世界银行：按购买力平价 (PPP) 衡量的人均国民总收入(GNI)(现价国际元)_国民经济核算_科研数据集

2010人均国民总收入
人均国民总收入（GNI）（以前称为人均GNP）是国民总收入用世界银行图表集法换算为美元除以年中人口数。

国民总收入（GNI）是指所有居民生产者创造的增加值的总和，加上未统计在估计产值中的任何产品税（减去补贴），再加上境外原始收入的净收益（雇员薪酬和财产收入）。

国民总收入（GNI）以本国货币计算，为便于经济体之间的比较分析，通常会按照官方汇率转换为美元。

但如有理由认定官方汇率大幅偏离了国际交易中实际应用的汇率，则可采用替代汇率。

为熨平价格和汇率波动，世界银行采用了一种特殊的换算方法——图表集法。

这种方法采用一种转换系数求出给定年及此前两年汇率的平均值，根据该国G-5国家（法国、德国、日本、英国和美国）之间的在2000年期间的通胀率差异进行调整。

自2001 年起，涉及面扩展到欧元区、日本、英国和美国。

国家名称19941995199619971998199920002001不丹1,5601,6301,7601,9101,8601,9302,4702,660东帝汶1,4701,740中国1,3501,4901,6601,8301,9602,1202,3502,570中国澳门特别22,47022,99022,68022,68021,55020,70021,60021,020中国香港特别23,05023,75023,66025,25024,16025,21027,18028,170中非共和国530570540570590610590630丹麦21,59022,69023,73024,88025,83026,69028,21029,020乌克兰3,5103,1402,9202,9002,8802,9303,1903,650乌兹别克斯坦1,2001,2001,2101,2601,3201,3701,4301,500乌干达490550590610630670670700乌拉圭6,8806,8907,3708,1308,5308,4908,4808,320乍得780800800830870850820900也门共和国1,5101,5301,4901,5501,6701,6401,7601,830亚美尼亚1,2601,4001,5701,7301,8401,9302,1002,370以色列15,88017,05018,31018,80019,15019,32021,46022,260伊拉克伊朗伊斯兰共5,1805,4105,8106,0306,1706,2506,6206,940伯利兹3,9704,0004,0204,1204,1604,3905,6505,990佛得角1,0801,2201,3501,4901,6601,8302,0702,160俄罗斯联邦5,7005,5705,4505,6005,2505,7206,6607,260保加利亚5,1405,3504,4304,6905,3505,5906,0806,780克罗地亚7,9708,9809,62010,0209,76010,73011,460关岛冈比亚1,2201,2301,2501,2801,3001,3601,4201,480冰岛22,09022,52023,60025,45027,19028,05028,04029,500几内亚620640660680700730750780几内亚比绍共9309601,0701,150800810500920列支敦士登刚果（布）2,1701,5201,5501,9002,0501,8201,9702,030刚果（金）270270280260260240220220利比亚利比里亚160190190290260加拿大21,02021,90022,47023,64024,63026,14027,67028,440加纳770790820850880910940980加蓬10,34010,61010,92011,44011,93010,66010,06010,510匈牙利8,5008,6808,9409,40010,05010,43011,29012,720北马里亚纳群岛南苏丹南非5,8506,0206,2406,3706,3106,3906,6406,780博茨瓦纳6,2707,0007,0407,7508,1608,2708,3608,760卡塔尔卢旺达340470510540540540560590卢森堡34,19035,99037,43039,28039,77044,09046,75047,890印度1,0601,1501,2401,2901,3601,4701,5301,620印度尼西亚2,0402,2202,4002,5102,1102,0802,1702,230危地马拉2,8402,9803,0403,1603,2903,3803,4903,600厄瓜多尔4,9905,1005,1705,3905,4805,0605,0805,430厄立特里亚470490530570570560530570古巴吉尔吉斯斯坦1,0409901,0601,1501,1601,1801,2601,380吉布提1,7301,6801,6101,5801,5701,6001,6301,660哈萨克斯坦3,8503,6603,7903,9704,0104,1304,4805,280哥伦比亚5,1705,4605,5505,7305,7505,4905,7405,850哥斯达黎加5,6305,7905,8306,0806,4006,2806,6607,010喀麦隆1,2401,2701,3201,3801,4401,4901,5201,570图瓦卢土库曼斯坦3,1002,7902,9802,7102,8403,2603,2703,570土耳其4,8905,3005,7306,1908,6308,2009,1908,530圣卢西亚6,1706,3906,8306,9107,2907,5007,6407,300圣基茨和尼维9,0009,5209,81010,69010,60011,12011,55012,210圣多美和普林西比1,180圣文森特和格4,3304,4904,6705,4005,7005,9306,1006,400圣马丁(荷属)圣马丁（法属）圣马力诺圭亚那1,5001,6401,8101,9001,8902,0002,0302,080坦桑尼亚620640670680700730770810埃塞俄比亚370390440440420430460490基里巴斯2,2902,4202,2202,7703,2302,9903,3703,640塔吉克斯坦950820670720750780840920塞内加尔1,0301,0801,1201,1401,2001,2501,2901,350塞尔维亚5,7605,9305,3605,7906,190塞拉利昂580590630610600600640590塞浦路斯14,65015,06015,46015,80018,23017,36018,19019,810塞舌尔11,99011,77012,47014,16015,04015,16015,75015,840墨西哥8,6607,6608,0608,7009,0409,52010,11010,110多哥600660720820790790790770多米尼克5,8806,0706,2306,4907,0806,9706,5607,050多米尼加共和3,3003,4903,7604,0604,3204,5904,8905,010大韩民国11,33012,42013,43014,25013,29014,87017,11018,110奥地利22,21023,12024,21024,71025,86026,70028,42028,420委内瑞拉玻利7,7308,1008,0608,5108,4708,0308,3808,660孟加拉国660690720750790820880930安哥拉7301,2301,4401,6501,6801,6201,7601,840安提瓜和巴布12,02011,43011,76012,75013,16013,54013,94013,940安道尔共和国密克罗尼西亚2,5402,6102,5502,5702,5002,5702,7602,860尼加拉瓜1,6101,7601,9002,0002,1102,2502,3602,430尼日利亚8408809309509409301,010尼日尔490490510510550540520550尼泊尔680690730760770800850890巴哈马23,26024,47027,74022,45024,25025,76026,96027,750巴基斯坦1,4101,4801,5201,5201,5301,5701,6301,660巴巴多斯14,86015,28015,75017,09017,94018,52019,26019,030巴布亚新几内1,7801,7401,7901,7501,6501,6401,6301,590巴拉圭3,6903,9303,9403,8903,8103,5203,560巴拿马5,4305,4405,6505,9506,2706,3906,6406,700巴林16,50017,64018,30018,00018,66018,73019,60019,800巴西5,9206,2306,3806,5806,5406,4806,8406,940布基纳法索580610680710750790800850布隆迪480440410400430420430420希腊14,40014,90015,38016,25016,72017,03018,32019,900帕劳12,11013,78015,18015,41015,07014,75012,13013,140库拉索开曼群岛德国21,56022,25022,88023,33023,89024,69025,48026,410意大利19,77020,83021,60022,50023,65024,22025,56027,100所罗门群岛1,4101,5001,4602,3502,3402,3102,0001,840拉脱维亚5,2705,4105,8106,4906,9907,3408,0308,950挪威21,88023,26025,73027,64027,10029,55035,64037,130捷克共和国12,44013,38014,15014,25014,26014,54015,28016,350摩尔多瓦1,4801,4901,5101,5501,4701,4401,5001,710摩洛哥2,1802,0402,3102,2702,4602,4702,5302,760摩纳哥文莱达鲁萨兰39,69041,23042,12041,21040,47041,35042