杭州师范大学英语语言学和英语教学理论2007--2011考研真题／研究生入学考试试题

2007年考试科目代码223 考试科目名称法语（本考试科目共9 页本页第1 页）2007年考试科目代码223 考试科目名称法语（本考试科目共9 页本页第2 页）杭州师范学院硕士研究生入学考试命题纸杭州师范学院硕士研究生入学考试命题纸
2007年考试科目代码223 考试科目名称法语（本考试科目共9 页本页第3 页）2007年考试科目代码223 考试科目名称法语（本考试科目共9 页本页第 4 页）
2007年考试科目代码223 考试科目名称法语（本考试科目共9 页本页第 5 页）2007年考试科目代码223 考试科目名称法语（本考试科目共9 页本页第 6 页）
2007年考试科目代码223 考试科目名称法语（本考试科目共9 页本页第7 页）2007年考试科目代码223 考试科目名称法语（本考试科目共9 页本页第8 页）
2007年考试科目代码223 考试科目名称法语（本考试科目共9 页本页第9 页）2007年考试科目代码223 考试科目名称法语（本考试科目共页本页第页）。

年人来说，看着那一摞摞用过的台历，也许会有一种人生如梦的沧桑感。

于是想到了撕日历。

小的时候，我家总是挂着一个日历牌，我妈妈叫它“阳历牌”，我们称它“月份牌”。

那是个硬纸板裁成的长方形的彩牌，上面是嫦娥奔月的图画：深蓝的天空，一轮无与伦比的圆月，一些隐约的白云以及袅娜奔月的嫦娥飘飞的裙据。

下面是挂日历的地方，纸牌留着一双细眯的眼睛等着日历背后尖尖的铁片插进去，与它亲密的吻合。

那时候我每天最喜欢做的事情就是撕日历。

早晨一睁开眼，便听得见灶房的柴禾噼啪作响，有煮粥或贴玉米饼子的香味飘来。

这基本上是善于早起的父亲弄好了一家人的早饭。

我爬出被窝的第一件事不是穿衣服，而是赤脚踩着枕头去撕钉在炕头被架子一侧的月份牌，凡是黑体字的日子就随手丢在地上，因为这样的日子要去上学，而到了红色字体的日子基本上都是星期天，我便捏着它回到被窝，亲切地看着它，觉得上面的每一个字母都漂亮可爱，甚至觉得纸页泛出一股不同寻常的香气。

