.16. the + adj.表示一类人或事物作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品质, 则谓语用单数a. The old in the city are taken good care of.b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美给我们以快乐17.more than one和many a + 单数名词作主语时, 谓语用单数a. Many a student has won the prize.很多学生获了奖b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同样的错误。

专题十四主谓一致【考点集训】一、单句填空1.All the preparations for the task(complete),and we are ready to start.答案have been completed2.A survey of the opinions of experts (show)already that three hours of outdoor exercise a week(be)good for ones health.答案has shown;is3.Students in Yucai Middle School each (be)going to do voluntary work during the coming summer holiday.答案are4.One third of the country(cover)with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people.答案is covered5.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who (wear)evening dress.答案wears6.Listening to loud music at rock concerts(cause)hearing loss in some teenagers so far.答案has caused7.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities(rise) steadily since1990.答案has been rising/has rised8.The teacher together with the students(discuss)Reading Skills that (be)newly published in America.答案is discussing;was9.Either you or one of your students(be)to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.答案is10.Every possible means(use)to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.答案has been used二、写作微练(一)翻译或完成下面的句子,注意主谓一致的运用。

英语语法总结主谓一致英语语法总结主谓一致总结就是对一个时期的学习、工作或其完成情况进行一次全面系统的回顾和分析的书面材料，它可以有效锻炼我们的语言组织能力，让我们一起来学习写总结吧。

那么总结要注意有什么内容呢？下面是店铺整理的英语语法总结主谓一致，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

英语语法总结主谓一致11.主语是he ,she, it, either, neither, each, anything, something, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, anyone, nobody, no one, 等代词时，谓语动词用单数。

Someone is asking for you. 有人在找你。

Everyone is here. 大家都来了。

Each of the boys has an apple.2. 表示总称意义的名词people, cattle, police做主语时，谓语动词用复数。

Cattle are farmer’s friends.The policeman is standing at the street corner. The police are searching for him.3. 主语是：时间，距离，价格等名词，即使是复数形式，谓语动词只用单数。

Three years passes quickly.Two meters is not long enough.4.主语是：clothes, glasses, trousers, shoes, socks, gloves 等名词时，谓语动词用复数。

The trousers are not expensive.Your socks are over there.5.主语是：family, class, team, group等名词时，如果是作为整体，谓语动词用单数；如果作为其中一个个的成员，谓语动词用复数。

专题十四主谓一致【考点集训】一、单句填空1.All the preparations for the task(complete),and we are ready to start.答案have been completed2.A survey of the opinions of experts (show)already that three hours of outdoor exercise a week(be)good for ones health.答案has shown;is3.Students in Yucai Middle School each (be)going to do voluntary work during the coming summer holiday.答案are4.One third of the country(cover)with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people.答案is covered5.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who (wear)evening dress.答案wears6.Listening to loud music at rock concerts(cause)hearing loss in some teenagers so far.答案has caused7.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities(rise) steadily since1990.答案has been rising/has rised8.The teacher together with the students(discuss)Reading Skills that(be)newly published in America.答案is discussing;was9.Either you or one of your students(be)to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.答案is10.Every possible means(use)to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.答案has been used二、写作微练(一)翻译或完成下面的句子,注意主谓一致的运用。

初中英语语法——主谓一致一、主谓一致:主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。

主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则，就近一致原则。

１. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。

例如：Toｍ iｓ a gooｄ studeｎt. 汤姆是个好学生。

They oftｅn plａy ｆootｂall on the playgroｕnｄ.他们经常在操场上踢足球。

2. 意义一致原则:指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。

例如: Ｍy ｆａmily arｅ haｖｉｎg luｎch nｏw. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。

Twｅntｙ dollars is too expensｉｖe for tｈｅ booｋ．这本书20 美元太贵了。

3. 就近一致原则:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。

例如：Not oｎｌy ｔhe teacher but ａlso his stｕdentｓ like playｉｎg footｂaｌｌ.不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。