,54043,740斐济2,7702,9403,1303,0603,0603,3503,5303,570斯威士兰3,1303,4803,7203,8103,7103,8803,8504,150斯洛伐克共和7,6408,3409,0909,75010,33010,35010,95012,070斯洛文尼亚12,07013,11013,92014,88015,73016,77017,57018,480斯里兰卡1,9002,0002,0902,2402,3302,4302,6202,690新加坡25,40027,13028,14030,84029,34031,26033,65032,980新喀里多尼亚新西兰15,81016,65016,88017,75018,21019,13020,02021,080日本22,27023,12024,18024,97024,69024,94026,29026,970智利6,2907,1207,7208,2708,5808,4709,3609,790朝鲜民主主义人民共和国柬埔寨680700740760840910980格林纳达4,8204,9205,1705,4605,7906,4506,7906,670格陵兰格鲁吉亚1,3201,3801,6401,9902,1302,2302,3102,430比利时21,91022,79023,24024,30024,80025,85028,28028,980毛里塔尼亚1,2701,3901,5301,4401,4901,5801,5501,520毛里求斯5,6405,9606,3106,7407,1407,3408,1008,480汤加2,8902,9703,0303,0703,2303,3603,4603,620沙特阿拉伯15,77015,94016,46017,01017,52017,32017,81017,570法国19,41020,14020,83021,80022,89023,92025,53026,900法属波利尼西亚法罗群岛波兰6,7407,3007,9908,7109,3109,84010,48010,930波多黎各波斯尼亚和黑8701,1202,3103,1704,5904,7804,8405,040泰国4,2004,6404,9304,8704,3204,5504,8804,990津巴布韦洪都拉斯2,0702,1102,1902,3302,3802,3502,5102,510海地澳大利亚19,55020,19021,21022,16023,48024,54025,53026,620爱尔兰14,91016,32017,79019,38021,29022,36024,91025,900爱沙尼亚6,3206,9607,7808,3608,6509,56010,280牙买加特克斯科斯群岛特立尼达和多7,9808,4008,8509,46010,40010,97011,64012,570玻利维亚2,4902,6002,7302,8402,9702,9503,0203,080瑞典20,17021,31022,14022,96024,05025,74027,72028,030瑞士27,40028,15028,95030,80031,86032,64034,85034,790瓦努阿图2,5102,6902,6702,7703,1203,1503,2503,240白俄罗斯3,7403,4303,6104,0904,5004,7505,1505,560百慕大科威特41,30041,79043,74044,24039,81040,94039,320科摩罗9409709509809709801,0001,030科特迪瓦1,2701,3501,4601,5501,6001,6101,5501,560科索沃秘鲁3,8104,1404,3004,6104,6004,6304,7804,850突尼斯3,7003,8404,1004,3804,6004,8905,1505,480立陶宛5,8406,1906,6007,1707,8307,8308,4809,420索马里约旦2,6002,7502,7702,8702,9303,0103,2303,420约旦河西岸和加沙纳米比亚3,4903,7103,6903,7903,8703,8304,0304,060缅甸罗马尼亚4,8805,3305,6805,4505,2805,2805,6206,380美国27,35028,55029,98031,62033,23034,85036,93037,860美属维京群岛美属萨摩亚老挝8409009509901,0201,1001,1401,220肯尼亚9901,0401,0901,0901,1201,1201,1301,170芬兰16,99018,14018,74020,55022,04023,31025,47026,500苏丹8008409101,0001,0201,0301,0701,130苏里南3,9204,0304,1304,3304,3804,0704,4104,170英国19,03019,90021,14022,71023,82024,32026,25027,930荷兰20,68021,83022,83024,39025,20027,22030,04031,020莫桑比克290300330360390420420460莱索托1,2101,2001,2601,3101,2801,3201,3601,670菲律宾2,0302,1302,2602,4002,4302,2602,3902,460萨尔瓦多3,4703,7303,8304,0004,1704,3104,5004,660萨摩亚1,9002,0702,3402,3702,4602,5302,7503,020葡萄牙12,64013,49014,02014,81015,60016,58017,43018,040蒙古1,5101,6301,7001,7801,8601,9301,9702,060西班牙14,97015,87016,54017,52018,70019,64021,13022,220贝宁8709109309801,0101,0501,0901,150赞比亚810790840860830850880920赤道几内亚1,5801,8101,9403,4704,4103,3005,4006,190越南1,0001,1201,2201,3201,3901,4601,5701,690阿塞拜疆1,7101,5101,5201,6501,8201,9502,1002,330阿富汗阿尔及利亚4,0204,1304,2904,3804,6004,7204,8505,230阿尔巴尼亚2,3702,8103,1502,8903,2903,6704,0804,530阿拉伯叙利亚2,9703,1203,1603,0403,2303,0603,1203,320阿拉伯埃及共2,7602,9203,0903,2803,4003,5903,8103,970阿拉伯联合酋长国64,800阿曼12,78013,46013,94014,99015,44015,64016,80018,130阿根廷7,9207,7308,1808,8809,1808,8808,9208,610阿鲁巴马其顿王国4,6904,7604,8704,9705,1605,3605,7105,660马尔代夫3,850马恩岛马拉维420490540560560570580550马来西亚6,7807,4208,1008,5607,8208,0808,6908,820马绍尔群岛马耳他14,53015,54014,70015,61016,00017,20018,59018,450马达加斯加660670680700720750770810马里570600610640670710730780黎巴嫩7,8808,4708,8408,6508,9008,8909,0509,060黑山6,8807,100200220032004200520062007200820092010 2,8603,0303,2003,4803,7804,4404,5804,8005,230 1,4701,2901,4301,7802,7603,8405,9404,3305,310 2,8403,1903,5904,0904,7405,5606,2006,7407,470 24,03026,75033,04035,85039,60050,21046,14046,77057,750 28,48030,56033,72036,63040,89044,67047,43045,26048,140 650620660680740800830900960 30,39030,25032,43033,66036,67038,10040,46038,87041,540 3,9504,4505,1605,5206,1206,8207,2006,1306,540 1,5701,6601,8302,0002,1702,5202,8102,9303,120 7507908408808909501,0301,0101,140 7,8607,7208,3109,35010,08011,00011,89012,15013,290 9409101,2101,0801,1101,1701,1401,3001,480 1,8701,9001,9502,0702,2202,3102,3602,4702,590 2,7603,2103,6404,2805,0405,9008,3807,1307,510 22,58021,35023,01023,10023,83025,67025,08025,25026,270 2,3502,6903,2403,0003,2303,4003,640 7,3307,9008,4409,0109,74010,71010,52010,2506,1506,7707,2407,4806,3106,2706,4906,8007,090 2,2402,3502,6202,8203,1003,7104,0104,1204,230 7,8808,97010,03011,56014,50016,35019,85018,60020,110 7,7408,3508,9709,84010,80011,39013,23013,27013,700 12,37012,98014,20014,93016,44018,29019,66018,71018,0701,3901,4601,6001,5801,6001,6601,7401,8001,880 31,04030,28032,42033,63033,76035,30031,16030,13029,270 830790820830840880890880900 9509009109609601,0201,1201,1201,1402,1502,2202,1202,2302,3702,4202,7102,8103,100 