于是就可以赖着被窝不起来，反正上课的钟在这一天成了哑巴，可以无所顾忌地放纵自己。

有时候父亲就进来对炕上的人喊：“凉了凉了，起来了！”“凉了”不是指他，是指他做的饭。

反正灶坑里有火，凉了再热，于是仍然将头缩进被窝，那张星期日的日历也跟了进来。

父亲是狡猾的，他这时恶作剧般地把院子中的狗放进睡房，狗冲着我的被窝就摇头摆尾地扑来，两只前爪搭着炕沿，温情十足地呜呜叫着，你只好起来了。

有时候我起来后去撕日历，发现它已经被人先撕过了，于是就很生气，觉得这一天的日子都会没滋味，仿佛我不撕它就不能拥有它似的。

撕去的日子有风雨雷电，也有阳光雨露和频降的白雪。

撕去的日子有欢欣愉悦，也有争吵和悲伤。

虽然那是清贫的时光，但因为有一个团圆的家，它无时不散发出温馨气息。

被我撕掉的日子有时飘到窗外，随风飞舞，落到鸡舍的就被鸡一轰而啄破，落到猪圈的就被猪给拱到粪里也成为粪。

命运好的落在菜园里，被清新的空气滋润着，而最后也免不了被雨打湿，沤烂后成为泥土。

目　录第一部分　首都师范大学876英语学科教学历年考研真题2013年首都师范大学876英语学科教学考研真题2012年首都师范大学876英语学科教学考研真题2011年首都师范大学876英语学科教学考研真题第二部分　北京师范大学440英语教学理论与实践历年考研真题2004年北京师范大学440英语教学理论与实践考研真题2003年北京师范大学440英语教学理论与实践考研真题第三部分　宁波大学837英语教学论历年考研真题2013年宁波大学837英语教学论考研真题2011年宁波大学840英语教学论考研真题2010年宁波大学840英语教学论考研真题第四部分　南京师范大学F092英语教学论历年考研真题2011年南京师范大学F092英语教学论考研真题2004年南京师范大学英语教学论考研真题2003年南京师范大学英语教学论基础知识考研真题2002年南京师范大学445英语教学论考研真题第五部分　杭州师范大学823英语语言学和英语教学论历年考研真题2011年杭州师范大学823英语语言学和英语教学论考研真题2010年杭州师范大学825英语语言学和英语教学理论考研真题2009年杭州师范大学823英语语言学和英语教学理论考研真题2008年杭州师范大学825英语语言学和英语教学理论考研真题2007年杭州师范大学426英语语言学和英语教学理论考研真题第一部分　首都师范大学876英语学科教学历年考研真题2013年首都师范大学876英语学科教学考研真题第二部分　北京师范大学440英语教学理论与实践历年考研真题2004年北京师范大学440英语教学理论与实践考研真题2003年北京师范大学440英语教学理论与实践考研真题第三部分　宁波大学837英语教学论历年考研真题2013年宁波大学837英语教学论考研真题2011年宁波大学840英语教学论考研真题2010年宁波大学840英语教学论考研真题第四部分　南京师范大学F092英语教学论历年考研真题2011年南京师范大学F092英语教学论考研真题2004年南京师范大学英语教学论考研真题2003年南京师范大学英语教学论基础知识考研真题2002年南京师范大学445英语教学论考研真题第五部分　杭州师范大学823英语语言学和英语教学论历年考研真题2011年杭州师范大学823英语语言学和英语教学论考研真题2010年杭州师范大学825英语语言学和英语教学理论考研真题2009年杭州师范大学823英语语言学和英语教学理论考研真题2008年杭州师范大学825英语语言学和英语教学理论考研真题2007年杭州师范大学426英语语言学和英语教学理论考研真题。

杭州师范学院硕士研究生入学考试命题纸 杭州师范学院硕士研究生入学考试命题纸杭 州 师 范 学 院2007 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码： 222考试科目名称：德语说明：1、命题时请按有关说明填写清楚、完整； 2、命题时试题不得超过周围边框； 3、考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负； 4、 5、Ⅰ.请写出下列词汇的反义词。

(30分)1.absichtlich2.schnell3.verkaufen4.freundlich5.sauber6.hellblau7.der Vorteil8.erfolglos9.aus/packen 10.neu 11.ein/ziehen 12.vermieten 13.schwarz 14.groß 15.ohne Ⅱ.请从选项中选择一个正确答案。

