主谓一致
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主一致1.主一致是指英中在人称、数及意方面要与作主的名或代一致。
2.主一致分法一致、意一致、就近一致。
(1)法一致原:主和在法形式上保持一致。
主数,用数;主复数,用复数。
I often help him and he often helps me.(2)意一致原:主和在意上复数一致。
主数,用数;主复数,用复数。
The police are searching the woods for the murderer.(3)就近素来原:当主有两个或两个以上,由凑近它的主确定。
并列主的一致1.And(1)两个数名用and 接,表示不同样看法,用复数。
Tom and Jack are close friends.(2)两个数名用 and 接,表示同一歌人、同一个物,同一个看法,或表示不可以切割的整体,用数。
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.(3)被 every, each, many a, no 等限制的数名由 and 接,仍用数,其中,后一个限制可以省略。
every ⋯⋯ and ⋯⋯ every,each⋯⋯ and⋯⋯ each,no⋯⋯ and⋯⋯ no, many a⋯⋯ and⋯⋯ manya。
Each boy and (each) girl has an apple.(4)一个数名被几个用 and 接的并列形容修,可以指一件事或几件事,种名作主,要依照意一致的原决定复数。
(5)由 and 接的两个what 的从句作主,要依照意一致的原决定复数What he says and does do not agree.(言不衷心致)What he says and does does not concern me.2.由 either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor接的并列主,常和近的主一致。
主谓一致一、概念:主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。
这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则。
二、主谓一致主要有以下几种情况:语法一致,就近一致和意义一致。
(一)、语法一致:主语为单数形式, 谓语动词也用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语动词也用复数形式。
e.g. I often help him and he often helps me. We often help each other.不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数;可数名词的复数形式作主语, 谓语动词用复数。
1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语:①The worker and writer ______(be) from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家②The worker and the writer ______ (be) from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家③The secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B.was C. are D. were(1)这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:① My brother and I have both seen that film.② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.(2)这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物,谓语动词用单数形式,这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。
例:① The st atesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.② War and peace is a constant theme in history.③ One more knife and fork is needed.④Bread and butter is our daily food.⑤ Law and order has been established.(3)这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
主谓一致(Subject-Verb Agreement )主谓一致指谓语动词必须在人称与数的方面与主语保持一致。
其三个原则如下:1.语法一致原则。
该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致。
即主语是单数形式,动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,动词就用复数形式。
2.意义一致原则。
有时谓语动词的数取决于主语所表示的概念,而不是其语法形式。
This news is important for us.3.就近原则。
有时,谓语动词的数决定于主语中最靠近它的词语。
关于主谓一致的补充:1. 通常用做复数的集合名词。
police, people, cattle 等集合名词作主语,谓语用复数。
但people意为“民族”时,用作单数。
The police are searching for the lost child.2. Clothing (衣服),poetry(诗歌),baggage/luggage(行李),furniture(家具),machinery(机械),scenery(景色),jewellery(珠宝),equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用做不可数名词,表示单数意义,用做主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。
3. “分数(百分数)+of+名词”结构作主语时,谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一致。
About 30 percent of the students were absent that day.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.4. “one in (out of )+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词通常用单数。
Only one in ten students has passed the examination.5. “all of (some of, none of, half of, most of, lots of, plenty of)+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数与其名词的数保持一致。
主谓一致语法总结主谓一致是指中文句子中的主语与谓语在人称和数上保持一致的语法规则。
即当主语为单数时,谓语动词要用单数形式;当主语为复数时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
主谓一致是语言表达准确性和语法规范性的重要组成部分,能够帮助读者或听者更好地理解句子的意思。
下面对主谓一致语法进行详细总结。
一、主谓一致的基本规则1. 主谓一致的人称与数主谓一致在人称上要求主语和谓语动词在人称上保持一致。
一般来说,第一人称(I、we)、第二人称(you)和第三人称(he、she、it、they)的主语分别对应特定的谓语动词形式,要根据不同人称选择正确的动词形式。
例句1:I am a teacher.(我是一名教师。
)第一人称单数主语 "I"对应第一人称单数谓语动词 "am"。
例句2:They are students.(他们是学生。
)第三人称复数主语 "they"对应第三人称复数谓语动词 "are"。
2. 单数主谓一致单数主语要与单数谓语动词保持一致。
单数主语可以是单个名词、不可数名词或单数名词短语。
例句3:The cat is sleeping.(那只猫正在睡觉。