230250260270290310310330340 10,94012,53012,85014,36015,82017,14017,36017,430 340210200240280330370440470 29,15030,50032,11034,38036,50037,86038,49037,21038,400 1,0201,0601,1201,2101,3001,3801,4901,5301,610 10,83010,80010,39011,50011,29012,14012,35012,25012,460 13,91014,64015,34016,06017,29017,60019,12019,35019,720 7,0907,3307,8408,4209,0709,58010,0209,94010,260 8,3109,0909,35010,24011,37012,67013,45012,78013,71074,52075,76072,84077,640 6606707308108909601,0501,0901,150 47,70047,05056,72058,65059,62067,97066,66051,70057,690 1,6801,8202,0002,2202,4602,7502,8703,0903,400 2,3002,6402,7902,9903,2203,4803,7303,8804,140 3,6703,7403,8504,0004,2204,4804,6104,5304,6005,6905,8406,3406,8207,2407,4708,0908,0908,330 570540530550540540480490490 1,3901,5101,6101,6601,7801,9702,1102,1502,070 1,7101,8802,0002,1005,9506,5407,2407,8508,6909,5109,65010,01010,440 5,9706,1906,5907,0107,6008,2008,5008,6008,910 7,3007,6308,2008,9209,95010,49011,03010,58011,270 1,6301,7301,8201,8701,9602,0002,0702,1002,130 3,6103,8104,0604,4305,2305,8906,6306,9407,390 8,6308,76010,15011,39012,86013,88015,00014,38015,810 7,4807,7708,4208,4309,6409,82010,38010,57010,680 12,39012,06012,96014,69015,86016,65017,55016,05015,630 1,2001,2801,3401,3701,5001,5601,6201,6501,700 6,9007,4607,9108,3809,40010,07010,39010,37010,1302,1502,1802,1202,4302,6002,5802,7002,7902,970 8609109801,0501,1301,2101,2801,3301,400 490480540610680760840890960 3,3803,3203,4703,5203,4203,6003,7303,5203,470 1,0201,1201,2701,3701,4801,6301,7701,8001,890 1,3401,4201,5101,5901,6501,7301,7901,7701,830 6,5706,9307,7508,4109,3209,89011,20011,00010,830 7207708108408809301,0001,0301,080 20,67021,33022,19023,40025,10026,35029,79031,23030,300 14,98015,04015,47017,26019,08021,09020,29020,59021,600 10,19010,40010,93011,80012,81013,35014,04013,80014,600 760790810820860890800820830 6,9207,6007,9208,1709,6209,82010,89011,73012,070 5,3005,1905,2205,9706,7507,4207,9408,1808,850 19,67020,20021,69022,76024,28026,15026,89026,80028,650 30,09031,02032,60033,30036,14037,59039,69038,52040,260 7,7607,1808,5309,72010,92012,20012,75012,08011,790 9801,0401,1201,2001,3201,4401,5701,6501,760 2,1602,2702,4802,8703,4304,2804,5904,9905,000 14,08015,24016,19017,69020,50022,83022,91020,13018,840 2,9203,0303,0603,2503,3603,4203,3803,5603,630 2,4702,5602,7402,9403,0703,3003,4603,3503,480 1,0301,1201,5001,5501,8301,8902,0202,0502,180 560580580600630640690660700 8909209701,0301,0901,1501,2201,2801,340 28,39028,15028,64029,77030,88031,49031,12028,82028,660 1,7401,8802,0202,2002,3602,4902,5402,6002,65019,32019,92020,82021,97023,46024,83024,94024,30024,950 1,5801,5401,6201,7201,7002,0502,1802,2702,380 3,6403,4703,7003,8404,2304,7605,1304,8105,430 7,0407,0607,5308,18010,40011,67012,76013,09013,930 19,74020,73021,15022,42022,96023,71023,15020,59018,910 7,1407,2907,8408,2608,7909,52010,08010,08010,890 8809409801,0701,1501,1801,2401,2501,320 440420440450470490510510520 21,48022,40023,72023,99026,12026,95028,64028,49026,770 13,59013,79014,98015,43015,63016,17015,71014,42014,640 27,07028,12029,93031,47034,19036,15037,55036,52038,450 26,76027,09027,43028,29030,45032,02033,01032,07031,930 1,7501,8601,9702,0802,2502,3202,2602,0302,230 9,90010,59011,47012,88014,56016,58017,91017,30016,830 37,17038,52042,55048,16053,82055,63061,06055,09058,130 16,92018,11019,11020,37022,04023,60024,67023,94023,400 1,8802,1502,4002,6502,8602,9703,2802,9903,330 2,8703,0903,3103,5003,8404,0204,2704,4104,58045,16046,43046,99047,76050,45051,21050,27049,0003,7903,8704,1804,3904,3304,4504,5304,5504,440 3,9704,0104,3204,8304,7705,0405,1005,0004,880 12,92012,93014,06015,72017,79020,21021,68021,31021,770 19,65020,37022,01023,28025,12026,64028,26026,17026,120 2,8303,0303,2403,5103,8404,1904,4304,6205,000 33,97036,53038,93042,33047,46051,17049,62047,73057,280 21,89022,56023,37023,79025,40026,73027,06029,11029,020 27,68028,40029,94031,15032,67034,53034,71032,63034,570 9,99010,30010,87011,70013,67014,96015,25015,14017,3601,0301,1301,2601,4401,6301,8101,9301,9202,030 6,9407,7707,6709,6509,53010,16010,4009,8109,880 2,6002,9703,2703,6504,1204,6804,8304,6604,910 30,45030,76031,52032,40034,48035,99037,56036,33038,450 1,6901,6801,7701,9202,1602,2502,3302,2802,280 8,7209,0509,78010,14010,88012,00012,57012,82013,670 3,8303,9304,0704,2204,3304,2604,3404,4804,620 17,13017,98019,44021,05022,39023,69025,79026,11027,720 27,77027,47028,46029,91031,83033,58034,64034,29034,97011,52011,87012,65013,47014,63016,11017,59018,08019,2205,2805,5405,9806,4407,2307,9408,8008,7208,850 5,2305,6106,0506,4607,0207,5807,9207,7508,4102,5902,7202,8903,1103,3503,6403,8003,7003,730 1,0201,0501,0801,1201,1401,1701,110 