（50分）1. Was_____denn heute abend in der Oper gespielt? a.hat b.ist c.wird d.wurde2. Wann geben Sie mir meine Romane zurück? . Morgen gebe ich ______ zurück.a. sie Ihnen b. Sie sie c.. Sie Sie d. Ihnen sie3. ---Tut mir leid, ich kann nicht kommen. Mir geht es schlecht. ---Schade! Dann geh ins Bett und .a. viel Spaßb. gute Besserungc. viel Erfolgd. herzlichen Glückwunsch 4. ---Wann er gestern nach Hause gegangen? ---Gegen 22.00 Uhr.a. hatb. hattec. sindd. ist5. _____er noch nicht sehr lange Deutsch lernt, spricht er schon sehr gut Deutsch.a.Deshalb b.Obwohl c.Wenn d.Als6. Gestern ist Wang zu mir gekommen. Ich freue mich seinen Besuch.a. auf b. über c. für d. gegen7. Ich habe keine Lust, _________.a. ob ich ins Kino gehe b. dass ich ins Theater zu gehen c. ins Konzert zu gehen d. ich ins Theater gehe8. ---_____ist Ihr Name bitte? ---Ich heiße Helga Brunner.a.wasb.wiec.woherd.wohin 9. Was ist _____mit Dali los?Ist er krank? a.denn b.dann c.eben d.ja10. Ich fahre nach Spanien, aber Peter fährt_____.a.nach Schweizb.nach der Schweizc.in die Schweizd.in der Schweiz 11. Er geht zu Herrn Müller,_____ihn zu besuchen. a.um b.wie c.wann d.ohne12. Geld ist nicht alles,_____ohne Geld kann alles nichts. a. und c.denn c.oder d.aber13. Die Suppe schmeckt wirklich gut. Das bedeutet:_______ a.Vielen Dank b.Ist die Suppe gut? c.Die Suppe ist fantastisch. d.Nehmen Sie doch noch eine?14. Sie müssen Deutsch lernen. Sonst_____Sie nicht in Deutschland studieren. a.können b.wollen c.müssen d.möchten15. Vor drei Jahren______Henke nach Bremen umgezogen. a.hat b.haben c.sind d.ist 16. Wissen Sie,______sie Geburtstag hat? a.wie b.wann c.wo d.woher 17. ---Wo liegt Offenbach?---In der Nähe______Frankfurt.a.bei b./ c.von d.des18. Gestern hast du viel gesprochen, aber nichts getrunken. ______du keinen Durst?a.Hast b.Hattest c.Hatte d.Hatten 19. Ich habe ganz ohne Erfolg auf sie gewartet.ngeb.ungeduldigc.umsonstd.kurze 20. Dieses Buch ist sehr bekannt. Das______du mal lesen. a.sollst b.solltest c.willst d.möchtest 21. ---Kommen Sie aus Italien, Herr Hans? ---Nein, ich bin______.a.deutschb.deutschec.Deutscherd.Deutsch 22. Heute Abend gibt es ein Fußballspiel. Hast du Lust_____?a.dazu b.damit c.darüber d.davon23. Ich habe einen Roman gekauft. Ich _____ ihn sehr interessant.a.glaube b.halte c.finde d.meine 24. Das Zimmer ist zu klein. Ich möchte ein_______.a.größes b.größe c.größeres d.größereres25. Er ist schwer krank. Deshalb will er ______essen noch trinken.a.entweder b.weder c.nichts d./Ⅲ.请填入恰当的介词。

杭州师范学院2007年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码：：426考试科目代码考试科目名称：：英语语言学和英语教学理论考试科目名称1234480Test for Linguistics1.Fill in one of the blanks with one of the following choices10 pointsA) Linguistic competence; B) Morphology; C) Descriptive linguistics; D) Syntax; E) Creativity;F) Assimilation; G) Psycholinguistics; H) A phoneme; I) Diachronic linguistics; J) Phonology1) __________studies the way in which speakers of a language systematically use a selection of these sounds in order to express meaning.2)___________ studies the internal organization of words, that is the minimal units of meaning- morphemes and word-formation process.3)__________is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences.4)__________is the smallest linguistic unit of sound that can signal a difference in meaning.5)__________investigates the interrelation of language and mind, in processing and producing utterances and in language acquisition for example.6)__________refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound, which