Therｅ is ａｐeｎand some ｂooks on thｅ dｅsｋ.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

二、主谓一致常考题型:1. 单数名词（代词),不可数名词做主语时,谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)做主语，谓语用复数形式。

２． mａny ａ+单数名词做主语，意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。

例如： Mａny a studｅnｔ hａs ｂeen ｔo Sｈanghai. 许多学生到过上海。

3. mｏre thaｎｏnｅ+单数名词做主语，谓语用单数。

例如： Moｒe than ｏne student hａs ever been ｔｏ Beijｉng．不止一个学生曾经去过北京。

4. 表示时间,价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语做主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。

主谓一致(Subject-Verb Agreement )主谓一致指谓语动词必须在人称与数的方面与主语保持一致。

其三个原则如下：1.语法一致原则。

该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致。

即主语是单数形式，动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，动词就用复数形式。

2.意义一致原则。

有时谓语动词的数取决于主语所表示的概念，而不是其语法形式。

This news is important for us.3.就近原则。

有时，谓语动词的数决定于主语中最靠近它的词语。

关于主谓一致的补充：1. 通常用做复数的集合名词。

police, people, cattle 等集合名词作主语，谓语用复数。

但people意为“民族”时，用作单数。

The police are searching for the lost child.2. Clothing (衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage/luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，machinery(机械)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用做不可数名词，表示单数意义，用做主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。

3. “分数（百分数）+of+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一致。

About 30 percent of the students were absent that day.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.4. “one in (out of )+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。

Only one in ten students has passed the examination.5. “all of (some of, none of, half of, most of, lots of, plenty of)+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与其名词的数保持一致。

主谓一致语法总结主谓一致是指中文句子中的主语与谓语在人称和数上保持一致的语法规则。

即当主语为单数时，谓语动词要用单数形式；当主语为复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式。

主谓一致是语言表达准确性和语法规范性的重要组成部分，能够帮助读者或听者更好地理解句子的意思。

下面对主谓一致语法进行详细总结。

一、主谓一致的基本规则1. 主谓一致的人称与数主谓一致在人称上要求主语和谓语动词在人称上保持一致。

一般来说，第一人称（I、we）、第二人称（you）和第三人称（he、she、it、they）的主语分别对应特定的谓语动词形式，要根据不同人称选择正确的动词形式。

例句1：I am a teacher.（我是一名教师。

）第一人称单数主语 "I"对应第一人称单数谓语动词 "am"。

例句2：They are students.（他们是学生。

）第三人称复数主语 "they"对应第三人称复数谓语动词 "are"。

2. 单数主谓一致单数主语要与单数谓语动词保持一致。

单数主语可以是单个名词、不可数名词或单数名词短语。

例句3：The cat is sleeping.（那只猫正在睡觉。

）单数主语 "the cat"对应单数谓语动词 "is"。

例句4：Mathematics is my favorite subject.（数学是我最喜欢的科目。

）单数主语 "Mathematics"对应单数谓语动词 "is"。

3. 复数主谓一致复数主语要与复数谓语动词保持一致。

复数主语可以是由两个或更多名词组成的名词短语，或者是复数名词。

例句5：The books are on the shelf.（书在书架上。

）复数主语 "The books"对应复数谓语动词 "are"。

【单项填空100题】专题14 主谓一致(教师版)1.(2024·江西省南昌市·期中考试)Since last month, George, along with some of his former classmates, ________ to have a 20-year gathering during this summer holiday.A. have expectedB. expectedC. have been expectingD. has been expecting【答案】D【解析】句意：自从上个月，乔治和他以前的老同学就一直想今年暑假举行20年老同学聚会。