27,98028,96030,44031,32032,82034,60035,62038,67037,580 27,50029,69031,41033,42037,07039,35037,10033,82034,830 11,50012,71014,06015,92018,14020,15020,96019,15019,0406,66013,84015,95018,15019,38022,53024,26025,46024,18024,440 3,1403,1903,3303,5403,7803,9804,2604,3404,470 29,16030,81032,49032,94036,12039,33041,00037,97040,130 35,71037,07038,37040,37044,22045,10044,74047,93051,760 2,9603,0603,1703,3103,6903,8604,2804,2204,270 5,9806,6007,6108,6409,82010,94012,29012,31013,47037,90043,22047,90052,37054,89055,65054,52049,06047,770 1,0501,0701,0701,1201,1501,1601,1501,1501,160 1,5401,5401,6001,6501,6901,7301,7801,8301,8505,0805,2705,5106,0006,4107,1207,9608,0408,690 5,6006,0206,4906,8207,3707,9208,3308,5908,870 10,44011,72012,61014,05015,82017,56019,06017,56018,350 3,5503,6904,0704,4504,8605,3305,6605,8205,7504,3004,6905,1705,2605,7806,0906,3406,2406,4006,9407,5908,5409,28010,89012,64014,55014,58015,260 38,59039,96042,26044,74047,39048,42048,65047,24048,880 1,3001,3601,4801,6401,7501,9402,0602,2302,310 1,1601,1801,2501,3401,4301,5201,5401,5501,610 27,58027,42030,09030,85033,41036,16038,24036,11036,550 1,1901,2501,3001,4001,5701,7301,7701,7701,800 4,6704,9905,5005,9906,4307,0007,3007,4907,760 29,41030,48032,50033,92035,69036,71037,36035,20036,020 32,23032,07034,07035,27039,05041,38042,00040,00040,900 510530570630640700740820880 1,7001,7801,7901,7701,8101,8601,9602,0102,100 2,5302,6602,8603,0303,2103,4703,6403,6503,920 4,8104,9705,1805,5205,9206,2906,4906,2506,380 3,1703,2203,5303,6103,7003,8404,1803,9504,080 18,84019,28019,64021,05022,24023,42024,05023,88024,670 2,1702,3302,6202,8303,1503,4803,7703,6503,68023,70024,48025,61027,00029,82031,46032,27031,37031,070 1,1701,2001,2301,2701,3201,3801,4301,4301,440 9501,0001,0101,0601,1001,1301,2401,3801,380 7,9307,79010,02012,6909,14010,79013,87020,16015,600 1,8001,9402,1102,3102,5102,7102,8902,9903,210 2,5902,9103,2003,9405,3806,6207,7208,6009,160 7007507508308801,0001,0301,2201,300 5,4805,9306,2306,6906,9507,4407,6407,6807,970 4,7305,1405,6106,1206,9207,3808,3508,6908,480 3,4803,5303,8304,0804,2704,5104,6004,7604,800 4,0204,1604,3704,6305,2105,5405,9406,1306,300 62,94066,25069,04066,62064,56058,15051,21044,71041,550 18,07018,30019,03019,60021,37023,27025,80025,09025,320 7,3708,2109,14010,48011,7305,8106,2006,8007,5408,5308,81010,36010,92011,220 4,0804,6605,3105,0906,1605,9906,7406,5506,900550580610630650710760800710 9,3309,99010,78011,60012,58013,59014,14013,93014,68019,45019,60019,69020,07021,43022,53024,34023,64024,390 7007608008408809401,000930930 7908708809401,0101,0501,1001,1001,150 8,7107,5909,3209,6709,96011,07012,01012,68013,340 7,3807,7208,2108,47010,68010,14012,20013,82012,82020112012 5,6806,200 7,1106,230 8,2409,040 68,00051,43052,190 1,0101,080 41,92043,430 6,9707,180 3,3903,670 1,2201,120 14,45015,310 1,5701,620 2,2802,310 8,1508,820 28,0703,8804,2307,3407,630 4,5504,930 21,70022,720 14,79015,450 19,55020,2001,7701,830 31,35033,480 930970 1,1901,100 3,1403,450 360390540580 41,39042,530 1,8201,910 13,25014,090 20,39020,710 10,67011,010 15,27016,060 80,4701,2401,320 59,81060,160 3,6403,910 4,4404,730 4,7404,8809,0109,490 5205502,1802,23011,07011,780 9,5009,990 11,91012,500 2,2002,2708,2609,070 17,07018,190 11,14011,300 16,35017,630 1,7701,810 10,34010,870 3,1403,340 1,4801,560 1,0301,110 3,4803,870 2,0402,180 1,8401,880 11,45011,430 1,1501,340 31,54029,840 24,42025,740 15,80016,450 860900 12,21011,980 9,2609,660 29,86030,970 41,68043,390 12,25012,920 1,8902,030 5,0405,400 18,34018,9203,7803,920 3,7003,890 2,2902,450 700760 1,3901,470 29,43029,020 2,7502,88025,40025,670 2,5702,740 5,8405,720 13,88015,150 11,30011,530 1,3701,490 530550 25,11025,460 15,74016,87040,62042,230 32,49032,920 2,3102,130 20,09021,920 61,39066,960 24,44024,720 3,6003,630 4,8405,060 4,5704,690 4,9004,760 23,58024,770 26,97027,240 5,4706,030 59,95060,11030,03034,89036,300 19,82021,310 2,1602,330 10,24010,3505,2605,770 38,93039,860 2,3002,480 14,35015,060 4,8805,020 30,16036,12036,720 20,20021,1709,3509,650 8,6209,280 3,8003,880 1,1801,220 40,51043,300 34,47035,670 21,18022,50022,42022,860 4,7004,880 42,29043,980 51,55055,090 4,3404,300 14,66014,960 1,1801,210 1,7601,9209,31010,090 8,7709,210 21,57023,560 5,8705,9806,8707,240 16,66016,860 50,86052,6102,4702,690 1,6801,730 37,42038,220 2,0202,070 8,1708,380 36,56037,340 42,71043,510 9301,000 2,0902,170 4,0704,380 6,6006,720 4,1404,250 24,66024,770 4,3205,02030,94031,670 1,4801,550 1,5001,590 18,59018,570 3,4203,620 9,1409,310 1,3801,560 8,1208,360 9,0709,2805,120 6,2906,450 41,55011,55011,540 7,3607,560730730 15,61016,27026,68027,000 930930 1,1701,140 14,00014,160 14,24014,590。