is more specifically called “contact” or “ contiguous” assimilation.7)__________refers to a language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules.8)__________refers to the study of a language through the course of its history.9)__________refers to the study of describing how things are.10)_________means language is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness.2.Fill in the blanks with suitable linguistic terms. (15 points)1) NUMBER is mostly a category of the noun and pronoun. ________is also mostly a category of the noun and pronoun.________and _______ are two important categories of verb, and they were not separated in traditional grammar.2) In Saussure’s view, language is a system of signs, each of which consists of two parts: ________ (concept) and _________ (sound image).3) Structural linguists realize a sentence does not only have a LINEAR structure, they also have a ____________ structure.4) Chomsky thinks we should make a distinction between two levels of structures: DEEP and _________ structures. The former may be defined as the abstract representation of syntactic properties of a construction, the latter is the final stage in the syntactic derivation of a construction.5) According to the perspective of Prague Linguistic Circle, apart from the analysis of a sentence in terms of subject and predicate, there may also be a functional analysis in terms of THEME and ________.6) Philosophers use __________,opposite to DENOTATION, to mean the properties of the entity a word denotes.7) Words are in different sense relations with each other. _________ is the technical name for the sameness relation. Antonymy is the name for oppositeness relation. The ________ is of recent creation, which has not found its way to some small dictionaries yet.8)Austin’s first shot at the theory is the claim that there are two types of sentences: performatives and constatives. And verbs like name are called__________.9) To specify the theory of conversational implication, Grice introduced four categories of maxims. They are Quantity,________, Relation, and________.10)When discussing computer-assisted language learning, we have first to make a distinction between CAI and ________.3.Define the following linguistic terms. (20 points)1) “word”2) “sentence”3) the referential theory4) sense relations5) the types of morphemes4. Different linguistic theories differ in their treatment of sentence structure. We know there are four representative approaches to syntax, traditional approach, structural approach, generative approach and functional approach. Discuss one of them. (20 points)5.Through IC (Immediate Constituent) analysis, the internal structure of a sentence may be demonstrated clearly, and ambiguities, if any, will be revealed. Please show the meanings for the following sentences with tree diagrams. (15 points)Sentence 1:Poor Mary ran away. (7 points)Sentence 2:Leave the pen on the desk. (8 points)70I.Define the terms given: 20 2 for each term1.second v. foreign language acquisition2.structural syllabus3.notional-functional syllabusmunicative syllabus5.input hypothesis6.interlanguage7.negative transfer8.overgeneralization9.hypercorrection10.proficiency testII. Answer the following questions: (50)1In what ways is linguistics associated with foreign language teaching? (15)2How does linguistics contribute to the research in language teaching? (15)3What is your understanding of English education in the Chinese context? (10)42121(10)。