根据Since last month可知，这个愿望从上个月就有，再由during this summer holiday.可知，这个愿望这个暑假才可能实现。

表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在，有可能进行下去，用现在完成进行时。

再由主谓一致可知，名词+ along with+名词时，谓语动词和along with前面的名词George保持一致，即助动词应用has。

故选D。

2.(2024·陕西省·单元测试)I am watching TV while my mother ______.A. cooksB. cookingC. will cookD. is cooking【答案】D【解析】句意：我妈妈做饭的时候我在看电视。

while在此处表示“某个动作正在进行的同时，另一个动作也在进行之中”；根据am watching可知，此处用现在进行时，结构是be+动词的-ing；第三人称单数my mother 作主语，be动词用is。

故选D。

3.(2024·广东省深圳市·其他类型)—Will you attend the meeting this afternoon? —But I ________ told anything about it．A. haven't beenB. am notC. wasn'tD. won't be【答案】A【解析】略4.(2024·黑龙江省哈尔滨市·月考试卷)The medical team ________ 12 doctors, most of ________ are from Guangzhou First People's Hospital.A. is made up of; themB. are made up of; whomC. comprise; whomD. consists of; whom【答案】D【解析】句意：医疗队由12名医生组成，其中大部分来自广州市第一人民医院。

(2020四川达州中考)28. —Ma Y un as well as Ren zhengfei _______ tons of attention wherever they go.—Yeah, they are very successful. We believe that struggle(奋斗) creates history and hard work makesa _______ future.A. gets; brightlyB. get; brightC. gets; brightD. get; brightly28. C 考查主谓一致和形容词、副词辨析。

句意：——马云和任正非一样，无论走到哪里都会受到大量关注。

——是的，他们非常成功。

我们相信奋斗创造历史，艰苦的工作营造出一个光明的未来。

as well as Ren zhengfei是插入语，上句中的主语是第三人称单数Ma Yun，故其后的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，可排除B、D项。

由第二空后面的名词future可知，此处应用形容词作定语。

故选C。

(2020四川达州中考)27. —It was the Dragon Boat Festival last Sunday. I drove to the Lianhua Lake to watch the boat races. How exciting!—_______, but I didn’t see you there.A. So I didB. So did IC. So do ID. Neither did I27. B 考查倒装句的用法。

句意：——上周日是端午节，我开车去莲花湖看划船比赛了。

真激动人心啊！——我也去了，但我在那儿没有见到你啊。

由答语后半句but I didn’t see you there可知，应答人在上周日也去看划船比赛了。

So I did我确实是这样；So did I我也是这样；So do I我也是这样；Neither did I我也没有。

被动语态和主谓一致★考点一:一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态1)被动语态英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。

①Many people speak Chinese.这个句子中谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

①Chinese is spoken by many people.这个句子中Chinese是动词speak的承受者。

2)在如下情况下多用被动语态:不知动作的执行者;无须知道动作的执行者;强调动作的承受者。

完成句子①印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。

Printing (introduce) into Europe from China.答案:was introduced①(2015·北京高考改编)—Did you enjoy the party?—Yes.We (treat) well by our hosts.3)主动语态变被动语态时的注意事项。

(1)若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加“to”,此类动词为感官动词(feel,hear,listen to,look at,observe,see,notice及watch)或使役动词(make/have/let)。

(2)若主动语态谓语动词中含情态动词,由“情态动词+ be +过去分词”构成被动语态。

(3)谓语为及物动词短语的主动语态变为被动语态时,要保留介词。

(4)接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,通常将间接宾语改为主语;当用直接宾语(物)做主语时,动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定的。

把下列句子变成被动语态①We saw him play football on the playground.→He was seen (play) football on the playground.答案:to play①We can’t laugh at him.→He can’t (laugh) at by us.答案:be laughed①They take good care of children in this kindergarten.→Children in this kindergarten (take) good care of by them.①We agree that the human eyes can tell 10 million different colours.→It that the human eyes can tell 10 million different colours.答案:is agreed①His mother gave him a present for his birthday.→He (give) a present by his mother for his birthday.答案:was given①I offered him a house for 1,000 pounds.→A house (offer) to him (by me) for 1,000 pounds.4)常用主动形式表示被动的几种情况:(1)表示开始、结束和开关意义的一类动词,如:start,begin,end,stop,finish,open,close 等。