国民收入核算练习题一、选择题1. 国民收入核算中最常用的总量指标是：A. 国民生产总值（GNP）B. 国民总收入（GNI）C. 国内生产总值（GDP）D. 人均国民收入2. 下列哪项不计入国内生产总值（GDP）？A. 我国企业生产的汽车出口到国外B. 家庭主妇的家务劳动C. 企业购买的原材料D. 政府部门的公共基础设施建设A. 超市出售的面包B. 面包厂生产的面包C. 面包店的面包制作设备D. 面包店的租金收入二、填空题1. 国民收入核算的三个主要方法分别是生产法、______法和支出法。

2. 国民生产总值（GNP）= 国内生产总值（GDP）+______ 国外要素支付净额。

3. 在国民收入核算中，最终产品是指在一定时期内生产的用于______的产品。

三、简答题1. 简述国内生产总值（GDP）与国民生产总值（GNP）的区别。

2. 请列举三种国民收入核算的局限性。

3. 如何理解国民收入核算中的“增加值”概念？四、计算题1. 某国某年国内生产总值（GDP）为10000亿元，资本折旧为2000亿元，间接税和企业转移支付为1500亿元，企业转移支付为500亿元。

求该国该年的国民收入。

2. 某国某年国内生产总值（GDP）为8000亿元，政府购买为2000亿元，消费支出为5000亿元，净出口为200亿元。

求该国该年的投资支出。

五、判断题1. 国民收入核算中的国内生产总值（GDP）包括了所有商品和服务的市场价值。

（）2. 一个人在国内获得的收入一定会计入国民生产总值（GNP）。

（）3. 国民收入核算时，政府转移支付（如退休金、失业救济金）不计入国内生产总值（GDP）。

（）4. 国民收入核算中的支出法是将所有最终产品和服务的市场价值加总来计算GDP的方法。

（）六、名词解释3. 生产税净额（Net Taxes on Production）4. 投资乘数（Investment Multiplier）七、案例分析题1. 某国经历了严重的自然灾害，导致大量基础设施损毁。