)单数主语 "the cat"对应单数谓语动词 "is"。
例句4:Mathematics is my favorite subject.(数学是我最喜欢的科目。
)单数主语 "Mathematics"对应单数谓语动词 "is"。
3. 复数主谓一致复数主语要与复数谓语动词保持一致。
复数主语可以是由两个或更多名词组成的名词短语,或者是复数名词。
例句5:The books are on the shelf.(书在书架上。
)复数主语 "The books"对应复数谓语动词 "are"。
句子的主谓一致及其注意事项一、什么是主谓一致?在中文语法中,主谓一致指的是主语和谓语之间在人称和数上保持一致。
简单来说,就是当主语为单数时,谓语动词要用单数形式;当主语为复数时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
例如:1. 她喜欢读书。
(主语为单数,谓语动词用单数形式“喜欢”)2. 他们喜欢读书。
(主语为复数,谓语动词用复数形式“喜欢”)二、主谓一致的注意事项1. 一些特殊情况下,需要注意主谓一致的几个特殊规则:①当主语由两个或多个名词作并列连接时,谓语动词的数应与靠近它的名词保持一致。
例如:他和我都去了。
(主语由“他”和“我”两个名词作并列连接,谓语动词用复数形式“去”)②当主语是“either...or...”、“neither...nor...”结构时,谓语动词的数根据靠近它的名词来决定。
例如:要么你走,要么我走。
(主语为“要么你”,谓语动词用单数形式“走”)既不他走,也不我走。
(主语为“既不他”,谓语动词用单数形式“走”)③当主语是“not only...but also...”结构时,谓语动词的数应根据靠近它的名词来决定。
例如:他不仅学习好,而且运动好。
(主语为“他”,谓语动词用单数形式“学习好”)2. 当主语是“each”、“every”、“no”等表示单数的词时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如:每个学生都应该遵守校规。
(主语为“每个学生”,谓语动词用单数形式“应该遵守”)3. 当主语是以“everybody”、“someone”、“nobody”等作为代词时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如:每个人都应该尊重他人。
(主语为“每个人”,谓语动词用单数形式“应该尊重”)4. 当主语是以“many a”、“a lot of”、“the majority of”等短语作为词组时,谓语动词的数要根据短语中的名词来决定。
例如:许多学生喜欢音乐。
(主语为“许多学生”,谓语动词用复数形式“喜欢”)5. 注意主谓一致在被动语态中的表现:在被动语态中,谓语动词的数要根据主语来决定,与之前的主谓一致规则一样。
主谓一致一、主谓一致概述1、主谓一致的定义:谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致,叫做主谓一致。
2、主谓一致的原则分类:①语法形式一致原则:在语法形式上取得一致。
如:主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
②逻辑意义一致原则:谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。
③就近一致原则:谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定,又称为毗邻一致原则。
二、主谓一致考点纵览知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析考点一:语法形式一致的原则考点1:以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
典型例句Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years. 在过去的几年中,这个地区的许多土地已经沙化。
To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage. 开始吸烟很容易,但是要戒烟却需要勇气。
Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving your English. 阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。
What you need most is to have a good sleep. 你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。
考点2:由and或both...and来连接并列主语时,谓语动词用复数。
典型例句Swimming and walking are good exercises. 游泳和散步都是好运动。
He and I were classmates when we were at college. 他和我在上大学时是同学。
Both John and Ann have got pen-friends. 约翰和安都有笔友。
主谓一致姓 名:****** 班 级:英教七班学 号:**********“一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。
主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系,这又叫“主—动一致”。
1. 指导原则三种不同的原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则1)语法一致主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上,即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。
如果名词中心词是复数,动词就该用复数形式;如果名词中心词不是复数,而是单数名词或不可数名词,动词便使用单数形式。
这种一致关系叫做“语法一致”。
Both boys have their own merits(优点).Few students are really lazy.Many people want to go.Two girls were standing on the corner.Each boy has his own book.Either answer is correct.Much effort is wasted.2)意义一致和就近原则有时,主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式,而是取决于主语的单、复数意义:比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数,但有复数意义,随后的动词便用复数;反之,主语在语法形式上是复数,而在意义上可视为单数,随后的动词也用单数。
这种一致关系叫做意义一致。
The government have asked the country to decide by a vote.Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.Fifty-six dollars was stolen from the cash register(现金出纳机).有时,谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语(主要指名词)的单、复数形式,这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。
Either my brothers or my father is coming.Only one out of five were present.No one except his own supporters agree with him.Neither Julia nor I am going.2. 以-s 结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题1)以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称有一些疾病名称是以-s结尾的:arthritis(关节炎)/ bronchitis(支气管炎)/ rickets(软骨病)/ mumps(腮腺炎)/ diabetes(糖尿病)/Generally, measles(麻疹) occurs in children.Measles are sometimes caused by a tapeworm(绦虫).Rickets is / are caused by malnutrition(营养不良).表示游戏名称的名词通常作单数用。