高中英语主谓一致知识点（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如演讲稿、总结报告、合同协议、方案大全、工作计划、学习计划、条据书信、致辞讲话、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as speech drafts, summary reports, contract agreements, project plans, work plans, study plans, letter letters, speeches, teaching materials, essays, other sample essays, etc. Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!高中英语主谓一致知识点知识是青年人的最佳的荣誉，老年人最大的慰藉，穷人最宝贵的财产，富人最珍贵的装饰品。

初中英语主谓一致三大原则主谓一致三大原则今天跟大家一起来温习一下“主谓一致”这一语法知识点。

所谓主谓一致，指的是主语和谓语在单复数形式上要一致，主语单数，谓语动词用单数，主语复数，谓语动词用复数。

主谓一致主要有以下三大原则。

No.1语法一致原则1. and或both...and...连接并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

Both Jim and Kate are my friends.吉姆和凯特都是我朋友。

He and me are good friends.我和他是好朋友。

2. 主语+with, along with, together with, like, except, but, besides, as well as，including，no less than等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式跟随主语。

We along with a friend have been there last year.我们和一位朋友去年去过那里。

Nobody except Lucy and Lily wants to go boating.除了露西和莉莉没有人想去划船。

3. 不定代词either, neither 和由every-，some-，no-，any-等构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

（none后的谓语动词根据情况可用单数，也可用复数）Everything is fine！一切都还好4. Trousers, scissors, clothes, glasses, pants, shorts, jeans, chopsticks, shoes，gloves等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式。

但当名词前有a/this pair /kind /series of修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。

This pair of trousers is old.这条裤子是旧的。

5. A number of+复数名词作主语，意为“许多，大量的……”，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+复数名词”表示“……的数量”作主语，其谓语动词用单数形式。

高一英语“主谓一致”用法归纳一、基本概念所谓一致关系(Agreement)就是在英语句子中各个成分之间必须在人称、数、性等方面要保持一定的语法关系。

在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语与谓语动词之间的一致。

在判断一个句子主语、谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

一般来说，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词需要采用的单复数形式。

比较：The student studies very hard.这个学生学习非常努力。

The students study very hard.这些学生学习非常努力。

主谓一致的原则说起来简单，但在实际使用中遇到的情况要复杂很多。

在处理主谓一致的问题时，可依据上面提到的三个原则。

“语法一致”也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词亦用单数形式。

“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。

有时，主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。

“就近原则”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和其最近的主语保持一致。

二、基本用法1.集合名词与谓语动词的一致集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调其成员，则用复数形式。

常用的集合名词有：army,audience,class,club,committee,company,couple,crowd,family,flock,group,government,j-ury, majority,minority,organization,party,personnel,publ-ic,staff,team,union等。

The football team are discussing the problem with the coach now.足球队员们现在正在与教练讨论这个问题。

The police have caught the criminal.警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。