世界银行发达国家的标准
世界银行并没有明确的发达国家标准，但在实际操作中，通常使用人均国民总收入（GNI）作为衡量一个国家经济发展水平的重要指标。

根据世界银行的定义，高收入经济体是指使用购买力平价（PPP）法计算的人均国民总收入超过某个标准的经济体。

这个标准在2021年为12,695美元。

虽然高收入经济体通常被认为是发达国家的同义词，但实际上，这两个概念有所不同。

发达国家除了具有较高的收入水平外，还应具备较先进的科技和工业化水平。

因此，某些高收入国家可能是发展中国家，例如海湾合作委员会国家，这些国家的经济过于依赖石油出口，因此被列为“发展中高收入国家”。

世界银行在对国家进行分类时，主要依据人均国民总收入（GNI）水平，将国家划分为高收入、中等收入和低收入三类。

高收入国家通常被认为是发达国家，而中等收入和低收入国家则被认为是发展中国家。

实务背诵第一章现代工程咨询方法1、现代工程咨询方法的特点定性分析与定量分析，静态分析与动态分析，统计分析与预测分析2、逻辑框架法中垂直逻辑关系中的四个目标层次含义（1）宏观目标：项目的宏观目标即宏观计划、规划、政策和方针等所指向的目标（2）具体目标：具体目标也叫直接目标，是指项目的直接效果，是项目立项的要依据。

（3）产出：这里的“产出“是指项目“干了些什么“，即项目的建设内容或投入的产出物。

（4）投人和活动：该层次是指项目的实施过程及内容，主要包括资源和时间等的投入。

3、逻辑框架法的产出成果（1）提供可计量的直接结果（2）指出项目所完成的实际工程（3）改善机构制度、政策法规等4、逻辑框架法的编制步骤（1）确定项目的具体目标（2）确定为实现项目具备目标所要实现的产出成果（3）确定为达到每项产出成果所需要投入的活动（4）确定项目宏观目标（5）用“如果，那么”的逻辑关系自下而上检验纵向逻辑关系（6）确定每一层次目标的实现所需要的重要假设和外部条件（7）依次确定项目的投入、产出成果、直接目标和宏观目标的可验证指标（8）确定指标的客观验证方法（9）确定各项投入活动的预算成本和验证指标及方法（10）对整个逻辑框架的设计进行对照检查和核对5、层次分析法的优点（1）系统性的分析方法（2）简洁实用的决策方法（3）所需定量数据信息较少6、层次分析法的缺点（1）不能为决策者提供新方案（2）指标过多时工作量大，且权重难以确定（3）特征值和特征向量的精确求法比较复杂7、层次分析法包括哪些步骤（1）建立层次结构模型（2）构造比较判别矩阵（3）单准则下层次排序及其一致性检验（4）层次总排序及其一致性检验8、SWOT分析图9、SWOT分析的步骤（1）分析环境因素（2）构造SWOT矩阵（3）制定行动计划10、SWOT分析法的优缺点优点：分析直观，使用简单，在没有精确数据支持下也可以得出教有说服力的结论缺点：精度不够，带有一定程度的主观臆测11、PEST分析法（口诀：正经设计）政治环境分析、经济环境分析、社会自然环境分析、技术环境分析12、现代工程咨询信息来源（1）网络和出版物（2）借阅与购买（3）自有信息13、信息资料收集方法有哪些（口诀：暗地卷烟）（1）文案调查法（2）问卷调查法（3）实地调查法（4）实验调查法14、数据库管理系统的组成（口诀：是关羽）数据库语言、数据库管理程序、数据库使用程序15、数据统计分析工作或阶段（1）选择数字特征（2）收集并整理数据（3）计算数字特征（4）建立模型（5）检验模型误差（6）利用模型预测（7）评价统计与预测结果16、时间序列建模一般步骤（1）取得时间序列样本（2）将样本点画成图，进行相关分析（3）模式识别与拟合（4）预测未来17、数据分析和数据挖掘的区别（1）处理工作量不同（2）制约条件不同（3）处理对象不同（4）处理结果不同18、网络信息挖掘步骤1（1）确立目标样本（2）提取特征信息（3）网络信息获取（4）信息特征匹配19、数据挖掘的步骤信息收集、数据集成、数据规约、数据清理、数据变换、数据挖掘、模式评估和知识20、工程咨询知识的特点数量多、种类庞杂、隐性知识难以提炼、保密要求高21、建立知识管理系统步骤认知规划试点投入使用建立新制度第二章规划咨询的主要理论与方法1、区域发展理论（1）中心地理论：一定区域内的中心地在职能、规模和空间形态分布上具有一定规律性。