Darts(投标游戏)is essentially a free and easy game.Marbles (打弹子游戏)is one of the oldest of games and was not confined to children.也有个别表示游戏名称的名词作复数用:Cards (打纸牌)are not allowed here.当darts, marbles等用于做这些游戏所用的镖或弹子等意义时,其复数形式仍作复数用。
Three darts (三只镖)are thrown at each turn.Marbles (各种弹子)vary in kind and quality.2)以-ics结尾的学科名称某些以-ics结尾的学科名称,如physics(物理学),mathematics(数学),mechanics(机械学),optics(光学),acoustics(声学),politics(政治学),statistics(统计学),economics(经济学),linguistics(语言学), athletics(体育学),tactics(兵法)等,通常作单数用。
Physics is an important subject in middle schools.Acoustics is the science of sound.Mathematics is the study of numbers.Tactics is an important study for the soldier.Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.如果这类名词表示“学科”以外的其他意义,便可作复数用:My mathematics(运算能力) is /are rather shaky.Athletics (体育运动)have been greatly promoted at this college.The tactics (策略)employed in this campaign were above reproach. The economics (经济意义)of the project are still being considered. 3)以-s结尾的地理名称有些以-s结尾的地理名称,如果是国名,如the United States, the United Nations, the Netherlands等,尽管带有复数词尾,但系单一政治实体,故作单数用。
The United States is a country of people with varied origins.In early January 1976 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1953.若不是国名,而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称,通常作复数用。
The West Indies(西印度群岛), apart from the Bahamas(巴哈马群岛), are commonly divided into two parts.The Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉)have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life.The Straits of Gibraltar (直布罗陀海峡)have not lost their strategic importance.The Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉大瀑布)are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world.4)其他以-s结尾的名词英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以-s结尾,如scissors(剪子), pincers(钳子),glasses(眼镜),shorts(短库),trousers(裤子),suspenders(吊裤带)等。
这一类名词,如果不带“一把”、“一副”、“一条”等单位词而单独使用,通常作复数。
The sugar-tongs are not in the sugar bowl.Joe’s new trousers are black and white.如果带有单位词,则由单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。
One pair of scissors isn’t enough.Two pairs of pliers, one large and one small, are missing from my tool box.英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词,如:archives(档案), arms(武器), clothes(衣服), contents(内容,目录), eaves(屋檐), fireworks(烟火), goods(货物), minutes(记录), morals(道德,品行), remains(遗体), stairs(楼梯), suburbs(郊区),thanks(谢意), wages(工资)等,通常作复数。
The archives of this society are kept in the basement.The contents of this book are most fascinating.High wages often result in high prices.His thanks were most profuse.但也有少数这类名词作单、复数均可:His whereabouts were/ was known only to his personal staff.The dramatics (舞台艺术)of the performance were /was marvelous.凡是由-ings结尾的名词,如clippings(减下来的东西),diggings(掘出来的东西),earnings(收入),filings(锉屑),lodgings(租住的房间),surroundings(环境),sweepings(扫拢的垃圾)等。
通常用作复数。
The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt.The sweepings of the godown have been disposed of.例外,tidings(消息)既可作复数,也可作单数用:Good tidings have cheered them up.The tidings has come a little too late.还有一些-s 结尾的单、复数同形的名词,如barracks(营房), headquarters(总部), means(方法、手段), series(系列), species(种类), works(工厂)等,随后动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名词是用作单数,还是复数。
A barracks was stormed(袭击) by the enemy troops.Two barracks in the suburbs(郊外) have been surrounded.A headquarters was set up to direct the operation(作战指挥).Their headquarters are in Paris.The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms(诉诸武力). All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language lab use. There are two series of readers: one for beginners and one for advanced students.A new species of mammal has been found.Altogether, about 450 species of flatfish(比目鱼) are known.少数这类的名词用作单数和用作复数意义不同。