主谓一致周容发布时间：2010-8-6 10:10:19英语中主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致;这种一致关系一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则、概念意义一致原则、毗邻一致原则;在用英语表达时,必须注意主谓一致,否则就容易出错;本文以三条原则为基础对英语主谓一致进行论述;1、语法上一致grammatial concord;主要指动词和主语在数和人称上的一致;传统语法规则大多符合这个原则;1〉主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式;例如：This girl is clever enough to study maths well.The masses have full confidence in the their leaders2〉、一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具,作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式,如glasses 眼镜,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses圆规,shopsticks,scissors,scales天平,spectacles眼镜,gloves,stochings,pants等;例如：His trousers have worn out .My glasses are new .但如果主语由“a kind of ,a pair of , a series of 等加名词”构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式; 例如：A pair of shoes was in the box .“pair , piece + of + 名词或物主代词”作主语时,谓语动词与pair 和piece 等词保持一致,与of 之后的名词或代词无关;例如：The pieces of stone were then carried to the new place for the temple , 60 metres higher up the hill .They watched pairs of people who were sitting in college coffee—shops for at least an hour . 3〉、如果主语被more than one….或many a ….修饰时,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式;这符合语法一致原则;例如：More than one student has seen the film .Many a ship has been damaged in the storm .但是,“more + 复数名词+ than one”结构之后,谓语动词一般多用复数形式;例如：More members than one are against your plan .4〉、each , every , no 所修饰的名词即使以and 或逗号连接成多个并列主语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;例如：Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people.No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in such a stormy discussion .In our country every boy and every girl has the right to education .5〉、由and 或both…and连结的主语有复数意义时,用复数动词;这是遵循语法上一致原则的;例如：A hammer and a saw are to be used .Both my sister and my cousin study in Shanghai .Plastics and rubber never rot .Walking and riding are good exercises .但是,并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and 后面的名词没有冠词;例如：The director and chief engineer is an experienced person .A knife and fork is on the table .The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor .Truth and honesty is the best policy .To love and to be loved is the great happiness .6〉、this kind of book = a book of this kind 这种书其谓语用单数；短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men 口语这一类人,但this kind of men 作主语,谓语用单数,men of this kind 和these kind of men 的谓语用复数;all kinds of 后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式;例如：This kind of men is dangerous .Men of this kind are dangerous .This kind of man annoys me .There are three kinds of computer .Some new types of bus are on show .7〉、不定代词each , either , neither ,none , all, one , the other , anyone , anything ,someone , some , more…等作主语,因其有单数意义,谓语动词可用单数,以符合语法上一致原则;但在某特定情况下,不定代词也有复数概念,这时一般用复数动词;这样,语言流畅自然而且也符合概念上一致和紧邻一致原则;例如：Each takes a cup of coffee .Nobody is listening .Now all has been changed .All are present .I invited both Peter and John , but neither have come .I wonder if either are coming .The speech was tedious . Nobody , not even the teacher , were listening .但Either , none , any , 和neither 后面如果有“of + 复数名词或代词”,动词可以用复数,也可以用单数；在正式文体中,单数形式更常用;例如：Does any of you know his address .None of them has have seen the film .We are expecting guests from the country , but none of them has arrived .8〉、当主语后跟有as well as , as much as , no less than , along with , with ,like , rather than ,togeter with , but , except , besidees , including , in addition to等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数按主语中心词的单、复数而定;例如：The teacher as well as the students was excited .An iren and steel works , with some satellite factories , is to be built here .He , like you and Xiao Li is very clever .Nobody but Smith and John was in the laboratory yesterday .Every picture except these two has been sold .No one , besides Helen , Joan , Mary , and Alice ,is willing to help me .The factory , including its machines , was burnt last night .His sister no less than you is wrong .The father , rather than the brothers , is responsible for the accident .但以下两例除外,把它们可以看做受紧邻关系影响;No one except his own supporters agree . 张道真语法第426页GCE,One man with his wife , both looking very anxious , were pleading with a guard to let them through . GCE, , Note b9〉、关系代词who , that , which 等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致;例如：Those who want to go please sign your names here .Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun .Old stamps that have not been used are usually more expensive than used stamps .He , who does not reach the Great Wall ,is not a true man .10〉、在“It is 或It was + 被强调部分+ that / who….”的强调语句中,当强调主语时,who或that后的动词应与被强调的词保持一致;例如：It is he who often helps me .It is I who have saved his wife .11〉、在“one of + 复数名词+who / which / that”引导的的从句结构中,关系代词who \ that \ which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形式;例如：This is one of the most interesting questiongs that have been asked .但是,但one之前有the only 等修饰语时,关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从句的动词应用单数形式;例如：She was the only one of the grils who was late for the meeting .12〉、“分数或百分数+ 名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of、lots of、plenty of、a large quanty of、the rest of、a heap of、heap of +名词”构成短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词数保持一致,这是因为短语中of后面的名词是中心词,而名词前面的短语是修饰语;例如：70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water.I know that one of the towers is on the top of a hill , but the rest of the buildings are easy to get to.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.Lots of damage was caused by fire.Plenty of English books are on the shelf.A large quantity of beer was sold.A quantity of blouses were on sale.13 a great number of, many, a few, quite a few 修饰可数复数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数；a little ,much ,a great deal of ,a large amout of 修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数;例如：A number of other plants were found in America, for example, beans ,potatoes and different fruits.A great deal of trouble lies before us.A large amount of A great deal of damage was done in a very short time .14 large quantities of 修饰可数复数名词或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数;Large amounts of 修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数;例如：Quantities of food nuts were on the table .Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.15 the number of +可数复数名词,the amount of+不可数名词,the quantity of +可数复数名词或不可数名词构成的短语,作主语时,谓语动词用单数;例如：The quantity of books in the library is amazing.As a result, the number of people who travel by plane in China is larger than ever before .The quantity of heat in the office has not been increased .The amount of money is great.16 half of ,apart of 修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数；修饰可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数;例如：Half of the year has passed .Half of the fruit is bad.A part of the stories are interesting.Part of his money is spent in buying books .17,动名词及动名词短语、动词不定式短语、从句,作主语时,谓语动词用单数;例如：Nodding the head means agreement ,while shaking it means disagreement .To hold the Olympic Games is a rich prize for a country .Whether he succeeds or fails doesn’t concern me.When they will come hasn’t been made public.That this had happened is not your fault..2. 概念意义上一致notional concord.指动词和主语在数上的一致是根据数的概念而不是根据数的形式;18某些集体名词,形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,作主语时,谓语动词用复数;例如：The police are searching for him.Cattle are one cause of the problem.The crowd were running for their lives .The Chinese people are brave and hare-working.但people 作“民族”讲时,谓语动词可用单数;例如:Every people has its own ways of living .The Chinese people is a brave and hard-working one.19主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数;这类词有表示学科的名词：physics,economics, statistics,linguistics, athletics,politics,mathematics.有表示山川,河流,人名,地名,作品名称的专有名词;如：the Alps, the Philippines, Athens,Williams,The Times ,the United States, the Arabian Nights等;有些常见的形复意单的普通名词,如means, news ,works,, measles, headquarters等;例如：Mathematics is a very inpertant subject.Statistics is his major.The United States is in the western hemisphere.“The Arabian Nights ”is a very interesting storybook.Taday’s news is quite surpising.The Alps is in Europe.The glass works was rebiult in 1959.Athens is the capital of Greece.The Times has a wide circulation.Every means has been adopted.