1.全球化世界贸易组织:(World Trade Organization)国际货币基金组织:(International Monetary Fund)《关税及贸易总协定》:(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)世界银行:(World Bank)国际贸易:(international trade)对外直接投资:(foreign direct investment)对外直接投资存量:(stock of foreign direct investment)外国企业:(multinational enterprise)国际企业:(international business)2.政治经济中的国家差异政治经济:(political economy)政治体制:(political system)集体主义:(collectivism)社会主义者:(socialists)共产主义者:(communists)社会民主主义者:(social democrats)私有化:(privatization)个人主义:(individualism)民主:(democracy)极权:(totalitarianism)市场经济:(maeket economy)计划经济:(command economy)法律体系:(legal system)普通法:(common law)大陆法:(civil law system)宗教法:(theocratic law system)合同法:(contract law)财产权:(property rights)私下行为:(private action)公共行为:(public action)《反海外腐败法》:(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act)知识产权:(intellectual property)专利:(patent)版权:(copyrights)商标:(trademarks)产品安全法:(product safety laws)产品责任:(product liability)3.政治经济和经济发展人均国民收入:(gross national income)购买力平价:(purchasing power parity)人文发展指数:(Human Development Index)创新:(innovation)创业者:(entrepreneurs)放松管制:(deregulation)第一进入者优势:(first-mover advantages)后进者优势:(late-mover disadvantages)政治风险:(political risk)经济风险:(economic risk)4.文化差异跨文化知识能力:(cross-cultural literacy)价值观:(values)准则:(norms)社会:(society)社会习惯:(folkways)道德准则:(ethics)社会结构:(social structure)群体:(group)社会阶层:(social strata)社会流动性:(social mobility)等级制度:(caste system)阶级制度:(class system)阶级意识:(class consciousness)宗教:(religion)伦理体系:(ethical systems)关系:(relationship)联系:(connection)权利距离:(power distance)个人主义:(individualism versus)集体主义:(collectivism)不确定性规避:(uncertainty avoidance)男性主义和女性主义:(masculinity versus femininity)儒家动力:(confucian dynamism)种族中心主义:(ethnocentrism)5.国际商务伦理商业伦理:(business ethics)伦理策略:(ethics strategy)社会责任:(socisl responsibility)伦理困境:(ethical dilemmas)组织文化:(organizayion cultural)文化相对论:(cultural relativism)道德论者:(righteous moralist)非道德论者:(native immoralist)实用主义伦理:(utilitarian approaches)权利理论:(rights theories)公正分配:(just distribution)无知之幕:(veil of ignorance)道德公约:(code of ethics)利益相关者:(stakeholders)6.国际贸易理论自由贸易:(free trade)新贸易理论:(nwe trade theory)重商主义:(mercantilism)零和博弈:(zero-sum game)绝对优势:(absolute advantage)规模报酬率:(constant returns to specialization)要素禀赋:(factor endowments)规模经济:(economies of scale)国际收支账户:(balance-of-payments accounts)经常账户:(current account)经常账户赤字盈余:(current account deficit surplus)资本账户:(capital account)金融账户:(financial account)7.国际贸易中的政治经济自由贸易:(free trade)关税:(tariff)从量税:(specific tariffs)从价税:(ad valorem tariffs)补贴:(subsidy)进口配额:(import quota)关税配额:(tariff rate quota)自愿出口限制:(voluntary export restraint)配额租金:(quota rent)国产化规定:(local content requirement)行政管理贸易政策:(administrative trade policies)倾销:(dumping)反倾销政策:(antidumping policies)抵消性关税:(counter vailing duties)幼稚工业论:(infant industry argument)战略贸易政策:(strategic trade policy)8.国际直接投资新设投资:(greenfield invsetment)流量:(flow of FDI)存量:(stock of FDI)对外直接投资:(outflows of FDI)外来直接投资:(inflows of FDI)固定资本形成总额:(gross fixed capital formation)折中理论:(eclectic paradigm)出口:(exporting)技术授权:(licensing)内部化理论:(internalization theory)不完善理论:(market imperfections approach)寡头垄断行业:(oligopoly)多点竞争:(multipoint competition)区位优势:(location-specific advantages)外部性:(externalities)国际收支账户:(balance-of-payments accounts)经常项目:(current account)离岸生产:(offshore production)9.区域经济一体化区域经济一体化:(regional economic integration)自由贸易区:(free trade area)关税同盟:(customs union)共同市场:(common market)经济联盟:(economic union)政治联盟:(political union)贸易创造:(trade creation)贸易转移:(trade diversion)执行董事会:(executive board)监管董事会:(governing council)最优货币区:(optional currency area)10.外汇市场外汇市场:(foreign exchange market)汇率:(exchange rate)外汇风险:(foreign exchange risk)外汇投机:(currency speculation)套息交易:(carry trade)即期汇率:(spot exchange rate)远期外汇:(forward exchange)远期汇率:(forward exchange rate)掉期:(currency swap)套汇:(arbitrage)载体货币:(vehicle currency)一价定律:(law of one price)效率市场:(efficient market)应用材料:(applied materials)费雪效应:(Fisher effect)跟风效应:(bandwagon effect)效率市场:(efficient market)无效市场:(inefficient market)自由兑换:(freely convertible)对外可兑换:(externally convertible)不可兑换:(nonconvertible)资本外逃:(capital flight)对等贸易:(counter trade)交易风险:(transaction exposure)折算风险:(translation exposure)经济风险:(economic exposure)提前策略:(lead strategy)错后策略:(lag strategy)11.国际货币体系国际货币体系:(international monetary system)浮动汇率:(floating exchange rate)盯住汇率:(pegged exchange rate)管理浮动:(dirty float)固定汇率:(fixed exchange rate)金本位制度:(gold standard)黄金平价:(gold par value)贸易收支平衡:(balance-of-trade equilibrium)管理浮动制度:(managed-float system)货币局制度:(currency board)货币危机:(currency crisis)银行危机:(banking crisis)外债危机:(foreign debt crisis)裙带资本主义:(crony capitalism)道德风险:(moral hazard)12.全球资本市场共享方差:(shared variance)对冲基金:(hedge funds)游资:(hot money)耐心货币:(patient money)外国债券:(foreign bonds)13.国际企业的战略战略:(strategy)盈利能力:(profitability)投资资本收益率:(ROIC)利润增长:(profit growth)价值创造:(value creation)运营:(operations)核心竞争力:(core competence)区位经济:(location economies)全球网络:(global web)经验曲线:(experience curve)学习效应:(learning effects)规模经济:(economies of scale)普遍需要:(universal needs)全球标准化战略:(global standardization strategy)本土化战略:(localization strategy)跨国战略:(transnational strategy)国际战略:(international strategy)14.国际企业的组织组织构架:(organizational architecture)组织结构:(organizational structure)控制系统:(control systems)奖励:(incentives)流程:(processes)组织文化:(organizational culture)垂直差异化:(vertical differentiation)水平差异化:(horizontal differentiation)建立整合机构:(integrating mechanisms)国际分部:(intermational division)世界范围的地区结构:(worldwide area structure)世界范围的产品分部:(worldwide product division structure)全球矩阵结构:(global matrix structure)知识网络:(knowledge network)个人控制:(personal control)行政组织结构:(bureaucratic control)产出控制:(output control)文化控制:(cultural control)绩效模糊:(performance ambiguity)15.进入战略和战略联盟战略联盟:(strategic alliance)私营部门债务:(private-sector debt)进入时机:(timing of entry)先入者优势:(first-mover advantages)开拓成本:(pioneering costs)交钥匙工程:(turnkey project)技术授权协议:(licensing agreement)技术授权协议:(cross-licensing agreement)特许经营:(franchising)合资企业:(joint venture)全资子公司:(wholly owned subsidiary)16.出口、进口和对等贸易出口管理公司:(export management company)信用证:(letter of credit)汇票:(draft)即期汇票:(sight draft)远期汇票:(time draft)提单:(bill of lading)进出口银行:(Export-Import-Bank)对等贸易:(counter trade)易货贸易:(barter)互购:(counter purchase)抵销:(offset)转手贸易:(switch trading)回购:(buy back)从价关税:(ad valorem tariff)委托代销:(consignment)禁运:(embargo)全球配额:(global quota)无形贸易壁垒:(invisible barriers to trade)信用证:(letter of credit)重商主义:(mercantilism)201条款:(section 201)17.全球生产、外包与物流生产:(production)物流:(cogistics)全面质量管理:(total quality management)六西格玛:(six sigma)最小效率规模:(minimum efficient scale)柔性制造技术:(flexible manufacturing technology)精益生产:(lean production)大规模定制:(mass customization)柔性机器单元:(flexible machine cells)价值重量:(value-to-weight)全球学习:(global learning)来源决策:(make-or-buy decisions)专业化资产:(specialized asset)动态能力:(dynamic capabilities)即时存货:(just-in-time)电子数据交换:(electronic data inferchange) 18.全球营销与开发营销组合:(marketing)市场细分:(market segmentation)集中零售体系:(concentrated retail system)分散零售体系:(fragmented retail system)渠道长度:(channel length)独占性的分销渠道:(exclusive distribution channel)渠道质量:(channel quality)源效应:(source effects)原产国效应:(country of orign effects)噪声:(noisy)推策略:(push strategy)拉策略:(pull strategy)需求价格弹性:(price elasticity of demand)富有弹性:(elastic)缺乏弹性:(inelastic)策略性定价:(strategic pricing)掠夺性定价:(predatory pricing)多点定价:(multipoint pricing)经验曲线定价:(experience curve pricing) 19.全球人力资源管理人力资源管理:(human resource management)外派经理:(expatriate manager)人员配备政策:(staffing policy)企业文化:(corporate culture)外派人员:(expatriates)内派人员:(inpatriates)外派失败:(expatriate failure)自我倾向:(self-orientation)他人倾向:(others-orientation)感知能力:(perceptual ability)文化刚性:(cultural thoughness)20.国际企业会计和财务会计准则:(accounting standards)审计准则:(auditing standards)内部远期汇率:(internal forward rate)货币管理:(money management)交易成本:(transaction costs)双边净额:(bilateral netting)多边净额:(multilateral)税收抵免:(tax credit)税收条款:(tax treaty)延期准则:(deferral principle)避税港:(tax havens)特许权使用费:(royalties)转移价格:(transfer price)弗罗廷贷款:(fronting loan)。