年考试科目代码723 考试科目名称综合英语（本考试科目共11 页本页第1 页）
2011年考试科目代码考试科目名称综合英语（本考试科目共本页第页）
2011年考试科目代码考试科目名称综合英语（本考试科目共页本页第页）
2011年考试科目代码考试科目名称综合英语（本考试科目共页本页第页）
2011年考试科目代码考试科目名称综合英语（本考试科目共页本页第页）
2011年考试科目代码考试科目名称综合英语（本考试科目共页本页第页）
2011年考试科目代码考试科目名称综合英语（本考试科目共页本页第页）
2011年考试科目代码考试科目名称综合英语（本考试科目共页本页第页）
2011年考试科目代码考试科目名称综合英语（本考试科目共页本页第
杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸
2011年考试科目代码723 考试科目名称综合英语（本考试科目共11 页本页第11 页）。

2012浙江杭州师范大学英语语言文学基础考研真题语言学方向试题（外国语言学及应用语言学专业考生选做）Part OneⅠ. Define the following terms. (每小题 5 分，共 15 分)1. semantic components2. reference3. categorizationⅡ. True/ False decision. Write T for true and F for false. (每小题 1 分，共 15 分)1) All languages have three major components: a sound system, a system of lexicogrammar and asystem of semantics. ( )2) Phonetics means that the study of how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived. Itcan be divided into three main fields of study------articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics andperceptual/ auditory phonetics. ( )3) A linguist needs to be able to know all languages if he wants to study linguistics. （）4) Creativity refers to the fact that in all languages so far investigated one finds two levels of structure or patterning. （）5) Morpheme is both a grammatical concept and a semantic one. ( )6) Loanblend is a process in which part of the form is native and the rest has been borrowed, but the meaning is fully borrowed. ( )7) Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of a particular language.( )8) In the classic semantic triangle, the symbol is directly to the referent.( )9) Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the relationships between elements in sentence structures.( )10) In 1950s, Chomsky’s publication of Syntactic Struct ures (1957) helped to ignite the cognitive revolution. ( )11) Pragmatics is the study of meaning. ( )12)It is generally believed that modern linguistics is mostly descriptive, diachronic, and emphatic on writing. ( )13)There exist three approaches to the study of language and cognition. The conceptual approach is concerned with the patterns in which and the processes by which conceptual content is organized in language. ( )14) Metaphor involves the comparison of two concepts in that one is construed in terms of the other. ( )15) Our language can not be used to talk itself.( )Ⅲ. Answer the questions. (每小题 10 分，共 20 分)1.Does the traffic light system have duality?2.What is sense?Ⅳ. Discuss . (每小题 15 分，共 30 分)1.Conceptual meaning2.Sense relationsPart Two.1.Fill in the blank in each of the statements with one word from the box:（20 points）1. The goals of SLA, then, are to describe how L2 acquisition ___1___ and to explain this process and why some ___2___ seem to be better at it than others.2. The goal of explanation is to identify the ___3___ and ___4___ factors that account for acquiring an L2.3. The Description of L2 acquisition tries to find out what learners really___5___, as opposed towhat they ___6___ they do, when they try to learn an L2.4. It is possible that ___7___ errors may actually help learners to learn when they ___8___ the errors they make.5.Errors are a conspicuous ___9___ of learner language, ___10___ the important question of ‘Why do learners make errors?’.6.The acquisition of a particular grammatical structure must be seen as a ___11___ involving transitional construction and follows a U-shaped ___12___ of development.7.Systematic development of learner language reflects a ___13___ system of L2 knowledge. And this system is often ___14___ to as interlanguage.8.To understand what is meant by interlanguage, we need to briefly consider behaviorist learning ___15___ and mentalist ___16___ of language learning.9. The role of ___17___ in L2 acquisition serves a consciousness-raising function by helping learners to notice ___18____ in their interlanguage.10. Social ___19___ influence interlaguage development via the impact they have on the ___20___that determine the kinds of language use learners engage in.II. Explain the following terms briefly. (30points)1. learner language2. target language3. input4. mistake5. error6. interlanguage7. motivation8. Negative transfer9. overgenalization10 .language aptitudeIII .Answer the following questions (20 points )1.What, according to Rod Ellis, are the four steps for carrying out Error Analysis? Explain each step briefly.2.What is your understanding of the following short passage about the learning strategies of L2 acquisition?Language aptitude and motivation constitute general factors that influence the rate and level of L2 achievement. But how does their influence operate? One possibility is that they affect the nature and the frequency with which individual learners use learning strategies.文学方向试题（英语语言文学专业考生选做）I. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. (30 分)1. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, _ ,in 1607.A. VermontB. MassachusettsC. VirginiaD. California2.The Mayflower voyage was taken in .A. 1607B. 1620C. 1775D. 17893.The first American writer was .A. John WinthropB. William BradfordC. Anne BradstreetD. Captain John Smith4.The best of the Puritan poets was .A. William BradfordB. John WinthropC. Anne BradstreetD. Edward Taylor5. Thomas Paine wrote the following EXCEPT .A. Common SenseB. AutobiographyC. The Rights of ManD. The American Crisis6.The Declaration of Independence was signed on .A. July 4, 1776B. July 4, 1775C. July 14, 1776D. July 14, 17837. The most important document in the political history of the United States is, which is alsoa fine work of literature.A. The American CrisisB. The Declaration of IndependenceC. The Rights of ManD. Common Sense8.has been called the “Father of