但有时这类词有复数意义,这时动词就要用复数;例如：All possible means have been tried, Statistics show that there is a great increase in production.20某些集体名词如family,team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中的个体而言,谓语动词用复数形式;这类名词有：audience,class,club,committee,company,crew,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team, population等;例如：My family all love music.My family is not large.The football team are having baths now.The football team is playing well.The population in China is very large ,and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers. “a groupcrowdof+复数名词”等短语之后谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数,前者强调整体,后者强调部分;21单复数同形的名词作主语时,如,sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese等,谓语动词根据意义决定单复数;例如：A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.Deer run faster than dogs.22名词所有格之后名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等,作主语时,动词一般用单数;常见的省略名词有：the baker’s,the barber’s,the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等;例如：Ｍy uncle’s is not far from here.The doctor’s is on the side of the street.表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待,但用作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数;例如：Richardson’s have a lot of leather goods to sell .23当词组中心词为表示度量,距离,金额,时间等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数;例如：Three years has passed.Ten months is enough for them to make a trip.Five pounds is quite enough.24如果名词词组中心词是all,most,half,rest,part等词语,表示的是复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式,表示的是单数意义,谓语动词用单数;例如：All of my classmates work hard .All of the water is gone.25名词性物主代词后的动词,既可以用单数,也可以用复数,这取决与它所代替的是单数还是复数;例如：Ours our party is a great party.Your shoes are black ,mine are brown.26such,the same作指示代词用时,应根据其所指代的内容来决定单复数;例如：Such is our plan . Such are his words .27 、疑问代词who ,what , which作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单复数;例如：Who lives next door It is Xiao Liu ;Who live next door The Zhangs .Which is are your books .What produces heat28、基数词单纯表示数字作主语时,其谓语动词通常用单数形式,但当基数词表示的不是数值而是数量的时候,谓语动词可用复数形式;例如：Ten billion is a large number .Twelve were boys .英语中算术式作主语时,若是减法和除法算式,谓语动词通常用单数形式；若是加法和乘法,谓语动词有时也可用复数形式;例如;Three taken from eight leaves five .Twelve divided by four is threeThree and plus two is/are fourThree times fives is / are fifteen .在提问加、减、乘、除得数时,如果用how much,谓语动词多用单数形式；如果用how many 提问,位于动词多用复数形式;例如：How much is eight divided by twoHow many are two times five29、表示数量的one and a half后,名词要用复数形式;谓语动词的数视具体情况而定;中心词表示金钱、距离、时间等词,常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词习惯用单数；中心词是apple ,banana等可数名词时,位于动词习惯用复数,因为one and a half of是大于“一”的概念;例如：One and a half hours is enough for me to finish the composition .One and a half banana are left on the table .30 如果主语由“the + 形容词”结构充当时,谓语通常用复数,这类词有the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the dead ,the deef and dumb,the oppressed,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数;例如：Tht blind study in special schools .The rich are for the plan,but the poor are against it .The departed was a well-known engineer .31、the world 作主语,谓语动词一般用单数;例如：It will be the bigget live concert that the world has ever seen .The whole world is watching for the results of talks .Half the world lives below the poverty line32、由what 引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数；所指的具体内容若是复数意义,谓语动词一般用复数形式;例如：What we need is more time .What we need are doctors ;What he says and does does not concern me .What he says and does do not agree .3、毗邻一直preximity;指的是动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致;33、由or, either….or, neither….nor, not only…but also…,not…but 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最靠近它的那个词保持数的一致;例如;A few notebooks or some paper is what I need .Either the boys or Mary is wrong .Not only the boys but also the father was to blame .Not one but all of them are good .Neither the record nor the tapes are mine .但neither…nor 有both…and 的反面意思,有些语法家认为,不论nor后的主语是否是复数,习惯上也用复数动词;例如：Neither father nor mother agree 李学平,藩欢怀着当代英语语法概论P18434、在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词应与主语保持数的一致;如果主语为并列的几个词,谓语动词则和最近的那个词保持数的一致;例如：On the wall is a famous painting .On the wall were famous paintings .There is a pen and some books on the desk .There are two books and a pen on the desk .Between the two windows hangs a picture .There comes a young woman and her two children .英语主谓一致是一个简单而复杂的问题;说其简单是因为它一般都遵循语法上一致、概念上一致、毗邻一致三个原则；说其复杂是因为它可分为三十多种情况而且不同语法家的观点不尽相同;笔者按照自己的观点,打破以往传统语法着作对主谓一致依据词类做主语的分类论述,把主谓一致三十多种不同情况分别归属于三条原则下,使人一看便知遵循的是哪条原则,进而对主谓一致做出准确判断;主谓一致的三条原则尽管不同,但它们相互作用,相互包容,还有些特殊情况,本文在论述中,进行了一一论述;对一些有争议的问题,笔者认为应遵循从人们普遍能接受的说法;试看下面两组例子;One and a half pears is left on the table .徐立吾当代英语实用语法P431湖南教育出版社One and a half bananans are left on the table . 包天仁高中英语语法过关训练P214吉林教育出版社One in ten are expected to take part in the contests . 张道真,实用英语英法P426商务印书馆One out of ten has been assigned to do the decoration .李学平,藩欢怀当代英语语法概论P186 北京师范大学出版社。