国际贸易地理练习题一、填空题1.国际贸易地理是介于国际贸易学与地理学之间的边缘学科。

2.2. 地理环境包括自然地理环境、人文地理环境与经济地理环境。

3.3. 国际贸易学的发展与地理环境密切相关地理环境是国际贸易的基础反过来贸易发展也会影响一国或地区自然地理环境、人文地理环境和经济地理环境的变化。

4.4. 国际贸易地理学是介于国际贸易学与地理学之间的是一门兼有国际贸易学和地理学性质的边缘科学。

5.5. 世界上主要的气候类型有热带雨林气候、热带草原气候、热带沙漠气候、热带季风气候、亚热带地中海式气候、亚热带季风气候、温带海洋性气候、温带季风气候、温带大陆性气候、亚寒带针叶林气候。

6.世界各国中人口1亿以上有10个国家它们是中国、印度、美国、印度尼西亚俄罗斯联邦、巴西、日本、尼日利亚、巴基斯坦和孟加拉。

7. 世界主要三大宗教是佛教、伊斯兰教、基督教。

8. 解决国际商事的法律主要有英法美系和大陆法系英法美系以判例法作为法律的主要渊源大陆法系以成文法作为法律的主要渊源。

9. 经济发展水平直接决定一国对外贸易的发展状况及在国际贸易中的地位和作用经济发展水平越高生产能力越大消费能力越强。

可以从国内生产总值、人均国民收入、经济发展周期、经济发展程度划分国家类型四方面反映。

10. 四大文明古国指古巴比伦、古印度、古埃及、中国。

11. 20世纪70年代资本主义世界的国际贸易地理格局是美国、西欧、日本三足鼎立。

12.地理大发现使得世界经济贸易中心开始由地中海沿岸各国向大西洋沿岸转移。

13.世贸组织、世界银行、国际货币基金组织并称为当今世界经济体制的“三大支柱”。

14.世界煤炭资源分布很广但其储量分布极不平衡且从地区分布看欧洲和欧亚大陆、亚洲太平洋地区、北美洲的煤炭储量较为集中非洲、中南美洲、中东的储量很少。

15.世界玉米集中在三大地带一是美国中部玉米带生产了世界2/5以上的玉米二是中国的华北平原、东北平原、关中平原、四川盆地等占世界玉米产量的1/6以上三是欧洲南部平原西起法国经意大利、南斯拉夫、到罗马尼亚。