American Poetry”.A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Walt WhitmanC. Philip FreneauD. William Cullen Bryant9.became known in Europe as “the American Walter Scott”.A. James Fenimore CooperB. Washington IrvingC. Herman MelvilleD. Nathaniel Hawthorne10.was the first American naturalist.A. Theodore DreiserB. Stephen CraneC. Hamlin GarlandD. Nathaniel Hawthorne11.in the 1860s was the first American writer of local color to achieve wide popularity.A. Herman MelvilleB. Washington IrvingC. James Fenimore CooperD. Bret Harte12.was the foremost novelist of the American Depression of the 1930s, whose masterpiecewas a novel about the great “dust bowl” disaster in Oklahoma.A. Theodore DreiserB. Upton SinclairC. Thomas WolfeD. John Steinbeck13. The Sound and the Fury is one of ’s “modernist” masterpieces.A. John SteinbeckB. William FaulknerC. E. E. CummingsD. Ezra Pound14.was the most joyful poet of the Lost Generation. In his poetry we can see the clear influence of the Cubist painters.A. Carl SandburgB. Robert FrostC. E. E. CummingsD. Ezra Pound15.was considered the founder of psychological realism in America. His realism is known as “stream-of-consciousness” literature.A. O. HenryB. James JoyceC. Stephen CraneD. Henry James16.The most striking feature of Beowulf is _____.A.the national epic of the Anglo-Saxon and English peopleB.alliterationC.humorD.satire17.One of the distinct features of the Elizabethan time is _____.A.the flourishing of the dramaB.the popularity of the realistic novelC.the domination of the classical poetryD.the close-down of all the theatres18.Which of the following is not John Milton's works?A.Paradise LostB.Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD.Othello19.Thomas Hardy wrote novels of _____.A.psychoanalysisB.pure romanceC.character and environmentD. stream of consciousness20. “My Last Duchess” is a poem that best exemplifies Robert Browning’s _____.A.sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB.excellent choice of wordsC.mastering of the metrical devicese of the dramatic monologue21.Among the great writers of the modern period, _____ might be the greatest in radical experimentation of technical innovations in novel writing.A.Joseph ConradB. D. H. LawrenceC.Virginia WoolfD.James Joyce22. Shakesp eare’s four great tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, _____ and _____.A. King Lear…Romeo and JulietB. King Lear…MacbethC. King John…Julius CaesarD. King John…The Merchant of Venice23. The term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to name the work of the_____ century writers who wrote under the influence of _____.A.16th…Edmund SpenserB.17th…John DonneC.18th…Thomas GrayD.20th…John Ransom24. The greatest English critical realist novelist was _____, who criticized the bourgeois civilizationand showed the misery of the common people.A.Charles DickensB. Emily BronteC.W.M. ThackerayD.Charlotte Bronte25. Which of the following is NOT true about The Canterbury Tales?A.It is written for the great part in heroic couplets.B.Chaucer chose a pilgrimage as the framework for the stories involved in it.C.It is written in the form of a dream vision.D.“The General Prologue” introduces the pilgrims and the time and occasion of the pilgrimage.26. The Romantic Age began with the publication of The Lyrical Ballads which was written by_____.A. William WordsworthB. Samuel JohnsonC. Wordsworth and ColeridgeD.Samuel Taylor Coleridge27.Which of the following is Not Jane Austen’s usual theme?self-knowledge everyday life of rural upper class relationships between people women and marriage28. _____ is the only novel written by Oscar Wilde.A.The Importance of Being EarnestB.The Picture of Dorian GrayC.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManD.The Picture of a Lady29.Which was not one of Shelley’s lyrics on natur e?A. “Ode to the West Wind”B.“To a Skylark”C.“The Cloud”D.“Ode to the Nightingale”30. George Eliot was the pseudonym of _____.A. Mary Ann EvansB.Mark TwinC. Ellis BellD.Samuel Langhorne ClemensII. Please answer the following questions briefly. (20 分)1. Why did Mark Twain define the period of the Civil War as a “Gilded Age”?2. What is “Naturalism” in literary creation?3. What is blank verse?4. Why is Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels ranked among the best novels of world literature?III. Please translate the following into Chinese and vice versa. (40 分)1.The violence of breaking down the door seemed to fill this room with pervading dust. A thin, acrid pall as of the tomb seemed to lie everywhere upon this room decked and furnished as for a bridal: upon the valance curtains of faded rose color, upon the rose-shaded lights, upon the dressing table, upon the delicate array of crystal and the man's toilet things backed with tarnished silver, silver so tarnished that the monogram was obscured. Among them lay a collar and tie, as if they had just been removed, which, lifted, left upon the surface a pale crescent in the dust. Upon a chair hung the suit, carefully folded; beneath it the two mute shoes and the discarded socks.The man himself lay in the bed.For a long while we just stood there, looking down at the profound and fleshless grin. The body had apparently once lain in the attitude of an embrace, but now the long sleep that outlasts love, that conquers even the grimace of love, had cuckolded him. What was left of him, rotted beneath what was left of the nightshirt, had become inextricable from the bed in which he lay; and upon him and upon the pillow beside him lay that even coating of the patient and biding dust.Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair.2. 回顾柏拉图对人类道德状况的解释，我们已经了解到，他的出发点是独立于身体而存在的灵魂概念。

杭州师范学院硕士研究生入学考试命题纸杭州师范学院硕士研究生入学考试命题纸杭州师范学院2007年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码：426考试科目名称：英语语言学和英语教学理论说明：1、命题时请按有关说明填写清楚、完整；2、命题时试题不得超过周围边框；3、考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负；4、除第二部分：英语教学理论部分的第二大题（回答问题）的第4小题外，其余全部用英语答题。

5、2) In Saussure’s view, language is a system of signs, each of which consists of two parts: ________ (concept) and_________ (sound image).3) Structural linguists realize a sentence does not only have a LINEAR structure, they also have a ____________structure.4) Chomsky thinks we should make a distinction between two levels of structures: DEEP and _________structures. The former may be defined as the abstract representation of syntactic properties of a construction, the latter is the final stage in the syntactic derivation of a construction.5) According to the perspective of Prague Linguistic Circle, apart from the analysis of a sentence in terms of subject and predicate, there may also be a functional analysis in terms of THEME and ________.6) Philosophers use __________,opposite to DENOTATION, to mean the properties of the entity a word denotes.7) Words are in different sense relations with each other. _________ is the technical name for the sameness relation. Antonymy is the name for oppositeness relation. The ________ is of recent creation, which has not found its way to some small dictionaries yet.8)Austin’s first shot at the theory is the claim that there are two types of sentences: performatives and constatives. And verbs like name are called__________.9) To specify the theory of conversational implication, Grice introduced four categories of maxims. They are Quantity,________, Relation, and________.10)When discussing computer-assisted language learning, we have first to make a distinction between CAI and ________.3.Define the following linguistic terms. (20 points)1) “word”2) “sentence”3) the referential theory4) sense relations5) the types of morphemes4. Different linguistic theories differ in their treatment of sentence structure. We know there are four representative approaches to syntax, traditional approach, structural approach, generative approach and functional approach. Discuss one of them. (20 points)5.Through IC (Immediate Constituent) analysis, the internal structure of a sentence may be demonstrated clearly, and ambiguities, if any, will be revealed. Please show the meanings for the following sentences with tree diagrams. (15 points)。

目　录2010年杭州师范大学842综合英语考研真题及详解2011年杭州师范大学723综合英语考研真题及详解2012年杭州师范大学716综合英语考研真题及详解2013年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解2014年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解2015年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解2016年杭州师范大学724综合英语考研真题及详解2017年杭州师范大学723综合英语考研真题及详解2018年杭州师范大学723综合英语考研真题及详解2019年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解2010年杭州师范大学842综合英语考研真题及详解Part Ⅰ. Cloze (20points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their past lives, (1) _____ about the future. These reminiscences are not simply random or trivial memories, (2) _____ is their purpose merely to make conversation. The old person’s recollections of the past help to (3)_____ an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile: (4) _____ any role that brings respect or any goal that might provide (5) _____ to the future, the individual mentions their past as a reminder to listeners, that here was a life (6) _____ living. (7) _____, the memories form part of a continuing life (8) _____, in which the old person (9) _____ the events and experiences of the years gone by and (10) _____ on the overall meaning of his or her own almost completed life.As the life cycle (11) _____ to its close, the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impending death. (12) _____ this task is made difficult by the fact that death is almost a (13) _____ subject in the United States. The mere discussion of death is often regarded as (14) _____. As adults many ofus find the topic frightening and are (15) _____ to think about it—and certainly not to talk about it (16) _____ the presence of someone who is dying.Death has achieved this taboo (17) _____ only in the modern industrial societies. There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance to (18) _____ the idea of death. It is the very fact that death remains (19) _____ our control; it is almost the only one of the natural processes (20) _____ is so.1. A. better thanB. rather thanC. less thanD. other than2. A. soB. evenC. norD. hardly3. A. preserveB. conserveC. resumeD. assume4. A. performingB. playingC. undertakingD. lacking5. A. orientationB. implicationC. successionD. presentation6. A. worthyB. worthC. worthlessD. worthwhile7. A. In a wordB. In briefC. In additionD. In particular8. A. prospectB. impetusC. impressionD. review9. A. integratesB. incorporatesC. includesD. interacts10. A. reckonsB. countsC. reflectsD. conceive11. A. keepsB. drawsC. inclinesD. tends12. A. ThereforeB. AndD. Otherwise13. A. tabooB. disputeC. contemptD. neglect14. A. notoriousB. indecentC. obscureD. desperate15. A. readyB. willingC. liableD. reluctant16. A. atB. onC. with17. A. statusB. circumstanceC. environmentD. priority18. A. encounterB. confrontC. tolerateD. expose19. A. underB. aboveC. beyondD. within20. A. whichB. whatC. asD. that【答案与解析】1. B 句意：老年人谈论过去而不是未来。